The Alliance

A unique partnership and systemic approach to food insecurity and climate change in Africa

The Alliance

Overview of the Alliance and its Purpose in the context of Africa’s development goals

Martin Bwalya

The Alliance

Considering CSA in the African context

Todd Rosenstock

What is climate-smart agriculture in Africa?

Uluguru Mountains in Eastern Tanzania

Word cloud of the FAO ‘CSA Sourcebook’

Importance of food security, adaption and mitigation depends on location

Foodsecurity

Mi ga onAdapta on

Map: Wheeler & von Braun 2013

The African CSA Alliance works toward CSA that supports food security & resilience

mitigation is co-benefit when possible

Agroforestry

Nutrition security

Poverty alleviation

Natural resource

management

Improved

cook-stove

Conservation

agriculture

Increased yields

Soil quality & carbon

Reduced

degradation &

erosion

Dietary

diversity

Intercropping

Market access

Increase income

Participatory

approach

Kolero, Tanzania

The Alliance

How the Alliance will work in practice

Martin Bwalya / Doug Brown

The Alliance

FMNR as a CSA practice

Doug Brown

FMNR is the systematic regeneration and sustainable management of trees and shrubs growing from living tree stumps, roots or seeds. It involves pruning and thinning of stems and branches and the protection of regrowth from threats such as fire, livestock or human damage. FMNR can be practiced on farmland, forestland, grazing land and so called “wasteland”.

What is farmer managed natural regeneration (FMNR)?

FMNR in practice

12 April 2012 4 June 2013 9 March 2014

An example of FMNR in practice

Social

•Fosters a will to change

•Creates an enabling environment

•Builds collaboration, networks

and partnerships

•Fosters tree ownership and land

tenure security for farmers

•Increases education and training

•Increases empowerment for

women

Environmental

•Restores tree cover

•Reduces erosion

•Enriches soils

•Increases water availability

•Controls wind and temperatures

•Increases biodiversity

•Climate change adaptation and

mitigation

Economic

•Increases incomes through:

– improved crop yields

– sale of tree products

– improved livestock

production

•Increases household assets

•Increases consumables/decreases

expenditures

•Offers new income opportunities

via carbon credit revenues

FMNR Benefits

Impact of FMNR in Niger

Name: Humbo Community Reforestation Program

Location: Humbo, Ethiopia (6.743139, 37.868508)

Area Coverage: Approximately 2,728 hectares of natural forest

Number of beneficiaries: 41,529 (approximately 8,000 households)

Project Example: Humbo, Ethiopia

2002

2010

Impact:

• 96,882 tons of CO2 sequestered as of 2014;

• 82.9% of HHs in the project area reported reduced soil erosion and 74.0% increased soil fertility; and

• Steady increase in the frequency of animal sightings, tree planting, and ownership over the course of the project.

Name: Talensi FMNR Project

Location: Talensi District, Upper East Region, Ghana

Area Coverage: 161 hectares of new community-managed forest

Number of beneficiaries: 12,000 (approximately 1,472 households)

Project Example: Talensi, Ghana

2010

2012

Impact:

• 161 hectares under new forest cover with average tree density of 2,343 per hectare vs. a baseline of 5 per hectare;

• 336 hectares of farmland under FMNR management with average tree density 57 per hectare vs. a baseline of 5 per hectare;

• Short-term Social Return on Investment (SROI) 6:1; and

• Long-term SROI 17:1 by year 7 and 43:1 by year 13.

The Alliance

Lessons from Securing Africa’s Future and the relevance of CSA

Chris Shore

Risk = Hazard * Vulnerability

Resilience

Grow Resilience, reduce the risk

18

19

Empowered World View

Shock, Emergency,

Vulnerability, Situational Awareness

Management Systems

Economic / Business

Systems of Small-holder

Farming

On-farm and Off-farm Natural

Resource Management

Systems

Improved and Resilient Livelihoods Sustain Ability of Parents and Caregivers to provide well for their children

What are we building?

22

23

The Alliance

Thank you

If you’d like to continue to be involved, please leave your details before you leave

http://africacsa.org/

@africacsa

“Smart” agriculture is

“climate-smart”

FAO. 2013. Sourcebook on Climate-Smart Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries

http://www.fao.org/climate-smart-agriculture/72611/en/

• The best CSA practices provide a triple win:o Improve reliability,

sustainability, productivity and profitability of agricultural production systems

o Adapting and building resilience to climate change

o Build soil carbon and above ground biomass – reducing and/or removing greenhouse gas emissions, where possible

Assessment of Practices for CSA

Practices Production Resilience Mitigation Co-benefits Constraints

Soil fertility Nitrogen fertilizer (e.g. urea) ǂ +++ +/- - -- --

Integrated nutrient mgmt. (e.g. banding, microdosing) ǂ ++ - - --

Reduced residue burning ɣ ++ + ++ + -

Reduced tillage / no-till ɣ + + + ++ -

Green manures (reduced fallow) ɣ +++ ++ + -

Fertilizer trees (e.g. Faidherbia albida) ɣ +++ +++ +++ +++ -

Conservation agriculture (mulch, no-till, etc.) ɣ ++ ++ ++ ++ --

Conservation ag with fertilizer trees ǂ +++ ++ +++ ++ --

Grain, livestock, and fertilizer tree integrationǂ +++ ++ ++ ++ -

Genetics Improved crop variety (breeding, engineering) ɣ ++ ++ + ++ -

Water use Water pumps for irrigation (petrol)ǂ +++ ++ -- - --

Irrigation techniques (amount, timing, technology) ɣ ++ ++ +/- + --

Microcatchment (e.g. Zai pits, microbasins, terracing)ǂ ++ ++ + --

Rainwater catchment, storage, delivery (e.g. farm ponds) ǂ ++ ++ ++ --

Livestock Rotational grazing ɣ + ++ +++/--- --

Improved breeds ɣ ++ +++/- + --

Stocking density management (i.e. herd size/land area) ɣ + +++ -

Improved feed management (higher feed quality) ɣ ++ + +++/- -

Manure management (e.g. lagoons, barn design) ɣ ++ ++ +++ ++ --

Anaerobic digestion of manure ɣ ++ ++ +++/- ++ --

Rice Midseason drainage of paddies ǂ + ++ +++ + -

Urea deep placement (fertilizer application)ǂ + +/- -- - --

Aerobic rice ǂ + + +++ +

Information Technology Planting date recommendations ɣ ++ ++ + ++

Sentinel warming systems (drought, pests) ɣ + ++ + +

Global: Mean Assessment Aggregated Assessment

CSA Practices for the Mixed-Maize Agriculture System

Practices Production Resilience Mitigation

Soil fertility Nitrogen fertilizer (e.g. urea) ǂ +++ +/- -

Integrated nutrient mgmt. (e.g. banding, microdosing) ǂ ++ -

Reduced residue burning ɣ ++ + ++

Reduced tillage / no-till ɣ + + +

Green manures (reduced fallow) ɣ +++ ++

Fertilizer trees (e.g. Faidherbia albida) ɣ +++ +++ ++

Conservation agriculture (mulch, no-till, etc.) ɣ ++ ++ ++

Conservation ag with fertilizer trees ǂ +++ ++ +++

Grain, livestock, and fertilizer tree integrationǂ +++ ++ ++

Genetics Improved crop variety (breeding, engineering) ɣ ++ ++ +

Water use Water pumps for irrigation (petrol)ǂ +++ ++ --

Irrigation techniques (amount, timing, technology) ɣ ++ ++ +/-

Microcatchment (e.g. Zai pits, microbasins, terracing)ǂ ++ ++

Rainwater catchment, storage, delivery (e.g. farm ponds) ǂ ++ ++

Information Technology Planting date recommendations ɣ ++ ++

Sentinel warming systems (drought, pests) ɣ + ++

Africa: Maize-mixed Aggregated Assessment