a sequential model of regional tectonic development

Rift-basin Continental Platform Laramide Orogeny Mid-Tertiary Extension Age Deformation Tectonic quiescense period Basin-Range block faulting Paleozoic Limestone Basement Middle Tertiary volcanic and sedimentary rocks ? Quaternary Alluvium Sedimentation Rift basin sediments Sedimentary and volcanic rocks High-angle normal faulting and rifting Volcanic and sedimentary rocks Volcanic rocks Thickness (m) Rift-basin Continental Platform Laramide Orogeny Mid-Tertiary Extension Age Deformation Tectonic quiescense period Basin-Range block faulting Paleozoic Limestone Basement Middle Tertiary volcanic and sedimentary rocks ? Quaternary Alluvium Sedimentation Rift basin sediments Sedimentary and volcanic rocks High-angle normal faulting and rifting Volcanic and sedimentary rocks Volcanic rocks Middle Oligocene Paleozoic Proterozoic Cretaceous Lower Upper Middle Upper Paleocene Pliocene Miocene Lower Upper Basin fill Jurassic Lower Upper Eocene Wilderness granite suite ? Middle-Late Jurassic granitic intrusions Mid-Tertiary intrusions ? Laramide intrusions ? Laramide intrusions Lower Cretaceous Intrusions ? Middle Oligocene Paleozoic Proterozoic Cretaceous Lower Upper Middle Upper Paleocene Pliocene Miocene Lower Upper Basin fill Jurassic Lower Upper brittle-ductile transition zone ? Sequential model of regional tectonic development through time along a transect from the Tucson Basin to the Galiuro Mountains Strongly folded and cleaved phyllitic metasedimentray rocks Paleozoic platform deposits of limestone/dolomite Alluvial fan and braidplain facies with local megabreccia deposits Alluvial fan and braidplain facies that contain alternation of sand and clay, sandy clay with gravel Andesite to dacite lava and andesite to rhyolitic tuffs intruded by dikes and plugs Conglomeratic redbeds of alluvial fans, braidplain and lacustrine facies, alternation of volcanic and sedimentary rocks that show growth strata Mostly cobble to boulder sized conglomeratres with fine-grained sandstones that are interbedded with each other Andesite breccia and lava tuff, lahars, fluvial sediments Rift basin sediments deposited by distal alluvial fan and braided-stream deposits containing sandstones and mudstones with traces of siltstones and some large conglomerates Alluvial and fluvial-lacustrine deposits that contain alternation of unconsolidated sands, gravels and boulders Dacite to andesite lava flows and flow breccias with lesser fluvial conglomerate and sandstone, eolian quartz arenite, debris-flow deposits Granitic and supracrustal rocks Volcanic to shallow plutonic complexes consisting of monzodiorite, rhyolite porphyry, quartz-poor granite, alkali rhyolite Generalized stratigraphic column for the Tucson Basin, Catalina Mountains, and surrounding region with stratigraphic relationships SW NE Baboquivari Mt./Altar Valley Redondo 797 (~2750 m) Well-log data (Wagner, 2005) Tucson Mt./Tucson Basin Catalina Mt./San Pedro Valley/ Galiuro Mt. Pinaleno Mt./Safford Basin/ Gila Mt. Exxon State 32 (~3830 m) Well-log data (Wagner, 2005) MP Latest Proterozoic Early to mid-Jurassic and Middle to late Jurassic Late Jurassic to early Cretaceous Late Cretaceous to early Tertiary (?) Mid-Tertiary (Oligocene to early Miocene) Late Tertiary (mid-Miocene to Pliocene) High-angle block faulting Low-angle normal faulting Laramide Deformation Bisbee Rift Basin Latest Proterozoic to late Mississippian Carbonate Platform deposits West-northwest dipping high-angle normal faults B B C C D31 Exxon Line 2 CDF AVf AVF CDf GDF EPD PF MRF X Y Abbreviations CDf: Coyote detachment fault AVF:Altar Valley fault AVf: Avra Valley fault CDF: Catalina detachment fault GDF: Galiuro detachment fault EPD: Eagle Pass detachment fault PF: Pirate fault MRF: Martinez Ranch fault post-Oligocece-Early-to-Mid-Miocene to Present Catalina core complex Catalina Detachment Fault Line CX16 Line CX13 Detachment fault benetah the Safford Basin Baboquivari Mountains Tucson Mountains Gila Mountains Pre-Oligocene rocks undifferentiated Altar Valley fault Line CX12A Line 2 1 2 Line CX12 Avra Valley fault Line D31 Line D36 Pre-Oligocene rocks undifferentiated Pro g r e s s i v e u p wa rping d ue t o is o s t a t i c r e b o u nd San Pedro Trough Galiuro Mountains SW crustal flow in mid-crust Teran Wash Fault - initiation of “breakaway 3” Soza Mesa Fault - abandoned “breakaway 2” eroded “breakaway 1” mylonitic shear zone Central Galiuro Fault N Martinez Ranch Fault 2 1 3 Tucson Basin upwa rpi n g d u e t o i s o s t ati c r e b o u nd Seismic reflection control Pirate Fault crustal flow in mid-crust upw arping d u e t o i s o s t a tic r e b o u n d Safford Basin Aravapai-Sulphur Springs Valley Eagle Pass Detachment Fault mylonitic shear zone Seismic reflection control crustal flow in mid-crust Altar Valley up w arpin g d u e to is o st a tic rebound Seismic reflection control c o r r ug a t e d d e t a c h m e n t f a u l t a t m id - c r u s t a l l a y ers Detachment Surface NE Baboquivari Valley 1 2 3 2 1 Redondo State A-1 well Exxon State 32-1 well Safford State A-1 well Seismic reflection control Seismic reflection control 3 Pinaleno Mountains ~ Seismic reflection control 3 4 ? ? ? ? ? A E B C D ? ? Major tectonic event Description of rock units Lithology Lithology Thickness (m) Lithology Lithology Lithology Thickness (m) Thickness (m) Thickness (m) Tertiary Granite Suite Laramide intrusions Schematic kinematic model along a transect from the Baboquivari Mountains in the southwest to the transition zone of the Colorado Plateau in the northeast PLATE 2 of 2 Correlation of units along a transect from the Baboquivari Mountains to the transition zone of the Colorado Plateau (Not to scale, vertically exaggerated) crustal flow in mid-crust crustal flow in mid-crust upwarpin g due t o i so s tatic re bound u p w ar p i n g du e t o i s o s ta t i c Progressive upwarping du e t o i s o s ta ti c r e b o u nd SW NE SW NE SW NE SW NE SW NE SW NE SW NE High-angle normal faulting Laramide thrust faulting Mid-Tertiary low-angle normal faulting (detachment faulting) Basin-and-Range high-angle normal faulting Extensional setting Contractional setting Mylonitic shear zone Crustal flow direction Plutonic rocks Tucson Basin Catalina core complex San Pedro trough Galiuro Mountains Inversion in the faulting Upward mass transfer Major unconformity Schematic cross-sections along the transect upward t r an s l a ti o n o f r o ck m asses Isostatic footw all uplift accompanying B asin -a n d - R a n g e fa ulting X Y re b o u nd Mid-Tertiary detachment fault A system of south-to-west-dipping and east-dipping normal faults along the southwestern and northeastern flanks of the Galiuro Mts. ? Shaded relief map of the study area C A B D Baboquivari Mts. Tucson Mts. Sierrita Mts. Tortolita Mts. Santa Catalina Rincon Mts. Galiuro Mts. 50 0 Kilometers Santa Teresa Mts. Safford Basin Tucson Basin Altar Valley Winchester Mts. Gila Mts. Pinaleno Mts. ~ A D D E Well locations Aravapai Sulphur-Springs Valley Jackson Mt. Avra Valley 2-D seismic reflection profiles CX12A Volcanic and sedimentary rocks (Early Jurassic) deep exploration well Paleozoic Strata (Cambrian to Permian platform deposits) Plutonic rocks Mid-crustal flow direction Tertiary volcanic rocks (Upper Oligocene-Lower Miocene) Late Cenozoic basin fill (mid-Miocene-Pliocene) Non-mylonitic preCambrian crystalline rocks Tertiary sedimentary rocks (Lower Miocene) Low-angle normal faulting in Mid-Tertiary High-angle Basin and Range faulting (Late Tertiary) Mid-Tertiary volcanic and sedimentary rocks (mid-Oligocene) Mesozoic sedimentary and volcanic rocks (Lower to Upper Cretaceous) Laramide thrust fault (Late Cretaceous- Early Tertiary (?)) or low-angle normal fault (?) beneath San Pedro trough 2-D seismic reflection profiles PreCambrian metamorphosed sedimentary rocks Mountains ~2000 >2000 ~1000-2300 ~2000 ~2500 ~1800 1000 1500 1000 500 1500 500 3000 ? 410 200 1000 1000 950 500-1000 1000-2300 2000 4500 2400 500-1700 ? 1881 636 540 1500 2300 700 600 120 Phillips Redondo State A-1 well (2746 m) Exxon State 32-1 well (3827 m) D36 D42 CX12A CX12C CX13 CX16 Trough San Pedro

a sequential model of regional tectonic development

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