a study on the safety and welfare measures provided to the employees at cochin port trust, cochin

7/28/2019 A study on the safety and welfare measures provided to the employees at Cochin Port Trust, Cochin

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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY

Safety and welfare measures are inevitable to any organization where

workers are involved. An organizations responsibility to its employees extends

beyond the payment of wages for their services. The employees safety and

welfare on and off the job within the organization is a vital concern of the

employer. Providing a safe and healthy environment is a pre-requisite for any

productive effort. This research deals with the study on the safety and welfare

measures provided to the employees at Cochin Port Trust.

1.1.1 Problem Identification

Unlike other industries, the employees of the Port are often exposed to

different and new cargo which they may not have been familiar with earlier. The

employees have to deal with huge machinery and handle heavy cargo and

containers. The unfamiliarity in the nature of cargo they handle and the danger

involved in handling them makes the employees prone to higher degree of risk.

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Satisfying or fulfilling the safety and security needs of the workers,

would give them a better motivation and more time to concentrate on job

performance. A voluntary approach on the part of the management to offer

welfare programmes which are over and above what is laid down by the law,

would boost the morale of the employees and motivate them to perform better. A

preliminary study conducted by the researcher with respect to safety and welfare

showed that there was scope for improvement in certain areas. This formed the

basis of the research problem.

1.1.2 Objectives of the study

Primary Objective : To study the level of satisfaction of employees regarding

safety and welfare measures at Cochin Port Trust.

Secondary Objectives : To study the perception of the employees regarding the

safety and welfare measures provided to them.

To analyze if the level of satisfaction is different among the various

categories of employees and departments.

To suggest provision of more safety and welfare measures to improve

the performance of the employees.

1.1.3 Scope of the study

This study would give an overview of the safety and welfare measures

existing at Cochin Port Trust. Since safety and welfare are two important

elements essential for improving the productivity of an organization, a study on

the existing safety and welfare measures would help the organization perform

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better. This study would throw light on the perception of the employees regarding

safety and welfare. Cochin Port Trust can identify the areas where it can improve

so as to improve the performance of the employees. This study would also help

to analyze if there is a dependence between departments and categories and

the level of satisfaction of safety and welfare measures and suggest provisions of

more safety and welfare measures.

1.1.4 Limitations of the study

The study was restricted to the class III and class IV non ministerial

staff of Cochin Port Trust.

Due to time constraints the sample size had to be confined to 150.

The respondents have replied to the queries recalling from their

memory. Therefore recall bias and personal bias are possible.

Since the data was collected using a schedule, the interviewers

inability to understand and record the responses correctly is possible.

The respondents were unable or unwilling to give a complete and

accurate response to certain questions.

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1.2 COMPANY PROFILE

1.2.1 The profile of the company

Cochin has been an important gateway to India for centuries in the

past for merchants and seafarers of the West and the Middle East. It enjoys a

unique locational advantage lying on the direct sea route to Australia and the Far

East from Europe. The cruising distance to Cochin from this main route is a mere

10 nautical miles, making Cochin nearer to the maritime highway than Colombo.

The Port is the natural gateway to the vast potential industrial complex and

growing produce markets of South West India. The Port of Cochin is located on

the Willingdon Island at latitude 9 degree 58 north and longitude 76 degree 14

east on the South West coast of India about 930 km south of Bombay and 320

km north of Kanyakumari.

The architect of the modern port of Cochin was Sir Robert Bristow, the

harbour engineer of Madras Government. It was due to his tireless efforts and

unparalleled devotion that made the Cochin Port a reality. It became a Major Port

in 1936. Cochin Port also boasts to be the first Indian port to receive container

vessels in 1973. The Port provides round-the-clock pilotage to ships. There is an

efficient network of railways, roads, waterways and airways connecting the Port

with the different hinterland centers spread over the states of Kerala, Tamil Nadu

and Karnataka.

1.2.2 Organization structure

Cochin Port Trust is an autonomous body under Government of India

and is managed by a Board of Trustees constituted by the Government of India.

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This board is headed by the Chairman. The Government of India may from time

to time nominate the trustees in the board representing various interests.

The Port Trust Board consists of

The Chairman, the Dy. Chairman and members representing

a) The India Navy

b) Ministry of Surface Transport

c) Government of Kerala

d) Customs Department

e) Indian Railways

f) Sea Food Industries

g) Cochin Refineries

h) Ship Owners Association

i) Chambers of Commerce and Industries

j) Labour Representatives

The various departments at CoPT are Administrative dept, Central

Accounts dept, Traffic dept, Mechanical Engineering dept, Civil Engineering dept,

Marine dept and Medical dept.

1.2.3 Vallarpadam Container Transshipment Terminal

For the development of an International Container Transshipment

Terminal, Cochin port has the geographical locational advantage of being very

close to the trunk trade route between Europe / Arabian Gulf & Far east / USA.

There is also a large area of vacant land in Vallarpadam Island, adjacent to

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deeper channels for the development of the terminal. Dubai Ports International,

one of the worlds leading port operators have signed an agreement with the

CoPT to construct, develop and operate an ICTT at Vallarpadam. DPI has been

granted a 38 year concession for the exclusive operation and management of the

site and will share 33.33% of the revenue with CoPT. The container hub project

at Vallarpadam is expected to be completed in four years ad commercial

operations in another one year. Construction of a new four-lane bridge and

highway access to the Golden Quadrilateral road network is already under way.

IGTL has taken over container operations at the RGCT from April.

Vallarpadam is the largest single-operator container terminal currently

planned in India and the first in the country to operate in a SEZ. The new terminal

is expected to reduce Indias dependence on foreign ports to handle

transshipment of cargo. Strategically located on the main east-west global

shipping lanes, Cochin is destined to develop as the premier gateway to

Southern India while offering an alternative to Sri Lanka and Singapore for

container transshipment.

1.2.4 Safety and welfare measures at Cochin Port Trust

Safety and Welfare measures at Cochin Port Trust is as per the

Factories Act, 1948 in the workshop and the Dock Workers (Safety, Health &

Welfare) Regulations, 1990 in the wharf.

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Safety measures provided to the employees at Cochin Port Trust

Cochin Port Trust keeps up a safety day orsafety week every year as

per the instructions from the National Safety Council. This is in view to give

awareness to workmen about the necessity of safety in the workplace and the

duty of the workers to follow safety. Notices are displayed about the programmes

that are to be held. The safety flag is hoisted and a safety pledge is taken.

At Cochin Port Trust a safety committee has been formed comprising

of equal representations from the workers and the management. The safety

committee meets once in six months and makes a study on the safety

precautions and measures, hears any defects reported by the workers and

immediate actions are taken to rectify them. Various safety measures are

provided for the employees of Cochin Port Trust. Uniforms are provided for all

the employees. Safety helmets according to ISI standards are provided. Non-skid

safety shoes with metal covering in the front to protect the foot are provided.

Aprons, goggles, gloves, gum boots, safety belts and ear pads are provided tothe employees. Monthly safety training programmes are conducted wherein

two employees from each of the two wharfs are chosen to attend the training at

the Cochin Port Training Institute.

Some of the safety training programmes attended by the employees are:

STCW 95 : Standard Training Certificate of Watch Keeping

EFA : Elementary First Aid

PSSR : Personal Safety Social Response

FPFF : Fire Prevention and Fire Fighting

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To monitor the safety provisions of the Port, there are two safety

Inspectors appointed by the Government The Inspector of Factories and

Boilers for the workshop and the Dock Safety Inspector for the wharfs. The

Safety Inspectors conduct inspections once in three months and record their

observations.

Safety, Health and Environment Policy

Cochin Port Trust is committed to ensuring safety and health of its

employees who shall adhere to the safe working practices and safety policy and

to adherences to statutory safety regulations applicable to port besides protection

of environment in all port operations.

Welfare measures provided to the employees at Cochin Port Trust

Cochin Port Trust provides various amenities to the employees in

addition to the primary facilities like drinking water, latrines and washing facilities.

Medical facilities : A general hospital with 150 beds has been provided with

analytical laboratory, X-ray facilities, ultraviolet rays, E.C.G facilities, infra red

rays, air-conditioned operation theatre, labour room etc,. Various specialists also

visit the Port Hospital weekly for special treatment. A well equipped dispensary

functions in the workshop. The Port Hospital renders its services to all employees

their dependents, retired employees and their spouses.

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Canteens : There are 12 canteens functioning in Cochin Port Trust and all of

them are run by welfare clubs :

Workshop Canteen, Container Terminal Canteen, Ernakulam Wharf

Canteen, Hospital Canteen, Sanitary Canteen, Civil Section Canteen, E.D.C

Canteen, Marine Canteen, C.A.D Canteen, Port works Canteen, Mattanchery

Wharf Canteen, Officers Canteen.

They have been given utensils, rent free accommodation, furniture,

water and electricity. Out of these 12 canteens, a sum of Rs. 1.1 lakh per month

is given to the Welfare Club for running the Workshop Canteen as subsidy, which

is a canteen under the Factories Act.

Rest rooms, Shelters and Lunch rooms are provided in all work sites/sections.

Recreational and cultural facilities

Reading rooms, libraries, clubs and sports and games have been provided for

the employees of CoPT.

Family Planning Programmes : Family Planning Operations and follow up

attention is undertaken at the Port hospital freely. In addition to the above,

special casual leave, sach awards etc., are given to Port employees/ their

spouses who undergo family planning operations according to the Government of

India rules from time to time.

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Educational facilities : Children Educational Allowance and reimbursement of

tuition fees are granted upto Higher Secondary classes according to Government

rules. Various schools that are functioning in the Port Trust are Sisu Vihar

(Nursery school), Sir Robert Bristow Primary and Secondary School and

Kendriya Vidyalaya. Scholarships are awarded to the deserving children of Port

employees.

Transport Facilities : Except in the case of crew of floating crafts, no free

transport is provided. But the Port provides loans for employees for purchasing

two wheelers or four wheelers.

Co-operative Establishments : Cochin Port Employees Co-operative Society

runs a bank providing loan facilities and financial assistance to the Port

employees. The Society runs a Death-Cum-Retirement benefit scheme by which

the employees are benefited.

Housing Facilities : A total of 944 residential quarters are being provided by the

Port Trust for their employees.

Shopping Facilities : Shop rooms have been given on nominal rents to the Civil

Supplies Corporation and Ernakulam Department Store for running grocery shop.

A branch of Kendriya Bhandar, three kiosks and a shopping center are also

functioning in the Willington Island.

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First Aid Facilities : First aides have been posted at the following places with

necessary first aid boxes at Dry Dock, South Coal Berth, North Coal Berth,

Mattanchery Wharf and Ernakulam Wharf. Ambulance vans are also provided at

the Port Hospital.

Ex-gratia payments : Ex-gratia payments are usually made when a worker or

his family member is directed by the Port Hospital for specialist treatment to other

hospitals, when the treatment involves a sizeable expenditure which is not re-

imbursable, when the workman is on EOL for a long time on account of illness,

for funeral expenses of employees in respect of whom requests are received, to

give relief to those who suffer from natural calamities like storm , fire etc.

Compassionate appointments : In the event of employees dying in harness or

medically invalidated, their next of kins are registered fro employment assistance

and provided employment depending upon their qualification and availability of

vacancies.

1.3 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

In 1998 a study was conducted on the welfare measures provided to

the employees of CoPT by Ms. N Sangeetha of Bharathiyar University. This

study was based on the Class I and Class II employees contrary to my project

work which focuses only on the Class III, Class IV non-ministerial staff. This was

helpful to me with regard to the selection of samples and using statistical tools. I

have done my research work independently and both the studies are

independent.

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Definitions of safety

The condition of being safe; freedom from danger, risk, or injury.

the state of being certain that adverse effects will not be caused by

some agent under defined conditions

Occupational safety is concerned with risks in areas where people

work: offices, manufacturing plants, farms, construction sites, and

commercial and retail facilities. Public safety is concerned with

hazards in the home, in travel and recreation, and in other

situations that do not fall within the scope of occupational safety.

Definitions of welfare

Anything done for the intellectual, physical, moral and economic

betterment of the workers, whether by employers, by government

or by other agencies, over and above what is laid down by law or

what is normally expected of the contractual benefits for which

workers may have bargained.

Well-doing or well-being in any respect; the enjoyment of health

and the common blessings of life; exemption from any evil or

calamity; prosperity; happiness.

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CHAPTER 2

METHODOLOGY AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

2.1 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research methodology is a way of systematically solving the research

problem. Research methodology deals with the research design used and

methods used to present the study.

2.1.1 Research Design

A research design is a detailed blue print used to guide a research

study toward its objective. The process of designing a research study involves

many interrelated decisions. The most significant decision is the choice of

research approach, because it determines how the information will be obtained.

The choice of the research approach depends on the nature of the research that

one wants to do.

The research design adopted for this study is Descriptive Research.

Descriptive method was adopted because it deals with description of the state of

affairs as it exist at present

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2.1.2 Sampling Techniques

The next step in research study after collecting data is the sampling

process. When a decision is made to use the sample, a number of factors must

be taken into consideration. The various steps involved in the sampling process

are:

Identifying target population.

Determining sample frame.

Selecting sampling procedure.

Determine sample size.

Execute sampling

Obtaining information from respondents.

Generating information for decision making.

The target population in this study was the class III and class IV non

ministerial staff of CoPT.

The sampling technique had to be selected. There are two types ofsampling techniques:

Probability sampling

Non-probability sampling

Among the probability sampling, the sampling used in this study was

Stratified sampling.

Stratified Sampling

If the population from which a sample is to be drawn does not

constitute a homogenous group, then stratified sampling technique is applied so

as to obtain a representative sample. In this technique, the population is stratified

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into number of non-overlapping sub populations or strata and sample items are

selected from each stratum. If the items selected from each stratum is based on

simple random sampling, the entire procedure, first stratification and then simple

random sampling is known as stratified sampling. The stratified sampling results

in a more reliable and detailed information. The researcher uses simple random

sampling for selection of items from each stratum.

2.1.3 Sample size

Among the 1397 class III and class IV non ministerial staff in the

organization a sample of 150 employees were taken for the study.

The whole of the population was divided into 6 strata:

Container Terminal

Wharf

Dredging and Mooring

Electrical

Dry Dock

Workshop

Using the method of proportional allocation, the number of samples are

selected from each stratum.

Strata No. of samples

Container Terminal 26

Wharf 40

Dredging and Mooring 20

Electrical 28

Dry Dock 27

Workshop 09

Total 150

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2.1.4 Tools for Data collection

There are several ways of collecting the appropriate data. While

deciding about the method of data collection to be used for the study, the

researcher should keep in mind, that there are 2 types of data

1. Primary data

2. Secondary Data

Primary data are those which are collected a fresh and for the first timeand thus happen to be original in character. Primary data can be collected either

through experiment or through survey.

The secondary data on the other hand are those which have already

bean collected by some one else and which have already bean passed through

the statistical process. In this study, the data was collected from the primary

source through interview schedule.

2.1.5 Statistical Techniques

This phase consists of the data analysis of the data collected based on

the stratified simple random probabilistic sampling technique. The data collected

were analyzed using the following methods.

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Percentage Analysis

The number of responses of each category is summarized to

percentage format for the convenience to use other statistical tools namely pie

chart and bar diagrams.

Statistical tools

Chi-Square Test

This test allows us to determine whether two attributes are

independent of each other. In this study chi-square has been used to test if there

is an association between various variables and the overall level of satisfaction of

safety and welfare measures.

2 = {(Oi Ei)2 / Ei }

Applying Yates correction :

2 = {(|Oi Ei|-0.5)2 / Ei }

Phi Coefficient

Chi-square tells us about the significance of relation betweenvariables; it provides no answer regarding the magnitude of the relation between

the two variables. This can be achieved by computing the Phi coefficient which is

a non- parametric measure of coefficient of correlation. It gives the magnitude of

the relation or the degree of association between the two variables.

= [2 /n]

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2.2 DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

2.2.1 Percentage analysis

Table 2.1

Are adequate safety training programmes conducted

ParticularsNo. of

RespondentsPercentage

Yes 113 75

No 37 25

Total 150 100

Interpretation

The above table shows that 75% of the respondents opined that

adequate safety training programmes are conducted at Cochin Port Trust and

25% of them opined it is not.

Are adequate safety training programmes

conducted

Yes75%

No

25%

Yes

No

Figure 2.1

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Table 2.2

Attended Safety training programmes

ParticularsNo. of

Respondents Percentage

Yes 93 62

No 57 38

Total 150 100

Interpretation

The above table shows that 62% of the respondents have attended safety

training programmes and 38% of them have not.

Attended training programmes

Yes

62%

No

38%Yes

No

Figure 2.2

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Table 2.3

Does the Management provide safety awareness

Particulars No. ofRespondents

Percentage

Yes 137 91

No 13 9

Total 150 100

Interpretation

The above table shows that 91% of the respondents opined that the

management provides safety awareness and 9% opined that it does not.

Does the Management provide safety awareness

Yes

91%

No

9%

Yes

No

Figure 2.3

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Table 2.4

Safety measures provided

Safety measures Adequate Inadequate No Opinion

Safety helmets 111 19 20Safety outfits 23 4 123

Safety goggles 64 54 32

Gloves 108 34 8

Safety shoes 145 5 0

Safety boots 16 13 121

Safety mask 75 32 43

Safety belt 32 32 86

Life saving appliances 22 5 123

Cranes 38 51 61

Forklift trucks 27 20 103

Hatches and spreaders 13 12 125Hazardous cargo 14 37 99

Interpretation

The above table shows that 36% of the respondents feel that the safety

goggles provided are inadequate and 34% feel that the safety measures

provided while working on cranes are inadequate.

Safety measures provided

020406080

100120140

160

Safety

helmets

Safety

outfits

Safety

goggles

Gloves

Safety

shoes

Safety

boots

Safety

mask

Safetybelt

Lifesaving

appliances

Cranes

Forklift

trucks

Hatches&

spreaders

Hazardous

cargo

No.ofrespond

ents

Adequate Inadequate No Opinion

Figure 2.4

Table 2.5

Usage of Safety measures provided

ParticularsNo. of


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Always 67 45

Sometimes 82 54

Never 1 1

No Opinion 0 0

Interpretation

The above table shows that 45% of the respondents say that they always

make use of the safety measures provided to them, 54% uses them sometimes

and 1% never uses it.

Usage of safety measures

Always

45%

Sometimes

54%

Never

1%

Always

Sometimes

Never

Figure 2.5

Table 2.6

Condition of machines, equipments and tools

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Particulars

Yes No

No. ofrespondents

%No. of

respondents%

Well designed 83 55 67 45

Well maintained 87 58 63 42

Well guarded 85 57 65 43

Interpretation

The above table shows that 55% of the respondents opined that the

machines, equipments and tools are well designed, 58% opined that they are

well maintained and 57% opined that they are well guarded.

Condition of machines

55%58% 57%

45% 42% 43%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

Well designed Well maintained Well guarded

Perce

ntage

Yes

No

Figure 2.6

Table 2.7

Layout designed to avoid accidents

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ParticularsNo. of


Yes 53 35

No 31 21

To an extent 66 44

No Opinion 0 0

Interpretation

The above table shows that 35% of the respondents believe that the

layout of the workplace is designed to avoid accidents, 21% says it is not so and

44% believe that to an extent the workplace is designed to avoid accidents.

Layout designed to avoid accidents

Yes

35%

No

21%

To an extent

44%

Yes

No

To an extent

Figure 2.7

Table 2.8

Safety measures help reduce severity of accidents

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ParticularsNo. of


Yes 69 46

No 13 9

To an extent 54 36

No Opinion 14 9

Interpretation

The above table shows that 46% of the respondents believe that the

safety measures provided at Cochin Port Trust help reduce the severity of

accidents, 9% believes otherwise and 36% believe that to an extent the safety

measures help in reducing the severity of accidents.

Safety measures help reduce severity of

accidents

Yes

46%

No

9%

To an extent

36%

No Opinion

9%Yes

No

To an extent

No Opinion

Figure 2.8

Table 2.9

Immediate actions taken to investigate accidents

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ParticularsNo. of


Always 122 81

Sometimes 21 14

Never 7 5

No Opinion 0 0

Interpretation

The above table shows that 81% of the respondents feel that always

immediate actions are taken to investigate accidents, 14% feel that it is so

sometimes and 5% feels that immediate actions are never taken to investigate

accidents.

Immediate actions taken to investigate accidents

Always

81%

Sometimes

14%

Never

5%Always

Sometimes

Never

Figure 2.9

Table 2.10

Risk factor perceived while working at Cochin Port Trust

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ParticularsNo. of


Yes 84 56

No 49 33

To an extent 17 11

No Opinion 0 0

Interpretation

The above table shows that 56% of the respondents opined that they

perceive a risk factor wile working at Cochin Port Trust, 33% opined that they do

not perceive any risk factor and 11% opined that to an extent they perceive a risk

factor.

Risk factor perceived at CoPT

Yes

56%

No

33%

To an extent

11%

Yes

No

To an extent

Figure 2.10

Table 2.11

Tend to avoid work due to risk involved in it

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ParticularsNo. of


Always 1 1

Sometimes 13 9

Never 136 90

No Opinion 0 0

Interpretation

The above table shows that 90% of the respondents say that the never

avoid work due to the risk involved in it. 9% sometimes avoids work and 1%

always avoids work.

Tend to avoid work due to risk

Always

1%

Sometimes

9%

Never

90%

Always

Sometimes

Never

Figure 2.11

Table 2.12

In case of accidents, the management takes good care of the employees

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ParticularsNo. of


Strongly Agree 31 21

Agree 85 56

No Opinion 6 4

Disagree 28 19

Strongly disagree 0 0

Interpretation

The above table shows that 21% of the respondents strongly agree that incase of accidents, the management would take good care of them, 56% agree

and 19% disagree to this. 4% of the respondents had no opinion on the matter.

Taken good care of by the management

21%

56%

4%

19%

0%0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Strongly

Agree

Agree No Opinion Disagree Strongly

Disagree

Percentage

Figure 2.12

Table 2.13

Safety measures make you feel secure

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ParticularsNo. of


Yes 127 85

No 23 15

Total 150 100

Interpretation

The above table shows that 85% of the respondents feel that the safety

measures make them feel more secure while working at Cochin Port Trust and

15% of them feel otherwise.

Safety measures make you feel secure

Yes

85%

No

15%

Yes

No

Figure 2.13

Table 2.14

Level of satisfaction of existing Safety Measures

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ParticularsNo. of


Highly Satisfactory 3 2

Satisfactory 122 81

Neutral 1 1

Dissatisfactory 24 16

Highly Dissatisfactory 0 0

Interpretation

The above table shows that 2% of the respondents are highly satisfied

with the safety measures at Cochin Port, 81% are satisfied, 1% are neutral in

their opinion and 16% are dissatisfied with the safety measures.

Level of satisfaction of existing safety measures

2%

81%

1%

16%

0%0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

Highly

Satisfactory

Satisfactory Neutral Dissatisfactory Highly

Dissatisfactory

Percentage

Figure 2.14

Table 2.15

Should more safety measures be introduced

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ParticularsNo. of


Yes 97 65

No 53 35

Total 150 100

Interpretation

The above table shows that 65% of the respondents feel that more safety

measures are to be introduced and 53% feel that it need not be introduced.

Should more safety measures be introduced

Yes

65%

No

35%

Yes

No

Figure 2.15

Table 2.16

Safety measures to be introduced

ParticularsNo. of


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Proper training for all 66 68

Increase awareness 57 59

Improve quality of shoes/mask 57 59

Pollution control 42 43Improve condition of equipments 39 40

Improve condition of workplace 21 22

Training to be made practical 18 19

Others 51 53

Interpretation

The above table shows that among the 97 respondents who feel that

safety measures are to be introduced, 44% feels proper training should be

provided for all workers, 38% feels the need to increase awareness about safety,

38% feels that the quality of shoes/mask should be improved, 28% feels that

pollution should be controlled, 26% feels the condition of equipments should be

improved, 14% feels the condition of workplace should be improved and 12%

feels the training should be made practical.

Safety measures to be introduced

68%59% 59%

43% 40%

22% 19%

53%

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%

Training

Increase

awareness

Improve

qualityof

s

hoes/mask

Pollution

control

Improve

conditionof

equipments

Improve

conditionof

workplace

Trainingnot

practical

Others

Percentage

Figure 2.16

Table 2.17

Welfare measures help to

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Interpretation

The above table shows that 7% of the respondents strongly agree to thefact that welfare measures help in creating better industrial relations, 71% agree,

7% disagree and 15% didnt have an opinion on this. 20% of the respondents

strongly agree that welfare measures help in creating greater loyalty, 75% agree

and 5% did not have an opinion. 17% of the respondents strongly agree that

welfare measures help to foster team spirit, 79% agree, 3% disagree and 1% did

not have an opinion.

Welfare measures help to :

7%

20% 17%

71% 75%79%

15%5% 1%

7%0 3%

0%

10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

To create better

industrial

relations

To create greater

loyalty

To foster team

spirit

Percentage Strongly Agree

Agree

No Opinion

Disagree

Figure 2.17

Table 2.18

Level of Satisfaction of Welfare measures

Welfare measures help :

StronglyAgree

AgreeNo

OpinionDisagree

StronglyDisagree

No. % No. % No. % No. %

To create better industrialrelations

10 7 107 71 22 15 11 7 0

To create greater loyalty 30 20 112 75 8 5 0 0 0

To foster team spirit 25 17 119 79 2 1 4 3 0

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Welfare measuresHighly

SatisfactorySatisfactory Neutral

Dissatisfactory

HighlyDissatisfa

ctory

Medical facilities 14 109 3 24 0

Canteens 0 107 1 5 7

Rest rooms 0 89 0 52 9

Recreational facilities 1 70 24 55 0

Cultural facilities 1 68 52 29 0

Family planningprogrammes

1 52 92 5 0

Educational facilities 4 112 19 15 0

Transport facilities 0 54 8 75 13Co-operativeestablishments

40 100 10 0 0

Housing facilities 6 101 43 0 0

Shopping facilities 0 74 27 49 0

First-Aid facilities 1 118 2 27 2

Ex-gratia payments 0 63 65 22 0

Compassionateappointments

2 80 7 61 0

Interpretation

The above table shows that the responses of the employees are clustered

in the satisfactory region. This shows that a majority of the respondents are

satisfied with the welfare measures at CoPT. The welfare measure that most of

the employees are dissatisfied with is transport facilities.

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Medical facilities

9

73

2

16

00

20

40

60

80

Highly Satisf actory Satisf actory Neutral Dissatisf actory Highly

Dissatisfactory

Percentage

Canteens

0

71

1

23

50

20

40

60

80

Highly Satisfactory Satisfactory Neutral Dissatisfactory Highly Dissatisfactory

Percentage

Rest rooms

0

59

0

35

60

20

40

60

80


Percentage

Recreational facilities

1

47

16

36

00

1020

30

40

50


Perce

ntage

36


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Cultural facilities

1

45

35

19

0010

20

30

40

50


Pe

rcentage

Family planning prog

1

35

61

3 00

20

40

60

80


Percent

age

Educational facilities

3

75

12 1000

20

40

6080


Percentage

Transport facilities

0

36

5

50

90

20

40

60


Percentage

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Co-operative establishments

27

67

60 00

20

40

60

80


Pe

rcentage

Housing facilities

4

67

29

0 00

20

40

60

80


Percent

age

Shopping facilities

0

49

18

33

00

20

40

60


Percentage

First-Aid facilities

1

79

118

10

20

40

60

80

100

Highly Satisfactory Satisfactory Neutral Dissatisfactory Highly Dissat isfactory

Percentage

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Ex-gratia payments

0

42 43

15

0010

20

30

40

50


Pe

rcentage

Compass ionate appointments

1

53

5

41

00

20

40

60


Percentage

Figure 2.18

Table 2.19

Welfare measures satisfy needs

ParticularsNo. of


Always 28 19

Sometimes 120 80

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Never 2 1

No Opinion 0 0

Interpretation

The above table shows that 19% of the respondents feel that the welfare

measures always help to satisfy their needs, 80% feels that it helps sometimes

and 1% believe that it never helps.

welfare measures satisfy needs

Always

19%

Sometimes

80%

Never

1%

Always

Sometimes

Never

Figure 2.19

Table 2.20

Level of Satisfaction of welfare measures

ParticularsNo. of


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Highly Satisfied 0 0

Satisfied 138 92

Neutral 2 1

Dissatisfied 10 7

Highly Dissatisfied 0 0

Interpretation

The above table shows that 92% of the respondents opined that they are

satisfied with the existing welfare measures, 7% are dissatisfied and 1% was

neutral in their opinion.

Level of satisfaction of existing welfare measures

0%

92%

1% 7% 0%0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Highly

Satisfied

Satisfied Neutral Dissatisfied Highly

Dissatisfied

Level of satisfaction

P

ercentage

Figure 2.20

Table 2.21

Disappointed by any welfare measure

ParticularsNo. of


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Yes 29 19

No 121 81

Total 150 100

Interpretation

The above table shows that 19% of the respondents say that they are

disappointed by certain welfare measure but 81% of them say that they are not.

Disappointed by any welfare measure

Yes

19%

No

81%

Yes

No

Figure 2.21

Table 2.22

Disappointed by welfare measure

ParticularsNo. of


Medical facilities 4 14

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Canteen food 4 14

Rest room facilities 3 10

Educational facilities 2 7

Transport facilities 6 21Compassionateappointment

4 14

Others 6 20

Interpretation

The above table shows that among the 29 respondents who were

disappointed by certain welfare measures, 14% were disappointed by medical

facilities, 21% by the canteen food, 10% by the rest room facilities, 7% by the

educational facilities, 14% by the transport facilities, and 14% by the

compassionate appointments.

Dissapointed by welfare measuresMedical

facilities

14%

Canteen food14%

Rest room

facilities

10%

Educational

facilities

7%

Transport

facilities

21%

Compassionate

appointment

14%

Others

20%

Figure 2.22Table 2.23

Welfare measures to be improved

ParticularsNo. of


Medical facilities 19 13

Canteens 32 21

Rest rooms 29 19

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Educational facilities 16 11

Transport facilities 38 25

First-Aid facilities 15 10

Compassionate appointments 37 25

Others 21 14

Interpretation

The above table shows that 25% of the respondents feel that transport

facilities should be improved, 25% feels that compassionate appointments be

improved, 21% feel canteen facilities be improved, 19% feel rest room facilities

be improved, 11% feel that educational facilities be improved, 13% feel medical

facilities be improved, 10% feel that first aid facilities be improved.

Welfare measures to be improved

13%

21% 19%

11%

25%

10%

25%

14%

0%5%

10%15%20%25%30%

Me

dica

l

fac

ilities

Can

tee

ns

Res

troom

s

Educa

tiona

l

fac

ilities

Transport

fac

ilitie

s

Firs

t-A

id

fac

ilities

Compass

iona

te

appo

intmen

ts

Othe

rs

Percentage

Figure 2.23

2.2.2 Statistical Analysis

2.2.2.1 Category of workers and level of satisfaction of existing safetymeasures

H0: There is no significant association between the category of employees

and their level of satisfaction regarding the existing safety measures.

H1: There is a significant association between the category of employees and

their level of satisfaction regarding the existing safety measures.

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Table 2.24

Highly Skilled Skilled Unskilled

Satisfactory Observed 15 53 57Expected 16.8 50.3 57.9

Dissatisfactory Observed 5 7 12

Expected 3.2 9.7 11.1

Level of significance = 0.05

Degrees of freedom = 2

Calculated 2 value, = 2.18888

Table value 2@ 0.05, df: 2 = 5.991

Figure 2.24

Interpretation

Since the calculated value 2.188 falls in the acceptance region we

accept the null hypothesis against the alternate hypothesis at 0.05 level of

significance and 2 degrees of freedom.

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We may conclude that there is no significant difference in the level of

satisfaction of existing safety measures among the different category of workers.

2.2.2.2 Departments and level of satisfaction of existing safety measures

H0: There is no dependence between the departments and the level of

satisfaction of existing safety measures.

H1: There is a dependence between the departments and the level of

satisfaction of existing safety measures.

Table 2.25

Mechanical Traffic

Satisfactory Observed 78 29

Expected 74.7 32.3

Dissatisfactory Observed 12 10

Expected 15.3 6.7




Table value 2@ 0.05, df: 1 = 3.841

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Interpretation



significance and 1 degree of freedom.

We may conclude that there is no dependence between the

departments and the level of satisfaction of existing safety measures.

In the Marine department a majority of 90% are satisfied with the

safety measures and 10% are dissatisfied.

2.2.2.3Attended safety training programmes and level of satisfaction ofsafety measures

H0: There is no significant association between the fact that the employees

have attended safety training programmes and their level of satisfaction

regarding the existing safety measures.

H1: There is a significant association between the fact that the employees

have attended safety training programmes and their level of satisfaction

regarding the existing safety measures.

Table 2.26

Level of

satisfactionFrequency

Attended safety training programmes

Yes No

SatisfactoryObserved 68 57

Expected 77.18 47.82

DissatisfactoryObserved 24 0

Expected 14.82 9.18




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Table value 2@ 0.05, df: 1 = 3.841

Figure 2.25

Interpretation

Since the calculated value 15.8427 falls in the rejection region we reject

the null hypothesis against the alternate hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance

and 1 degree of freedom. Thus we accept the alternate hypothesis.

Therefore we conclude that there is a significant association between

the fact that the employees have attended safety training programmes and their

level of satisfaction regarding the existing safety measures.

Phi Coefficient

= [2 /n]

= [15.8427 / 149]

= 0.326

Since the value is positive, there exists a direct association between

the level of satisfaction of the employees and the fact that they have attended

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safety training programmes. But since the value 0.326 is very close to zero it is a

weak association.

2.2.2.4Perception of risk and level of satisfaction of existing safetymeasures

H0: There is no significant association between the perception of risk factor

and the level of satisfaction of employees regarding the existing safety

measures.

H1: There is a significant association between the perception of risk factor and

the level of satisfaction of employees regarding the existing safety

measures.

Table 2.27

Level of satisfaction FrequencyPerception of risk

Yes No


Expected 69.6 55.4


Expected 13.4 10.6


Degrees of freedom = 1Calculated 2 value, = 10.1518Table value 2@ 0.05, df: 1 = 3.841

Interpretation

Since the calculated value 10.1518 is greater than the table value and

falls in the rejection region we reject the null hypothesis against the alternate

hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance and 1 degree of freedom. Thus we accept

the alternate hypothesis. Therefore we conclude that there is a is a significantassociation between the perception of risk factor and the level of satisfaction of

employees regarding the existing safety measures.

Phi Coefficient

= 0.261

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There exists a weak positive association between the perception of risk

factor and the level of satisfaction of employees regarding the existing safety

measures.

2.2.2.5 Category of workers and level of satisfaction of welfare measures

H0: There is no significant association between the category of employees

and their level of satisfaction regarding welfare measures.

H1: There is a significant association between the category of employees and

their level of satisfaction regarding welfare measures.

Table 2.28

Skilled Unskilled




Expected 5.41 4.59



Calculated

2

value, = 6.6027Table value 2@ 0.05, df: 1 = 3.841

Interpretation





the level of satisfaction of welfare measures among the various category of

employees.

Phi Coefficient

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= 0.211

There exists a weak positive association between overall level of

satisfaction of welfare measures among the various categories.

2.2.2.6 Departments and level of satisfaction of welfare measures

H0: There is no dependence between the departments and the level of

satisfaction of welfare measures.

H1: There is a dependence between the departments and the level of

satisfaction of welfare measures.

Table 2.29

Mechanical Traffic


Expected 83 35


Expected 7 3




Table value 2@ 0.05, df: 1 = 3.841

Interpretation



significance and 1 degree of freedom.

We may conclude that there is no dependence between the

Mechanical and Traffic departments and the level of satisfaction of welfare

measures. All the 20 respondents in the Marine department are satisfied with the

welfare measures.

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2.2.2.7Level of satisfaction of Transport facilities and overall level ofsatisfaction of welfare measures

H0: There is no significant association between the level of satisfaction of

transport facilities and the overall level of satisfaction of welfare measures.

H1: There is a significant association between the level of satisfaction of


Table 2.30

Level of satisfaction FrequencyTransport facilities

Satisfactory Dissatisfactory




Expected 4.13 5.87




Table value 2@ 0.05, df: 1 = 3.841

Interpretation





the level of satisfaction of transport facilities and the overall level of satisfaction of

welfare measures.

Phi Coefficient

= 0.197

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There exists a weak positive association between the level of satisfaction of


CHAPTER 3

FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSION

3.1 FINDINGS

3.1.1 Based on Percentage Analysis

1. The study shows that 75% of the respondents opined adequate

safety training programmes are conducted at Cochin Port Trust and

25% of them opined it is not.

2. The study shows that 62% of the respondents have attended safety

training programmes and 38% of them have not.

3. The study shows that 10% of the respondents have rated the

training programmes as highly effective, 84% have rated it as

effective, 5% have no opinion and 1% says it is ineffective.

4. The study shows that 91% of the respondents opined that themanagement provides safety awareness and 9% opined that it

does not.

5. The study shows that a majority of 84% employees feel that CoPT

mostly creates safety awareness through bulletin boards and the

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least through safety competitions as only 14% believes that safety

awareness is created through safety competitions.

6. The study shows that 36% of the respondents feel that the safety

goggles provided are inadequate and 34% feel that the safety

measures provided while working on cranes are inadequate.

7. The study shows that 45% of the respondents say that they always

make use of the safety measures provided to them, 54% uses them

sometimes and 1% never uses it.

8. The study shows that 55% of the respondents opined that the

machines, equipments and tools are well designed, 58% opined

that they are well maintained and 57% opined that they are well

guarded.

9. The study shows that 35% of the respondents believe that the

layout of the workplace is designed to avoid accidents, 21% says it

is not so and 44% believe that to an extent the workplace is

designed to avoid accidents.

10. The study shows that 46% of the respondents believe that the

safety measures provided at Cochin Port Trust help reduce the

severity of accidents, 9% believes otherwise and 36% believe that

to an extent the safety measures help in reducing the severity of

accidents.

11. The study shows that 81% of the respondents feel that always

immediate actions are taken to investigate accidents, 14% feel thatit is so sometimes and 5% feels that immediate actions are never

taken to investigate accidents.

12. The study shows that 56% of the respondents opined that they

perceive a risk factor wile working at Cochin Port Trust, 33% opined

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that they do not perceive any risk factor and 11% opined that to an

extent they perceive a risk factor.

13. The study shows that 90% of the respondents say that the never

avoid work due to the risk involved in it. 9% sometimes avoids work

and 1% always avoids work.

14. The study shows that 21% of the respondents strongly agree that in

case of accidents, the management would take good care of them,

56% agree and 19% disagree to this. 4% of the respondents had

no opinion on the matter.

15. The study shows that 85% of the respondents feel that the safety

measures make them feel more secure while working at Cochin

Port Trust and 15% of them feel otherwise.

16. The study shows that 2% of the respondents are highly satisfied

with the safety measures at Cochin Port, 81% are satisfied, 1% are

neutral in their opinion and 16% are dissatisfied with the safety

measures.

17. The study shows that 65% of the respondents feel that more safety

measures are to be introduced and 53% feel that it need not be

introduced.

18. The study shows that among the 97 respondents who feel that

safety measures are to be introduced, 44% feels proper training

should be provided for all workers, 38% feels the need to increase

awareness about safety, 38% feels that the quality of shoes/maskshould be improved, 28% feels that pollution should be controlled,

26% feels the condition of equipments should be improved, 14%

feels the condition of workplace should be improved and 12% feels

the training should be made practical.

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19. The study shows that 95% of the respondents opined that they are

happy with the welfare measures at Cochin Port Trust and 5%

opined they are not.

20. The study shows that 7% of the respondents strongly agree to the

fact that welfare measures help in creating better industrial

relations, 71% agree, 7% disagree and 15% didnt have an opinion

on this. 20% of the respondents strongly agree that welfare

measures help in creating greater loyalty, 75% agree and 5% did

not have an opinion. 17% of the respondents strongly agree that

welfare measures help to foster team spirit, 79% agree, 3%

disagree and 1% did not have an opinion.

21. The study shows that the responses of the employees are

clustered in the satisfactory region. This shows that a majority of

the respondents are satisfied with the welfare measures at CoPT.

The welfare measure that most of the employees are dissatisfied

with is transport facilities.

22. The study shows that 19% of the respondents feel that the welfare

measures always help to satisfy their needs, 80% feels that it helps

sometimes and 1% believe that it never helps.

23. The study shows that 19% of the respondents feel that welfare

measures always help in solving their problems, 73% feels it helps

sometimes, 7% feels it never helps and 1% has no opinion on this

matter.

24. The study shows that 92% of the respondents opined that they are

satisfied with the existing welfare measures, 7% are dissatisfied

and 1% was neutral in their opinion.

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25. The study shows that 19% of the respondents say that they are

disappointed by certain welfare measure but 81% of them say that

they are not.

26. The study shows that among the 29 respondents who were

disappointed by certain welfare measures, 14% were disappointed

by medical facilities, 21% by the canteen food, 10% by the rest

room facilities, 7% by the educational facilities, 14% by the

transport facilities, and 14% by the compassionate appointments.

27. The study shows that 25% of the respondents feel that transportfacilities should be improved, 25% feels that compassionate

appointments be improved, 21% feel canteen facilities be improved,

19% feel rest room facilities be improved, 11% feel that educational

facilities be improved, 13% feel medical facilities be improved, 10%

feel that first aid facilities be improved.

3.1.2 Based on Statistical Analysis

1. There is no significant difference in the level of satisfaction of

existing safety measures among the different category of workers.

2. There is no dependence between the Mechanical and Traffic

departments and the level of satisfaction of existing safety

measures. In the Marine department 90% of the respondents are

satisfied with the safety measures and 10% are not.

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3. There is a significant association between the fact that the

employees have attended safety training programmes and their

level of satisfaction regarding the existing safety measures.

4. There is a significant association between the perception of risk

factor and the level of satisfaction of employees regarding the

existing safety measures.

5. There is a significant association between the level of satisfaction

of welfare measures among the various category of employees.

6. There is no dependence between the Mechanical and Traffic

departments and the level of satisfaction of welfare measures. All

the 20 respondents in the Marine department are satisfied with the

welfare measures.

7. There is a significant association between the level of satisfaction

of transport facilities and the overall level of satisfaction of welfare

measures.

8. There is no significant association between the level of satisfaction

of rest room facilities and the overall level of satisfaction of welfare

measures.

3.2 SUGGESTIONS

3.1 The port can ensure that safety training programmes are conducted

for all the employees, since 38% of them opined that they have not

undergone any safety training and the statistical analysis show that

there is an association between the overall level of satisfaction and

the fact that the employees have attended training programmes.

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Also 19% of the employees feel that the training that is being

provided is not practical. So steps may be adopted to ensure that

training is more practical in nature.

3.2 The researcher feels that the awareness for the safety is quite low

among the employees. Steps may be undertaken to increase the

awareness and need for safety.

3.3 The quality of shoes and mask provided may be improved as 59%

of the respondents have thus opined.

3.4 The management needs to pay attention to the fact that 45% of therespondents feel that the machines, equipments and tools are not

well designed, 42% feel it is not well maintained, 43% feels it is not

well guarded and ding out reasons for the same.

3.5 The responses of the employees regarding the level of satisfaction

of welfare measures are clustered in the satisfactory region. The

management may take steps to convert these into highly

satisfactory.

3.6 Since 59% of the employees are not satisfied with the transport

facilities provided by the port, steps may be taken to provide

facilities especially fro employees who have to work during night

shifts.

3.7 The conditions of the rest rooms and shelters may be improved

especially in the wharf and electrical sections. They may be

provided with adequate fans and facilities to rest.

3.8 Canteen facilities may be provided by the port at both wharfs and

the electrical sections.

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3.9 The port may ensure that medical personnel are always available at

the first aid facilities.

3.10 The port may make sure that there is no time lapse in providing the

employees jobs on compassionate grounds.

3.3 CONCLUSION

A study was conducted on the safety and welfare measures provided

to the employees of Cochin Port Trust.

A majority of 81% of the respondents were found to be satisfied with

the safety measures at Cochin Port, 2% were highly satisfied, 1% was neutral in

their opinion and only 16% were dissatisfied with the safety measures.

A majority of the respondents feel secure while working at CoPT and

feel that the safety measures help to reduce the severity of accidents. Even

though 56% of them perceive a risk factor while working at CoPT, a majority of

90% never avoid work due to this risk factor.

The study again shows that there is a clustering of respondents

opinion in the satisfactory region regarding the level of satisfaction of welfare

measures. This reveals that a majority of respondents are satisfied with the

existing welfare measures. The management may take up steps to convert these

into highly satisfactory.

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The few welfare measures which were dissatisfactory were transport

facilities, rest room facilities and the time lapse in compassionate appointments.

The management may concentrate on these areas to increase the satisfaction

level of employees towards the welfare measures.

61

a study on the safety and welfare measures provided to the employees at cochin port trust, cochin

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