A quick primer

*Acid Nomenclature

*Acid Definition

*Late next year, we will explore the full properties of acids, but for now:

*Acids are ionic compounds that release H+ ions into solution.

*Most of the time, they have hydrogen combined with non-metals to the far right of the periodic table

*If the element is not to the far right of the periodic table, the compound may also have a lot of oxygen atoms

*Types of Acids

*Binary acids: these contain hydrogen and one other element (HF, HCl, HBr, HI, H2S)

*Oxyacids: these contain hydrogen and a polyatomic ion with many oxygen’s(H2SO4, HNO3, H3PO4, HClO3, H2CO3)

*Organic acids: these have the elements carbon, hydrogen and at least two oxygen’s, and often are written as formulas with an ending “-COOH”

*Naming: Binary

*Binary compounds (not acids) end with the suffix “ide”.

*Acids are named by adding a prefix “hydro”, and replacing the “-ide” with “-ic acid”

*NaCl “sodium chloride” become HCl “hydrochloric acid”

*KBr “potassium bromide” becomes HBr “hydrobromic acid”

*Naming: Oxyacids

*Polyatomics often end with the suffix “ite” or “ate”

*“ite” is replaced with “ous acid”

*“ate” is replaced with “ic acid”*Sulfate , SO4

2-, becomes H2SO4, sulfuric acid

*Nitrate , NO31-, becomes HNO3, nitric acid

*Phosphite , PO33-, becomes H3PO3,

phosphorous acid

*Naming: Organic Acids

*There is a very serious set of rules for naming all possible organic acids. Most of the time, they can be ignored. Common names are used instead.

*A few you need to know:

*CH3COOH- Acetic acid

*CHOOH – Formic Acid

*Practice Names: Binary

*HI…

*HF.. .

*H2S…

*HBr…

*H3P…

Hydroiodic acidHydrofluoric acid Hydrosulfuric acid Hydrobromic acid Hydrophosphoric acid

*Practice Names: Oxyacids

*H2CO3….

*HNO3….

*H2SO3….

*HBrO3….

*H3PO4….

Carbonic acidNitric acid Sulfurous acid Bromic acid Phosphoric acid