DEDUCTIVE AND INDUCTIVE METHOD

Ma. Aiza delos Reyes

DEDUCTIVE METHOD

• IN THE DEDUCTIVE METHOD RULES, GENERALIZATION AND PRINCIPLES ARE PROVIDED TO THE STUDENTS AND THEN THEY ARE ASKED TO VERIFY THEM WITH THE HELP OF PARTICULAR EXAMPLES.

EXAMPLE

• A TEACHER WANTS TO TEACH HIS/HER PUPILS HOW TO ADD SIMILAR FRACTIONS. SHE BEGINS BY STATING THE RULE: TO ADD SIMILAR FRACTIONS, JUST ADD THE NUMERATORS THEN COPY THE DENOMINATOR. THEN SHE WILL GIVE EXAMPLES. AFTER WHICH SHE WILL GIVE WRITTEN EXERCISES FOR HER PUPILS.

MERITS OF THE DEDUCTIVE METHOD• TEACHER’S WORK IS SIMPLIFIED. HE GIVES GENERAL PRINCIPLES

AND VERIFY THEM.

• THIS METHOD IS VERY ECONOMICAL. IT SAVES TIME AND ENERGY BOTH OF THE STUDENTS AND THE TEACHERS.

• IT IS VERY SUITABLE FOR SMALL CHILDREN WHO CANNOT DISCOVER TRUTHS FOR THEMSELVES. THEY GET READY MADE MATERIAL.

DEMERITS OF THE DEDUCTIVE METHOD• KNOWLEDGE IS NOT SELF ACQUIRED AND, THEREFORE, NOT ASSIMILATED PROPERLY.

• THE CHILD IS DEPRIVED OF THE PLEASURE OF SELF ACTIVITY AND SELF EFFORT AS READY MADE FORMULAE, PRINCIPLES AND RULES ARE GIVEN TO HIM.

• IT ENCOURAGES MEMORIZATION OF FACTS WHICH ARE SOON FORGOTTEN AND THEREFORE, KNOWLEDGE IS RENDERED USELESS.

• THIS METHOD IS UNNATURAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL FOR THE STUDENTS WHO DO NOT POSSESS ABILITY TO APPRECIATE ABSTRACT IDEAS IN THE ABSENCE OF CONCRETE EXAMPLES.

THE INDUCTIVE METHOD• IT IS A METHOD OF DEVELOPMENT.

• THINKING MOVES FROM PARTICULAR TO GENERAL.

• CONCRETE EXAMPLES BEFORE THE STUDENTS ARRIVE AT A GENERALIZATION.

• THE CHILD IS LED TO DISCOVER TRUTH FOR HIMSELF.

EXAMPLE• THE TEACHER GIVES THEM AT LEAST FIVE

EXAMPLES OF ADDED SIMILAR FRACTIONS AT ONE TIME. SHE WILL ASK THE STUDENTS TO STUDY THE EXAMPLES THEN ASK THEM TO EXPLAIN HOW SHE ARRIVED AT THE SUMS. FROM THERE, SHE WILL ASK THE STUDENTS TO STATE THE RULE IN ADDING FRACTIONS.

MERITS OF THE INDUCTIVE METHOD• KNOWLEDGE IS SELF ACQUIRED AND TRANSFORMED INTO ‘WISDOM’.• IT PROMOTES MENTAL ACTIVITY ON THE PART OF THE PUPILS AND

MAKES THEM ACTIVE PARTICIPANTS IN THE LEARNING TEACHING PROCESS.• IT MAKES THE LESSON INTERESTING BY PROVIDING CHALLENGING

SITUATIONS TO THE STUDENTS.• THE METHOD AFFORDS OPPORTUNITIES TO THE STUDENTS TO BE

SELF DEPENDENT AND SELF CONFIDENCE.• THE METHOD IS BASED ON SOUND PSYCHOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES.

LEARNING BY DOING IS THE BASIS OF THIS METHOD.

DEMERITS OF INDUCTIVE METHOD• THE INSUFFICIENT DATA MAY SOMETIMES LEAD THE LEARNER TO WRONG GENERALIZATIONS.• THE METHOD IS VERY SLOW AND LENGTHY.• IT IS NOT SUITABLE IN THE TEACHING OF SUBJECTS IN WHICH

THERE IS MORE STRESS ON THE TEACHING OF FACTS.• IT FAILS TO DEVELOP MOTIVATION AND INTEREST IN

LEARNING.

• IT FAILS TO DEVELOP SELF CONFIDENCE AND INITIATIVE IN THE STUDENTS.

EXAMPLEDeductive Method

A teacher begins his/her lesson with generalization that geographical location influences peoples’ way of life. Then he/she will give proofs that this is true by showing them an economic map of the Philippines. Then study the map with them. Those who live near the sea are fisherman. Their main product is fish. Those who live in plains like Cagayan Valley have rice as main product and farming is their main occupation.

Inductive Method

a teacher shows to the class the economic map of the Philippines then asks the class to study it with special attention on geographical features and economic products. To guide them in their analysis he/she will ask them questions like what is the occupation of people who live by the sea? What about those who live in spacious plains? What is their main livelihood? Do these people from different area engage in the same occupation? What generalization can you draw about the relationship between geographical features of a place and peoples’ means of livelihood?

DEDUCTIVE AND INDUCTIVE METHOD DEDUCTIVE

• GENERALIZATION IS FIRST STATED AND PARTICULAR EXAMPLES TO PROVE THEM.• IT DOES NOT LEAD TO NEW

KNOWLEDGE.• IT IS A METHOD OF VERIFICATION

AND EXPLANATION.

INDUCTIVE • PARTICULAR EXAMPLES

ARE DEALT WITH AND THEN GENERALIZATIONS ARE DERIVED FROM THEM.• IT LEADS TO NEW

KNOWLEDGE.• IT IS METHOD OF

DISCOVERY.

• THIS METHOD IS VERY QUICK.• THIS METHOD IS SPOON-

FEED.

• THIS METHOD IS VERY SLOW.• THIS METHOD GIVES

TRAINING TO THE CHILD TO DEPEND UPON HIMSELF AND TO DEVELOP SELF CONFIDENCE AND INITIATIVE.

TELL WHETHER IF THE STATEMENT IS A DEDUCTIVE OR INDUCTIVE METHOD.

1. 1. TEACHER’S WORK IS SIMPLIFIED. HE GIVES GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND VERIFY THEM.

2. PARTICULAR EXAMPLES ARE DEALT WITH AND THEN GENERALIZATIONS ARE DERIVED FROM THEM.

3. IT IS DOWNWARD MOVEMENT.4. IT LEADS TO NEW KNOWLEDGE.5. IT IS A METHOD OF VERIFICATION AND

EXPLANATION.

CREATE YOUR OWN EXAMPLE OF INDUCTIVE METHOD USING THIS

DEDUCTIVE METHOD (5 PTS)

THE TEACHER STATES THE 20 RULES OF SUBJECT VERB AGREEMENT. HE GIVES EXAMPLES OF EACH AFTER

WHICH, HE GIVES WRITTEN EXERCISES