a talk with dick white

Vol. 11, No. 31

6 August 1976

NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH

A TALK WITH DICK WHITE

Staff Notes has been inteAviewing the tecipientso senlot s6clentist, seiLot spee lait, and five-year appoint.nents. We've talked to senio scientistEdward Zipser, 6eniot speciatits Vincent La.ly andHaAy van Loon, and five-year appointees GerAtdPneuman, Stephen SchneideA, Metvyn Shapito, andDavid Wittiamson. Thi week, we inteview OranRichard (Dick) White, who has been appointed seniotspeciatit.

"We have come to a place in solar physics," DickWhite says, "where our scientific responsibilitydemands that we do something very difficult, namely,measure the physical output of the sun and its vari-ation over the solar cycle. It's difficult becauseit means plodding through a program of measurementsthat will last for years. The excitement in thisfield, the recent emphasis, has been on solar finestructure and short-lived solar phenomena. Thekind of thing that has to be done now can be donebetter and more completely than was possiblebefore--but it hasn't been fashionable. It may bescientifically responsible, but it hasn't beenfashionable."

Staff Note asked several of Dick's colleaguesat NCAR's High Altitude Observatory (HAO) aboutthis, and they were unanimous. "If Dick White wantsit done, he'll find a way to make it fashionable."

Oran Richard White was born in Clovis, NewMexico. "I was mechanically minded as a kid," hesays. "I had a shop of my own and did a lot oftinkering." The tinkering won him a prize in theWestinghouse Science Talent Search in 1950 and asa result he was offered a scholarship to come tothe University of Colorado.

"I majored in engineering physics. After I gotmy B.S. in 1955, I spent two years in the aerialmunitions business and decided I didn't likeengineering. Seas of people sitting at draftingtables." In the fall of 1957, Walter Orr Robertsand his colleagues at HAO (which was then part ofthe University of Colorado) started the Astro-Geophysics department.

"Some of the first graduate students," Dickremembers, "were Lew House and Jack Eddy of HAOand Kim Malville of the university. I joined the

Dick White (Photo by Robe.t Bumpas.)

group in the spring semester. The computer wasjust coming in then. Hal Zirin gave a class instellar interiors, I recall, and he insisted thatwe all learn to program something called aBendix G-15." In the summers, Dick worked at theSacramento Peak Observatory (SPO) in southern NewMexico, making solar observations for John Jefferiesand Grant Athay. He received his Ph.D. in 1962,doing a dissertation on The Cente--to-Limb Vaviationo6 Hydrogen-Alpha, Hydtogen-Beta, and Hydtogen-GammaiLn the SolA~ Spectrum.

"The years from 1960 to the present have beenthe single most productive time in solar physicssince the 1930s," Dick says. "There were newobservations--especially the new satelliteobservations--and new ideas from young people enter-ing the field. People like Athay and Jefferies andDick Thomas were fighting to get new theories

This Week in Staf Notes. . .

A Talk with Dick White Hundreds Tour the Mesa Lab VisitorsRobin Stebbins to Give Hollow Square Lecture It's Your Last Chance. . . Job OpeningsArtists to be Selected for NCAR Showings Announcements Calendar Notes

2/Staff Notes/6 August 1976

accepted. The approach they were taking--droppingthe assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium.-was still being debated. The problem was to get atheory that would enable you to predict the spectrumof a star or of an optically thin ionized gas. Suchsystems are not in thermodynamic equilibrium bydefinition, because of radiative losses. What thenew theories said was that you couldn't use theassumption of thermodynamic equilibrium even roughlyto compute the emerging spectrum. To analyze theobservations correctly and reach any kind of physicalunderstanding, you had to look at the material itselfand the way in which radiation was transferredthrough it--you had to look at absorption and colli-sion rates before determining the amount of radiationand its spectral distribution. So the period we'vebeen in has been the period when the theory of theproduction and flow of radiation through an ionizedgas has been developed; it underlies all thespecialties in solar physics."

From 1962 to 1966, Dick was a staff scientist atSPO. He did his own research, ran the computingcenter, and supervised the observational program forthe complex of telescopes in SPO's Big Dome. Hebecame interested in mathematical techniques forhandling the data he collected. "A basic problem inthe study of the solar atmosphere, and in spectros-copy generally," he says, "is correcting the datafor the broadening of spectral lines introduced bythe instrumentation used to observe them. When thedouble-pass spectrometer was developed, it eliminatedlarge systematic errors due to scattered light. Thenthere were two ways to handle further instrumentalbroadening--correct for it, or make better measure-ments. Better spectroscopic gratings were developed,making the measurements more accurate. Then, in theearly 1960s, Bracewell wrote a book on the applica-tion of Fourier transforms to data analysis, andin 1965 the Cooley/Tukey algorithm, the Fast FourierTransform (FFT), made mathematical correction forspectral smearing a trivial problem."

Dick notes that the arrival of the FFT had anenormous impact on many scientific disciplines."It hasn't been taught as a tool in itself. Youlearn it in engineering schools as a way of handlingdifferential equations, but until recently it hasn'tbeen taught to the physical scientists as a methodof data analysis and manipulation." The sign ofthat is that three lectures Dick delivered on the

Staff Not is published weekly by the PublicationsOffice of the National Center for AtmosphericResearch, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, Colorado 80303.

Editor: Lynne MesirowWriters: Merry Maisel, Lynne MesirowProduction Assistants: Jan Emery, Janis Romancik

Copy deadline is 5:00 p.m. on Tuesday for publica-tion on Friday. Office: Mesa Laboratory room 259.Phone: (303) 494-5151, ext. 644.

subject at NCAR last year were jam-packed, and apaper by James Brault and Dick White on the analysisand restoration of astronomical data via the FFT,written in 1971, is still requested from the NCARPublications Office.

Dick has been at HAO since 1969. "HAO was quitea change from Sacramento Peak. I went from a fairlyisolated, local, observational environment to a morecritical, analytical environment. As a participantin a national center, I've had a chance both to domy personal research and to get into solving realproblems in scientific management. One of theattractions of NCAR is the breadth of the scientificcommunity you can interact with--and one of theresponsibilities of a member of the scientific staffat a national center is to develop collaboration inresearch."

For Dick, the personal and collaborative aspectsof a job at HAO flow together. "One of the thingsI've enjoyed most has been my attempts--and thoseof many others--to make systematic measurements ofthe solar spectrum down through the years and to dothat well. An example of doing that well is JimBrault's photometry at Kitt Peak. What has beendone in the visible has to be done for the rest ofthe solar spectrum. We had a workshop here inApril on the physical output of the sun, and acollection of the papers and summary of where we'reat will be coming out as a book. The book will bea way for all of us who make measurements to seewhere we are. I think we'll be able to see whatremains to be done to determine the variability ofsolar output. Given the resources of the nationalobservatories, we'll be asking what observations canbe made from the ground in the visible spectrum aspart of a basic research program in solar variabil-ity. The solar cycle is eleven years long; thelonger we put it off, the further behind we'll get.The observations are what we'll finally have to comeback to and face up to as far as explanations go."

The climatologists agree that the solar impacton climate can't be determined without bettermeasurements of the solar output and its variability.Dick is encouraging the people who can do themeasurements, at the risk of feeling dull and re-petitive, to go and do them. "I really think that'sthe next thing, the scientifically responsiblething," he reiterates. "That isn't serendipity,"he winces. "It may be a capacity to acquire theright worries." 0 MM

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ROBIN STEBBINS TO GIVE

HOLLOW SQUARE LECTURE"The Shape of the Sun" will be the topic of a

Hollow Square lecture to be given by Robin Stebbinson Friday, 13 August, in the Main Seminar Room.Refreshments will be served at 3:45 p.m., and thetalk will begin at 4:00.

While working on a Ph.D. degree in the Depart-ment of Physics and Astrophysics at the Universityof Colorado, Robin held a graduate assistantshipsponsored jointly by NCAR's High Altitude Observa-tory and Advanced Study Program (ASP). Last yearhe was an ASP postdoctoral fellow. He explains,"The sun is very nearly a sphere," but its exactshape has been eluding astronomers for over twocenturies. Today, he says, there is "a growing webof evidence suggesting that our current picture ofthe sun is neither complete nor dynamic enough."

NCAR's Hollow Square lecture series is aninstitution with a long history. The term wasbrought to the High Altitude Observatory by WalterOrr Roberts from the Harvard College Observatory,where seminars on current questions in science wereheld in a room with tables arranged in a hollowsquare formation. When Walt became president ofUCAR, he brought the hollow square concept with him.

Henry van de Boogaard serves as planner andmaster of ceremonies for the series. The lecturesare usually nontechnical and the topics range overall of science. All NCAR staff members and visitorsare welcome to attend and participate in the dis-cussions. Any staff members who would like tocontribute to the series by giving a lecture orsuggesting a topic or speaker should call Henry atext. 236 or send him a note. e

ARTISTS TO BE SELECTED FOR NCAR SHOWINGS

The work of seven artists will be selected by anNCAR jury for a new series of one-person shows tobegin in September, as part of NCAR's community artexhibit program. Each artist's work will hang forone month in the second floor gallery area of theMesa Laboratory, which is open to visitors as wellas staff.

Artists interested in submitting work for con-sideration should call the NCAR Information Officeby Monday, 30 August, at ext. 262 between 8:00 a.m.and 2:30 p.m. They will be asked to bring somerepresentative samples of their work to the Mesa Labon Wednesday, 1 September, for consideration by thejury. The artists whose works are selected forexhibition will be notified by 3 September.

(continued)

Because of space limitations, works to be exhib-ited must be able to hang vertically, such aspaintings, prints, photographs, and weavings. Sofar, this year's art exhibit program has includedportraits by Susan Miller Curtin, batik prints byPaul Lester, photographs by John Ward, graphics byKathy Everett, and a collection of American Indianpaintings. *

HUNDREDS TOUR THE MESA LAB

Mote than 400 people have taken advantage of theguided tou& o6 the Mesa Laboratoty being of>'eedthi. summe, Monday thaough F4iday. Visitoz haveinctuded gAoups from Colorado State UniveAsity; theUniversitie. o6 Colorado, Northern Colotado, andWyoming; the YWCA; Civit AiA Pattol cadet6; andmany otheA inteAezted individuatz. Tou&s are givenby thee ttained guides on a %otating schedute.The summet touA ptogtam, managed by the IndotmationOffice, witt continue thtough F'iday, 3 SeptembeA.The guide6--Randi Londet, Sara MooLe, and LoannRobinzon--wiU atso give touA in the f at tostudent6 on field ttps. Shown here ia RandiL,explaining a s6uperpess6uAe battoon and it6 paytoadto a gAoup o6 visitor. (Photo by Robet Bumpas.)


IT'S YOUR LAST CHANCE TO SUGGEST THE FINAL FATE OF THE FOUNTAIN

NCAR's fill in the fountain contest, announcedin Staff Note on 25 June, has resulted in a flurryof entries. Here are sketches of a few of thesuggestions and "entry blank" sketches of the areafor you to draw your own ideas. Suggestions orsketches should be submitted to the InformationOffice by 30 August for consideration by the ArtAdvisory Committee and the Plant Maintenancedepartment.

1f--D /cc4VE -rtI O P11

SEE OFFICIAL ENTRY BLANK ON NEXT PAGE

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OFFICIAL ENTRY BLANK

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ANNOUNCEMENTS

NEW NCAR ENGINEERS REGISTER IS AVAILABLE

Copies of the new edition of the NCAR EngineexuReg~WteA are available from Billie Wheat at NCARext. 392 or at the NCAR address. This edition ofthe register lists all NCAR staff members withengineering experience, as of June 1976, and spec-ifies the particular areas in which they haveworked. The register is intended to help the NCARstaff and university colleagues in communicatingwith the NCAR engineering staff.

REPORT ON THIS WEEK'S PERSONNEL POLICY TASK GROUPMEETING TO APPEAR NEXT WEEK

Reports on the meetings of the ad hoc personnelpolicies task group held this week and next willappear in next week's S-taij No-tul. Meetings of thegroup are open to all staff members. The nextmeeting will be held on Monday, 9 August, at10:30 a.m. in the Damon Room.

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VISITORS

SHORT-TERM

C.S. Chang, South Dakota School of Mines and Tech-nology. Field of interest: Numerical simulation ofcloud and precipitation processes. 26 July-15 August. Computing carrels, dial "0" for pagingservice.--Computing Facility

C.S. Chen, South Dakota School of Mines and Tech-nology. Field of interest: Numerical simulation ofcloud and precipitation processes. 26 July-15 August. Computing carrels, dial "0" for pagingservice.-- Computing Facility

Arnold Gordon, Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory.Field of interest: Physical oceanography.1-31 August. ML room 424, ext. 696.-- Harry van Loon, Roy Jenne

Gisela Kutzbach, Madison, Wisconsin. Field ofinterest: Meteorological history. 4-17 August.ML room 520A, ext. 406.--Maurice L. Blackmon

Allan Lillich, Oregon State University. Field ofinterest: Upper ocean response to meteorologicalforcing. 9-23 August. Computing carrels, dial"0" for paging service.-- Computing Facility

Frank Miller, Wright-Ingraham Institute. Field ofinterest: Weather data storage and acquisitionsystems. 28 July-l August. Computing carrel 6,dial "0" for paging service.--Computing Facility

Harold Orville, South Dakota School of Mines andTechnology. Field of interest: Numerical simulationof cloud and precipitation processes. 26 July-15 August. Computing carrels, dial "0" for pagingservice.--Computing Facility

Peter Ray, NSSL, Norman, Oklahoma. Field ofinterest: Meteorology. 21-27 July.--Bob Serafin

Jim Simpson, Oregon State University. Field ofinterest: Upper ocean response to meteorologicalforcing. 9-23 August. Computing carrels, dial "0"for paging service.-- Computing Facility

John Ward, Purdue University. Field of interest:Kinetic energy budget studies. 8-29 August.ML room 602, ext. 418.-- David Baumhefner

H. Yeh, South Dakota School of Mines and Tech-nology. Field of interest: Numerical simulation ofcloud and precipitation processes. 26 July-15 August. Computing carrels, dial "0" for pagingservice.--Computing Facility

LONG-TERM

Boon Chye Low, Nanyang University, Singapore.Field of interest: Solar hydromagnetics.28 August-l October. HAO room 126, ext. 381-33.--Gordon Newkirk

As of August 4, 1976

NCAR is an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer.

Women and minority applicants are encouraged to identify themselves.A copy of our Affirmative Action Plan is available for review.John R. Arnold, Director, Equal Opportunity Programs

Staff members and those on lay-off who wish to be considered for a position shouldcontact the Employment Coordinator within two weeks after the job is first posted.If qualified, these persons will be given first consideration; if possible, the positionwill be filled from this group. After the two-week period, if no current or laid-offemployee is selected to fill the position persons from outside NCAR will be considered.For more information, please contact the Personnel Office (ext. 555 or 569).

REGULAR (Full-time):

BUDGET AND PLANNING SPECIALIST: For the Budget

and Planning Office. To assist divisions, projects,facilities, and departments in the development oflong-range (five-year) and short-range (one andtwo-year) plans and budgets. Also to prepareanalyses for Director of NCAR and President ofUCAR and Trustees of budget implications of variousplanning and budget strategies. As well as to

* perform detailed analyses of options and the budgetsat the project, facility or department level, toinsure consistency with organizational objectivesand staffing and funding targets and to performspecialized budgetary analyses as required. Toassist in upgrading systems for developing andanalyzing budgets and program plans and preparebudget documents and presentations includingwritten descriptions of scientific plans andstatistical data. Also to respond to requests bythe National Science Foundation for descriptionsand analyses of various aspects of the NCAR program.Requirements include a B.S. degree in public orbusiness administration, accounting, finance orrelated field plus a minimum of five years progres-sive experience in budgeting, corporate planning,cost analysis, or related management function,preferably in a scientific or technical organiza-tion. Must be able to work well with high levelscientists and managers; must be able to work wellunder pressure and to meet externally-imposeddeadlines; must have demonstrated ability toproduce analytical budget, planning or relatedstudies. Exempt range 59. Anticipated hire-insalary range: $18,400-23,000/year. This positionmay be filled after August 21, 1976.

DEPUTY MANAGER FOR ADMINISTRATION: For the FieldObserving Facility. This job involves administrative,technical, and supervisory responsibilities.

Administration: to act as an office manager bywriting letters, preparing recurring reports,preparing annual and multi-year budgets and programplans, monitoring spending plans, dealing withpersonnel matters, processing purchase requisitions.Technical: to evaluate requests for FOF support,make recommendations for the deployment, operationsand maintenance of meteorological systems. Be

constantly aware of technical equipment inventoriesand operational status. Coordinate approval and

use of meteorological systems with university,NCAR, and governmental research scientists.Prepares logistic and operations plans andmonitors their implementation. Supervisory: toact for the manager in his absence. Coordinatesthe activities of the FOF staff. Supervises theoperation of the mechanical shop and two employees.Requirements include a B.S. in Meteorology orEngineering (experience may be substituted fordegree), and ten years background using meteorologi-cal systems for research work. Knowledge ofelectronics, radar and computers is highlydesirable. Exempt range 58. Anticipated hire-insalary range: $16,800-21,O00/year. This positionmay be filled after August 11, 1976.

ELECTRONIC ENGINEER II: For the High AltitudeObservatory (HAO) Mark III K-coronameter andProminence Monitor. The Engineer in charge of theElectronics Shop will supervise the work for thisposition. Work assignments will be directed towardtransferring design concepts and criteria establishedin HAO prototype instrumentation to construct areliable, scientifically operable and field main-tainable installation at a remote site (Mauna LoaObservatory, Hawaii). Work will involve controlsystem and maintenance module design; specificationof technical standards and procedures for documenta-tion, electronic packaging, system interconnection,grounding and shielding, and component assemblymethods. This position will ential technicalsupervision of a considerable fraction of the effort

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of electronic technicians who will construct thesystem electronics and prepare the formal documenta-tion of electronic subassemblies. Because thisinstrument utilizes both sensitive analog and highspeed digital data handling and control elements inclose proximity, a minimum of five years experiencein successful electronic measuring instrument designand manufactur! is required. Experience may be inany two of the following areas: video data handlingsystems, mini-or microcomputer process controlequipment utilizing both sensors and actuators,digitized sensitive electrometer instrumentation,high speed digitally multiplexed communicationsequipment, or digitized optical measuring instru-ments operating in the visible or infrared.Minimum educational requirement is a B.S. degreein electrical engineering or engineering physics.Experience or education must include currenttechnical and design terminology and stardards thatcan be utilized in the documentation and proceduresused by technicians. Exempt range 56. Anticipatedhire-in salary range: $13,300-16,650/year. Thisposition may be filled at any time. THIS POSITIONIS BEING OFFERED AS A TERM APPOINTMENT WHICH WILLEND ON 1 OCTOBER 1978.

PH.D. STATISTICIAN: For the Environmental andSocietal Impacts Group. Working with Group Leaderon the analysis of data related to the relationshipsbetween hailfall parameters and crop damage.Also assisting in design and management ofcooperative hail-crop damage network. Working withGroup Leader and Ph.D. research economist on theformulation and evaluation of probablistic andstatistical models related to the value and use ofweather forecasts by the electrical utilityindustry. To work with Ph.D. research economiston the design of data collection procedures andthe analysis of data related to estimating theprimary and secondary economic effects of ahypothetical operational hail suppression program.The candidate will also be working with atmosphericscientists at NCAR and in the university communityon problems related to interactions between theatmosphere and man's activities. Also, to assistGroup Leader and Ph.D. research economist inplanning and evaluating the Group's researchprogram and in carrying out various administrativetasks. Minimum requirements include a Ph.D. instatistics or in mathematics, operations research,or systems analysis with a strong background instatistics. Background in one or more fields ofapplication such as agriculture, economics,meteorology, etc., is desirable. At least oneyear's research experience in applied statisticsbeyond the Ph.D. Experience in applying probablisticand statistical models to real data is required.Experience in solving statistical problems relatedto assessing environmental and societal impacts ofscientific and/or technological developments ishighly desirable. Experience in inferential anddecision-making aspects of statistics is alsodesirable. Experience should also include the useof large computers as a research tool; for example,in formulating and evaluating probabilistic andstatistical models. Experience working withatmospheric scientists or working on atmosphericscience porblems is also highly desirable. Exempt

range 58. Anticipated hire-in salary range:$16,800-21,00/year. This position may be filledat any time.

PROGRAMMER/TECHNICIAN: For the Numerical WeatherPrediction Project. To assist in processing andgraphical display of data generated by the U.S.Data Systems Test and the First GARP GlobalExperiment. Under close supervision, the programmertechnician will write programs to process anddisplay large amounts of meteorological data andbe responsible for the operation of a mechanicalplotter, i.e., for routine maintenance, orderingsupplies, scheduling usage, and calling repairmen.Working hours will be primarily 8:00a.m. to 5:00p.m., but during some weeks may be 1:00 a.m. to9:00 a.m. Requirements include two years ofcollege education-with coursework emphasizingcomputer science, mathematics, engineering orphysical science. They should have knowledge ofbasic programming skills and hardware operation andat least six months of Fortran training orprogramming experience. Familiarity with theoperation of mechanical plotters is desirable.Non-exempt range 19. Anticipated hire-in salaryrange: $9,000-10,400/year. This position may befilled by an in-house applicant after August 15,1976 or after September 1, 1976 by an outsideapplicant.

STAFF SCIENTIST (RESEARCH ECONOMIST): For theEnvironmental and Societal Impacts Group. Assumingprimary responsibility for carrying out in-depthstudy of the economic effects of hail suppressionwithin the framework of an ongoing projectconcerned with the environmental and societalimpacts and implications of operational hailsuppression programs. Participating in the designand evaluation of the results of studies of theecological/environmental, social, and legal/political impacts of hail suppression being conduct-ed in conjunction with the National Hail ResearchExperiment. Also, assisting Group Leader indesigning and conducting in-depth study of thevalue and use of weather forecasts in the electricalutility industry. Working with atmosphericscientists at NCAR and in the university community

on problems related to interactions between theatmosphere and man's activities. Assisting GroupLeader in planning and evaluating the Group'sresearch program and in carrying out variousadministrative tasks. Minimum requirements includethree years research experience beyond the Ph.D.in resource or environmental economics, systemsanalysis, geography, or a related area. Experiencein applying methodologies such as benefit-costanalysis, input-output analysis, decision analysis,and technology assessment is required. Experienceshould include the use of large computers as aresearch tool; for example, in building andanalyzing simulation models. Experience workingwith atmospheric scientists or working onatmospheric science problems is also desirable.Ph.D. in resource or environmental economics orin systems analysis, geography, or a related fieldwith a strong background in economics. Backgroundin agricultural economics, statistics, and/oroperations research is also highly desirable.

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Exempt range 58. Anticipated hire-in salary range:. $16,800-21,000/year. This position may be filledat any time.

SPECIAL PROJECT (Full-time):

APPLICATIONS PROGRAMMER III: For the DropwindsondeProject. The windfinding Dropsonde developed atNCAR samples the atmosphere measuring pressure,temperature, humidity and wind. A vertical soundingis made, the data being transmitted to the launchingaircraft. A program exists which is used topostprocess the sonde data. The holder of thisposition will maintain the program, do a smallamount of data reduction and most importantlyupgrade the program for increased sophisticationand reduced manual intervention. The candidatewill take the lead in the management, design andimplementation of codes for large data set manage-ment, analysis, and quality control. The generalcapabilities needed are: (1) Processor design fordata retrieval, error control, filtering, and otherreconstruction techniques; (2) Analysis design forthe display and interrogation of data for scientificinvestigation, including such popular analyses asspectrum analysis, functional fitting, statistics,graphics, etc. and (3) Data management design forthe collection, cataloging, and archiving of datasets for easy access by the scientific community.Requirements include a M.S. degree in computerscience, mathematics, engineering, or physicalscience, or equivalent in experience gained in thedesign and implementation of data systems: knowledgeof data collection systems; experience in designof data control systems such as automated data re-covery, error control and maintenance systems; anddesign of analysis systems including display capa-bilities and diagnostic analysis. FORTRAN pro-gramming. Exempt range 58. Anticipated hire-insalary range: $16,140-20,000/year. This positionmay be filled after August 21, 1976. This positionis open for one year with a possible extensionthrough 1979.

ENGINEER I: For the Constant Level BalloonSystem Program. The job involves working on ateam that will develop a balloonborne meteorologi-cal measurement system for a tropical meteorologicalexperiment. The person will assist in design and-development of components and test equipment;contract monitoring, test flight phase, and balloonlaunching phase. Occasional physical activitysuch as moderate lifting and moving will alsobe required. The applicant must be willing tospend extended periods of time on field assignment.This would consist of two four-week periods ona remote island site during test flight programsand two eight-week periods during the finallaunch program. The applicant must be in goodhealth and be able to pass a routine physicalexamination. The applicant should be tempera-mentally suited to work in remote isolatedlocations where the only other contacts will beother members of the balloon launch team.Applicants should include reference to previousfield experience in their resumes. Requirements

* include a B.S. in Electrical Engineering orPhysics, the ability to do moderate lifting.

Course work or experience in the following areaswould be recommended: Antenna evaluation, digitallogic, digital designs utilizing microprocessors,computer and calculator programming, radiofrequency circuits, magnetics, thermal design.In most cases experience cannot be substituted foreducation. Exempt range 54. Anticipated hire-insalary range: $11,000-13,750/year. This positionmay be filled after August 7, 1976.

STAFF SCIENTIST: For the National Hail ResearchExperiment (NHRE) to lead a group to investigatethe design, conduct and evaluation of a randomizedseeding experiment aimed at testing the feasibilityof altering hail and rain processes and determiningthe extent to which beneficial weather modificationcan be achieved. Immediate critical tasks willinvolve guiding a group of investigators in thesearch for hailfall covariates, examining theutility of such covariates as an aid in theevaluation of a statistical experiment, choosingthe seeding method thought to be most appropriatefor producing beneficial effects, designing asurface network adequate to detect seeding effects,and defining the critical measurements required tosupport in other ways the evaluation of therandomized seeding experiment. The scientistwill be expected to work in close cooperationwith other elements of the NHRE program and willdirectly supervise twelve to fifteen researchers.The scientist must have extensive experience (10 ormore years) in research associated with weathermodification programs including design, operationand analysis. The applicant must also have a demon-strated expertise in various aspects of severestorm research, including an understanding ofsynoptic influences and forecasting problems.The applicant is expected to have a Ph.D. orequivalent experience in Atmospheric Science.Exempt range 62. Anticipated hire-in salary range:$24,500-35,000. This position may be filled atany time. The NHRE project is expected to continuethrough June 30, 1979.

SUPPORT SCIENTIST I: For the ATM Special ProjectStaff To assist in the reduction of the SkylabApollo Telescope Mount White Light Coronagraph Data.Duties will include digitizing film data with a highspeed microdensitometer which is controlled by a PDP8 computer, FORTRAN programming for data manipulation,preparation of scientific data and results for pre-sentations and publications. Must be able to workresearch problems with the ATM scientific staff byinterpretation and analysis of data, also must workwell independently after consultation with staff.Minimum two (2) years experience in scientific dataanalysis techniques. Requirements include a B.S.in physics/astronomy and FORTRAN programming andsmall computer experience. Previous experience withmicrodensitometer and general knowledge of the photo-graphic process desirable. Minimum five (5) yearsexperience in solar scientific data analysis of photo-graphic data may be substituted for education. Ex-perience must include microdensitometry, photography,programming and small computer operation. Exemptrange 54. Anticipated hire-in salary range:

$11,400-14,300/year. This position may be filledafter August 18, 1976 by an in-house applicant orafter September 4, 1976 by an outside applicant.

SYNOPTIC/MESOSCALE METEOROLOGIST: For the NationalHail Research Experiment (NHRE) to work on theconnections between mesoscale meteorology and thosefeatures of severe storms that are thought toinfluence the production of hail. The scientistwill be expected to study problems related to thepossibilities of using synoptic and mesoscalemeteorological data, as an aid to seeding operationsfor hail suppression, and as a possible convariate,in the statistical analysis of the randomized seed-ing experiment. The scientist will be expected towork in close cooperation with radar meteorologistsand cloud physicists on these problems, but to bringas his particular specialty a demonstrated knowledgeand judgment in mesoscale and storm scale meteorology.The selected candidate will supervise one full-timescientist at the M.S. level. Requirements includea Ph.D. or equivalent in synoptic or mesoscalemeteorology with severe storm research experience.Academic training or research experience in theapplication of statistical techniques is alsorequired. Exempt range 58-60. Anticipated hire-in salary range: $16,800-25,400. This positionmay be filled at any time. The NHRE project isexpected to Continue through June 30, 1979.

CASUAL:

SECRETARY: For the Atmospheric Analysis andPrediction Division. To perform general upkeepof office and filing system for scientific journaland related duties: typing, setting up files,contacting reviewers, handling mail, catalogingpublications, etc. Requirements include generalknowledge of secretarial skills and typing at 60wpm,also shorthand at 60 wpm. Non-exempt range: 17.Anticipated hire-in salary range: $650-750/month(Full-time equivalent). This position may be filledafter August 8, 1976. This position will last fortwo (2) months.

August 9 through August 16, 1976

MONDAY, August 9

* ASP/NWP/ESIG Summer Colloquium Seminar --Economic Benefits of Improved MeteorologicalForecasts, Joel Greenberg, ECON Inc., Princeton,New Jersey

10:00 a.m.Fleischmann BuildingWalter Orr Roberts Seminar Room

* ASP/NWP/ESIG Summer Colloquium Seminar --Real-Time Use of Cross Sections in anIterative Mode, John Cahir, PennsylvaniaState University

1:30 p.m.Fleischmann BuildingWalter Orr Roberts Seminar Room

* ASP Summer Student Fellowship Seminar Series --Response Calculations for Single ParticleOptical Counters, Jeanette Wright, ASP, andEdward Patterson, AQM

1:30 p.m.NCAR Mesa Laboratory, Damon Room

TUESDAY, August 10

* ASP/NWP/ESIG Summer Colloquium Seminar --Temperature Forecasting for the Gas andElectrical Utility Industries, Peter Leavitt,Weather Services Corporation, Bedford,Massachusetts


* ATD/Computing Facility Seminar -- Topics inData Management, Rob Gerritsen, WhartonSchool, University of Pennsylvania

10:00 a.m.NCAR Mesa Laboratory, Main Seminar Room

* ASP/NWP/ESIG Summer Colloquium Seminar -- TheValue of Weather Information: The Long andShort of It, Harold Cochrane, Colorado StateUniversity


TUESDAY, August 10 (cont'd)

* ATD/Computing Facility Seminar -- A User'sExperience Bringing Up an RJE Terminal,Grover Simmons and Louise Morrison,Atlanta University

1:30 p.m.NCAR Mesa Laboratory, Main Seminar Room

* ASP Summer Student Fellowship Seminar Series --Use of Shallow Water Equation Model to Predicta Cut-Off Low, Margaret Phillips-McCalla andCarl McCalla, ASP, and Warren Washington andDavid Williamson, AAP

3:00 p.m.NCAR Mesa Laboratory, Damon Room

WEDNESDAY, August 11

* ASP/NWP/ESIG Summer Colloquium Seminar --Weather Forecasting for Commodity Interests,Peter Leavitt, Weather Services Corporation,Bedford, Massachusetts


* ASP/NWP/ESIG Summer Colloquium Seminar -- TheValue of Weather Information: The Long andShort of It (cont'd), Harold Cochrane,Colorado State University


THURSDAY, August 12

* ATD/Computing Facility Seminar -- ComputerLanguages and Grammars that Generate Them,Grover Simmons, Atlanta University

9:00 a.m.NCAR Mesa Laboratory, Director's Conference Room

* ASP/NWP/ESIG Summer Colloquium Lecture --Prospects for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts,Lennart Bengtssen, European Center forMedium-Range Weather Forecasts


Calendar Notes annquncements may be mailed toVonda Giesey, ML -41. Wednesday at 12:00 noon isthe deadline for items to be included in the Calendar Notes.

CALENDAR NOTES (continued)

Thursday, August 12 (cont'd)

* ATD/Computing Facility Seminar -- Topics inData Management, Rob Gerritsen, WhartonSchool, University of Pennsylvania

10:00 a.m.NCAR Mesa Laboratory, Main Seminar Room

* HAO Colloquium -- Solar Wind - MagnetosphereCoupling, Nancy Crooker, UCLA

11:00 a.m.HAO Classroom 138

* ASP/NWP/ESIG Summer Colloquium Seminar -- TheAFOS Program and Some Forecast Applications,William Klein, National Weather Service


* ATD/Computing Facility Seminar -- The NCAR GCM,Warren Washington, AAP


* Visitor Reception -- Refreshments

All visitors, student program participants,and NCAR staff welcome

4:00 p.m.NCAR Mesa Laboratory, Cafeteria

FRIDAY, August 13

* ASP/NWP/ESIG Summer Colloquium Seminar --Metapredictability, Richard Somerville, AAP


* Hollow Square -- The Shape of the Sun, RobinStebbins, ASP

3:45 p.m. Refreshments4:00 p.m. SeminarNCAR Mesa Laboratory, Main Seminar Room

MONDAY, August 16

* ASP Summer Student Fellowship Seminar Series --Studies of Anthropogenic Aerosol Particles,Domingo Rocha, Jr., ASP, and Gerald Grams,AQM


* Climate Club Meeting -- Weather Variability andGrain Production in the U.S. Midwest, LouisThompson, College of Agriculture, Iowa StateUniversity


a talk with dick white

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