A quick view on the historically important periods of city development and city borders to the landscape.

From 1900 to 1920 there was a development of the Swedish city’s inspired by Camillo Sitte and Ebenezer Howard (Eriksson, 1990) “The garden city "(Howard, 1997) is a circular city. In the middle there are a park, surrounded with circles of dwellings and other features. In the outer ring there are other features. In the outer ring there are manufacturing and storage area, and a railroad that surround the city. Six boulevards leading out from the city center, to the railway.

In the early 1800s planers began to plan for extensive parks with public buildings and parade streets (Ahlberg, 1997). Industrialism allowed the housing and theworkplace to be placed separately. During this period a big movement in to the city took place. The wealthy residents were took place. The wealthy residents were gathered in the center while the poor lived around the city borderline

1700 - century was a period when very little happened in the urban development in Sweden. From 1700, it is mapped scattered and spontaneous settlements along the roads to the cities. These border zones were probably influenced by the low standard of living.standard of living.

Functionalism came to Sweden around 1930. Le Corbusier wanted to liberate the city from the streets coercion and tyranny, by breaking up the quarter’s structure. He stood for the house-in-park concept. He wanted the border between country and city to be floating. Where green area instead of facades creates streets. green area instead of facades creates streets. He believed that one could not use the same type of buildings in the city as the one used in rural areas, as this would consume too much ground.

Post-war period in Sweden was characterized by that the traffic increased strongly. Boundary with the surrounding landscape was out of this often in the form of roads and parking (Åstrøm, 1993). Traffic separated residential areas. The white on the image's roads, the darkness is housing.roads, the darkness is housing.

Miljonprogrammet in Sweden lasted from 1964-75 (Jønmark). Using new techniques they did now no longer need to take into account of how the landscape looked like. This often led to blowing the landscape flat.In the 70̀s, it also began a major wave of building family houses, these houses were building family houses, these houses were also given a high degree of monotony and mass production. Traffic separation was also an important idea in the program. And many of these areas are meeting the landscape with a large road and parking lots (Åstrøm, 1993).

Postmodernism made its breakthrough in Sweden in the 80̀s. Quarter structure came back into planning. The boundary between public and private was more clearly and in certain places came the grid plan back. (Åstrøm)

During the 80s, was the time for the shopping centers. The shopping centers brought with it centers. The shopping centers brought with it an increased use of the car, when the responsibilities for transportation of goods were moved from the store to the customer (Lewan).

New urbanism is a movement that came to Sweden in the 90̀s (Lindholm, 2009). It is a reaction against the suburb, the lack of traffic efficiency. This movement wanted a city suitable for the people, with large green areas where the environment is in focus. The city should have a core, where people can walk without using the core, where people can walk without using the car.

Sprawl: the citys enormous growth in the last 100 years has created a city-boarder that are often an amalgamation of different styles, roads, shopping center, industry and offices. Often the growth has been unsteady depending on the different economic conjecturers and different different economic conjecturers and different interests. The result is a confusing borderland. Is is called sprawl, and many consider it to be a relatively new problem.

Lynch

Theorist Kevin Lynch described in 1954 how a city can spread out in four different ways; compact, linear, star-shaped, or as a constellation.

Compact form: A city that do not use too much land area. It is easy to move forward much land area. It is easy to move forward and through, and closeness to the surroundingsare two valuable aspects.

Linear form: long and narrow city that often are build up along natural borders. The city's can when they are to big, get a very broken appearance in the landscape and may miss a focus on the center.focus on the center.

Star shape: Growing from the inside and out, and from a central mass, extending arms out in the landscape around the railroad and highways.Qualities can be a strong center with arms extending out linear, which creates a closeness to nature between its arms. The city may have a strong presence to the surrounding nature strong presence to the surrounding nature without losing its urbanity.

Constellation shape; It is many separate units held together by a network of fast transport paths. We often speak about the “satellites”. If an area is clearly dominant and the other is radically attached, it's satellites to the dominant area.area.

As we now see a huge growth in our cities, we may define the border zone as a landscape in the city outskirt that is waiting for a further settlement. During this time new landscape values along with the temporary character will create dynamic in the development of border zones. In Malmö border zone can be described as an area in change. And the plans that provide a transition from rural to urban areas in the near plans that provide a transition from rural to urban areas in the near future is important in the characterization of the border zone. The plans are the states that border zone are an area that is waiting for change. The task is to deal with this pending landscape of the city's surrounding areas, and how to integrate the affected and pristine landscape.