AFGL-TR484-0096 SIO Rdf. 84-15

AD- A155 254

A TRANSPORTABLE, MACHINE ORIENTEDV LIBRARY OF EUROPEAN SKY AND TERRAIN

* RADIANCE DISTRIBUTIONS WITH CONTEMPORARYRADIOMETRIC AND METEOROLOGICAL PROFILES

Rtichard W. Johnson1Mrism K. Olelnik

Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.

Scientific Report No. 5TIC April 19S4~ LECTE ~ Contract No. F19628-82-C-006

I JUN 12'ON Prqsect No. 7670Task No. 7670-14

S A N D I 6 0Work Unit No. 7670-14-02GV%\ Contract Monitor, Lt.Col. John D. Mill, USAF

Optical Physics Division

0) Prepared for

C.) Air Force Geophysics Laboratory, Air Force Systems Command........ United States Air Force, Hanscom AFB, Massachusetts 01731

OCEANORAPHY VISIBIUITY LABORATORY La Jolla, California 92093

8-5'5 17 037

I This report has been reviewed by the ESD Public Affairs Office (PA) and isreleasable to the National Technical Information Service (NTIS).

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tractManaer Banch Chief

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AFGL-TR-84-0096

4 TITLE (and S.baiari., S. TYPE or RlEPORTY a 11,21110 COVERED

A TRANSPORTABLE, MACHINE ORIENTED LIBRARY OF Scientific - InterimEUROPEAN SKY AND TERRAIN RADIANCE DISTRIBUTIONS Scientific Report No. 5WITH CONTEMPORARY RADIOMETRIC 6. P&FRMN 0ft. REPORT 11160119911& METEOROLOGICAL PROFILES SI0 Ref. 84-15

7. AUTHOR(@) . CONTRAC 04 8 1ANT NUMOR(a)

Richard W. Johnson F19628-82-C-0060

I PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 0. PROGRAM ELEMENT. PROJECT. TASK

University of California, San Diego LS OKUI USI

Visibility Laboratory 621011FLa Jolla, California 92093 7670-14-02

I I CONTROL.LING OFFICE HAIAI AND ADDRESS It. REPORT OATE

April 1984IS. NUMS1ER OF PAGES

3214 MONITORING AGENCY NAME A AOORESS(tf different fromi Conftollting Office) IS. SECURITY CLASS. (of this repor")

Air Force Geophysics Laboratory UNCLASSIFIEDHanscom AFB. Massachusetts 01731 7EtiIIiINONRON

%Contract Monitor: Lt.Co:. John D. Milt/OPA SCHEDULIE

IS. DISTRIGuTgON STATEMENT (of tchii Report)

IT- OISTRIGUTION STATEMENHT (of the .botract enteredeIn Mtoe* 20. If difforent from, Pop;

Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. Unaw".e

If. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

It.KE A ORDSAC (Ceontin.ue on f.,.,,. sitf* It neeoseev and 140onfify by block "sakmbe) o&

Syand Terrain RadiancevausfrtdcusdiAF.R9l07has be raie noaraiytanAtmospheric Volume Scattering Coefficients pu eetdmtoooia aibe safnto fattd

Th data bsethc conteints narey decrb0 aras ar thesetorage tape meosremants and vsample sexrction pro-

cedures.

0O0 1473 EOITION OP INO4V 6S S9 OOSOLCTE NLSSFE1/0 0103- 014- 6601 3~YC~iPC~O PTI ~F~ecCrE

-Ada

-. L-.

AFGL-TR-84-0096 SIO Ref. 84-15

A TRANSPORTABLE, MACHINE ORIENTED LIBRARY OF

EUROPEAN SKY AND TERRAIN RADIANCE DISTRIBUTIONSWITH CONTEMPORARY RAIOMETRIC & METEOROLOGICAL PROFILES

Richard W. JohnsonMiriam K. Oleiik.

Visibility Laboratory -University of California, San DiegoScripps Institution of Oceanography

"La Jolla, California 92093

Approved: Appmovd.

AIl W. Austin, Director iiam A NkmbetMoVisibility Laborory Sc•ipps Intitution o( Owwoeanpuy

CONTRACT NO. F.96-842-C-0060Project No. 7670Tak No. 7670-14

Work Unit No. 7570-14-02

Sdientic Report No. 5April 1984

" o h MContract Monitor

"Lt. Col. John D. Mill, Atmospheric Optics Branch, Optical Physics Division

Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.

"Prepared for

AIR FORCE GEOPHYSICS LABORATORYAIR FORCE SYSTEMS COMMAND

UNITED STATES AIR FORCEHANSCOM AFB, MASSACHUSETTS 01731

a.'-.*. * . . ' * - . * - - :.--' * .. * .a.. :

! !.

"SUMMARY

A data set which contains nearly 500 arrays representing the measurements of visible spectrum sky and terrain radi-

"" ance values first discussed in AFGL-TR-81-0275 has been organized into a readily transportable, machine readable library.

A complementary data set including contemporary measurements of atmospheric volume scattering coefficients plus ""ý"selected meteorological variables as a function of altitude has been included in a similar machine oriented format.

The data base contents are described as are the storage tape formats and sample extraction procedures.

v-

S1.. . . .-......-..................................................................................................................................,

IL

I.-T O U T O .................................................................................. ,

3• .DECITIN ATA TABLE OF CONTENTS 4

4. SAMPLEEXTRACTION. PROCEDURE.............................................................................. ......v

•6 R EFER EN C E . ................................................................. .................................................................................................... 10"-: .

r,.0

A NLIST 0 TA ;LES AND ILLUSTRATIONS ....................................................................................................................... x..".". 1L

APENI 8: SapeNTRODPltU...........T.........................................................................................1

%I

A2. DESCNIXTFION OF DATA D. CONTENT...........................................

""3. DE SCRD:ION OF DATA lASE TAPE fORMAT m ..................................

6.AIPlP ENCESDIX I: Scattering ..Exraci.. . ................................ 1 0

APPENDIX A: Simble Ladoa tlory........ts ad R . "................................ 12

-* APPENDIX D: SaJmple Profle Plola..........................13 :,•-

*APPENDIX C: Flisht Prfl Descuip•Ve Summazy..................... 14"•'--

APPENDIX D: Sky and Terrain Radiance FExtracion Program U ........................................................ 16""

APPENDIX 1: Scatteringj Coeffidont Profile Extiacton Program Uustinj................................................... 21L

SAPPEN DIX F: Visibility I~bofmtOry Contracs and ftektmd Publicl cs.................24 ""

• 1..%

- .'-. .o ."S. ~ ***.* "

II

LIST OF TABLES AND ILLUSTRATIONS

*Table No. pape

1.1 OPAQUE Related Aircraft Data Reports.............................................................................. ."

1.2 Summary of Sky and Terrain Radiance Measurements ............................................................................ 2 .

1.3 Summary of Atmopheic V Profie Mesurements .................... ............................... 3

2.1 Spectral C haracte st s Sum m ary ............................................................................................................. 42.2 Sky and Terrali Radiance Data Organization Per Flight ..................................................................... 4

2.3 Scattening Co e nt and Related Meteorological DataO rganization Per Fright .............................................................................................................................. .

3.1 Autom atic 2v Scanner Sweep Pattern ....................................................................................................... 7

SFig. No. Pap.

S1-1 Ornzatio l Block Digram ........................................................................................ ............. I

2- Standard Spectral Responses .............................................................................................................. 4"2-2 Sky and Terrain C•oodinate System .................................................................................................. S

3-1 Sky and Terrain Radiance Format Notes ........................................................................................... 73.2 Scattering Coefdent A Related MeteoroloSical Format Notes ........................................................ 7

4-1 Annotated Sample Output: Sky Radiance .......................................................................................... 9

4-2 Annotated Sample Output: Scattering Coeffid entand Related M eteorological Data ...................................................................................................... 10

-lx-

"." .5

°* 5.

.::.

.a-.

A TRANSPORTABLE, MACHINE ORIENTED LIBRARY OFEUROPEAN SKY AND TERRAIN RADIANCE DISTRIBUTFIONS

WITH CONTEMPORARY RADIOMETRIC & METEOROLOGICAL PROFILES

Richard W. JohnsonMiriam K. Oleinik

1.0 INTRODUCTIONA substantial body of meteorological and visible been abstracted from AFGL-TR.82-0049, Johnson and

spectrum radiometric data describing the optical state of Fitch (09I). The OPAQUE measurement program (OPt-the atmosphere has been collected and reported upon by ical Atmospheric QUantities in Europe) was conductedthe Visibility Laboratory or the University of California, under the auspices of the NATO Research Study Group 8San Diego in cooperation with, and under the sponsorship of Panel IV, AC243.of the Air Force Geophysics Laboratory, Hanscom APR, Whereas all but the last two reports listed inMassachusetts. Many of these data are related to the Tbe11cnetae pntedcmnaino hEuropean environment, and are available in hard copy via veiclsrtueothamsprcvlmecteinone or more of the reports listed in Table 1I1, which has coffcient. it is important to note that there is a substan-

tial and valuable complementary data set that is related tothe atmospheric radiance distribution. This complemen-

Tablet 1.1 OPAQUE related aircraft data reports. tary data set, which is discussed procedurally in Johnson________ _________ _______________ (1911) and analytically in Johnson and Hering (1931),

Doo""iowea- contains angularly precise spectral measurements of theSeem. DWE - urrounding 4ir radiance field as seen by an instrumented

aircraft during its traverse of several different flight tracksAFGL-TR-77-4tO I IVa. -76 Sian. c". Pro*" a "i. Mineo. between the surfa", and altitudes up to 6 kilometers. TheAFOl.-Th7114D9 II P '16 scat Cc.INi A ardl . Maweer. possession of these radiance data in a calibrated andAPOL-T2.?8-OIM6 III Sw.c7 Scot. Ciidf Pro" A a. hito readily retrievable format is what enab'les one to character-APOL-Th.79-0159 IV Win.7 Scot. Codff Proffine Aa i. Motow.

AFOL-TR-W-OW V Sm. '73 Scott. Coca p'Fllr a " MOWN. ize the broad variety of environmental conditions extantARIL-TR-80t92 I.iIlSao Above Aeraoso Size 00. and Anadras during the flight episodes and thus leads to the develop-APOL-TRh-Sl0154 iv'v - San Codf. vary Low AN. Prffiles men: of operationally useful predictive models as in Her-AT(3L-Tht-SI4Wl I I II II Scott Cogi Very Low Mi. PSouoS (91)APOL-Tit-81427$ U. flI. v Sky mD4 Twatin aaniAPOL-Th4 -017 INv veriinoc In Smy New Tew Nd.ai These radiance data, in conjunction with their coin-

APOL-Th.3121M FV. V ReveW* or Op. P".p & Awe"O~ panion scattering coefficient data, are readily applicable to_________________ the determination of slant path contrast transmittanee,

Sky &Tttrain Radiance

Descriptive Guide 4L Storage Tapes Sm xratoInterpretive ReferenciL 1600 BPI. 9 Track, ASCII

Vul. 1: OPAQUE 1. 1I.Ai See ig4-AFGLR44096Vol. 2: OPAQUE IV

Vol. 3: OPAQUE V

Scattering Coefficent ARelated Meteorological Data Sample Ezaramion

Storage Tape

Fia.~ ~ ~ ~e Fig. O4-2ztonblc

'/14 PQEIar1600 BPI. 9 Track, ASCIISeFg4-

VoA OAU I ir

I..kns. . Oraniztionl blck da~mm

Twe .1L. Summary of sky and terrain radiance measurementsa.

FILTER 21 AVAILABLE RADIACIM DATA &OtiWFLT NO DIAT"- sTE no~t AMkW= im AOL) Spectal eialu 6 AN) ThI Valunmv

A IB C ID 4781 664 357 76 Ary N

(1976)

371 Il May RD 2112 1736 - A&-. AS- AN-- AS.- 16 1379 171.hmy RS 304 1614 3170 6243 ADCD ASCII AbCII A-C 21 1

(1976)

110 23 Oct RB 216 1514 3W6 6079 AbCII ASCII ASICI ABCD 32 1392 1 NOV 1.4 436 1176 - A&-- AS-- AD-- AS 16 139 2 Nov 1.4 309 . A--.. ---- - --- 2 I"394 11 Nov RD 220 943 Al-- Alb- All- Al-- 16 1396 22 Nov MP4 313 - A--- A-- A--- A-- I I399 iDoc DR 673 1592 2332 Al- AD�- 4K AJIC- 20400 4I Doc U 9 "I- A-- A- I.--

401 S Dec BR 330 1024 229 529 ASCII ARMI ASCI ADCI) 32 t402 6Doc BR 642 1515 - 4030 Al-I Al-I) AM) AX-I) 24 I

(1977)I

410 4 Jul OR 394 161$ 3131 - ABC- .11C. ABC- ABC. 22411 6 Jul BR 421 1633 2187 . ABC- ADC- ABC- A9C- 24412 7 Jul UR 353 1650 2173 - ABC- AMIC- .. ...- 12 1415 29 Jul MP 212 us1 AS- AS- Al- Al-- I6416 1 Aug RB 211 1549 3066 4379 ASCII BCD ABC- ABC- 26 1419 4 Au# MP4 243 743 - - Al-- AD-- Al-- AS-- 16 1421 10 Au$ RD 21) 15414 3394 384,3 ABCII AOCI ABC:) ASCD 32 1 I-422 11 Aug UD 333 1509 - AD-. AD-- Al-- Al-- 16 1

431 1 Feb TR 271 1503 3036 - ADC- AS-- --.. 10- I 2434 Is P.S 30 29 1602 3109 6112 ADCM ADCII ASCII AS-I 30 2435 2) Feb SK 466 221 - - Al-- Al-- Al-- -5t- 14 2436 23 Feb SK 435 -0- ASD-- AS-- AS-- Al- 16 2431 27 Feb SK 509 1531 306117 3155 ADMI ASCII AMCII ASCI 32 2438 1w U~k 436 1619 - - Al-- Al-- -- --- 1 2 E439 1m BM 523 1621 - - Al-- AS- Al-- Al- 16 2440 2 Mar INK 517 Wil4 21177 4093 ASCI ASCII ASCII ASCII 32 2443 9Mat, ML 299 926 AS-- Ail-- Al-- Al-- 16 2444 It 1.4* YO 233 714 2171 - ABC- ABC- ADC- ABC- 24 2 -

446 I3s4 mat I 0o 55 M . A11-- AS-- AD-- A&.- 16 2449 Is M. VO 237 1029 2454 4593 ASCI ABCII A--- A-- 20 24503 22 MW 90 312 1055 . AS-- A&- AS-- A&.- 16 2454 21 MW RD 266 1194 269 4260 ASCI ASCII ASCII ABCI 32 24%6A 31Mar Re 294 1161116 AS-- AN-- AS-- AS- - 16 2

(197,)

462 3 Aut; fR 26 1791 2730 6146 ASCD AS-I ASCII -BCD is 3463 1 Aug Ti 276 1819 3674 6062 ADC- ASCII ASCII ASCD 30 2465 14 Aug MP. 234 1460 - - AS-- Al-- Al-- AD-- 16 3466 IS Aug M.? 202 1136 2933 6M0 ASCI ADCD ASCII AMIC- 30 3467 19 Aug 30 230 696 2214 4717 ASCII ABC- *SCD S1CI) 26 3461 21 Aug MP X63 1.49 2103 5630 ABC- ASCII AICII ASCII 30 3449 22Aug 50 277174724753333 ASCII ASCI) ASCI ASCII 32 3471 Il Se SR 45 535 - - AS-- AS-- Al-- Al- 16 347)3 1 ISOP Sk 277 152 AS-- AS-- AS-- Al-- 16 3475 15Somp YO 323 933 10= 6123 ASCI ASCII Al-- ABC 26 3

-'476 16 Sep YO 224 1009 30635 6150 ASCII ASCI ASCI ACI 32 3477 is Sep YO 310 622 3M41 - ADC- ABC- ABC- ABC- 24 3479 26 Sep Re 2017147 42 SI ACI ACI ACI 3

110 20 2371460 ACD AC _____ A IPC 11 32

4.Note The nominal flight altitudes listed Iin columns 4 throughJ 7. I.e. the attitudesai Mocisld with eachl of the luter 2 mesuieuremenis. are cedin columns I through 11 to dauunsite those altitudes at which siddiliorial ~pcrel dale are esysl-able. Thus foe fi~ght 373, 11h4 CuitnaSAS-- In columns A through I I indicate that meaurements in each of the four

apecdrel bends .e,.i madie &I each of two nlight allitude., A-212m and 5- 1156.

5.ir Code. SM -bIrabhod Genant, 1.4 - Mewperi. Germany SO0- Soasericirg.~ Netherlands eSR - um. Prane Re - Romdby. Denmur, TR - Trapanri. Sialy 1.ML -MildeuihaJI. England SO -Sisovadks, Sicily YO - Yteossilon, Ensiand

%2

Table 1.3. Summary of atmospheric vertical profile Measurements.P

FLIGHT ALTITUDJES AVAILABLE SCAT. COEFF. DATA STOR.AGE

FLT NO DATE Srr? SPECTRAL SANDS, 6 sin) NUMBER

L402 612 Du n 0 30"M N Y Y Y 4

(1977)

410 45 Jul ( 20 318D Y Y Y Y 4

411 6Jul SIR ISO 2850 Y Y Y V 4

412 Jul SR 120 544 V Y Y Y 4

421 10 Aug RD 120 5850 Y Y Y V 4

422 11 Aug R9 120 (540 Y Y V V 4

(1972)

431 1 Fob TE g0 4560 V Y V Y 4

435 23 Fob UK 90 1310 V V Y V 4

436 23Rd Fo S 120 204 Y V V Y 4

417 27 Feb 5K 90 5160 Y V Y V 4

439 1 (Mr SK 20 1650 Y Y Y V 4

444 ItMaW YO (20 2460 Y V Y V 4

446 lIes ma O 90 870 V V V V 4

467 18 Aug s0 90 4710 V Y Y V 4

4681 21 Aug MP4 30 6210 Y V V V 4

46 2A& s 90 Salo V Y V Y[i40 9KV Y V V 4

473 uSp BK 30 870 V Y Y Y 4

47 5 ISep YO 30 6(60 Y Y Y N 4

1 m Y 0 6150 1 Y

% Metaoroloarcel dai a included ror all NOW.i

Note: 0I) MeAX-Min altituesame nomaninl anid coutsrici with those. hid in previously pubieh. retatescrit

They do not incude esarapolation; 10 pround level not to aibiliesy top Wtitludes

'Sat Codes DR -85)81w!, Gernisny MP - Mepper'. Oensny SO - Somir"r5 Netherantids

UR - bruz, Fruice Rill- Rodby. Deairrais TIR - Trelsm. Sirdy

ML - Mildalnhell. England S0 - Stacnella, Sicily YO. VOYevitoul. Entiland

atmospheric optical depths, aerosol directional scattering 2.0 DESCRIPTION OF DATA EASE CONTENT

characteristics, flux divergences and their attendant deter- The tape-oriented data base that is discussed in this

miflations of turbid atmosphere, single scattering albedos. eotcnan w needn u eae eso es

urements which are provided on several separate storageThe description of a transportable, machine oriented tpswoefra ilb icse ntefloigsc

data library, shown schematically in Fig. 1-1, containing lion. In this section. we will confine ourselves to a brief

the sky and terrain radiances summarized in Table 1.2, discussion of the pertinent characteristics of the measured

abstracted from Johnson (1981), and the selected con. daaielrthrhntatotesoagmdu.current profile data summarized in Table 1.3. is the sub-

jert f ths reort.The two data sets comprising this data base are

iegtof hisreprtdescribed herein as; a) the Sky and Terrain Radiance

It is important that users of these library data take Data, and b) the Scattering Coefficient and Related

full advantage of the supplementary detailed intormatioL. Meteorological Data. For convenience, the Sky and Ter-

and interpretive guides that are included in the listings of rain Radiance Data will often be referred to as the

Table 1. 1. Scanner' data, and the Scattering Coefficient and Related

.3-.

S. . . . . . . . . • .- .• . . -, . .. -... --.-, .- - . . - ., .. . . -. -.. -.. -. -. . • ..- '.- • -

Meteorological Data as the Profl1e data. As a general ý:t 1rule, the data is sorted into sub-sets identified by flight " ,.number as indicated in Tables 1.2 and 1.3. 0.9 2 1

As with all of the radiometric data associated with 0.6- /.-the reports listed in Table 1.1, the radiometric measure-ments contained in this data library may be characteized . 0.4 /by the illustrative information in Fig. 2-1 and Table 2.1. "More detailed information regarding the radiometric cali- P: 02-bration procedures applied to these data is available in %several preceding reports, AFCRL-70-0137, AFCRL-72- 400 Soo 60D 700 0 9000461, and AFGL-TR-80-0207 among others and thus willnot be included here. WAVELENGTH. (,,nm)

Users should also be aware that all flight altitudes FRI. 2.1 Standard spectral responses. Peak wavelengths are-associated with hese data sets are listed in meters above 2- 475nm Blue, 3 -660nm Red, 4 -550nm Photopic,ground level, m(AGL), and have therefore been corrected S - 750nm N.I.R.for local meteorological conditions extant at the time ofthe measurements. Table 2.2. Sky & Terrain Radiance Data

Organization Per Flight2.1 Sky and Terrain Radianc Data

As discussed in Johnson (1981) and Johnson and I. Flight Identification: Flight No., Date, Site, tic.Hering (1981), both of which should be considered com- A. Altitude Number One (See Table 1.2)panion reports to this current effort, a data set containing 1. Spectral Band No. 2 (see Fig. 2-1)nearly 500 arrays represer ting measurements of sky and a. Upper Hemisphere Radiance Arrayterrain radiance values has been developed for general b. Lower Hemisphere Radiance Arrayapplication to image propagation studies within the lower 2. Spectral Band No. 3troposphere. The arrays have been organized for storage a. Upper Hemisphere Radiance Array

tropsphre.Thearras hve eenb, Lower Hemisphere Radiance Arrayby flight number primarily, although date and site are alsolisted in the header information as will be noted in Sec- 3. Spectral Band No. 4

a. Upper Hemisphere Radiance Arraylion 3. As a general rule, the scanner data arrays ate b. Lower Hemisphere Radiance Arrayorganized as illustrated in Table 2.2. 4. Spectral Band No. S

Each of the individual arrays indicated in Table 2.2 a. Upper Hemisphere Radiance Arraycontains 1080 data points representing either an upper or b. Lower Hemisphere Radiance Arraylower hemisphere radiance distribution. Each data point B. Altitude Number Tworepresents the apparent radiance or the sky or terrain as IL"seen' by the 5FOV of one of the airborne scanning 2. san as in "A" aboradiometers described in Johnson (1981). There is a data 4.point for every 6* in azimuth and every 5* in zenith angle C. Altitude Number Threewithin each hemisphere. All azimuth notations are taken C.AliueNmrTh"with respect to the sun as illustrated in Fig. 2-2. It should 2. 1 SaPVas in"A' abowbe noted that for each entry in the data summary listed in 3.JTable 1.2, there are two data arrays in the library, one for 4.the upper hemisphere radiances, and one for the simul- D. Altitude Number Fourtaneously measured lower hemisphere radiances. I1

The radiance values included in this data library are 2. sa} , asn"A" ,bowthe same as those used to create the graphical displays 4.

Tabe 2.1. Spectral characteristics summary for AVIZ filters.

59) Oattl•ltriin Inherent Sun Propenks lIJohmon (19541 ftarltigh Aimroshet Propeni (I0 C)-

Al~t., Peek Mean Effonwt Radian~ce w1W/fl ,n Attenuation Toul Scatterng VensicaCode Wavelength Wavelenph Pusanid Irdradw~e . Length CoeiaentI Radiance

No. (nOn) (nan) (am) (W/m2pm) Amera Center (m) (per m) Tnm uiwoce ;

2 475 479 19.1 2 14E+03 3 13E+07 4.07E+07 4.184E+04 2 0187$ 81 660 664 10.2 L.SIE+03 23E0 07 275E+07 1.16+05 5.41E006 0.955550 5 57 71.5 i.900+03 2 30+1 j47E 93E+04 ]5..- 09.70

1 150 765 $04 123E+03 I 1011+07 2100+07 3 2,1! +05 3-01 0974

-4-

.. :.:...,

t I

Table 2.]!. Scattering coefficient &Related Meteorological DataOrganization Per Flight

I Flight Identification: Flight No, Date, Site, etc.

A. Profile No. I (Ascent) (See Appendix C, Fig. C-I)I. Scatt. Coefi'. in Spectral Band No. 2 (See Fig. 2-1)2. Ambient Temperature3. Dewpoint/Frostpoint Temperature4. Relative Humidity (computed)5. Absolute Pressure"6. Atmospheric Density (computed)7. Real Time

B. Profile No. 2 (Descent)1. Scatt. Coeff. in Spectral Band No 32.)to J same as in'A" abovAZ , --, 7.".:

C Profile No. 3 (Ascent)I. Scatt. Coeff in Spectral Band 4N 2.

to same as in "A" above-7.

D. Profile No. 4 (Descent)I. Scatt. Coeff. in Spectral Band 5to sani as in WA above

Fil. 2-2. Sky and terrain coordinate system. 7.

included in Johnson (1981), and Johnson and Hering Table 2.3. Due to a variety of dra processing problems,(1981), and should be used with the same caveats, there is not an exact one to one correspondence between

the scanner and profile data sets listed in Tables 1.2 andTHE DATA ARRAYS CONTAINED IN THIS 1.3. The raw data for exact correspondence exists on ori-LIBRARY HAVE NOT BEEN CORRECTED FOR THE ginal storage tapes, but has not been fully retrieved forNEAR SUN STRAY LIGHT EFFECTS AS RECOM- inclusion in this library.

MENDED IN SECTION 4 OF JOHNSON (1981), serieIt should be noted, as discussed in the earlier report* ~~~AFGL-TR-S1-0275.litdnAFG.TRgl02"S.series listed in Table 1.1, that the profile measurements

were often made over a substantial period of time, andAn example of the clear day sky and terrain radi- thus represent the spatial and temporal variabilities occur-

ance distributions that may be extracted from these data ring along a flight track roughly 20 to 30 miles long, overarrays is shown in Appendix A for flight C-379. These a period of 30 to 120 minutes in time. A brief descriptiongraphical displays have been abstracted from Johnson and of the flight profile used to collect these data has beenHering (1981) as a convenient reference for the reader. abstracted froni AFGL-TR-80-0207, Johnson and GordonThe software required to create these displays is not (1980) and is reproduced as Appendix C.included as part of this report. The radiometric portion of the profile data contains

2.2 Vertl Profile Dmeasurements of total volume scattering coefficient as ag ac ta function of altitude in each of the spectral hands indicated

During each of the data flights listed in Table 1.2, in Table 1.3.there were radiometric and meteorological measurements The meteorological portion of the profile data con-

conducted at fixed altitudes as well as during ascent and"descent modes. The data which were associated with the wains measurements of ambient temperature,ascets nd dscets f th aicraf hae ben pocesed dewpoint/frostpoint temperature, and absolute pressure." ascents and descents of the aircraft have been processed The meteorological measurements were made simultane-and reported in a series of preceding reports which are ously with the radiometric set, and are thus listed in asso-listed in Table I.I. However, most of these ascent and ciation with a specific spectral band for temporal synchron-descent data, i.e. profile data, are also included as part of ization. although real time +data at one second intervalsthe general purpose library described herein. These profile was also included in the original raw data sets.data, summarized in Table 1.3, are contained on aseparate data tape from the radiance arrays and thus can In both sets, the specific altitude above ground levelbe conveniently used either with or without the larger has been calculated from measurements of absoluteradiance data set. atmospheric pressure, and the mean ground elevation as

As with the scanner radiance data, these profile data determined from local navigation charts.also have been organized for storage by flight number. Although the profile data points are all listed at evenThe data available for each flight is summarized in 30m altitude intervals, users should be aware that the data

.5-:::

.- + -. '

values represent the average of several measurements The description of variable names in Fig. 3-1taken throughout that interval. Scattering coefficient includes several which may need clarification. In file one,measuremenis were collected at a rate of four samples per record one, word 5, "MODE!, refers to the flight patternIsecond, and meteorological data were collected at a rate or from which the data were derived. 'These modes aretwo samples per second during all ascents and descents. defined in Appendix C and are used only for extractionThe aircrafts average rate at ascent/descent throughout validation checks at an earlier level of processing. Thethie lower 3 km AGL was approximately 1200 feet per same is true of word 6, 'IEVENT". This chronologicalminute (-6 meters/sec). index ties the data array to a specific occurrence in the oni-

Also included in the profile data listings are values ginal in-flight control log. Neither "mode' nor 'eventN for several derived quantities. Relative humidity has been number' information is necessary for subsequent applica-.calculated from the ambient and dewpointffrostpcint tem- tions of these data. Word 11. "IFILTER!, identifies the

*perature measurements, and atmospheric density has been spectral band in which the measurements were made andcalculated from the temperature and pressure measure- is d~efined by the spectral curves shown in Fig. 2-1.ments. In file two, record one, word 6. *IDENT2". specifies

An example of the measured profile data for flight the beginning of the measurement interval for the speacfiC-379 is illustrated in Appendix B. These plots of scatter- array being listed. The times listed are all in Greenwiching coefficient, ambient temperature and computed relative Mean Time (GMT). For most of the data contained inhumidity have been abstracted from AFGL-TR-77-0078. this library, the measurement interval for any single arrayDuntley et al. 0917). The software for producing these was ISO seconds, during which time, the aircraft wasplots is not included as part of this report, maintaining a straight and level flight altitude at an indi-

*Users should also note that the profile listings in cated airspeed ot 150 kr~ots. Word 9. 'ITYPE* defines an* this library do not include extrapolations above or below instrumentation set-up which controlled the airborne

the last measured data point. Thus those daba points scanner's azimuthal rate, and thus the overall systemsreported in previous reports (Table 1.) which werc angular precision. For the data in this library, the type

*parenthetica' i.e. representing extrapolations, are not code will always be *3 ind~cating an original azimuthal;resent in this data library. Deletions from the original resolution of 0.6* per data sample which has been aver-data base for instrumentation reasons are likewise zeroe aged to yield one ddLa point every six degrees. Word 13,out, and have not been re-initepolated. 'ISTRALiT' refers to whether or not the stray light

correction procedure recommended in an earlier report,AFGL-TR-81-0275, Johnson (1981) has been imple-

THE ATALISING CONAIND I TIIts mirnted. This correction hass not been made to the data inLIBRARY HAVE NOT BEEN CORRECTED FOR -

THE IGH ALTTUD BIA INUCE BY thi . library, and thus all arrays should indicateINCOMPLETE AERODYNAMIC PURGING OF ItAT-..THE AIRBORNE INTEGRATING NEPlIELOME- In file two, record four, there are two zenith angleTER AS DISCUSSED IN SECTION 2.3 OF JOHN- entries associated with each data point, 'AVERAGE' andSON AND FITCH (1981), AFGL-TR-82-0049. "NOMINAL". As discutqsed in Johnson (1981) from

which Table 3.1 hits been abstracted, the airbornescanner s operating pattern called for constant zenith angle

3.0) DESCRIPTION OF DATA BASE TAPE FORMAT %etting, i.e. 'NOMINAL' disring each ten second azimu-The primary goals guiding the development of this thaI revolution. For a variety of electra-mechanical and

data library were maximum portability, i.e. machine aerodynamic reasons, this setting was not maintainedindependence and simplicity of retrieval. Consequently, exactly. The exact zenith angle analog was recorded at a 4both the tape format and the FORTRAN retrieval codes sample/sec rate during each flight, and the average ofillustrated iii Appendix D and Appendix E have been these actual settings for each revolution is listed in thisslanted toward basic simplicity rather than maximum data library as the' A.VER AGE.efficiency in dat3 packing and retrieval techniques. Both Asmlr o h~trsre fcmet sasthe *scanner' data and the 'profile' data are stored on 9~ appropriate io Fig. 3-2 which describes the "profie' data.track tapes xi 1600 BPI in standard ASCII notation. In the profile data comments, file one, record three, words

As a cor~venience to the reader, the title and intro- 4, 5. and 9, MODE, IEVENT, and IFILTR have the sameductocy commen! sections from the appendicized retrieval connotation as with the scanner data. However, word I I -

rouwtnes have been reoroduced as Fig. 3-I which describes "IHIPUROF, refers to an upper altitude correction pro-the 'scanner" data, and Fig. 3-2 which describes the cedure for only the scattering coefficient daba as discussedprofile" data. Where-as the information provided in these in Johnson (1981). This correction has not been made to

figures is gem-~ ally self-explanatory. a few supplementary the data in this library, and thus all profile sats shouldremarks may bt. ,ppropriate- indicate 'IHIPURGP' -0.

-6-

I~aSSS~sS~uSaSSa~s$st~a~s~sSSSASSSKSSSSSSSSES SSSSSSS sS~~mSSuStaw1S7SSI.-a, a-sS T~

SCANNER SKYITERRAIN DAT SCATTERG COEFFICIENT AND RELATED

TAPE STRUCTURE MTOO.GCLDT*(1600 sPI. 9 TRACK. ASCII) TAPE STRUCTUREI

FILE It (FILE I GIVES SUMMARY Or FLIGHTS) (1600 OPI. 9 TRACK, ASCII)RECORD II(RfCORD 1 1S REPEATED 'KFILES' TIMES)EFILES .......... TOTAL NUMSER OF FILES FILE 11IYR ............ YEARREOD1MONTH ........... MONTH"EODFRA(OIIDAY ... DA............. D.NoDE.......................RO4DE IDENTIFICATION FLIGHT NUMBER, TRACK 10. DATE.... .FORMAT(IOA1)IEVIENT..................... EVENT WUNDER RECORD isIIHA................. I..... ..HOUR ITEAR............. I.....................TYEARI........................ MINUTES MONTH.................................. MONTH

SPEC........... I............ SECONDS COAT ................................ DAYALI........................ ALTITUDE (niTERS AOL) MODE...................................NMODE IDIFILTER..................... FILTER NUMBER JEYENT................................. EVENT NURDER

FORMAT(9I5.FtO.G. 151 ]HOUR.................................. HOUR

"NI#.................................... MINUTESRECORD 21 ISEC...................................SE4CONDS ITITLE Of DATA............... FORMAT(SOAI) IFLYR .......................FILTER NURBER

* RECOR 31 NOA..............OTAL NURDER OF 00ATA RECORDSRLCORD N3t RDT.LCEORTSA MOIPAT.HI..ALITUE.URS.C...C.ORECORD NMtA[PAC.FRA(0I 4:PUD (.N....HIGHOLIYEUR9CORCTOGECOGRAD I 4 OITO OF TRCK . FRMAYSOARECOGRDPI POITO OFORAC .... IIIS)AI

OF REPORT REFERENCES............ FORNAT(e0AI)REOD4

GEOGRAPHIC POSITION.................. FORMAT (0O41)FILE 21FILE 2 DIVES UPPER HEMISPHERE HEADER ONE, RECORD 5I

HEADER 2,AZIMUTH ANGLES ZENITH ANGLES. REFERENCE MUNDERS.................... FORMAT (6OAt)SCANNER DATA (REPEATED FOR LOWER MEMISPHERE) R.ECORD 41 (REPEAT RECORD 6 FOR 'MDAT' RECORDS) -

IALT ................ ALTITUDE IN REMETR (AOL)*RECORD 1: TEMP.................... TEMPERNTUREl IN DEGREES C* JNEMIS.............. HEMISPHERE DEWTIMP................. DEWPOINTYFROSTPOINT IN

If IF................TYEAR DEGREES CMONTH............... MONTH RH....................... RELATIVE UNMIDITY(PERCENT)IDAY................ DAY PRESS................... PRESSURE IN MILLIBARSZEVENT.............. EVENT NURSER DENS.................... DENSITY IN KILOGRAMS PER

*IDENT2............... DATA START TIRE (HR.MIN.SEC)ORT CUBIC METERS*ALT............. ALtITUDE(MIETERS ASOYL GiROUND LEVEL) SCAT.................... SCATTERING COEFFICIENT IN*IFLIR............... FILTER WNUMER INVERSE MEItERS*ITYPE............... TYPE CODE ITIME................... TIME (3HR.MIR.SEC.)

(3.SCAN RATE Of 10 REVOLUTIONS GREENWICH MEAN TIME (OMT)AT t0 SEC/REV) FOkRAI(I! &EII.4,17)

*IAXIS....... I..... ..AXIS CODE

T2AZIMUTH RELATIVE TO SUN) REPEAT FILE I FOR ALL FILTERSSUNA!............... SUN AZIMUTH ErIF

4AHOLE IN DEGREES TRUE) AIH.SSSSSRWSSSOSSSSSS;BAAA6SSUNZH............... SUN ZENITH

(ANGLE IN DEGREEES*ISTRALIT ...........SUN ZONE LIGHT CORRECTION Fg. 3-2. Scattering coefficient andJ related mneteorological.

(0.NOI aYES) f(Ouln ot".* ORMAT(A4,412,P.,F7.O,312,2FT.I .12)

RECORD 21FLIGHT.IRACK NAMECGVNTRY,DATE ....FORMAT(51A1) T31

RECORD 3: ale31 Automatic2v scanster sweep pattern.*IAZIMUTHS .. .. AZIMUTH FROM SUN (60 VALUES)

RECORD 4: FOAT(04Cowal*AVERAGE ZENITH ANGLE, NOMINAL ZENITH ANGLE AzimuthI Ewmion Upparlignispike LOW$(gn fliemi olm

(I0 PAIRS OF VALUES) Revoluton No. Angle Zunith AIg Zenith AnsleFORMAT(36F 6.2)

RECORD S (REPEAT RECORD 3. 60 TIMES) .?8.SCANNER DATA................ (IS VALUES)27. .S9.

FORMAT(SE II .4) 27 25

REPEAT RECORDS I THRU 5 (Of FILE 2) FOR SECOND HEMISPHERE 3 12.5* 7.?17.5' 12

[OF 5 2.51 47.5? 112.?*6 27Y' 62.?* 117.51

REPEAT FILE 2 FOR 'KFILES' FOR ONE FLIGHT 73?5. 2.

REPEAT FILE I AND PILE 2 FOR EACH FLIGHT S 17.50 52Y? 127.59 42.?* 47.? 132.91

*IIAH6ISSSISSSSSISASSUIISS~ssuSBASS;g*,10t 47.5? 42.?5 137.5'

1 II 52.50 37.?1 142-S'nog. 3-1. Sky and terrain radiance frm~lat notes. 12 57Y5 325' 147.?*

13 62.Y Z7.30 152.?014 67.Y 22-Y 157.?0is 72.Y 17.Y 162.5116 77.Y 12.5? 167.Y17 52.3' 7.?5 172.?*is 17.50 2.?1 177.? L

% -.7.e

2..

4.0 SAMPLE EXTRACTION PROCEDURE For example, consider the data point outlined in

The data storage tapes referred to in Fig. 1.1 and group E.

"" commented upon in Section 3, can be accessed using thecomputer routines contained in Appendix D and a. The radiance value is 0,5594E+03 W/cnm2 .Appendix E. In keeping with the desire for simplicity, the b. The azimuth angle relative to the sun for this"output produced by these routines is relatively spartan, but data point is 6 degrees; since it is in the secondfor most initial retrievals quite adequate. azimuth group as identified in B.

An annotated sample of the sky radiance array c The Zenith angle for this data point is 33.9-(UHS) for Right C-378, as produced by program READ- degrees since it is in the fourth position of theSCAN is illustrated in Fig. 4-1. Similarly, an annotated second row as identified in C. Note that the

sample of the scattering coefficient and related meteoro- equivalent 'NOMINAL" value is 27.5 degrees. .- .logical profile data for Rlight C-378, as produced by pro-gram READPROF, is illustrated in Fig. 4-2. A default code, 'E+23' will appear its the last four

characters in a radiance value to indicate that the radiome-ter was offaicale, beyond its maximum measureable radi-

4.1 Sky & Terrain Radiance Arrays ance.

The following explanatory remarks, directed towardan initially naive user, are related to the sample display of 4.2 Scatterng Ceeflideat andFig. 4-1, and are complemented by the format notes in .-u-s'P-Fil. 31.Related meteorollegkoll pr .Fig. 3-1.

The following explanatory remarks, also directedA. This introductory table summarizes all of the radiance ward an initially naive user, are reated to the sample

array data that is available for any given flight. The display of Figl. 4.2, and are complemented by the forsat

entries, defined in file one, record one, of Fig. 3-1, dis of Fig. 4-2, "am-dt a

should coincide on a one-to-one basis with the entriesin Table 1.2. Users should recall that for every line There are no introductory tables associated with theentry in this introductory table, 4-1A, there will be two profile data listings due to the simplicity of the listin&. For rdata arrays on the storage tape. One upper hemisphere each flight there will be one profile array for each spectral

array and one simultaneously measured lower hemi- bard in which scattering coefficients were made, as listedsphere array. in Table 1.3. The appropriate spectral band is identified in

B. This two line array identifies the sixty discrete azimuth each array's header information as shown by the notation,angles associated with the radiance data which follows. A, in Fig. 4.2. 4'Notice that the array is ordered such that the zero As illustrated in Fig. 4-2, the profile data is ordereddegrees azimuth is with respect to the solar position, according to altitude as listed in Col 1. For each altitudeand thus for this array is equivalent to 146.7 degrees presented, there will be an associated value for each of thetrue, as indicated in the header two lines above, parameters shown in Section F of Fig. 3-2, induding the

C. This two line array identifies the eighteen discrete zen- time at which the measurements were made.ith angles associated with the radiance set which fol- Thus, for example, consider the row of data pointslows. Notice that there are two entries in this array for identified by the notation, B.each of the eighteen zenith angle increments in the From Col. I: the attitude of the measurements was I 500mradiance array; the first being the "AVERAGE zenith AGL. ,angle, and the second being the "NOMINAL'. Notethat the listed 'NOMINAL" values, 87.50, 82.50, From Col. i.: the measured value of ambient temperature"77.50, etc. are always in accordance with the design was 0.7'C.specification listed in Table 3.3, but for the reasons From CoL. IV: the computed value of relative humiditymentioned in Section 3, the true average values will was 92%.vary slightly during any given flight. From Col. VII., the me.asured value of sca ttering ''

D. This two line array represents the first of sixty which F . t e do tcontain the actual radiance measurements. Each entry coefficient in filter 2 was 2.6695E-04 n-', which is reliable

is identified by its corresponding azimuth and zenith to only three significant figures. Ii. 2.67F..04 m-.angle entry in B and C. Thus, since the radiance data From Col. VIII: the time at which the measurements wereis ordered by increasing azimuth angle, this first group made was 9 hrs. 59 min. 38 sec. Greenwich Mean Time.of eighteen radiance points are all at azimuth zero Users should be aware that although the values con-degrees. The second group E, are all at azimuth six tained in these listings are recorded to five significantdegrees, etc. as indicated by the sequence listed in B. figures, as a formatting convenience, this precision is far

Within each azimuth group, i.e. D or E. etc., the beyond that appropriate for the transducers involved.eighteen data points are identified in terms of their Experimental reliability beyond two or three significantzenith angle by the "AVERAOE entries shown in figures is not to be expectedC. 11

•4'.

Z", 000 0 00

in -0 -

00 00 0:

0. S

00 2. 011 "

so O M 01 ) to1 d C.M A 4f to

on v! 00 00 00 00 00 0 0 00 00

- ft * o f

lo : ?? 00 00 00 00 00 .0

Psi v;C IW ft 11 mN @4 o4 00.4

-1 V1M SM SM S CM @1 14

~ @ M 00 @0 00 @0 00 00 0 0

0 " A " 4 M. .0 0 00 00 00 00 00 000 NA . CC w C W C ** w. wC O %- * @0 . to4 4.W W

N -. I @ f! Sb SC O) ..0 ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 00 0 s o* "0 00 00 00 00b 004

%.;a 0~,' o 0 00 0I 00 00 00 00 4* C . C C C . C CNIPC C ;C * *.

i as 1" " w-we t!. we. we~h 1. we. w weI

r 0 00 00 00 0 00 00a 0

to CO 0 -M aM MM MMaMM M

-M 0,1 o a4 1M .0 '

to toY 4 to so 14 N *a "NC C C C

a- *a * 00 0N oC Do 4 o a* 0 Q0

A L. 61 to fP w!? ftn on "C fi MN "4 0o 00 0 0 000 0o 00

salealo e. AC).CC~~~~~~ v.M too 1!4 M O C 0 4 N

e H IIMCf 14 NW 14 t

% I

SCATPlFiN,. CUL .•L!rlE4T ANM, I-:LATCI, R(OfktLOGI-AIL CIArA Pi I -*I

88FLIGNT C-318 TAKiN AT &0DDYHVM ON~h 21Mf 1~0 2 PAT12976 -PI R=2 4

76 t 12 7 &19 5 28 M 2 0(N) 9=3i

TRACI. MIE-OlI N1* 54 .68 2,10.8. 11.23 DEG.E Pik S4R(IORT .(V:AFGL-Tr6-82_&25. AFOL-Tk-81-0317, AF"31-T.--82-0049, AFGL-r*-71-023.

I2 9c6- 1l00-3.20311-31--.3170t*00 '.7636(9C1 e.1012Et02 1.0344E+00 6.itd4t-0. 1000341770-4.1518i-01-1.7I2/(9+0 8.89 17v1: 8,1374*CI 1.03941,00 6.(,.92.05 100027

1740-1.76146-01-2.8922E*00 7.96051401 8.17341:02 2.04394[00 6.1627 -05 1000237 7.6923[*02-2.75021400 7.26851E01 6.199510'" 1.0455t00 6.C216-05 2I002-

1660 9.2301-02- .45109r00 5.28741C01 0.2121 402 2.0470(Z00 1.99922-0S 100022

1650 4,6154E-02-.9210E÷O0 5.0937[101 8.2445(402 ..05731E000 755631-O5 100002 '

3620 4.6:54E-0 2ý- .490214*00 E'.2869(401 0.2 47(402 .0577e+00 '.0526C-04 100002

1590 5.93413-02-2.61921400 0.0122C401 0.3070E#02 1.0592E+00 1.4730( 04 95954 ,

1560 1,6462E-02--6.So.2L-01 ".4410E+01 6.3470E402 1.064S3100 1.6434E-04 959491530 2.2500£-01-6.3725E-01 v.3361E*02 9.3846&402 2.0651[400 2.1004E-04 95941

(&-'5S00 7.07691-01-3.921&E-01 9.19931401 S.40021402 1.06961400 2.66951-04 9593U

1470 6.92311-02 0.00001400 9.S04C1401 0.44951402 1.0749(400 2.8972E-04 95937

1440 9.3462E-01 .30049-01 -.1'24E401 8.4641(40E: .075•E(00 ;.9221E:04 95!29

1420 1.08929[00-1.3405E-01 I.14122E01 8.501[#02 I .08001400 2.91051-04 959241330 1.4000(900-4. 24844-01 8.72781:01 8.5296(402 .082 (400 1.0124E-04 95921

13b0 1.5373(400 9.5634E-02 9.005 0(0 8.5644,902 2.0062(900 3.07361-04 959161320 1.740'f#00 J.315AC-02 W.83104,01 9.60021402 1.09091400 2.9661t-04 95909

1290 1.907(;400-3.59496-01 E.4641(402 8.2261U,02 1.0925(40012.600&*P4 95906

1260 2.2?8'914O-2.195*(-¢" 8.-8204012 t.65961402 1.0950(400 2.7439[-04 9585-

1230 2.8154E+00 8.16331-0i 0.6467E901 8.6972•(02 1.0979(400 .'.0871[-04 95856

1200 2.9644E+00 5.4422E-01 8.4129F#01 8.7251[402 1.1000[400 2.95649-04 9554V

1170 3.5723(400 :.8571E-01 7.9048(401 8.'570([402 1.10241400 2.91691-04 95844

W U EL IV V Vi Vo VM'

Ax. TWO [Iu taSmhw A1. AimW. .. rimUAOL (_0 TOWp. 3 94 o cow .O,'-

Fit. 4- Annotated sample output: Scatteria cng ui M related m~sworolaglmal data.

S. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT-This report has been prepared for the Air Force ADA 751 936, Universty of Califomri, San Diego,

. Geophysics Laboratory under Contract No. F19628.82-C- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Visibility% 0060. The authors wish to thank the members or the Laboratory. .

Visibility Laboratory technical staff for their amistance inpreparing these data, and in particular to acknowledge the Dundey, S.Q., R.W. Johnson, and J.1. Gordon (1975),contributions of Ms. Alicia 0. Hill, Mr. John C. Brown, "Airborne Mesuremnnts of Optical Atmosphericand Mr. James Rodnguez, our specialists in computer Properties, Summary an Review fl," SIO Red. 75-

assisted document preparation. 26 , AFCRL-Th73-0457, N7IS No. ADA 022 675,University of California, San Diego, Scripps Institu-

6.0 REFERENCES tion of Oceanolraphy, Visibility Laboratory.

Duntley, S.Q., R.W. Johnson, J.I. Gordon. and A.R.Boileau (1970), "Airborne Measurements of Optical Duntley, S.Q., R.W. Johtson, and J.I. Gordon (1977),Atmospheric Properties at Night," SIO Ref. 70-7. "Airborne Measurements of Atmospheric VolumeAFCRL-70-0137, NTIS No. AD 870 734, University Scattering Coefcents in Northern Europe, Springof California, San Diego, Scripps Institution of 1976," SIO Ref. 77.8, APOL-TR-77-O078, NTIS No.Oceanography. Visibility Laboratory. ADA 046 290, University of California, San Diego,

Scripps Institution or Oceanography, VilsbiityDuntley, S.Q., R.W. Johnson, and J.1. Gordon (1972a), Laboratory.

"Airborne Measurements of Optical AtmosphericProperties in Southern Germany," SIO Ref. 72-64, Hering, W.S. (1982), "An Operational Technique For

• AFCRL-72-0255, NTIS No. ADA 747 490, Univer- Estimating Visible Spectrum Contrast Transmit-sity of California, San Diego. Scripps Institution of tance," SO Ref. 82-1, APOL-TR.81.0198, NTISOceanography, Visibility Laboratory. No. ADA I11 323, University of California, Sen

"Diego, Scripps Institution of Ooean.paphy, VisibilityDuntley, S.Q., R.W. Johnson, and J.I. Gordon (1972b), Laboratory.

L *"Airborne and Ground-Based Measurements of Opt-ical Atmospheric Properties in Central New Max- Johnson, F.S. (1954), "The Solar Constant," A. Mtor.,ico," SO Ref. 72-71, AFCRL-72-0461, NTIS No. 11, pp. 431-439.

-10-

• • .~ .. . .. • •..*.... .,. . .. . . . - , - . . • .,. .. .-. .- -.. - ., . *--, ,, -, *,, ... .. ,-. . ". , ',- ,• - , •,.%-'

Johnson, R.W. and J.1. Gordon (1980). "Airborne Meas- Johnson. R.W. (1981), "Airborne Measurements of

urenients of Atmospheric Voue Scattering European Sky adTranRdacs SORf 2

Coeffiients in Northern Europe, Summer, 1978," 2. AFGL-TR-81-0275, NTIS No. ADA 114 637.

SIO Ref. W020, AFGL-TR-SO-02O7. NTIS No. ADA University of California, San Diego. Scripps Institu-

097 134, University of California, San Diego, Scripps tion of Oceanography, Visibility Laboratory.

Institution of Oceanography, Visibility Laboratory.

Johnson, R.W. and B.W. Fitch (198111), "A Review of Johnson, R.W. and W.S. Hering (1982), "An Analysis of

Measured Atmospheric Optical Properties and Their Natural Variations In European Sky and Terrain ..

Contemporary Aerosol Size Distributions." SIO Ref. Radiance Measurements," S10 Ref. 82-.6 AFGL-

82-22. AFGLI1R-82-0049, NTIS No, ADA 123 940. TR-81-0317, NTIS No. ADA 120 487, University of ..

University of California, San Diego, Scripps Institu- California, San Diego. Scripps Institution of

tion of Oceanography, Visibility Laboratory. Oceanography. Visibility Laboratory.

k* %.

S1

APPENDIX A

a b

LEG END0IO 0PHI- 0-1111D

'E 10- 0&. M i

.22

ZENITH ANGLE (Degrees) ZENITH ANGLE (Degree)

* os to, * .c %

A -1HI -90&.270 0-PIIO27

tFite . 4 4 9 *-3

1I02

to,'

OD to,

-1 0 -135 .00 -45 0 45 90 135 10 .1% -90 -45 0 4s 40 lieZENITH ANGLE (Degrees) ZENITH ANGLE (Degee)

6 b

Fig. A-1. Flight C-379 (Rodby, Denmark), dewr sky ower ouan with glitter 300m AOL.(Fig. I-7 from AFGL.TR-81-0317)

.12-

APPENDIX 3

FLIGHT C-379

STMOOL FILTER* 2

.44

33

94A

a!

a 0 t 4

TOTAL VOLUME SCRTTERING COEFFICIENT (PERt M)

5FLIGHT C-379 FLIGHT C-379

SYN8G.. FILTER ST"OOL FILTER2 2

SS ..

* 6'AA

-13

APPENDIX C

FLIGHT PROFILE SUMMARY

AIRBORNE SYSTEM

The data collection sequence for the airborne system systems. The simultaneous measurement of a corn-was broken into five standardized elements: (1) preflight mon uniform segment of sky by these three radloe-.warnup and calibration check, (2) straight and level ters had top priority. Two X-CAL climbs were saod-sequences, (3) vertical profile sequences, (4) in-flight cali- ated with each standard profile, one preceding the firt"bration checks, and (5) post-flight calibration check. STALV run and the second followin the last SThLV

An illustration of the typical flight pattern, which run. Both sky mode and sun mode measurements -.

was used for most flights, is shown in Fig. C-1. In this were made with the UHS system.

stylized pattern, two basic elements, the straight and level -rn t(ST&LV) and the vertical profile (V-PRO), were com- Durin the 4.minute X-CAL dlmb the airceaf main-bined to ield the total mission flight plan. Adescription taned a fixed heading, with the sun in the aft hem,of these two pattern elements and the calibration elements sphere, and a S-degree nos-high fight attitude. Theis detailed in APCRL-72-0255, Duntley ef a. (1972a), aircraft was flow directly toward the dearest and mastmodified in AFCRL-TR-75-0457, Duntley et al. (1975b), uniform portion of the sky as was practiceal.

and summarized in the followinS paragrphs. 4. Calibration Blocks (A/D CAL), Mode 00, M.CAL,Mode 01, N-CAL, Mode 09 - The 32--eond blocks of

1. Straight and Level runs (ST&LV), Mode 03 - The calibration data were insefrted periodically throughoutST&LV runs were primarily 2w scanner runs. The the entire data mission. They were designed to providemeasurement of upper and lower hemisphere radiance calibration update information to the post-figoht corn-distributions had top priority. One sky mode scanner puter processing sequences. Thee are 21 nasorted call-pattern (192 seconds) plus one sun mode scanner pat- bration blocks ausocated with each standard profile.tern (64 seconds) were run at each altitude with each LI

of two optical filters. During these calibration blocks there were no project-imposed requirements upon aircraft speed or attitude. .,

"Sky Mode and *Sun Mode- refer to procedural adjutt. GNERAL FLIGHT PATTERNments which were made to enable radiometric mess- G FG P T

urements of acceptable fidelity in the high gradient In this profile, ST&LV data runs were made using --

regions of the solar aureole. In "Sky Mode two different spectral filters at sac of four altitudes. Theconfiguration, radiometric sensitivity was adjusted to ascent V-PRO was made using the AMrst of the two filters,optimize measurement of sky radiances far removed, and the descent V-PRO was made using te second. Alter

- -e.g. > 30', from the solar disc. Conversely, in "Sun the descent V-PRO, the entire sequence was repeatedMode', sensitivity was reduced to enable direct solar using a second pair of filters.disc and aureole measurements at the expense of the The idealized flt profile would result in all groundoff-sun regions, tracks falling on a single flne running between the Initial

Point (I.P.) and the Turning Point (T.P.). In practice, theDuring STALV runs the aircraft maintained a fixed STALV elements were actually stacked in a dab of atmo-heading. a constant indicated airspeed of !SO knots or sphere approximately 30 miles (46 kn) long, 0.5 mile (0.8 "'less, and a 2.5 degree nose-high flight altitude. kin) wide, and 4 miles (6.4 kin) high.

2. Vertical Profile runs (V-PRO), Mode 07 - The V-PRO Periodically, in response to specialized data require-runs were primarily integrating nephelometer and vati- ments of weather conditions, supplementary flight patternstable path function meter runs. The measurement of were added to the mission profile. For example, a patternthe total scattering coefficient profile had top priority, made up of a (2+3) profile, i.e., two spectral filters at '0Second priority was measurement of the vertical path each of three altitudes was used as was a (2+2) poffile,function profile. Each V-PRO ascent or descent was i.e., two spectral filters at each of two altitudes. Both themade using a single filter. (2+3) and (2+2) profies ame generally considered low to

medium altitude profiles., and were normally used onDuring the V-PRO runs the aircraft maintained a fixed fights performed under a full overcast or low to inter-heading, with the sun off the left wingtip, and a flight mediate level cloud deocks. Three flights consisted ofattitude not exceeding 4 degrees nose down or 8 V-PRO climb outs, supplemented with only directionaldegrees nose up. An average rate of climb or descent scattering measurements at the minimum and maximum ,'.of 1200 feet/minute was optimum, and airspeed was altitudes. '..",, -not critical, but remained constant once established. At the conclusion of each mission, the radiometric

3. Cros-Calibration Climbs (X-CAL), Mode 08 - The data which were recorded and stored on magnetic tapeX-CAL climbs were specifically designed to validate the were returned to the Visibility Laboratory for computerperformance of the UHS, LHS. and ERT radiometer reduction and analysis.

Mom• o.. . °. . .

APPINDIR C

I-CALMl-CA.

S-CM. S

WC- ¾

I 5-.(3000*CAL &CAL~

106W ft 1310)

a CAL

N-Cl. .

000

U-CAL l~ 02.

-0-

Fig. C-1. Typkica Visibility LAbotmtory Right Profile.(Fig. 4-1 from APOL-TR-80-020'7)

APPENDIX D

C TITLE:c READSCAN .... ........ FORTRAN PROGRAM

c PURPOSE:C READ SCANNER TRANSMITTAL TAPE OF SUN/TERRAIN DATA

I-.. ,,,.

C St'hNIIER SKY/TERRAIN DATACr' TAPE STRUCIUREC 160cO BPI, 9 TRACK, ASCII)C tCillL REI OF:IS : 240 r:YTES).C ,.-"-.

CL; FILL 1: .FILE 1 GIVES SUMMAF:Y OF FLIGHTS),PECOR'I 1:(RECUF1D 1 IS REPEATED "KFILES" TIMES)

C KF ILES ................... TOTAL NUMBER OF FILESC 'IR ............... ..... YEAR, M(.,UNI H............ ........ MONTH

C IDIAY .... ......... ...... DAYMODE .. .. ........ ...... MODE IDENTIFICATION

C IEVENT ............ .. .... EVENT NUMBER" IHR .... .... ..... ...... HOUR

C MIN .... ............... MINUTESC ISEr . ..... . . ...... * SECONDS - "

C ALT. .................... ALTITUDE (METERS AGL)C IFILTER .R................... FILTER NUMBERC FORMAT(915,FI0.0pI5)

C RECORD 2:C TITLE OF DATA ............. FORMAT(BOA1)C RECORD 3 :..-,.

C FLIGHT NUMBERDATE,PLACE. .FORMAT(BOA1)C RECORD 4:C GEOGRAPHIC POSITION OF TRACK ..... FORMAT(BOA1)C RECORD 5 : WC REPORT REFERENCES.,........ FORMAT(BOA1)c EOF

_C FILE 2FILE 2 GIVES UPPER HEMISPHERE HEADER ONE,C HEADER 2,AZIMUTH ANGLES, ZENITH ANGLES,C SCANNER DATA (REPEATED FOR LOWER HEMISPHERE)LC RECORD 1,.C JHEMIS .......... HEMISPHEREC IYR .. .. .. ..... . YEARC MONTH ...... ..... .MONTHC IDAY# ... .. . ... . . .DAY

C IEVENT ......#....EVENT NUMBERc IDENT2 ........... DATA START TIME (HRMIN.SEC)OMTC ALT......... .ALTITUDE(METERS ABOVE GROUND LEVEL)C IFLTR..,......... FILTER NUMBERC ITYPE ............ TYPE CODEC (3=SCAN RATE OF 18 REVOLUTIONSC AT 10 SEC/REV)C IAXIS*..&....,.,,•AXIS CODEC (2=AZIMUTH RELATIVE TO SUN)

- 16•" .°- " - ." o ." " * . " . ." . " o " "° "o "o -° -. . -° - ° ._" . .

APP1N4DIX D p

C SUNAZ........... SUN AZIMUTHC (ANGLE IN DEGREES TRUE)C SUNZN.............SUN ZENITHC (ANGLE IN DEGREES)C ISTRALIT.......... SUN ZONE LIGHT CORRECTION B,...C (O=NO,1=YES)C FORMAT(A4,4I2, I7,F7,O,3I2,2F7,11,I2)L

RECORD 2"C FLICHT,91RAt"K IAMECOUNTRY,[DATE....FORMAT(BIA1)C RECORD 3: pC IAZ[MUTIHS ...... AZIMUTH FROM SUN (60 VALUES)c FORMAT(6014)C RECORD 4:C AVERAGE ZENITH ANGLE, NOMINAL ZENITH ANGLEC (18 PAIRS OF VALUES)c FORMATl(36F6.2)C RECORD 5 (REFEAT RECORD 5p 60 TIMES)C SCANNER DATA .............. (18 VALUES)C FORMAT(1SE11 ,4)

C C PEFEAT RECORDS 1 THRU 5 •OF FILE 2) FOR SECOND HEMISPHERE •:..

EOF

SC REPEAT FILE 2 FOR 'KFILES' FOR ONE FLIGHTcC REFEAT FILE 1 AND FILE 2 FOR EACH FLIGHT

C PROGRAMMERC MIRIAM K. OLEINIKC VISIBILITY LABORATORYc SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHYC UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN DIEGO

C{ ** NOTE **..C TAPE INPUT FUNCTIONS ARE COMPUTER SYSTEMS DEPENDENTC

DIMENSION ZA(18),ZN(1) 'IAZIMUTH(60),ITITLE(240)-I DATA (18), JERROR(240)

DATA NFLIGHT/l/DATA LUW/6/

Cc NFLIGHT = TOTAL FLIGHTS TO READC LUW = LOGICAL UNIT FOR OUTPUT PRINTER

"C LUTAP1 IS LOGICAL UNIT OF Ill RECORDS

C LUTAPE IS LOGICAL UNIT OF DATA RECORDS

"LUTAP1=80LUTAPE=60

C LOOP FOR TOTAL FLIGHTSC

DO 4000 IFLIGHT =INFLIGHT

r:-: ~.17-':

.: --.* .-. *.. * -- .*.--..- * . *,,. .* ;' ¾* .* -. .. .. . .* .1 - - .

APPENDIX D

CC OPEN FILE FOR ID RECORDSc

OFEN(UNIT=LUTAPIPRECORDSIZE=240,TYPE='OLD')C

C READ IDENTIFICATION RECORD (1)C

IFILE =1

100 FORIIAT(9I5pFl0.0rl5)200 CONTINUE

READ(LUTAP1.100.ERR=320)KFILESPIYRMONTHPIDAY.MODE,1 IEVENTrIHRtM'NrISECrALTtIFILTER

rFILE = IFILE + IURITE(LUU,300)KFILES.IYRdIONTH.IDAY.MODE.IEVENTPIHRP

1 MINISECvALTPIFILTER300 FORMAT< 1XY9I5pF1O0. 15)

60 TO 340 ILCC ERROR IN READY READ IN ALPHA AND PRINTC

320 IJRITE(LUWP7010)BACKSPACE LUTAPiREAD(LUTAP1 .970) (JERROR(JA) ..A=1 .60)WRITE(LUWr550)(JERROR(JA)PJA=1.60)

CC TEST IF END OF ID RECORD (1) READC

340 IF(IFILE.GT.KFILES)GO TO 400C 0O READ NEXT ID RECORD

GO TO 200400 CONTINUE

* C*C READ IDENTIFICATION RECORD (2)

C3DO 600 INEAD = 1,4READ(LUTAP1 .500) (ITITLE(JA) .JA=1 .80)

500 FORMAT(240A1) .-

550 FORMAT(3(1XPS0A1/))600 URITE(LUIJ.550) (ITITLE(JA) .JA1 .80)

c LOOP FOR TOTAL FILES THIS FLIGHT* C

DO 3000 IFILE lo1 KFILESCC OPEN FILE FOR DATA RECORDSC

OPEN(UNIT=LUTAPEPRECORDSIZE=24OTYPE='OLD')CC LOOP FOR 2 HEMISPHERES (UPPER AND LOWER)C

DO 2000 IHEMIS a 1.2CC READ SCANNER HEADER (1)

* C

d -As-

APPENDIX D)

READ)(LUTAPE,70OERR-74O)JHEIIISIYRPiIONTHIDAYIEVENT?1 IDENt2,ALTIFLTRITYPEIAXISSUNAZPSUNZNISTRALIT

700 FORMAT(iXA3v4I2,17,F7.0,3I2,2-F7. 1,12)WRITE(LUWP730)JHEMISY IYRdIONTHIDAYt IEVENTtIDENT2t

I ALTIFLTRITYPEPIAXISSUNAZSUNZNISTRALITGO TO ?50

C*C ERROR IN TAPE READ, READi IN ALPHA AND PRINT* C

740 WiRITE(LUW97010)

BACKSPACE LUTAPEREAL'( LUT AFPE970 ) JERROR( JA)PJA=1, 51)WRITE (LUW 550) (JERROR( JA) ,JA=1, 51)

* C*C F.JAlI 'CANNER HEADER (2)

C? 50 REAUI(LUTAPE,500)(ITITLE(JA)PJA=1P81)

WI TE (LOW ,50) (IT ITLE( JA) JA=I81)

C AZ'AIMUTHSc

REAL ( LUTAF'E 800,ERR=845) (IAZIiIUTH( JA) ,JA=1I 60)SO0 FORMAT(6014)

WRITE(LUW,840)(IAZIMUTH(JA),JA=lv6O)*84C FORMAT(2(3014/))

60 TO 850Cu ERROR IN TAPE INPUTP READ IN ALPHA AND PRINT

f- 1 WRITE(LUWP7010)BACKSPACE LUTAPEREAD(LUTAPE,970)(JERROR(JA),JA=i,2ý"40)WRlTE( LOW,550) (JERRO)R( JA) ,JAml1, 240)

CC EIH

* C* 850 READ(LUTAPE,855,ERR=865)(ZA(JA) ,ZN(JA) ,JA=l,18)*855 FORMAT(36F6.2ý

WRITE(LUW9860)(ZA(JA)gZN(JA)iJA=l,18)860 FORMAT(2(18F7.21/)) i

GO TO 89ý0865 WRITE(LUWP7010)

BACKSPACE LUTAPEREAt'(LUTAPE,970)(JERROR(JA),JA=1,216)WRITE (LUW t550 ( JERROR( JA) ,JA=1,216)

890 CONTINUECC LOOP FOR SCANNER DATA

CDO 1000 IDATA =1960

READ(LUTAPEt900tERR=960)(r'ATA(JA)PJA=IvlB)900 FORMAT(I8E11.4)

WRITE(LUW,910)(DATA(JA)tJA=1918)910 FORMAT(2( 1Xr9E11 .4/))

GO TO 1000

-19.

APPZNDIX D

C ERROR IN TAPE READ, READ IN ALPHA AND PRINTI-- C

960 WRITE(LUW,7010)BACKSPACE LUTAPEREAD(LUTAPE,970)(JERROR(JA),JA=I,19B)

970 FORMAT(.240A1)

" C WRITE(LUWt550)(JERROR(JAh)JA=1,198) .... -

1000 CONTINUE

C GO READ LOWER HEhISPHEREC2000 CONTINUE

CC CLOSE AND SAVE DATA FILEC

CLOSE(UNITT=LUTAPED1SPOSE='SAVE')LUTAPE=LUTAPE I

C,C GO READ NEXT FILE THIS FLIGHTC

3000 CONTINUE

C" CLOSE AND SAVE HEADER RECORDSC

CLOSE(UNIT=LUTAPIDISPOSE='SAVE') ...

LUTAPI-LUTAPItI

- GO READ NEXT FLIGHTC4000 CONTINUE

C ERROR BRANCH MESSAGEC

7010 FORMAT(1X, ' **** ERROR IN TAPE READ; READ IN ALPHA AND PRINT .9000 CONTINUE

END

.20-

AA . . . -

APIMNDIX .

C TITLEC READPROFFOR

C PURPOSEC READ SCATTERING COEFFICIENT AND RELATEDC METEOROLOGICAL DATAC (TRANSMITTAL TAPE DATA)

C SCATTERING COEFFICIENT AND RELATEDC METEOROLOGICAL DATA

* CC TAPE STRUCTURE:'C

C (1600 BPIo 9 TRACK, ASCII)C (ALL RECORDS=80 BYTES) .CC FILE 1:C RECORD 1:C TITLE ................... , ... FORMAT(BOA1)C RECORD 2:-C FLIGHT NUMBER, TRACK ID, DATE...,FORhAT(80A1)C RECORD 3:C IYEAR.............. ,..... ,....... ,.... YEAR-''.C MONTH. . ~* * 9******** ~***..OTC IDAY,.. ....... ,......* *,,*.,. ........ ,.DAY [Z[.-

C MODE. .... MODE IDC IEVENT ......... , .... . .. .... **EVENT NUMBERcCCC IFLTR.......... .. ,..,.**....,...FILTER NUMBERC NDAT .............. TOTAL NUMBER OF DATA RECORDSC IHIPURGE ....... HIGH ALTITUDE PURGE CORRECTIONC (0=NO 1=YES)CC FORMAT(1I)5)CC RECORD 4:C GEOGRAPHIC POSITION ...... ,..... ... FORMAT (GOAl) "C RECORD 5:C REFERENCE NUMBERS...,.... *,,*, .... FORMAT (SOAI)C RECORD 6: (REPEAT RECORD 6 FOR 'NDAT' RECORDS)C IALT..................ALTITUDE IN METERS (AOL)C TEMPF.................TEMPERATURE IN DEGREES CC DEWTEMP .............. DEdPOINT/FROSTPOINT INC DEGREES CC RH. ........... .... .... RELATIVE HUMIDITY(PERCENT) , *

C PRESS.................PRESSURE IN MILLIBARSC DENS..................DENSITY IN KILOGRAMS PERC CUBIC METERSC SCAT ........ ,..........SCATTERING COEFFICIENT INC INVERSE METERSC ITIME*9...............TIME (HR.MIN.SEC.)C GREENWICH MEAN TIME (OMT)

-21-

"'" ! • --.

APPENDIX z

C FORMAT(15p6El1.4917)CC REPEAT FILE 1 FOR ALL FILTERSC EOF

C PROGRAMMERC MIRIAM K. OLEINIKC VISIBILITY LABORATORYC SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHYC UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN DIEGO

C ***NOTE ***IrC TAPE INPUT FUNCTIONS ARE COMPUTER SYSTEMS DEPENDENT

CDIMENSION DATA(6)PITITLE(S0)DIMENSION IPOS(80)PIREF(80)

DATA LUW/6/

C LUTAP LOGICAL UNIT FOR PRINTERc LUTPE aLOGICAL UNIT FOR INPUT FROM TAPE

LUTAPE - 60C

40 FORMAT(SOA1)C OPEN INPUT DISK FILEC

OPEN(UNIT=LUTAPEgRECORDSIZE=80t TYPE='OLD')CCC LOOP FOR ALL FILTERSC

60 CONTINUECC READ PROFILE DATACC INPUT TAPE HEADER INFORMATIONc

READ(LUTAPE940PEND-3000)(ITITLE(JA)PJA=IvBO)WRITE(LUW,40)(ITITLE(JA),JA-ItS0) 1

READ(LUTAPEp40tEND-3000)(ITITLE(JA)tJAn1,S0)WRITE(LUW,40)(ITITLE(JA),JAul,80)READ(LUTAPE.100iEND=3000)IYEAR'MONTH91DAYMODEtIEVENT,1 IHOURMINISEC.IFLTRNDATIHIPURGE

100 FORMAT(1115)WRITE(LUWFI 0) IYEARtMONTH, IDAYiMODE, IEVENT,1 IHOURiMINPISECIFLTR#NDATIHIPURGEREAD(LUTAPE,40,END.3000)(IPOS(JA)tJAIpS0)READ(LUTAPEt40pEND=3000)(IREF(JA)PJAsIPSO)WRITE (LUW, 40) (IPOS( JA)tJA-l, 80)WRITE(LUWr40)(IREF(JA)pJAwlt80)2DO 2000 IDATA - ItNDATREAD(LUTAPE,40OPEND"3000)IALTP(DATA(JA)wJAm1 ,6) iITIME

* WRITE(LUWi400)IALTt(DATA(JA) ,JA1,P6),ITIME400 FORMAT(lXpI4rlP6El1 4rI7)2000 CONTINUEC

.22- 9

AP'iENDIX Z L

READ(LUTAPEw40OwENDu3000)lALTw (DATA(JA),JAI,96),ITIMEIJRITE(LU~W400)lALTt(DATA(JA)wJA-1.6)uITIME

400 FORhAT( iX, 14w P6El11.4,17)2000 CONTINUE

CC 00 FOR NEXT FILTIRC

00 TO 603000 CONTINUE

WRITE(LUWP4000)4000 FORHAT(lXr' END OF FILE '

CC CLOSE INPUT FILEC

CLOSE(UNIT -LUTAPEvD!SPOSE-'SAVE') -7

END

APPENDIX I

VISIBILITY LAUOR.ATORY CONTRACTS Duntley, S.Q., R.W. Johnson, and J.1. Gordon, (1976)AND RELATED PUBLICATIONS "Airborne Measurements of Optical Atmospheric

Properties in Northern Germanf,. University of Cali'MMS4 earSfornia, San Diego, Scripps Institution of Occanogra-

Prevsis R~e Cm s-.phy, Visibility Laboratory, 510 Ref. 76-17, AFOL-f19628-8-K4@z3, n%87-C00 TR-76-01I88, NTIS No. ADA 035 571.PUBLCATINS:Duntley, S.Q., R.W. Johnson, and J.1. Gordon. (1977)PArbrnBMasreensATItmspercSolm

ScAttrbone Coeasurcients in Nothemuospheri SprineDuntley,~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~Sctern Co. W ono.i.Godn n 96,U~effiiety in CaiortiaeSn DEurop, Scripng.* *

Aut .Qf. Boieau (190)nirorne MeasuGrements of76 Instit rsion or OCaniornaph, VSaDibilit Labraory,Opt.Biceal , Atmoseri PArboprties MatsNigt',enivest of0 Rest.tto 77f8 AOLeanoraphy, NiibltyS Nao.raDAry,Opticaliftorsphri SaroDeoSrtipps sit ih"nsiturstyo oF 046 .2 7890.-R7707, SNo D

K~ ~~~ OCealiornaph, VSibiliegy Labritory istituio Ref 046 Dun 90. S. .. Jhsn n l odn l7aOcanography01, NTisiblt Naoao. y AD O Re70 734, uy.'Airbo rne Mesuemntson, atmJ-.oshricn Volume)

Duntley, S.Q., R.W. JoNson, AnD 8l. Gor4on 'SAttrbone Coeasurements in Ntortheric VuopFllmDuAirboS.,rne MJsuemntson, Opdical Atmdon.pherics 1976trUniversityof CalifortiaeSn Euroeo SFaipp

PArboernies inasouthmernt GorOtiaAmsperc196 University of Calif ntttoocaogrnaph, VSaDibilit LabratorpsProprtias ian Diutero, Scripps UieriyfCai Institution of Oceanography.Rf 8.,AGLT-7 9 NiibltIS Nao.raDAry,phyni, VSaDibeli , Scbratory Intiuto Ref. 72.4,AFgRL. 057 144.783 GLT-709,NINoAD72-25, N-dTIS Naoao. y AD O 74749. 72ntl4y S.Q., 05 1W" Jhsn.n .I odn 7b7-25 T N.A7449.Duntley, S.Q., R.W. Johnson, and J.1. Gordon, (1978b AroneMaueetso tophrcVlm'Airbo S...rne ohsn and Grounddn.-Based'Arbrn Measurements of OpiActeigCofiinsi otmshern c VooplummercalAtmborphericdProperties in Centuralmewto Mxic' 197teri, Unierstyt of Caiortia.eSn DEurop, Scrippsca topei rprisi eta e eic,17.University of California, San Diego, Scripps lsiu nttto fOengahVsblt aoaoyUnvriyo aiona o ig.SrpsIsiu ntttion or Oceanography, Visibility Laboratory, SORf I e.7.8 FLT.806,NI o Dtio71 ofOceaorapy isbltyLbrtoy2.0Rf SORf 7-8 A61R-806, NTIS No. ADA7196 08617unt7e, SQ.,R.W. Johnso, and N.1. ADon 751936c) 06ntly11S.,W.ohsnan3..orn,(9'Airborne MeasuremeJonts ond Optica Atmdospheri7c) 'Airborne Mea Jhsurmns &of Optca Atmopheri7c)PArboprtie, MesumemarendtsUiest of PpiatopeiArboprties Mesumemarends RevOpiewal, UnivsperityoCalioprnies, Sumany adeo Sreipps Iniestituto of Calioprtias, Sumany Driego SReippw Iniverituto ofOCeaniogrnap, VSibilityo Laortrypp Intiuto Ref 7.2Ceaniogrnaph, Vaieiblit Labratory SInstRtf.io9-orOcanoCraphy05, NTisiblt Naoao.rAD 754 398 . 72-82, Ocanography.VisibilNtIS Naoao. y ADA Re73 12 -5r7

Duntley, S.Q., RW. JoNson, AnD 754 Go8d19, (197) F-ch B.W-T.7 6 andS TNo. Cress (1981 1Masrmets.Airborne Measureme Jontson, and c~ Atm orospheric Ftc.W Aerso Size Di estribuion1i th esuemLower Toosper'Arboertie inasouthmernIlnoisUiest of OpialAmopeic overoNol ieDsrtherno inteLoeuropeJAp.Mt.2No.ph10,Properia San SoutegSripp Insituinof.aora 1912,as University of Californiater uopJ Ap.Me.2, SNo D1eg,phy, isiiiyLbrtr, San Re.i3-goA.RL Scripps Institution of Oceanography V19-1sibsilivrityofCloriSnDe.TR.3.02 NiibltISN.Ay7457 Laboratory, SIO Ref. 73-24, AFL-SrpsittuonfOcagapGThy,8Visbilit

Dutley, SQ., R.W. JoNso., and 597. Goronb(97)atISrN. ADA Re04 272. PO-R-G01'Airborne and. Gronound.Based MeasuGrements of74 Opi odN,1S, Co. ADA10 2d7rt2, adSQute,(95calAtmbosphericdPropaertiesansouthmernt Illinois' 'Sigonal-LightF Edgeraon, an. Op. S. Am. 65y, (1975UniverstymofphCalifPoprnia, San SieotScripp llnstitu- 'Sga-igtNmgrm .Ot.Sc..6,11tnioerit of OCeaniogrnaph, VSin lityo Scbratops SIOnRe.i Godo- 1.18.JL.HriS.anSQDnty(93tion2o, Ocanography,9 ViibltIS Naoao.y ADA 0ef3 G Measurin E1,J.Larth-.to.SpaceCntrSt Transmttace (173164.25 fromTR7408 GTSN.AA03"esround Startions'Ap. Coptat. T2,a13m7tt32ce

Dut6yS.., R..fhsn .. Gro,(95) Grdon, Ground (196)odelfor aClea Aptmospere' 17132.'Airborne MeasuremeJontson, OpticalGAtmosphri Opt.5a Soron . A. (159, 14de.18. Cla Amspee,PArborties inMeastreerntWshnt',Uiesy of Gordonmophri Op.1, (1.979) 1Dytm4 VsbiiyACocptaCalioprnia, San Wesego, Wscrippsn' Iniestityto of Grdon, J1, Univrsit ofDatiforniaiilt, SAn DieoncrippsaOCeaniogrnaphyn Visiblit Scbratrpps Rf74 Institution or OciwUieantyogrCaphyoViib.Sa iity LabratoryAFccRL..R-S-y, NiibltIS Nao.raDAo26y36 SIO Ref. 30.1,nsittono Oceanography, NiibltIS Nao.ratAory,

DuteyF.QR.W. Johnson4, andI N.1. GoDon 026 b 085. 451Re.801 OLT-925,NINoAD'Airbonc Measureme Jontsof, Optca At.morosphri Gordon, 0845.1 18)'mlctoso h qainPArboprties MesumemarysandRe tiewal, Utniversity of ordonse Wth(9)In piaioso the Viuaible anonrre pcrum, . '

California, San Diego, Scripps Institution of University of California, San Diego, Scripps Institu-Oceanography, Visibility Laboratory, SIO Ref. 75-26, tion of Oceanography, Visibility L.aboratory, S10 Ref.AFCkL-TR-75-0457, NTIS No. ADA 022 675. 83-10, AFGL-TR-82-0223, NTIS No. ADA 133 979.

.24-

APDENDI F

Hernog, W. S., 01981a) *An Operational Technique for Terrain Radlances', University of Calirornia. San*Estimating Visible Spectrum Contrast Transmit- Diego, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Viuibility

tance, University of California. San Diego. Scripps Laboratory, SIO Ref. 32-6, AFGL-TR.31-0)17,Institution of Oceanography, Visibility Laboratory, NTIS No. ADA 120 487.SIO Ref. 82-1, AFGL-TR.81-0199, NTIS No. ADA Il'hnson, R.W., (1979) "Airborne Measurements of Euro-

* 111323. pean Atmospheric Scattering Coefficients' . SPIE*Hering, W.S., 01981b) 'Assessment of Operational Tech- Pr'oieediqg on Aamosherk &Pwa on Radiativre

niusfor Estimating Visible Spectrum Contrast Trana4fr, 11", 31.33. anSumrM sueTransittace, PIEPocwftns on Amosphieric Johnson, R.W., 0l98sa) %tradSmeMase

Effects on System Perfoemaiwnce. 20, 119-125. ments of European Very Low Altitude Volume'Johnson, R.W..,W. S. Hering, J.1. Gordon, B. W. Fitch, Scattering Coefficients;" University of California, San

andJ.. hilds (97) Preliminary Analysis &Diego. Scripps Institution of Oceanography, SIO R(Modelling Based Upon Project OPAQUE Profile and 81-26, AFGL-TR-81-O1 54, NTIS No. ADA 106 363.Surface Data", University of California, San Diego, Johnson. R.W., (198 b) 'Spring and Fall MeasurementsScripps Institution of Oceanography, Visibility of European Very Low Altitude Volume ScatteringLaboratory, 510 Ref. 80-5. AFGL-TR-79-0283, Coefftients". University of California, San Diego.NTIS ADS 052 172L. Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Visibility ls

Johnson, R.W. and S.W. Fitch. (1981) *A Review of Laboratory, S10 Ref. 81-33, AFOL-TR-Sl-0237,Measured Atmospheric Optical Properties and Their NTIS No. ADA 106 879.Contemporary Aerosol Size Distributionsf, Univer- Johnson, R.W., 01981c0 "Daytime Visibility andsity of California. San Diego, Scripps Institution of Nephelonieter Measurements RUated to its Determi-Ocanography, Visibility Laboratory, 510 Ref. 32- nation", Atmospheric Environment, 1S, 10/lI1, 1335.22, AFGL-TR-82-0049, NTIS No. ADA 123 9Q0. Johnson, R.W., 01981d) "Airborne Measurements or

* Johnson, R.W., and )Il. Gordon, (1979) "Airborne Mens- European Sky and Terrain Radiances, University ofurements of Atmospheric Volume Scattering California, San Diego, Scripps Institution of

*Coefficients in Northern Europe, Winter 1971r, Oceanography, Visibility Laboratory, £10 Ref. 82-2,University of California, San Diego, Scripps Instit:- AFOL-TR-81.0275. NTIS No. ADA 114 637. Ration of Oceanography, Visibility Laboratory, SI e. Johnson, R.W., (I192) 'nExperimentalDeiefrRa79-25, AFGL-TR-79-0159, NTIS No. ADA 032 044. Time Determination of Slant Path Atmospheric Con-

*Johnson, R.W. and J.1. Gordon, (1930) "Airborne Meas- trast Transmittance", University of California, Sanurements of Atmospheric Volume Scattering Diego, Scripps Institution of Ocanography. Visibility

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Johnson, R.W. and W. S. Hering. 0"91 b) "An Analysis of Diego, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, VisibilityNatural Variations in Measured European Sky and Laboratory, SIO Ref. 34-1, AFGL-TR-83-02 10.

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