a thesis the effectiveness of using inductive method … · recommended that: (1) the teachers...
TRANSCRIPT
A THESIS
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING INDUCTIVE METHOD
IN TEACHING ENGLISH GRAMMAR
( An Experimental Study at the Eighth Grade of SMP Negeri 16 Surakarta
in the Academic Year of 2017/2018 )
Submitted to the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education of Sebelas
Maret University to Fulfill One of the Requirements for Getting the
Undergraduate Degree of Education in English
ADE NOVEA RETTY
K2213001
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
SURAKARTA
2017
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ABSTRACT
Ade Novea Retty. K2213001. THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING
INDUCTIVE METHOD IN TEACHING ENGLISH GRAMMAR (AN
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY AT THE EIGHTH GRADE OF SMP NEGERI
16 SURAKARTA IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR OF 2017/2018).Thesis,
Surakarta: Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Sebelas Maret University.
December 2017.
The aims of this research are to investigate: (1) whether there is a
significant difference in grammar mastery achievement between the students
taught using Inductive Method and those taught using Deductive Method of the
eighth grade students of SMP Negeri 16 Surakara; (2) whether Inductive Method
is more effective than Deductive Method to teach grammar.
The method used in this study is an experimental study (comparative
study). This research was conducted inOctober until November 2017 in the eighth
grade of SMP Negeri 16 Surakarta in the academic year of 2017/2018. The
researcher took the sample by using cluster random sampling. The students are
divided into two groups, which are VIII-A which belongs to the experimental
group and VIII-B which belongs to the control group. The research instrument
used to collect the data in this study is a test. The data were analyzed by using t-
test formula.
The computation of the data shows that: (1) the t-observation (to) is
2.284,referred to the t-table (54. 0,05) = 2.004, the researcher finds that to is higher
than tt. It is concluded that there is a significant difference on grammar
achievement between experimental group and control group; (2) the mean score of
the group of students who are taught using Inductive Method is 56.57, while the
mean score of the group of students who are taught using Deductive Method is
47.64. It means that teaching English grammar using Inductive Method is more
effective than using Deductive Method especially for the eighth grade students of
SMP Negeri 16 Surakarta in the academic year of 2017/2018. Therefore, it is
recommended that: (1) the teachers apply Inductive Method in teaching English
grammar; (2) the future research may conduct the same kind of research with
different stages.
Keywords: grammar mastery, simple past tense, inductive method, deductive
method
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ABSTRAK
Ade Noea Retty. K2213001. KEEFEKTIFITASAN PENGGUNAAN
METODE INDUKTIF DALAM PEMBELAJARAN ENGLISH GRAMMAR
(PENELITIAN EKSPERIMEN PADA KELAS DELAPAN SMP NEGERI
16 SURAKARTA TAHUN AJARAN 2017/2018).Skripsi, Surakarta: Fakultas
Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Sebelas Maret. Desember 2017.
Tujuan dari penelian ini adalah untuk meneliti: (1) apakah ada
perbedaan yang siknifikan pada pencapaian penguasaan grammar antara siswa
yang diajar menggunakan Metode Induktif dan siswa yang diajar menggunakan
Metode Deduktif pada kelas delapan SMP Negeri 16 Surakarta; (2) apakah
Metode Induktif lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan Metode Deduktif untuk
mengajar grammar.
Metode yang digunakan di penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen
(penelitian komparatif). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada Oktober sampai
November 2017 di kelas delapan SMP Negeri 16 Surakarta tahun ajaran
2017/2018. Peneliti mengambil sampel menggunakan cluster random sampling.
Siswa dibagi menjadi dua kelopok yaitu kelas VIII-A yang merupakan kelompok
eksperimen dan kelas VIII-B yang merupakan kelompok kontrol. Instrumen
penelitian yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data pada penelitian ini adalah
tes. Data dianalisis menggunakan rumus t-test.
Perhitungan komputer dari data menunjukkan bahwa: (1) t-observation
(to) adalah 2,284, merujuk ke t-table(54. 0,05) = 2,004, peneliti menemukan bahwa to
lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan tt. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan
yang siknifikan pada nilai grammar antara kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok
kontrol; (2) nilai rata – rata dari kelompok siswa yang diajar menggunakan
Metode Induktif adalah 56,57, sedangkan nilai rata – rata dari kelompok siswa
yang diajar menggunakan Metode Deduktif adalah 47,64. Dapat diartikan bahwa
pembelajaran English grammar menggunakan Metode Induktif lebih efektif
dibandingkan dengan Metode Deduktif khususnya untuk siswa kelas delapan
SMP Negeri 16 Surakarta tahun ajaran 2017/2018. Oleh karena itu, disarankan
bahwa: (1) guru mengaplikasikan Metode Induktif pada pembelajaran English
grammar; (2) penelitian kedepan bisa melakukan penelitian yang sama dengan
langkah yang berbeda.
Kata kunci: penguasaan grammar, simple past tense, metode induktif, metode
deduktif
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MOTTO
“Boleh jadi kamu membenci sesuatu, padahal ia amat baik bagimu, dan boleh jadi
(pula) kamu menyukai sesuatu, padahal ia amat buruk bagimu; Allah
mengetahui, sedang kamu tidak mengetahui.”
(QS. Al Baqarah 2:216)
“Forget about the fast lane. If you really want to fly, just harness your power to
your passion.”
-Oprah Winfrey-
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DEDICATION
This thesis is whole-heartedly dedicated to
My beloved parents
My beloved older brother
My beloved and supporting aunt
My belovedroommate
My best yet crazy friends
All the people who have helped and supported me, “Arigato gozaimasu!”
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Praise be to Allah SWT who has given His blessing to the researcher so
that she can complete writing this thesis entitled “The Effectiveness of Using
Inductive Method in Teaching English Grammar ( An Experimental Study at
the Eighth Grade of SMP Negeri 16 Surakarta in the Academic Year of
2017/2018)”.
This thesis was arranged to fulfill one of the requirements for getting
the Undergraduate Degree of Education in English Department, Teacher Training
and EducationFaculty of Sebelas Maret University. The researcher is aware that
this thesis could not be completed without helps, guidance, and supports from
many others. Therefore, the researcher would like to express hergratitude and
appreciations to:
1. Prof. Dr. Joko Nurkamto, M.Pd., the Dean of Teacher Training and Education
Faculty.
2. Teguh Sarosa, S.S., M.Hum.,the Head of English Education Department of
Teacher Training and Education Faculty and the second consultant.
3. Drs. Martono M.A., the first consultant.
4. Mulyono, S.Pd, the Headmaster of SMP Negeri 16 Surakarta, for the
permission to conduct the research.
5. Bambang W Kesdu, S.Pd, the English teacher of SMP Negeri 16 Surakarta,
for being supporter during the research.
6. The eighth grade students of SMP Negeri 16 Surakarta for the participation.
7. My family, my roommate, my friends in English Education Department for
the supports, caring, prays and helps.
The researcher is aware that this thesis is not perfect and it is because of
the researcher’s limits. However, the researcher hopes that this thesis will be
useful for the readers and the knowledge developments.
Surakarta, December 2017
The researcher
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
TITLE ...................................................................................................................... i
PRONOUNCEMENT ............................................................................................. ii
ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................... iii
APPROVAL OF THE CONSULTANTS ................................................................ v
APPROVAL OF THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS .............................................. vi
MOTTO ................................................................................................................ vii
DEDICATION ..................................................................................................... viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ..................................................................................... ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................ x
LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................. xiii
LIST OF TABLES .............................................................................................. xiv
LIST OF APPENDICES ........................................................................................ xv
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ...................................................................... 1
A. Background of the Study ..................................................... 1
B. Problems Identification ........................................................ 4
C. Problems Limitation ............................................................ 4
D. Problems Formulation ......................................................... 5
E. Objectives of the Study ........................................................ 5
F. The Benefits of the Study .................................................... 5
CHAPTER II THEORETICAL REVIEW ......................................................... 6
A. Literature Review ................................................................. 6
1. Grammar ....................................................................... 6
a. The Definition of Grammar .................................... 6
b. The Definition of Grammar Mastery ....................... 7
c. The Scope of Grammar ........................................... 8
d. Inductive Method ........................................................ 19
a. The Definition of Inductive Method .................... 19
b. The Stages of Inductive Method .......................... 20
c. The Advantages of Inductive Method ................. 21
d. The Disadvantages of Inductive Method ............. 22
e. Deductive Method ...................................................... 23
a. The Definition of Deductive Method .................. 23
b. The Stages of Deductive Method ........................ 24
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c. The Advantages of Deductive Method ................ 24
d. The Disadvantages of Deductive Method ........... 25
B. Review of Related Research .............................................. 26
C. Basic Assumptions ............................................................ 28
D. Hypothesis ......................................................................... 29
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ............................................. 30
A. The Method of the Research .............................................. 30
B. The Setting of the Research ............................................... 31
C. The Subject of the Research .............................................. 31
1. Population ................................................................... 31
2. Sample ........................................................................ 32
3. Sampling ..................................................................... 32
D. The Techniques of Collecting Data ................................... 33
1. The Instrument of Collecting Data ............................. 33
2. Validity and Reliability .............................................. 34
3. Scoring Test ................................................................ 35
E. Prerequisite Test ................................................................ 35
1. Normality Test ............................................................ 35
2. Homogeneity Test ....................................................... 36
F. The Technique of Analyzing Data ..................................... 37
G. Statistical Hypothesis ......................................................... 37
CHAPTER IV THE RESULT OF THE RESEARCH ........................................ 38
A. The Description of the Data ................................................. 38
1. Pre-test Scores ............................................................... 38
a. The Experimental Group ......................................... 38
b. The Control Group ................................................... 40
2. Post-test Scores .............................................................. 43
a. The Experimental Group ......................................... 43
b. The Control Group ................................................... 45
B. Prerequisite Testing ............................................................. 47
1. Pre-test Scores ............................................................... 47
a. Result of the Normality Test .................................... 47
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b. Result of the Homogeneity Test .............................. 48
c. Similarity of the Two Classes .................................. 48
2. Post-test Scores .............................................................. 49
a. Result of the Normality Test .................................... 49
b. Result of the Homogeneity Test .............................. 50
C. Hypothesis Testing ............................................................. 50
1. First Hypothesis ............................................................. 50
2. Second Hypothesis ......................................................... 51
D. Discussion ............................................................................ 51
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION, IMPLICATION, AND SUGGESTION ........... 53
A. Conclusion .......................................................................... 53
B. Implication .......................................................................... 53
C. Suggestion .......................................................................... 54
BIBLIOGRAPHY .................................................................................................. 55
APPENDICES ....................................................................................................... 59
xiii
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page
4.1 .......... The Histogram of the Distribution of Pre-test Scores of the Experimental
Group ..................................................................................................................... 40 4.2 .. The Polygon of the Distribution of Pre-test Scores of the Experimental Group
................................................................................................................................ 40 4.3 ........ The Histogram of the Distribution of Pre-test Scores of the Control Group
................................................................................................................................ 42 4.4 ............ The Polygon of the Distribution of Pre-test Scores of the Control Group
................................................................................................................................ 42 4.5 ........ The Histogram of the Distribution of Post-test Scores of the Experimental
Group ..................................................................................................................... 44
4.6 The Polygon of the Distribution of Post-test Scores of the Experimental
Group ..................................................................................................................... 45 4.7 ....... The Histogram of the Distribution of Post-test Scores of the Control Group
................................................................................................................................ 47 4.8 .......... The Polygon of the Distribution of Post-test Scores of the Control Group
................................................................................................................................ 47
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LIST OF TABLES
Table
Page
2.1 ................................................ Singular Nouns, Plural Nouns, and Noun Phrases
.................................................................................................................................. 9 2.2 ....................................................................................................... Regular Verbs
.................................................................................................................................. 9 2.3 ...................................................................................................... Irregular Verbs
................................................................................................................................ 10 2.4 .................................................................................................. Adjectives’ Order
................................................................................................................................ 11
2.5 ................................................................... Comparative and Superlative Degree
................................................................................................................................ 12
2.6 Past Time Expressions .................................................................................. 18
2.7 Past Time Expressions .................................................................................. 20
3.1 Pretest-Posttest Design .................................................................................. 32
4.1 The Frequency of Distribution of Pre-test of the Experimental Group ........ 40
4.2 The Frequency of Distribution of Pre-test of the Control Group .................. 42
4.3 ............... The Frequency of Distribution of Post-test of the Experimental Group
................................................................................................................................ 44 4.4 ........................ The Frequency of Distribution of Post-test of the Control Group
................................................................................................................................ 46 4.5 ............................................ The Result of the Normality Test of Pre-test Scores
................................................................................................................................ 48 4.6 ........................................... The Result of the Normality Test of Post-test Scores
................................................................................................................................ 49
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LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix Page
Appendix 1 Standard Competence and Basic Competence of Reading for VIII
Grade Junior High School ................................................................. 61
Appendix 2 Lesson Plan ....................................................................................... 62
Appendix 3 The Try Out Instrument ..................................................................... 90
Appendix 4 The Validity of The Instrument ......................................................... 95
Appendix 5 The Reliability of The Instrument ................................................... 100
Appendix 6 The Instrument ................................................................................ 103
Appendix 7 Pre-test Scores ................................................................................. 106
Appendix 8 Descriptive Statistics of Pre-test Scores of the Experimental Group
........................................................................................................ 107
Appendix 9 Descriptive Statistics of Pre-test Scores of the Control Group ....... 108
Appendix 10 Normality Test of Pre-test Scores of the Experimental Group ...... 109
Appendix 11 Normality Test of Pre-test Scores of the Control Group ................ 110
Appendix 12 Homogeneity Test of Pre-test Scores ............................................. 111
Appendix 13 Computation Test of pre-test scores ............................................... 112
Appendix 14 Post-test Scores .............................................................................. 113
Appendix 15Descriptive Statistics of Post-test Scores of the Experimental Group
........................................................................................................ 114
Appendix 16 Descriptive Statistics of Post-test Scores of the Control Group ..... 115
Appendix 17 Normality Test of Post-test Scores of the Experimental Group ..... 116
Appendix 18 Normality Test of Post-test Scores of the Control Group .............. 117
Appendix 19 Homogeneity Test of Post-test Scores............................................ 118
Appendix 20 Computation Test of Post-test Scores ............................................ 119
Appendix 21 Students’ Worksheet....................................................................... 120
Appendix 22 Standard Normal Distribution Table .............................................. 132
Appendix 23 Lilliefors Table ............................................................................... 133
Appendix 24 Chi-square Table ............................................................................ 134
Appendix 25 T-test Distribution .......................................................................... 135
Appendix 26 Legalization .................................................................................... 136
Appendix 27Photographs ..................................................................................... 137
Appendix 28 Students’ Score of Middle Semester Test ...................................... 139