a practical guide to building websites with html5 & css3

HTML5CSS3

- Greetings. I’m a designer, nerd, htmler, csser. i’ve built many a wordpress site. - Wordpress is HTML and CSS from top to bottom. from wp-admin to themes & plugins.Wordpress3’s default theme twenty ten is HTML5—so I thought I’d show you how you can use it now in your sites right now!- covering a lot today so stop me if you have questions- I’m no expert, just a fanboy. Every day I learn something new about HTML5 and CSS3, so please use this opportunity to teach me a thing or two, too.

HTML5 CSS3

HTML5New ElementsFormsSemanticsJavascript

CSS3SelectorsPropertiesFonts

I’m not covering everything as there’s so much! My aim today is to show you the useful bits that I find myself using quite often.

HTML5 CSS3New ElementsFormsSemanticsJavascript




HTML5 CSS3New ElementsFormsSemanticsJavascript

SelectorsProperties

Fonts




WHATWG TF?

What is HTML5- the next version of HTML- html started in 1991 by TBL- historically W3C is the governing body- distracted by XML and so began the XHTML movement- XHTML2.0 complete non-backward compatible rebuild, total disaster- in 2004 some disgruntled ex w3c people formed the Web Hypertext Application Technology Work Group WHATWG- w3c = democratic vote- WHATWG = final decisions where made by one guy Ian Hickson- lots of contributors but final decision made by Iain Hickson- but now everyone is playing nicely - W3C+WHATWG are combining their efforts

WHYTML5?

- Built on a set of design principles, key one being “Support Existing Content”- Phrases like Don’t reinvent the wheel and Pave the cowpaths - if there’s a common way designers are doing something—even if it isn’t the best way—it should be put in the HTML5 standard. aka If it aint broke don’t fix it.- so html5 is built on existing standards and conventions- make your life easier- could mean your code could end looking a bit all over the place...- make your code good looking, semantic and accessible- as we move through you’ll realise why you should be using HTML5

You’re all familiar with this.I spent many an angered hour trying to convince people this is the way to go! Things have started to change. Huge advances in mobile technology has meant that we’re having to surf the web like it’s 1999 again. High speed internet hasn’t made it into our pockets. The number of bytes and server calls are actually a concern again - who wants to pwn your mobile data plans downloading characters and bytes...

That’s why this makes much more sense. It’s doing exactly the same thing as the previous example but is so much slimmer.

For me HTML5 is more about semantics, usability and accessibility than syntax.

The smart HTML5 people have done some serious research into the way in which we write HTML and noticed hundreds of regularly trodden paths.

embedding audio and video on websites is way more common now thanks to increased bandwidth

Blogs are full of time based articles and sections.

The very layouts we create everyday contain headers, footers, navigation and sidebars.

And this is a high level view of how those semantics might pan out.

I’ll dive into each of the main structural elements - with reference to what the spec says and show an example. This will be a quick-fire run through. but these slides are available online for further perusal.

<header>

Typically used to group a set of h1–h6 elements to mark up a page’s title with its subtitle or tagline. May contain more than just the section’s headings and subheadings — e.g., version history information or publication date.

<header>

<header> <h1>Dontcom</h1> <h2>The home of Darren Wood</h2></header>

<nav>

The nav element is a section containing links to other documents or to parts within the current document.Not all groups of links on a page need to be in a nav element — only primary navigation links. In particular, it is common for footers to have a list of links to various key parts of a site - you wont need the nav element - the footer element will suffice.

<nav>

<nav> <ul> <li><a href=”/”>Home</a></li> <li><a href=”/about”>About</a></li> ... </ul></nav>

<aside>

Content that is tangentially related to the content around the aside element - considered separate from that content. Such sections are often represented as sidebars in printed typography.

<aside>

<aside> <h2>Blogroll</h2> <ul> <li><a href=”#”>Keith</a></li> <li><a href=”#”>Amber</a></li> <li><a href=”#”>Kim</a></li> </ul></aside>

<section>

Represents a generic document or application section. A section is a thematic grouping of content, typically with a header, possibly with a footer.

Examples: chapters in a book, various tabbed pages in a tabbed dialog box, a home page could be split into sections for an introduction, news items, contact information.

<section><section> <h1>Level 1</h1> <section> <h1>Level 2</h1> <section> <h1>Level 3</h1> </section> </section></section>

<article>

Forms an independent part of a document, page, or site. A forum post, a magazine or newspaper article, a Web log entry, a user-submitted comment, or any other independent item of content.

Think of it as an item that can be syndicated via RSS or ATOM

<article><article> <header> <h1>Blog Post Title</h1> <h2>Sub title</h2> </header> <p>Synergistically optimize flexible communities via cross-‐unit information. Objectively impact bricks-‐and-‐clicks catalysts for change rather than reliable.</p></article>

<footer>

Typically contains metadata about its enclosing section, such as who wrote it, links to related documents, copyright data, etc.

<footer>

<footer> <p>© Darren Wood 2010</p></footer>

<video>

Represents a video or movie.Content may be nested inside the video element. User agents should not show this content to the user. Authors should use this content to force older browsers to use a legacy video plugin or to inform the user of how to access the video content.

<audio>

See Video

GOOD FORM

searchemailurltelrangenumberdatedatetimedatetime-‐localtimemonthcolor

type=

so far only webkit browsers and opera will support those types. But that’s OK, because other browsers will just default to type=”text”. So USE these fields.

placeholder=”enter something here”autofocusrequiredautocomplete=”off”

SEMANTICS

- new elements means less divs- richer meaning in documents- helps SEO- helps accessibility- extensibility (think XML—creating new tags, etc)- microformats

<a href=”/about”> <h1>About Us</h1> <h2>Learn more about what we do</h2></a>

awesome a elements

JAVASCRIPT

- HTML5 includes javascript stuff too- I’m no programmer so I’ll be brief- I haven’t used these things, I just saw them in a movie- what’s interesting to note is that IE has been supporting a lot of these things for quite some time. They did after all invent AJAX back in the IE5 days.

dragoverdragenterdropdataTransfer

Drag & Drop

Drag & DropHTML 5 DnD is based on Microsoft’s - Internet Explorer 5!- you can see this now with attachments in gmail

var canvas = document.getElementById("c"), context = canvas.getContext("2d");

context.fillRect(10, 20, 200, 100);

Canvas

Canvas- environment for creating dynamic images- drawing shapes- filing colours- gradients/patterns- all browsers except ie6, 7 &8. IE9 does support.

// x = 10, y = 20, width = 200, height = 100

navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition();

Geolocation

Geolocation- your browser is capable of knowing where you are- don’t ask me how.- google maps uses it.

document.getElementsByClassName('test')document.querySelectorAll('.testClass')

Get Elements by Class Name

getElementByClassName- IE9- like the name suggests—top one returns a node list of elements with a class containing test- querySelectorAll() is similar to the way jquery selectors work.

localStorage

Client/Web Storage

Client Storage- Basically Cookies on crack.- Rather than a few bytes this can store megabytes. - uses an SQL like syntax for retrieval

<html manifest=”/cache.manifest”>

Offline Application Cache

Offline Application Cache- Means your browser can access the cache without being online.- great for mobile apps- can trigger events when browser comes back online, etc

CSS3

And now time for some fun stuff. Javascript even bores programmers half to death!- show you all available css3 selectors; then show you some of the more useful ones- the new properties- media queries- fonts

SELECTORS

everything you’re about to see works on all browsers (ie9)

many new selectors. a lot of them are quite similar to each other so I’m going to show you the one’s I’ve found most useful.

div[class^="nav"] { background:#ff0; }

div[class$="nav"] { background:#ff0; }

div[class*="nav"] { background:#ff0; }

Substring matching attribute selector

Extends the attribute selector1) Starts with NAV2) Ends with NAV3) Contains NAV

p:nth-‐child(3) { color:#f00; }

li:nth-‐child(odd) { color: #eee; }

li:nth-‐child(3n+10) {color: #eee; }

The :nth-child() pseudo-class

The :nth-child() pseudo-class targets an element that has a certain number of siblings before it in the document tree. The arguments can be a number, a keyword, or a formula.1) Matches third p element that is the 3rd child of it’s parent2) Matches every first, third, fifth, etc li element3) Contains NAV

li:last-‐child { border-‐bottom: 0; }

The :last-child pseudo-class

The :last-child pseudo-class targets an element that is the last child of its parent element.

p:empty { display: none; }

The :empty pseudo class

Matches an element that contains no children (including text nodes).great for cleaning up potentially dodgy wysiwyg editor code

http://www.dontcom.com/about#contact

p:target { background: #ff9; }

The :target pseudo class

Matches an element that is the target of the referring URL.

http://www.dontcom.com/about#

http://www.dontcom.com/about#

p::selected { background: #ff9; }

The ::selection pseudo class

Matches the portion of an element that is currently selected or highlighted by the user.

PROPERTIES

This is where things get interesting

VENDORPREFIXES

A small note on vendor/browser prefixes:- browsers have adopted a method of including “cutting edge” CSS properties- “cutting edge” in this case means the CSS is still in draft with the W3C- means you can use them and thus help vendors test their specific implimentation of the CSS standard.- some debate whether this is good or bad. I’m on the fence. I use them and it doesn’t really bother me.

-‐ms-‐border-‐radius:

-‐moz-‐border-‐radius:

-‐webkit-‐border-‐radius:

-‐khtml-‐border-‐radius:

-‐o-‐border-‐radius:

Here they are- Microsoft- Mozilla- Webkit- Konquerer- Opera

opacity: 0.8;opacity: 1;

background-‐color: rgba(153,0,0,0.5);background-‐color: hsla(0,100,60,0.5);

Colour & Opacity

Opacity sets the degree of opacity of the entire object. This affects all children.ie9Use vendor prefixes for opacity

RGBA HSLA can be used for any colour settings: border-color, color, background-color, etcie9

background-‐size: 200px 30px;

Background & Borders

sets the width and height of a background image pixels or percentageuse vendor prefixes for Firefox

IE9

background-‐image: url(img01.png) no-‐repeat, url(img02.png) no-‐repeat;

Background & BordersMultiple Background Images

Finally! Multiple background images!You can position them using the usual background position methods

IE9

border-‐image: url(border.png) 0 10 0 10 stretch;

Background & BordersBorder Image

Allows you to create image borders. You position the image much like you would position a background image. Quite difficult to explain - but if you’ve used CSS sprites before it’s a similar concept.

border-‐radius: 10px;border-‐top-‐right-‐radius: 10px;

Background & BordersBorder Radius

Yay! Rounder corners!Can set individual borders.

vendor prefixes for webkit and mozillaie 9

box-‐shadow: 10px 10px 10px #333

Background & BordersBox Shadow

Drop shadows are go!horizontal offsetvertical offsetblur radiuscolorvendor prefix for mozilla webkitie9

text-‐shadow: 10px 10px 10px #333;

TextText Shadow

Text shadowhorizontal offsetvertical offsetblur radiuscolor

text-‐overflow: ellipse;

TextText Overflow

Allows you to set what happens when text overflows.

The useful solution is to use an ellipse.Firefox nightlies

#skew { transform:skew(35deg); }

#scale { transform:scale(1,0.5); }

#rotate { transform:rotate(45deg); }

#rotate-‐skew-‐scale-‐translate { transform:skew(30deg)scale(1.1,1.1)rotate(40deg)

}

CSS Transforms

change the angle/shape of objects.- skew- scalex scale y- rotate- all togetherUSE VENDOR PREFIXES

img { position:absolute; left:0; transition: opacity 1s ease-‐in-‐out;}

img:hover { opacity:0;}

CSS Animated Transforms

change the angle/shape of objects.- skew- scalex scale y- rotate- all togetherUSE VENDOR PREFIXES

EMBEDDINGFONTS

font face allows you to embed fonts. Licensing issues. Use a service like typekit.com. It’s cheap, deals with licensing and has a huge number of fonts.

@font-‐face { font-‐family: 'Titillium Body'; src: url('Titillium.eot'); src: local('☺'), url('Titillium.woff') format('woff'), url('Titillium.ttf') format('truetype'), url('Titillium.svg#webfont') format('svg');}

Font Face

This is the total cross browser implementation.the smily face prevents the browser from showing a flash of unstyled contentEOT = Embedded Open Type for IEWOFF = Web Open Font Format - the standard - includes IETTF = true type - all browsers

http://typekit.com/http://www.fontsquirrel.com/http://code.google.com/webfonts

Typekit- subscription service- good number of fonts- deal with very good type foundries

Fontsquirrel- lots of free for use fonts.- creates @font-face css for you- has all font formats

Google- deal with typekit- small number of free fonts

http://typekit.com

http://typekit.com

http://www.fontsquirrel.com

http://www.fontsquirrel.com

http://code.google.com/webfonts

http://code.google.com/webfonts

MAKINGIT WORK

Modernizr is a script you add to your site which enables you to use these new HTML5 features as well as a host of the new CSS3 stuff.

document.createElement('nav');

first thing it does is makes everything play nice in IE6,7,8 but creating all the new HTML5 elements.

based on your browser (this example is firefox 3.6) modernizr adds an array of classes to the HTML element which enables you to hook in via CSS

.multiplebgs div p { /* properties for browsers which support multiple backgrounds */}

.no-‐multiplebgs div p { /* properties for browsers which don’t support multiple backgrounds */}

it also creates a moderniz javascript object which you can test against. This example is checking to see if your browser supports the new input type of date. If it doesn’t you can then provide a suitable fallback.

LINKS ANDRESOURCES

There are loads of websites what will help you generate cross browser CSS. Including the oldschool ie filters and vendor specific properties

http://mediaelementjs.com/http://css3pie.com/http://css3please.com/http://www.html5test.com/http://www.html5rocks.comhttp://html5doctor.com/

http://mediaelementjs.com/ HTML5 <video> and <audio> with H.264, FLV, WMV, or MP3 on any browserhttp://css3please.com/ - A collection of cross browser css properties and IE filters that will render CSS3 effects like dropshadows, etchttp://css3pie.com/ - an IE HTC include which makes ie6-ie8 render css3 features:- border-radius, box-shadow, border-image, multiple background, rgba, gradientshttp://www.html5test.com/ - will tell you what your browser supports http://www.html5rocks.com - a great place to see examples of awesome html5 stuffhttp://html5doctor.com/ - THE resource for HTML5

http://css3pie.com/

http://css3pie.com/

http://css3please.com/

http://css3please.com/

http://www.html5test.com

http://www.html5test.com

http://www.html5rocks.com




THANKS!http://www.slideshare.net/darren131

http://www.dontcom.com@darren

Thanks! Questions, etc...

http://www.slideshare.net/darren131

http://www.slideshare.net/darren131

http://www.dontcom.com

http://www.dontcom.com

a practical guide to building websites with html5 & css3

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