A Quick Review ofImperfect and

Pluperfect Tense in the Indicative

and the Subjunctive

To make the imperfect indicative, start with the

INFINITIVE

Remove the“RE”

Then add the appropriate ending:bam, bas, bat, bamus, batis, bant

Easy!

Well, there is one more little thing.I knew it-there’salways ‘one morelittle thing’!

IF your verb is “-io, ere” or “-io, -ire”(in other words, third “io” or fourth)mark off the ere/ire and add “ie + bam”,or whatever personal ending is needed.

The verb can translate several ways that will express progressive action in past time.

For example:

Amabat can mean“he was loving”“he used to love”“he kept loving”

The imperfect subjunctive is even easier!!!!

Just take the infinitive and add“m, s, t, mus, tis, nt” as needed.

And now, of course, there will bean exception to this ‘easiness’?

Of course. We have to deal withDEPONENT VERBS!

Their infinitives end with an “i”. We need to convert them to “re” forms, so we just use thislittle table. “ari” changes to “are’ “eri” changes to “ēre” “i” changes to “ere”“iri” changes to “ire”

Thenadd yourending!

Usually, this imperfect subjunctivewill translate just as

the imperfect indicative did.Amaret still means “he was loving”,

“he used to love”, or “he kept loving”.

The difference is thatit is NOT your main verb.

We will talk later about special translations of the imperfect subjunctive!

Of coursewe will!

Now, on tothe

PLUPERFECT!

The pluperfectREALLY is easy!!

There are NOexceptions!!!

One size REALLY fits all!

We’ll see. Convince me

For the pluperfect indicative,take the 3rd part , take off the “i” andadd “era” plus “m, s, t, mus, tis, nt”.

In other words, use the perfect stemplus a form of “eram”.

All pluperfect active forms

start with the3rd Principal Part.

For the pluperfect subjunctive, use the 3rd part and add “sse” plus one of the personal endings. (m, s, you know)

In other words,add the personal ending

to the PERFECT ACTIVE INFINITIVE!

That IS easy!!!!

Translatethe pluperfectwith the helping word “had”.

Amaverat= he had loved

Amavisset =he had loved(but this won’t be a main verb)

Special situations will be explained later!

So, have you got it?

Of course!

Try forming these. Then check the next slidefor the correct answers.

.1. He was escaping-Ind 2. He was escaping- Subj

3. He had escaped- Ind 4. He had escaped- Subj.

1. Evadebat2. Evaderet3. Evaserat4. Evasisset

Woo Hoo!I’m a genius!!!!!!

Of course you are!

Now, goto your quia account and

log in to session HWA26

to complete and submityour assignment.