ISSN 0020�4412, Instruments and Experimental Techniques, 2012, Vol. 55, No. 3, pp. 389–391. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2012.Original Russian Text © A.G. Zherlitsyn, L.D. Butakov, V.S. Kositsyn, V.I. Tolmachev, V.P. Shiyan, 2012, published in Pribory i Tekhnika Eksperimenta, 2012, No. 3, pp. 97–99.

389

† When investigations are performed in the area ofrelativistic microwave electronics, semiconductor andvacuum microwave detectors are widely used as a partof diagnostic systems for measuring parameters ofpulse microwave radiation [1]. In the course of opera�tion, microwave detectors must be calibrated usinggenerators possessing a high stability, a sufficient pulsepower, a rectangular pulse shape, and the possibility oftuning its frequency.

In this paper, we describe a tunable microwave gen�erator, allowing one to form microsecond pulses in afrequency range of 2.7–3.7 GHz. The above frequencyrange is covered by two generator modules, which arephysically integrated by the generator housing. Asactive elements of the modules, ГИ�25 and ГС�21metal–ceramic microwave triodes are used. The gen�erator modules are connected in the common�gridcircuit. Each triode is built into the double coaxial res�onance system consisting of the anode–grid and cath�ode–grid circuits [2, 3]. The generation frequency istuned by varying the parameters of the both circuits byshifting short�circuiting pistons. The triode is heatedby the direct current from a stabilized source. Theanode voltage pulse with an amplitude of ≥2 kV isformed by the modulator.

The schematic diagram of the generator is shown inFig. 1. The modulator contains the capacitive storage(C1, C2), transistor switch Q3, pulse transformer Tr3,compensating voltage stabilizer on transistors Q1 andQ2, control pulse forming circuit on transistor Q4 andthyristors QD1 and QD2, and forming line FL oncapacitors C3–C8. Capacitors C1 and C2, which arepreliminarily charged from the voltage source (Q1, Q2),are discharged through pulse transformer Tr3 into theload. In this case, a high�power high�voltage pulse isformed at the anode. The process of charging and dis�charge of capacitor storage C1–C2 is controlled via the

† Deceased.

control pulse formation circuit (Q4, QD1, and QD2)through transistor Q3.

Voltage divider R1–R2 and current transformer Tr5are used to control the anode voltage and current. Thedevice “Ianode” records the average anode current ofthe microwave generator tubes, integrated into mod�ules F1 and F2. The stabilized filament voltage source isconnected to the supply line (220 V, 50 Hz) throughthe transformer. The outputs of the modulator and thefilament voltage source, as well as the elements speci�fying the voltage levels, are switched by relay contactsKA1–KA4 to each generator module F1 and F2. Theelements in common for modules F1 and F2 are as fol�lows: (i) the indicator device for monitoring the aver�age anode current of the generator triode; (ii) connec�tor “Synch,” which is the output of the positive�polar�ity pulse with a 10�V amplitude for synchronizing theoscilloscope; (iii) connectors “Ua” and “Ia,” which arethe outputs of the check voltage pulse from the dividerand the current transformer, respectively; and (iv) tog�gle switches “Power” and “Anode ON” with filament�and anode�voltage switch�on indicators. The frontpanel of each generator module contains the outputmicrowave power connector and the frequency�tuningknob connected to the reading unit.

The designed generator was experimentally tested.It has been used today for performing studies on gen�eration of high�power microwave radiation for cali�brating vacuum and semiconductor detectors and fortuning microwave elements of the diagnostic system.The oscillogram of the microwave generator pulseenvelope, obtained by using the detector based on a6Д3Д vacuum microwave diode, is shown in Fig. 2. Inthis case, a 9350C LeCroy digital oscilloscope with a500�MHz sampling rate was used. As it can be seenfrom the oscillogram, the pulse waveform is close torectangular.

When the generator operates into a 50�Ω matchedload, the output pulse power is controlled by using a

ELECTRONICS AND RADIO ENGINEERING

A Pulse Microwave GeneratorA. G. Zherlitsyn, L. D. Butakov†, V. S. Kositsyn, V. I. Tolmachev, and V. P. Shiyan

Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, pr. Lenina 2a, Tomsk, 634050 Russia

e�mail: zherl@tpu.ruReceived June 21, 2011; in final form, September 28, 2011

Abstract—The tunable generator intended for producing rectangular microwave pulses with a 1�µs duration,50�Hz pulse repetition rate, and 1�kW power, operating in a frequency range of 2.7–3.7 GHz, is described.The generator can be used for calibrating microwave detectors and tuning microwave units in investigationsperformed in the area of relativistic microwave electronics.

DOI: 10.1134/S0020441212020182

390

INSTRUMENTS AND EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES Vol. 55 No. 3 2012

ZHERLITSYN et al.

Pul

se m

odul

ator

Fila

men

t vol

tage

sour

ce

Fila

men

t

Mod

ule F

requ

ency

Ou

tpu

t1

22 n

F

6.8

nF

6.8

nF

Fila

men

t

Mod

ule

Fre

quen

cy

Ou

tpu

t2

430 Ω

820 Ω

KA

1

KA

2

KA

3

KA

4

M1

Ua2

22 μ

F

110 Ω

820 Ω

470μ

F +

D10

–D

13

54

19

1011

–14

76

3

2122

2319

2024

2526

27

2122

2316

1224

2526

2724

8

KA

5

“Pow

er O

N”

100 Ω

100 Ω

100 kΩ

100 kΩ

“Gri

dcu

rren

t”“ I

ano

de”

KA

5�2

F1/

F2

KA

5�1

514

134

32

120

196

97

1015

1218

1117

“An

od

e”

“An

od

eO

N”

“Po

wer

”

Тr1

12

1413

34

58

67

910

1516

1117

1218

1413

1211

109

87

65

43

21

“Uа”

“Iа”

“Syn

ch.”

22 n

F22

nF

1 А

~22

0 V

50 H

z

12

1413

34

58

67

910

1516

1117

1218

Тr4Тr3

Ua1

Ua

R1

510

kΩТ

r547

nF

51

R2

51D

9

1 μ

F

2.2

k Ω

D5

D6

0.33

μF

20 Ω

20 Ω

QD

2

QD

1

D3

51 Ω

510

3 k Ω

D7

D8

27 kΩ

68 n

F51

Ω

0.33

μF

Q4

Тr2

FL

Q3

Q2

Q1

19 18 17 16 15

560 kΩ

1.2

kΩ

D1 D

2

4.7 μ

F

4.7 μ

F ++

1.2

k Ω3

kΩ

150

kΩ

560

kΩ

62 kΩ

560 kΩ

D4

12 kΩ

10 n

F

620

k Ω

620

kΩ

С1

0.47

μF

С2

0.47

μF

+ +

1 μ

F

L1

4.7 nF

С3–

С8

+

F1

+F

2

··

··

··

4.7 nF

4.7

nF

Fig

. 1. S

chem

atic

dia

gram

of

the

gen

erat

or: (

M1)

KP

142E

H12

; (Q

1) К

Т85

9; (

Q2)

KT

506;

(Q

3) I

RG

4PH

50K

; (Q

4) K

T11

7B6;

(Q

D1,

QD

2) К

У10

4 th

yris

tors

; (D

1, D

2) K

Д20

9di

odes

; (D

3) K

C15

6; (

D4)

KC

210;

(D

5–D

8) К

Д20

8; (

D9)

КД

522,

an

d (D

10–

D13

) К

Д20

8.

INSTRUMENTS AND EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES Vol. 55 No. 3 2012

A PULSE MICROWAVE GENERATOR 391

directional coupler, Д3�29 precision attenuator, andM3�56 average�power meter (class 4/0.1), taking intoaccount the off�duty factor and the pulse waveform.

The described generator has the following maincharacteristics. The frequency range is 2.7–3.7 GHz;the output power in operation into a 50�Ω load with aVSWR of ≤1.3 is ≥1.0 kW; the pulse duration at half�maximum is ≥1.0 μs; the pulse waveform is rectangu�lar; the pulse repetition rate is 50 Hz; the anode (pulse)voltage is 2.2 kV; the anode (pulse) current is 2.2 A; thepower consumption is ≤100 W; and the overall dimen�sions of the generator are 480 × 310 × 120 mm.

The generator is powered from the single�phase acpower line with a voltage of 220 ± 22 V and frequencyof 50 Hz.

REFERENCES1. Babichev, D.A., Shiyan, V.P., and Mel’nikov, G.V.,

Instrum. Exp. Tech., 2003, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 369–372.2. Epstein, A.G., Izmeritel’naya apparatura sverkhvysok�

ikh chastot (Measurement Devices for Microwaves),Leningrad: Sudostroenie, 1965.

3. Vamberskii, M.V., Kazantsev, V.I., and Shelukhin, S.A.,Peredayushchie ustroistva SVCh (Transmitting Devicesfor Microwaves), Moscow: Vyssh. Shkola, 1984.

C4

Fig. 2. Oscillogram of the microwave pulse envelope.