a performance evaluation report

Online Ammonia Analyzers for Water and Wastewater Treatment Applications A Performance Evaluation Report Prepared by the ITA Task Force on Ammonia Analyzers Zaki Ahmad, Chair Prepared Under the Direction of ITA's Test Subcommittee Steve Gluck, Chair ITA's Technical Committee Peter Craan, Chair John Grey, Vice-Chair and the ITA Board Joseph Murray, President James E. Patterson, Vice-President William H. Hendrix, Jr., Treasurer Charles Aycock William J. Borlase Charles W. Ganze Steven J. Gluck John Guidolin Steven Levy William P. Lewis Tom Pukenis Richard L. Stilwill Michael W. Sweeney Chris Vriezen 2001 Instrumentation Testing Association 631 N. Stephanie Street, 279 Henderson, NV 89014 USA

Instrumentation Testing Association (ITA) Electronic Publication

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Online Ammonia Analyzers for Water and Wastewater Treatment Applications Performance Evaluation Report Instrumentation Testing Association (ITA)

ii Preface

Abstract This performance evaluation report presents the results of tests conducted on online ammonia analyzers to evaluate the accuracy, reliability, and maintenance requirements of each analyzer for application in water and wastewater treatment. The Instrumentation Testing Association (ITA) and the City of Houston Public Works and Engineering in Houston, Texas sponsored this test. The performances of eight online ammonia analyzers were tested and evaluated over a period of 3 months. This test was conducted in a wastewater treatment environment of an activated sludge aeration basin. Testing ammonia analyzers in wastewater involves more variables and provides a harsher environment than testing in water, thereby, best representing a worst case scenario. Chapter 1 provides an introduction to online ammonia analyzers and describes the purpose and scope of this test. Chapters 2 through 5 present information regarding test site description, procedures and test data. Chapters 6 through 13 describe participating manufacturer online ammonia analyzers and present respective test results.



Preface iii

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Online Ammonia Analyzers for Water and Wastewater Treatment Applications: a Performance Evaluation Report prepared by the ITA Technical Committee, Test Subcommittee, Task Force on Ammonia Analyzers under the direction of the ITA Board. ISBN 1-58346-017-9

1. Online Ammonia Analyzers 2. Water, Wastewater and Industrial Treatment 3. Performance Evaluation Report 4. Instrumentation Testing Association

PER00AA-001 2001 Copyright © 2001 Instrumentation Testing Association (ITA) 631 North Stephanie Street, 279 Henderson, NV 89014 USA All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means or stored in a database or retrieval system without the prior written permission of ITA. Printed in CANADA 2001

Information contained in this work has been obtained by ITA and is believed to be reliable. However, neither ITA nor its officers, authors, or reviewers guarantees the accuracy orcompleteness of any information published herein and neither ITA nor its officers, authors, orreviewers shall be responsible for any errors, omissions, or damages arising out of use of thisinformation. This work is published with the understanding that ITA and its officers, authors, andreviwers are supplying information but are not attempting to render engineering or other professional services. If such services are required, the assistance of an appropriate professional should besought


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iv Preface

Performance Evaluation Report of the Instrumentation Testing Association The Instrumentation Testing Association (ITA) was established on March 1, 1984. The primary function of ITA is to conduct charitable, educational, and scientific testing for public safety. ITA's mission is to advance the theory and practice of instrumentation and automation for water and wastewater treatment and other public works facilities by promoting the reliable performance of environmental instrumentation and automation technologies. ITA's mission is designed to advance these services to provide better public water service and enhance public health. ITA carries out its mission by developing and disseminating information on instrumentation and automation technologies and conducting educational programs in the field of instrumentation and automation. ITA's Test Subcommittee, part of the ITA Technical Committee, was formed by the ITA Board to originate and produce performance evaluation reports of tested water and wastewater instrumentation to address the needs of ITA's membership. ITA's performance evaluation reports are intended to provide evaluation information through a review of technical practices and detailed procedures that research and experience have shown to be functional and practical. IMPORTANT NOTICE The contents of this publication are for general information only and are not intended to be a standard of the Instrumentation Testing Association (ITA). No reference made in this publication to any specific method, product, process, or service constitutes or implies an endorsement, recommendation, or warranty thereof by ITA. ITA makes no representation or warranty of any kind, whether expressed or implied, concerning the accuracy, product, or process discussed in this publication and assumes no liability. Anyone using this information assumes all liability arising from such use, including but not limited to infringement of any patent or patents. Instrumentation Testing Association Technical Committee Authorized for Publication by the Board of Directors Instrumentation Testing Association Tony M. Palmer, Executive Director The Instrumentation Testing Association is an international nonprofit technical and educational organization dedicated to promoting the understanding, selection, improvement, and cost-effective use of instrumentation and automation applications for monitoring and controlling water, wastewater, and industrial systems. Since 1984, ITA has provided educational and technical services to environmental specialists, including civil, mechanical, electrical, and environmental engineers; scientists; local, state, and government officials; treatment plant operators, technicians, and collection systems personnel; laboratory personnel; chemists; industrial technologists; students; academics; and equipment manufacturers and distributors. For information on membership, publications, and workshops, contact

Instrumentation Testing Association (ITA) 631 North Stephanie Street, 279 Henderson, Nevada 89014 USA Tel: (702) 568-1445 Fax: (702) 568-1446 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: http://www.instrument.org/


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Preface v

Preface The purpose of this publication is to report performance evaluation for testing online ammonia analyzer technologies for water and wastewater treatment applications. This evaluation report is intended to provide information regarding online ammonia analyzer operational conformance to conditions and standards typical of a specific testing environment. It is also intended to provide designers and operators with an information package to assist with the selection of online ammonia analyzers and to provide instrument manufacturers with information regarding equipment requirements for specific applications. This report presents results of field test data in tables of parameters and graphs of data that quantify performance and accuracy. It is difficult to compare these results in a general methodology since instrument applications and conditions vary greatly. Therefore, the reader of this report is responsible for determining which parameters are of most importance to his or her application to select the most suitable instrument for his or her respective needs. It is also emphasized that a complete assessment of the information presented herein requires that the report be read in its entirety. The ITA Test Subcommittee of the ITA Technical Committee, Task Force on Ammonia Analyzers prepared this publication under the direction of the ITA Board. Authors and reviewers include

Zaki Ahmad Bernie Beemster Duncan Browne Charles Chisari Peter Craan Al Dykes Steve Gluck John Grey Susan Harris Ron Jannsen Robert Lagrange Steve Levy Steve Lewis Joseph Murray Sudir Murthy Stephen Nutt Ralph Ottensmeyer Tim Pearson Frank Sicurella Jack Walsh Mads Warming Henrik Wendelboe Harry Wilkinson

Authors' and reviewers' efforts were supported by the following organizations:

Applied Spectrometry Associates, Inc., ChemScan, Waukesha, Wisconsin, USA Bran + Luebbe, Buffalo Grove, Illinois, USA City of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA City of Kalamazoo, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA Danfoss Analytical, Sonderborg, DENMARK Dow Chemical, Freeport, Texas, USA FPM Analytics, Inc., a division of ATMI, Buffalo Grove, Illinois, USA Grey Engineering, Inc., Mocksville, North Carolina, USA Hach Company, Loveland, Colorado, USA Hazen & Sawyer, New York, New York, USA


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vi Preface

Royce Instrument Corporation, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA Waltron Ltd., Whitehouse, New Jersey, USA Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA WTW Measurement Systems, Inc., Ft Myers, Florida, USA XCG Consultants, Ltd., Kitchener, Ontario, CANADA Zellweger Analytics, League City, Texas, USA

Review and support was also provided by ITA's Manufacturer Committee Harry Wilkinson, Chair Charles Chisari, Vice-Chair ITA technical staff project management and development was provided by Tony Palmer, Executive Director, and Maureen Ross, Technical Programs Director. Technical editing was provided by Myrna Duddy and Copy Editing by Lorna Johnson. All participating manufacturers for ITA's online ammonia analyzer performance evaluation test received a copy of ITA's test protocol and procedures before the test start date to review and provide comment. This publication was made possible through special project funding contributions and in-kind services provided by

ASA, Inc., ChemScan, Waukesha, Wisconsin, USA City of Fort Worth, Fort Worth, Texas, USA

City of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA City of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA

City of Yuba City, Yuba City, California, USA Danfoss Analytical, Sonderborg, DENMARK

Dow Chemical, Freeport, Texas, USA EMA, Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA

Endress + Hauser, Greenwood, Indiana, USA ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Baytown, Texas, USA

FPM Analytics, Inc., Buffalo Grove, Illinois, USA Gulf Coast Waste Disposal Authority, Houston, Texas, USA

Hach Company, Loveland, Colorado, USA Louisville and Jefferson County Metropolitan Sewer District, Louisville, Kentucky, USA

Montgomery Watson Americas, Inc., Houston, Texas, USA New York Department of Environmental Protection, New York, New York, USA

Padre Dam Municipal Water District, Santee, California, USA Waltron Ltd., Whitehouse, New Jersey, USA

Washington Suburban Sanitary Commission, Laurel, Maryland, USA Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA

WTW Measurement Systems, Inc., Ft Myers, Florida, USA Zellweger Analytics, League City, Texas, USA


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Preface vii

The success of this test was made possible with the full support of the City of Houston’s, Department of Public Works and Engineering, Wastewater Operations Laboratory Staff at the Beltway Wastewater Treatment Plant. ITA acknowledges the following City of Houston staff with special thanks for their dedication and support of this project.

• Joseph Murray, Deputy Assistant Director, Department of Public Works and Engineering, ITA President, for overall support of this ITA test.

• Zaki Ahmad, Senior Engineer, Manager Wastewater Operations Laboratory, ITA’s Test

Coordinator and ITA Ammonia Analyzer Task Force Chair, for overall project management.

• Al Dykes, Assistant Operations Manager Wastewater Operations Laboratory for overall responsibility of general maintenance and calibration of all ammonia analyzers.

• Daniel Chee, Chemist II, Wastewater Operations Laboratory, for management of overall test data

acquisition system, analyzing data and assisting in general maintenance of equipment.

• Jeff Farrel, Natalie Dadoush, Ed Hickl for assisting in analyzing the data, managing test data acquisition system, and providing general maintenance of equipment.

• Mark Goolsby, Seemin Ansari, Justice Minsah-Bansu, and Khoa Nguyen, all Chemists,

Wastewater Operations Laboratory for performing all test data analyses.

• Chia-Lang Lee, Laboratory Supervisor and his assistant Hemendra Patel, Chemist III, Wastewater Operations Laboratory for conducting quality control of each analysis performed.

• David Masri, Labor Crew Leader, Wastewater Operations Laboratory for daily inspection of all

test site plumbing and pumps, maintenance assistance and weekend attendance.


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Contents ix

Contents Chapter 1—Introduction ___________________________________________________________________ 1-1 1.0 Background___________________________________________________________________________ 1-1 1.0.1 Measuring Ammonia Levels_____________________________________________________________ 1-1 1.0.2 Types of Online Ammonia Analyzers ______________________________________________________ 1-2 1.0.2.1 Colorimetric Ammonia Analyzers _______________________________________________________ 1-3 1.0.2.2 Ion-Selective Electrode Ammonia Analyzers ______________________________________________ 1-5 1.0.2.3 Ultraviolet Absorbance Spectrophotometer Ammonia Analyzer________________________________ 1-6 1.0.3 Ammonia Analyzer Electronics Module____________________________________________________ 1-7 1.0.4 Treatment Processes Affecting Analyzers __________________________________________________ 1-8 1.0.5 Sample Conditioning Systems ___________________________________________________________ 1-8 1.0.6 Applications _________________________________________________________________________ 1-9 1.0.7 Analyzer Selection ____________________________________________________________________ 1-9 1.0.8 Ammonia Analyzers Tested _____________________________________________________________ 1-9 1.1 References___________________________________________________________________________ 1-11 Chapter 2—Test Facility ___________________________________________________________________ 2-1 2.0 Ammonia Analyzer Test Site ______________________________________________________________ 2-1 2.0.1 Test Field Conditions__________________________________________________________________ 2-2 2.0.1.1 Process Characteristics ______________________________________________________________ 2-3 2.0.1.2 Climatic Conditions _________________________________________________________________ 2-4 Chapter 3—Testing Process ________________________________________________________________ 3-1 3.0 Equipment Procurement _________________________________________________________________ 3-1 3.1 Initial Test Site Visit ____________________________________________________________________ 3-1 3.2 Analyzer Installation and Test Start-Up _____________________________________________________ 3-2 3.3 Test Performance and Data Collection______________________________________________________ 3-2 3.4 Data Analysis and Report Development _____________________________________________________ 3-2 Chapter 4—Test Procedures ________________________________________________________________ 4-1 4.0 Field Test Protocol and Procedures ________________________________________________________ 4-1 4.1 Test Installation _______________________________________________________________________ 4-1 4.1.1 Sampling System _____________________________________________________________________ 4-2 4.1.2 Sample Line _________________________________________________________________________ 4-3 4.1.3 Installation Shed _____________________________________________________________________ 4-4 4.1.4 Utilities_____________________________________________________________________________ 4-6 4.1.5 Analyzer Installations _________________________________________________________________ 4-7 4.2 Conformance Testing __________________________________________________________________ 4-13 4.3 Data Acquisition System ________________________________________________________________ 4-16 4.4 Analyzer Calibration___________________________________________________________________ 4-17 4.5 Operations and Maintenance ____________________________________________________________ 4-17 4.6 Subjective Analysis ____________________________________________________________________ 4-17 4.7 Interferences _________________________________________________________________________ 4-18 4.8 Limitations of the Test Program __________________________________________________________ 4-18 4.9 Comparison of Test Results______________________________________________________________ 4-18 Chapter 5—Test Data _____________________________________________________________________ 5-1 5.0 Laboratory Conformance Data____________________________________________________________ 5-1 5.0.1 Measurement Uncertainty ______________________________________________________________ 5-1 5.1 QA/QC Data __________________________________________________________________________ 5-1 5.1.1 Blind Standard Test ___________________________________________________________________ 5-2 5.1.2 Low Concentration Standard Test ________________________________________________________ 5-3 5.1.3 Blank Standard Test___________________________________________________________________ 5-4 5.1.4 High Concentration Standard Test _______________________________________________________ 5-5



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5.15 Houston Laboratory Blind Standard Test ___________________________________________________ 5-6 5.16 Spiked Sample Recovery Test ____________________________________________________________ 5-7 5.2 Weekly Process Characteristic Data________________________________________________________ 5-8 5.3 Analyzer Test Data _____________________________________________________________________ 5-9 5.3.1 Field Notes_________________________________________________________________________ 5-10 5.3.2 Signal-to-Noise Data _________________________________________________________________ 5-15 5.3.3 Conformance Variation Statistics _______________________________________________________ 5-16 5.3.4 Conformance Variation Scattergraph ____________________________________________________ 5-16 5.3.5 Variation from Conformance ___________________________________________________________ 5-16 5.3.6 Conformance Variation Histogram ______________________________________________________ 5-17 5.3.7 Analyzer Performance Graphs__________________________________________________________ 5-17 5.3.7.1 Data Not Considered Suitable for Analysis ______________________________________________ 5-17 Chapter 6—Applied Spectrometry Associates, Inc., ChemScan_____________________________________ 6-1 6.0 Analyzer Description____________________________________________________________________ 6-2 6.1 Principle of Operation __________________________________________________________________ 6-2 6.2 Commissioning Requirements_____________________________________________________________ 6-3 6.2.1 Analyzer Costs _______________________________________________________________________ 6-3 6.2.1.1 Analyzer with Electronics Module ______________________________________________________ 6-3 6.2.1.2 Sampling Conditioning System _________________________________________________________ 6-3 6.2.1.3 Reagents __________________________________________________________________________ 6-4 6.2.1.4 Calibration Standards _______________________________________________________________ 6-4 6.2.1.5 Recommended Spare Parts ___________________________________________________________ 6-4 6.2.1.6 Installation and Start-Up _____________________________________________________________ 6-4 6.2.1.7 Maintenance and Technical Support_____________________________________________________ 6-4 6.2.2 Packaging and Shipping _______________________________________________________________ 6-4 6.2.3 Power Requirements __________________________________________________________________ 6-4 6.2.4 Installation __________________________________________________________________________ 6-5 6.2.5 Start-Up ____________________________________________________________________________ 6-5 6.2.6 Documentation Provided _______________________________________________________________ 6-5 6.3 Support Systems _______________________________________________________________________ 6-6 6.3.1 Sample Conditioning (Screening or Filtration) ______________________________________________ 6-6 6.3.2 Sample Pumping _____________________________________________________________________ 6-6 6.4 Reagent Requirements___________________________________________________________________ 6-7 6.4.1 Reagent Pumping _____________________________________________________________________ 6-7 6.4.2 Chemicals Required ___________________________________________________________________ 6-7 6.4.3 Reagent Preparation __________________________________________________________________ 6-7 6.4.4 Reagent Volume and Shelf Life __________________________________________________________ 6-7 6.4.5 Reagent Consumption _________________________________________________________________ 6-7 6.4.6 Reagent Availability (Proprietary or Standard Chemicals)_____________________________________ 6-7 6.5 Maintenance Requirements_______________________________________________________________ 6-8 6.5.1 Calibration__________________________________________________________________________ 6-8 6.5.2 Maintenance_________________________________________________________________________ 6-8 6.5.3 Troubleshooting ______________________________________________________________________ 6-8 6.5.4 Accessibility of Components Requiring Service_____________________________________________ 6-10 6.5.5 Level of Skill________________________________________________________________________ 6-10 6.5.6 Special Tools or Other Devices Required _________________________________________________ 6-10 6.5.7 Use of Standard Components___________________________________________________________ 6-10 6.6 Operating Characteristics_______________________________________________________________ 6-10 6.6.1 Clarity of Display Indicators ___________________________________________________________ 6-10 6.6.2 Functions __________________________________________________________________________ 6-11 6.7 Design Factors _______________________________________________________________________ 6-11 6.7.1 Durability of Components _____________________________________________________________ 6-11 6.7.2 Quality of Construction _______________________________________________________________ 6-11 6.7.3 Mechanical and Electrical Assembly Methods _____________________________________________ 6-11



Contents xi

6.7.4 Finishing Techniques _________________________________________________________________ 6-12 6.8 Manufacturer's Analyzer Support _________________________________________________________ 6-12 6.8.1 Technical Support and Parts Supply _____________________________________________________ 6-12 6.8.2 Warranty __________________________________________________________________________ 6-12 6.8.3 Manufacturer Service Centers Contact Information _________________________________________ 6-12 6.9 Safety_______________________________________________________________________________ 6-12 6.9.1 Human Exposure to Injury_____________________________________________________________ 6-12 6.9.2 Equipment Exposure to Damage ________________________________________________________ 6-12 6.10 Consequence of Loss of Sample and Power ________________________________________________ 6-12 6.10.1 Zero Output Reading ________________________________________________________________ 6-13 6.10.2 Loss or Degradation of Signal _________________________________________________________ 6-13 6.10.3 Alarm Activation ___________________________________________________________________ 6-13 6.11 Manufacturer's Comments _____________________________________________________________ 6-13 6.12 Field Notes _________________________________________________________________________ 6-15 6.13 Test Results _________________________________________________________________________ 6-19 6.13.1 Signal-To-Noise Data _______________________________________________________________ 6-20 6.13.2 Conformance Statistics ______________________________________________________________ 6-23 6.13.3 Conformance Variation Scattergaph ____________________________________________________ 6-24 6.13.4 Variation from Conformance __________________________________________________________ 6-25 6.13.5 Conformance Variation Histogram _____________________________________________________ 6-26 6.13.6 Analyzer Performance Graphs_________________________________________________________ 6-27 Chapter 7—Bran + Luebbe _________________________________________________________________ 7-1 7.0 Analyzer Description____________________________________________________________________ 7-1 7.1 Principle of Operation __________________________________________________________________ 7-2 7.2 Commissioning Requirements_____________________________________________________________ 7-2 7.2.1 Analyzer Costs _______________________________________________________________________ 7-2 7.2.1.1 Analyzer with Electronics Module ______________________________________________________ 7-3 7.2.1.2 Sampling Conditioning System _________________________________________________________ 7-3 7.2.1.3 Reagents __________________________________________________________________________ 7-3 7.2.1.4 Calibration Standards _______________________________________________________________ 7-3 7.2.1.5 Recommended Spare Parts ___________________________________________________________ 7-3 7.2.1.6 Installation and Start-Up _____________________________________________________________ 7-3 7.2.1.7 Maintenance and Technical Support_____________________________________________________ 7-3 7.2.2 Packaging and Shipping _______________________________________________________________ 7-3 7.2.3 Power Requirements __________________________________________________________________ 7-3 7.2.4 Installation __________________________________________________________________________ 7-3 7.2.5 Start-Up ____________________________________________________________________________ 7-3 7.2.6 Documentation Provided _______________________________________________________________ 7-3 7.3 Support Systems _______________________________________________________________________ 7-4 7.3.1 Sample Conditioning __________________________________________________________________ 7-4 7.3.2 Sample Pumping _____________________________________________________________________ 7-4 7.4 Reagent Requirements___________________________________________________________________ 7-4 7.4.1 Reagent Pumping _____________________________________________________________________ 7-5 7.4.2 Chemicals Required ___________________________________________________________________ 7-5 7.4.3 Reagent Preparation __________________________________________________________________ 7-5 7.4.4 Reagent Volume and Shelf Life __________________________________________________________ 7-5 7.4.5 Reagent Consumption _________________________________________________________________ 7-5 7.4.6 Reagent Availability (Proprietary or Standard Chemicals)_____________________________________ 7-5 7.5 Maintenance Requirements_______________________________________________________________ 7-5 7.5.1 Calibration__________________________________________________________________________ 7-5 7.5.2 Maintenance_________________________________________________________________________ 7-5 7.5.3 Troubleshooting ______________________________________________________________________ 7-7 7.5.4 Accessibility of Components Requiring Service______________________________________________ 7-8 7.5.5 Level of Skill_________________________________________________________________________ 7-8



xii Contents

7.5.6 Special Tools or Other Devices Required __________________________________________________ 7-8 7.5.7 Use of Standard Components____________________________________________________________ 7-8 7.6 Operating Characteristics________________________________________________________________ 7-8 7.6.1 Clarity of Display Indicators ____________________________________________________________ 7-8 7.6.2 Functions ___________________________________________________________________________ 7-8 7.7 Design Factors ________________________________________________________________________ 7-9 7.7.1 Durability of Components ______________________________________________________________ 7-9 7.7.2 Quality of Construction ________________________________________________________________ 7-9 7.7.3 Mechanical and Electrical Assembly Methods ______________________________________________ 7-9 7.7.4 Finishing Techniques __________________________________________________________________ 7-9 7.8 Manufacturer's Analyzer Support __________________________________________________________ 7-9 7.8.1 Technical Support and Parts Supply ______________________________________________________ 7-9 7.8.2 Warranty __________________________________________________________________________ 7-10 7.8.3 Manufacturer Service Centers Contact Information _________________________________________ 7-10 7.9 Safety_______________________________________________________________________________ 7-10 7.9.1 Human Exposure to Injury_____________________________________________________________ 7-10 7.9.2 Equipment Exposure to Damage ________________________________________________________ 7-10 7.10 Consequence of Loss of Sample and Power ________________________________________________ 7-10 7.10.1 Zero Output Reading ________________________________________________________________ 7-11 7.10.2 Loss or Degradation of Signal _________________________________________________________ 7-11 7.10.3 Alarm Activation ___________________________________________________________________ 7-11 7.11 Manufacturer's Comments _____________________________________________________________ 7-11 7.12 Weekly Field Notes ___________________________________________________________________ 7-12 7.13 Test Results _________________________________________________________________________ 7-18 7.13.1 Signal-To-Noise ____________________________________________________________________ 7-19 7.13.2 Conformance Statistics ______________________________________________________________ 7-22 7.13.3 Conformance Variation Scattergraph ___________________________________________________ 7-23 7.13.4 Variation from Conformance __________________________________________________________ 7-24 7.13.5 Conformance Variation Histogram _____________________________________________________ 7-25 7.13.6 Analyzer Performance Graphs_________________________________________________________ 7-26 Chapter 8 —Danfoss Analytical _____________________________________________________________ 8-1 8.0 Analyzer Description____________________________________________________________________ 8-1 8.1 Principle of Operation __________________________________________________________________ 8-2 8.2 Commissioning Requirements_____________________________________________________________ 8-3 8.2.1 Analyzer Costs _______________________________________________________________________ 8-3 8.2.1.1 Analyzer with Electronics Module ______________________________________________________ 8-3 8.2.1.2 Sampling Conditioning System _________________________________________________________ 8-3 8.2.1.3 Reagents __________________________________________________________________________ 8-3 8.2.1.4 Calibration Standards _______________________________________________________________ 8-3 8.2.1.5 Recommended Spare Parts ___________________________________________________________ 8-3 8.2.1.6 Installation and Start-Up _____________________________________________________________ 8-3 8.2.1.7 Maintenance and Technical Support_____________________________________________________ 8-3 8.2.2 Packaging and Shipping _______________________________________________________________ 8-3 8.2.3 Power Requirements __________________________________________________________________ 8-4 8.2.4 Installation __________________________________________________________________________ 8-4 8.2.5 Start-Up ____________________________________________________________________________ 8-4 8.2.6 Documentation Provided _______________________________________________________________ 8-4 8.3 Support Systems _______________________________________________________________________ 8-4 8.3.1 Sample Conditioning (Screening or Filtration) ______________________________________________ 8-4 8.3.2 Sample Pumping _____________________________________________________________________ 8-4 8.4 Reagent Requirements___________________________________________________________________ 8-4 8.4.1 Reagent Pumping _____________________________________________________________________ 8-4 8.4.2 Chemicals Required ___________________________________________________________________ 8-4 8.4.3 Reagent Preparation __________________________________________________________________ 8-5



Contents xiii

8.4.4 Reagent Volume and Shelf Life __________________________________________________________ 8-5 8.4.5 Reagent Consumption _________________________________________________________________ 8-5 8.4.6 Reagent Availability (Proprietary or Standard Chemicals)_____________________________________ 8-5 8.5 Maintenance Requirements_______________________________________________________________ 8-5 8.5.1 Calibration__________________________________________________________________________ 8-5 8.5.2 Maintenance_________________________________________________________________________ 8-5 8.5.3 Troubleshooting ______________________________________________________________________ 8-5 8.5.4 Accessibility of Components Requiring Service______________________________________________ 8-7 8.5.5 Level of Skill_________________________________________________________________________ 8-7 8.5.6 Special Tools or Other Devices Required __________________________________________________ 8-8 8.5.7 Use of Standard Components____________________________________________________________ 8-8 8.6 Operating Characteristics________________________________________________________________ 8-8 8.6.1 Clarity of Display Indicators ____________________________________________________________ 8-8 8.6.2 Functions ___________________________________________________________________________ 8-8 8.7 Design Factors ________________________________________________________________________ 8-8 8.7.1 Durability of Components ______________________________________________________________ 8-8 8.7.2 Quality of Construction ________________________________________________________________ 8-8 8.7.3 Mechanical and Electrical Assembly Methods ______________________________________________ 8-8 8.7.4 Finishing Techniques __________________________________________________________________ 8-9 8.8 Manufacturer's Analyzer Support __________________________________________________________ 8-9 8.8.1 Technical Support and Parts Supply ______________________________________________________ 8-9 8.8.2 Warranty ___________________________________________________________________________ 8-9 8.8.3 Manufacturer Service Centers Contact Information __________________________________________ 8-9 8.9 Safety________________________________________________________________________________ 8-9 8.9.1 Human Exposure to Injury______________________________________________________________ 8-9 8.9.2 Equipment Exposure to Damage ________________________________________________________ 8-10 8.10 Consequence of Loss of Sample and Power ________________________________________________ 8-10 8.10.1 Zero Output Reading ________________________________________________________________ 8-10 8.10.2 Loss or Degradation of Signal _________________________________________________________ 8-10 8.10.3 Alarm Activation ___________________________________________________________________ 8-10 8.11 Manufacturer's Comments _____________________________________________________________ 8-11 8.12 Weekly Field Notes ___________________________________________________________________ 8-12 8.13 Test Results _________________________________________________________________________ 8-15 8.13.1 Signal-To-Noise Data _______________________________________________________________ 8-16 8.13.2 Conformance Statistics ______________________________________________________________ 8-19 8.13.3 Conformance Variation Scattergraph ___________________________________________________ 8-20 8.13.4 Variation from Conformance __________________________________________________________ 8-21 8.13.5 Conformance Variation Histogram _____________________________________________________ 8-22 8.13.6 Analyzer Performance Graphs ________________________________________________________ 8-23 Chapter 9 —FPM Analytical (A Division of ATMI) _____________________________________________ 9-1 9.0 Analyzer Description____________________________________________________________________ 9-2 9.1 Principle of Operation __________________________________________________________________ 9-3 9.2 Commissioning Requirements_____________________________________________________________ 9-3 9.2.1 Analyzer Costs _______________________________________________________________________ 9-3 9.2.1.1 Analyzer with Electronics Module ______________________________________________________ 9-3 9.2.1.2 Sampling Conditioning System _________________________________________________________ 9-3 9.2.1.3 Reagents __________________________________________________________________________ 9-4 9.2.1.4 Calibration Standards _______________________________________________________________ 9-4 9.2.1.5 Recommended Spare Parts ___________________________________________________________ 9-4 9.2.1.6 Installation and Start-Up _____________________________________________________________ 9-5 9.2.1.7 Maintenance and Technical Support_____________________________________________________ 9-5 9.2.2 Packaging and Shipping _______________________________________________________________ 9-5 9.2.3 Power Requirements __________________________________________________________________ 9-5 9.2.4 Installation __________________________________________________________________________ 9-5



xiv Contents

9.2.5 Start-Up ____________________________________________________________________________ 9-5 9.2.6 Documentation Provided _______________________________________________________________ 9-5 9.3 Support Systems _______________________________________________________________________ 9-5 9.3.1 Sample Conditioning (Screening or Filtration) ______________________________________________ 9-5 9.3.2 Sample Pumping _____________________________________________________________________ 9-6 9.4 Reagent Requirements___________________________________________________________________ 9-6 9.4.1 Reagent Pumping _____________________________________________________________________ 9-6 9.4.2 Chemicals Required ___________________________________________________________________ 9-6 9.4.3 Reagent Preparation __________________________________________________________________ 9-6 9.4.4 Reagent Volume and Shelf Life __________________________________________________________ 9-6 9.4.5 Reagent Consumption _________________________________________________________________ 9-6 9.4.6 Reagent Availability (Proprietary or Standard Chemicals)_____________________________________ 9-7 9.5 Maintenance Requirements_______________________________________________________________ 9-7 9.5.1 Calibration__________________________________________________________________________ 9-7 9.5.2 Maintenance_________________________________________________________________________ 9-7 9.5.3 Troubleshooting ______________________________________________________________________ 9-7 9.5.4 Accessibility of Components Requiring Service______________________________________________ 9-8 9.5.5 Level of Skill_________________________________________________________________________ 9-8 9.5.6 Special Tools or Other Devices Required __________________________________________________ 9-8 9.5.7 Use of Standard Components____________________________________________________________ 9-8 9.6 Operating Characteristics________________________________________________________________ 9-8 9.6.1 Clarity of Display Indicators ____________________________________________________________ 9-8 9.6.2 Functions ___________________________________________________________________________ 9-8 9.7 Design Factors ________________________________________________________________________ 9-8 9.7.1 Durability of Components ______________________________________________________________ 9-8 9.7.2 Quality of Construction ________________________________________________________________ 9-8 9.7.3 Mechanical and Electrical Assembly Methods ______________________________________________ 9-9 9.7.4 Finishing Techniques __________________________________________________________________ 9-9 9.8 Manufacturer's Analyzer Support __________________________________________________________ 9-9 9.8.1 Technical Support and Parts Supply ______________________________________________________ 9-9 9.8.2 Warranty ___________________________________________________________________________ 9-9 9.8.3 Manufacturer Service Centers Contact Information __________________________________________ 9-9 9.9 Safety_______________________________________________________________________________ 9-10 9.9.1 Human Exposure to Injury_____________________________________________________________ 9-10 9.9.2 Equipment Exposure to Damage ________________________________________________________ 9-10 9.10 Consequence of Loss of Sample and Power ________________________________________________ 9-10 9.10.1 Zero Output Reading ________________________________________________________________ 9-10 9.10.2 Loss or Degradation of Signal _________________________________________________________ 9-10 9.10.3 Alarm Activation ___________________________________________________________________ 9-10 9.11 Manufacturer's Comments _____________________________________________________________ 9-11 9.12 Weekly Field Notes ___________________________________________________________________ 9-12 9.13 Test Results _________________________________________________________________________ 9-15 9.13.1 Signal-To-Noise Data _______________________________________________________________ 9-16 9.13.2 Conformance Statistics ______________________________________________________________ 9-19 9.13.3 Conformance Variation Scattergraph ___________________________________________________ 9-20 9.13.4 Variation From Conformance _________________________________________________________ 9-21 9.13.5 Conformance Variation Histogram _____________________________________________________ 9-22 9.13.6 Analyzer Performance Graphs_________________________________________________________ 9-23 Chapter 10 —Hach Company ______________________________________________________________ 10-1 10.0 Analyzer Description__________________________________________________________________ 10-1 10.1 Principle of Operation ________________________________________________________________ 10-1 10.2 Commissioning Requirements___________________________________________________________ 10-1 10.2.1 Analyzer Costs _____________________________________________________________________ 10-1 10.2.1.1 Analyzer with Electronics Module ____________________________________________________ 10-1



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10.2.1.2 Sampling Conditioning System _______________________________________________________ 10-2 10.2.1.3 Reagents ________________________________________________________________________ 10-2 10.2.1.4 Calibration Standards _____________________________________________________________ 10-2 10.2.1.5 Recommended Spare Parts _________________________________________________________ 10-2 10.2.1.6 Installation and Start-Up ___________________________________________________________ 10-2 10.2.1.7 Maintenance and Technical Support___________________________________________________ 10-3 10.2.2 Packaging and Shipping _____________________________________________________________ 10-3 10.2.3 Power Requirements ________________________________________________________________ 10-3 10.2.4 Installation ________________________________________________________________________ 10-3 10.2.5 Start-Up __________________________________________________________________________ 10-3 10.2.6 Documentation Provided _____________________________________________________________ 10-4 10.3 Support Systems _____________________________________________________________________ 10-4 10.3.1 Sample Conditioning (Screening or Filtration) ____________________________________________ 10-4 10.3.2 Sample Pumping ___________________________________________________________________ 10-4 10.4 Reagent Requirements_________________________________________________________________ 10-4 10.4.1 Reagent Pumping ___________________________________________________________________ 10-4 10.4.2 Chemicals Required _________________________________________________________________ 10-4 10.4.3 Reagent Preparation ________________________________________________________________ 10-5 10.4.4 Reagent Volume and Shelf Life ________________________________________________________ 10-5 10.4.5 Reagent Consumption _______________________________________________________________ 10-5 10.4.6 Reagent Availability (Proprietary or Standard Chemicals)___________________________________ 10-5 10.5 Maintenance Requirements_____________________________________________________________ 10-5 10.5.1 Calibration________________________________________________________________________ 10-5 10.5.2 Maintenance_______________________________________________________________________ 10-6 10.5.3 Troubleshooting ____________________________________________________________________ 10-8 10.5.4 Accessibility of Components Requiring Service___________________________________________ 10-12 10.5.5 Level of Skill______________________________________________________________________ 10-12 10.5.6 Special Tools or Other Devices Required _______________________________________________ 10-12 10.5.7 Use of Standard Components_________________________________________________________ 10-13 10.6 Operating Characteristics_____________________________________________________________ 10-13 10.6.1 Clarity of Display Indicators _________________________________________________________ 10-13 10.6.2 Functions ________________________________________________________________________ 10-13 10.7 Design Factors _____________________________________________________________________ 10-13 10.7.1 Durability of Components ___________________________________________________________ 10-13 10.7.2 Quality of Construction _____________________________________________________________ 10-13 10.7.3 Mechanical and Electrical Assembly Methods ___________________________________________ 10-13 10.7.4 Finishing Techniques _______________________________________________________________ 10-13 10.8 Manufacturer's Instrument Support _____________________________________________________ 10-13 10.8.1 Technical Support and Parts Supply ___________________________________________________ 10-13 10.8.2 Warranty ________________________________________________________________________ 10-13 10.8.3 Manufacturer Service Centers Contact Information _______________________________________ 10-14 10.9 Safety_____________________________________________________________________________ 10-14 10.9.1 Human Exposure to Injury___________________________________________________________ 10-15 10.9.2 Equipment Exposure to Damage ______________________________________________________ 10-15 10.10 Consequence of Loss of Sample and Power ______________________________________________ 10-15 10.10.1 Zero Output Reading ______________________________________________________________ 10-15 10.10.2 Loss or Degradation of Signal _______________________________________________________ 10-15 10.10.3 Alarm Activation _________________________________________________________________ 10-15 10.11 Manufacturer's Comments ___________________________________________________________ 10-15 10.12 Weekly Field Notes _________________________________________________________________ 10-15 10.13 Test Results _______________________________________________________________________ 10-24 10.13.1 Signal-To-Noise Data _____________________________________________________________ 10-25 10.13.2 Conformance Statistics_____________________________________________________________ 10-28 10.13.3 Conformance Variation Scattergraph _________________________________________________ 10-29 10.13.4 Variation From Conformance _______________________________________________________ 10-30 10.13.5 Conformance Variation Histogram ___________________________________________________ 10-31



xvi Contents

10.13.6 Analyzer Performance Graphs_______________________________________________________ 10-31 Chapter 11 — Waltron Ltd. ________________________________________________________________ 11-1 11.0 Analyzer Description__________________________________________________________________ 11-1 11.1 Principle of Operation ________________________________________________________________ 11-2 11.2 Commissioning Requirements___________________________________________________________ 11-2 11.2.1 Analyzer Costs _____________________________________________________________________ 11-2 11.2.1.1 Analyzer with Electronics Module ____________________________________________________ 11-2 11.2.1.2 Sampling Conditioning System _______________________________________________________ 11-2 11.2.1.3 Reagents ________________________________________________________________________ 11-2 11.2.1.4 Calibration Standards _____________________________________________________________ 11-3 11.2.1.5 Recommended Spare Parts _________________________________________________________ 11-3 11.2.1.6 Installation and Start-Up ___________________________________________________________ 11-3 11.2.1.7 Maintenance and Technical Support___________________________________________________ 11-4 11.2.2 Packaging and Shipping _____________________________________________________________ 11-4 11.2.3 Power Requirements ________________________________________________________________ 11-4 11.2.4 Installation ________________________________________________________________________ 11-5 11.2.5 Start-Up __________________________________________________________________________ 11-5 11.2.6 Documentation Provided _____________________________________________________________ 11-5 11.3 Support Systems _____________________________________________________________________ 11-5 11.3.1 Sample Conditioning (Screening or Filtration) ____________________________________________ 11-5 11.3.2 Sample Pumping ___________________________________________________________________ 11-5 11.4 Reagent Requirements_________________________________________________________________ 11-6 11.4.1 Reagent Pumping ___________________________________________________________________ 11-6 11.4.2 Chemicals Required _________________________________________________________________ 11-6 11.4.3 Reagent Preparation ________________________________________________________________ 11-6 11.4.4 Reagent Volume and Shelf Life ________________________________________________________ 11-6 11.4.5 Reagent Consumption _______________________________________________________________ 11-6 11.4.6 Reagent Availability (Proprietary or Standard Chemicals)___________________________________ 11-6 11.5 Maintenance Requirements_____________________________________________________________ 11-7 11.5.1 Calibration________________________________________________________________________ 11-7 11.5.2 Maintenance_______________________________________________________________________ 11-7 11.5.3 Troubleshooting ____________________________________________________________________ 11-7 11.5.4 Accessibility of Components Requiring Service____________________________________________ 11-7 11.5.5 Level of Skill_______________________________________________________________________ 11-7 11.5.6 Special Tools or Other Devices Required ________________________________________________ 11-7 11.5.7 Use of Standard Components__________________________________________________________ 11-7 11.6 Operating Characteristics______________________________________________________________ 11-7 11.6.1 Clarity of Display Indicators __________________________________________________________ 11-7 11.6.2 Functions _________________________________________________________________________ 11-8 11.7 Design Factors ______________________________________________________________________ 11-8 11.7.1 Durability of Components ____________________________________________________________ 11-8 11.7.2 Quality of Construction ______________________________________________________________ 11-8 11.7.3 Mechanical and Electrical Assembly Methods ____________________________________________ 11-8 11.7.4 Finishing Techniques ________________________________________________________________ 11-8 11.8 Manufacturer's Analyzer Support ________________________________________________________ 11-8 11.8.1 Technical Support and Parts Supply ____________________________________________________ 11-8 11.8.2 Warranty _________________________________________________________________________ 11-9 11.8.3 Manufacturer Service Centers Contact Information ________________________________________ 11-9 11.9 Safety______________________________________________________________________________ 11-9 11.9.1 Human Exposure to Injury____________________________________________________________ 11-9 11.9.2 Equipment Exposure to Damage _______________________________________________________ 11-9 11.10 Consequence of Loss of Sample and Power _______________________________________________ 11-9 11.10.1 Zero Output Reading _______________________________________________________________ 11-9 11.10.2 Loss or Degradation of Signal ________________________________________________________ 11-9



Contents xvii

11.10.3 Alarm Activation _________________________________________________________________ 11-10 11.11 Manufacturer's Comments ___________________________________________________________ 11-10 11.12 Weekly Field Notes _________________________________________________________________ 11-10 11.13 Test Results _______________________________________________________________________ 11-14 11.13.1 Signal-To-Noise Data _____________________________________________________________ 11-15 11.13.2 Conformance Statistics_____________________________________________________________ 11-18 11.13.3 Conformance Variation Scattergraph _________________________________________________ 11-19 11.13.4 Variation From Conformance _______________________________________________________ 11-20 11.13.5 Conformance Variation Histogram ___________________________________________________ 11-21 11.13.6 Analyzer Performance Graphs_______________________________________________________ 11-22 Chapter 12 — WTW Measurement Systems, Inc._______________________________________________ 12-1 12.0 Analyzer Description__________________________________________________________________ 12-1 12.1 Principle of Operation ________________________________________________________________ 12-1 12.2 Commissioning Requirements___________________________________________________________ 12-1 12.2.1 Analyzer Costs _____________________________________________________________________ 12-1 12.2.1.1 Analyzer with Electronics Module ____________________________________________________ 12-1 12.2.1.2 Sampling Conditioning System _______________________________________________________ 12-1 12.2.1.3 Reagents ________________________________________________________________________ 12-2 12.2.1.4 Calibration Standards _____________________________________________________________ 12-2 12.2.1.5 Recommended Spare Parts _________________________________________________________ 12-2 12.2.1.6 Installation and Start-Up ___________________________________________________________ 12-2 12.2.1.7 Maintenance and Technical Support___________________________________________________ 12-2 12.2.2 Packaging and Shipping _____________________________________________________________ 12-2 12.2.3 Power Requirements ________________________________________________________________ 12-2 12.2.4 Installation ________________________________________________________________________ 12-2 12.2.5 Start-Up __________________________________________________________________________ 12-2 12.2.6 Documentation Provided _____________________________________________________________ 12-2 12.3 Support Systems _____________________________________________________________________ 12-3 12.3.1 Sample Conditioning (Screening or Filtration) ____________________________________________ 12-3 12.3.2 Sample Pumping ___________________________________________________________________ 12-3 12.4 Reagent Requirements_________________________________________________________________ 12-3 12.4.1 Reagent Pumping ___________________________________________________________________ 12-3 12.4.2 Chemicals Required _________________________________________________________________ 12-3 12.4.3 Reagent Preparation ________________________________________________________________ 12-3 12.4.4 Reagent Volume and Shelf Life ________________________________________________________ 12-3 12.4.5 Reagent Consumption _______________________________________________________________ 12-3 12.4.6 Reagent Availability (Proprietary or Standard Chemicals)___________________________________ 12-3 12.5 Maintenance Requirements_____________________________________________________________ 12-4 12.5.1 Calibration________________________________________________________________________ 12-4 12.5.2 Maintenance_______________________________________________________________________ 12-4 12.5.3 Troubleshooting ____________________________________________________________________ 12-4 12.5.4 Accessibility of Components Requiring Service____________________________________________ 12-4 12.5.5 Level of Skill_______________________________________________________________________ 12-4 12.5.6 Special Tools or Other Devices Required ________________________________________________ 12-4 12.5.7 Use of Standard Components__________________________________________________________ 12-4 12.6 Operating Characteristics______________________________________________________________ 12-4 12.6.1 Clarity of Display Indicators __________________________________________________________ 12-4 12.6.2 Functions _________________________________________________________________________ 12-5 12.7 Design Factors ______________________________________________________________________ 12-5 12.7.1 Durability of Components ____________________________________________________________ 12-5 12.7.2 Quality of Construction ______________________________________________________________ 12-5 12.7.3 Mechanical and Electrical Assembly Methods ____________________________________________ 12-5 12.7.4 Finishing Techniques ________________________________________________________________ 12-5 12.8 Manufacturer's Instrument Support ______________________________________________________ 12-5



xviii Contents

12.8.1 Technical Support and Parts Supply ____________________________________________________ 12-5 12.8.2 Warranty _________________________________________________________________________ 12-5 12.8.3 Manufacturer Service Center Contact Information _________________________________________ 12-6 12.9 Safety______________________________________________________________________________ 12-6 12.9.1 Human Exposure to Injury____________________________________________________________ 12-6 12.9.2 Equipment Exposure to Damage _______________________________________________________ 12-6 12.10 Consequence of Loss of Sample and Power _______________________________________________ 12-6 12.10.1 Zero Output Reading _______________________________________________________________ 12-6 12.10.2 Loss or Degradation of Signal ________________________________________________________ 12-6 12.10.3 Alarm Activation __________________________________________________________________ 12-6 12.11 Manufacturer's Comments ____________________________________________________________ 12-7 12.12 Weekly Field Notes __________________________________________________________________ 12-7 12.13 Test Results _______________________________________________________________________ 12-10 12.13.1 Signal-To-Noise Data _____________________________________________________________ 12-11 12.13.2 Conformance Statistics_____________________________________________________________ 12-14 12.13.3 Conformance Variation Scattergraph _________________________________________________ 12-15 12.13.4 Variation From Conformance _______________________________________________________ 12-16 12.13.5 Conformance Variation Histogram ___________________________________________________ 12-17 12.13.6 Analyzer Performance Graphs_______________________________________________________ 12-18 Chapter 13 — Zellweger Analytics __________________________________________________________ 13-1 13.0 Analyzer Description__________________________________________________________________ 13-1 13.1 Principle of Operation ________________________________________________________________ 13-2 13.2 Commissioning Requirements___________________________________________________________ 13-2 13.2.1 Analyzer Costs _____________________________________________________________________ 13-2 13.2.1.1 Analyzer with Electronics Module ____________________________________________________ 13-2 13.2.1.2 Sampling Conditioning System _______________________________________________________ 13-2 13.2.1.3 Reagents ________________________________________________________________________ 13-2 13.2.1.4 Calibration Standards _____________________________________________________________ 13-2 13.2.1.5 Recommended Spare Parts _________________________________________________________ 13-2 13.2.1.6 Installation and Start-Up ___________________________________________________________ 13-2 13.2.1.7 Maintenance and Technical Support___________________________________________________ 13-2 13.2.2 Packaging and Shipping _____________________________________________________________ 13-4 13.2.3 Power Requirements ________________________________________________________________ 13-4 13.2.4 Installation ________________________________________________________________________ 13-4 13.2.5 Start-Up __________________________________________________________________________ 13-4 13.2.6 Documentation Provided _____________________________________________________________ 13-4 13.3 Support Systems _____________________________________________________________________ 13-4 13.3.1 Sample Conditioning (Screening or Filtration) ____________________________________________ 13-4 13.3.2 Sample Pumping ___________________________________________________________________ 13-5 13.4 Reagent Requirements_________________________________________________________________ 13-5 13.4.1 Reagent Pumping ___________________________________________________________________ 13-5 13.4.2 Chemicals Required _________________________________________________________________ 13-5 13.4.3 Reagent Preparation ________________________________________________________________ 13-5 13.4.4 Reagent Volume and Shelf Life ________________________________________________________ 13-6 13.4.5 Reagent Consumption _______________________________________________________________ 13-6 13.4.6 Reagent Availability (Proprietary or Standard Chemicals)___________________________________ 13-6 13.5 Maintenance Requirements_____________________________________________________________ 13-6 13.5.1 Calibration________________________________________________________________________ 13-7 13.5.2 Maintenance_______________________________________________________________________ 13-8 13.5.3 Troubleshooting ___________________________________________________________________ 13-10 13.5.4 Accessibility of Components Requiring Service___________________________________________ 13-11 13.5.5 Level of Skill______________________________________________________________________ 13-11 13.5.6 Special Tools or Other Devices Required _______________________________________________ 13-11 13.5.7 Use of Standard Components_________________________________________________________ 13-11



Contents xix

13.6 Operating Characteristics_____________________________________________________________ 13-11 13.6.1 Clarity of Display Indicators _________________________________________________________ 13-11 13.6.2 Functions ________________________________________________________________________ 13-11 13.7 Design Factors _____________________________________________________________________ 13-11 13.7.1 Durability of Components ___________________________________________________________ 13-11 13.7.2 Quality of Construction _____________________________________________________________ 13-11 13.7.3 Mechanical and Electrical Assembly Methods ___________________________________________ 13-11 13.7.4 Finishing Techniques _______________________________________________________________ 13-12 13.8 Manufacturer's Instrument Support _____________________________________________________ 13-12 13.8.1 Technical Support and Parts Supply ___________________________________________________ 13-12 13.8.2 Warranty ________________________________________________________________________ 13-12 13.8.3 Manufacturer Service Centers Contact Information _______________________________________ 13-12 13.9 Safety_____________________________________________________________________________ 13-12 13.9.1 Human Exposure to Injury___________________________________________________________ 13-12 13.9.2 Equipment Exposure to Damage ______________________________________________________ 13-13 13.10 Consequence of Loss of Sample and Power ______________________________________________ 13-13 13.10.1 Zero Output Reading ______________________________________________________________ 13-13 13.10.2 Loss or Degradation of Signal _______________________________________________________ 13-13 13.10.3 Alarm Activation _________________________________________________________________ 13-13 13.11 Manufacturer's Comments ___________________________________________________________ 13-13 13.12 Weekly Field Notes _________________________________________________________________ 13-14 13.13 Test Results _______________________________________________________________________ 13-19 13.13.1 Signal-To-Noise Data _____________________________________________________________ 13-20 13.13.2 Conformance Statistics_____________________________________________________________ 13-23 13.13.3 Conformance Variation Scattergraph _________________________________________________ 13-24 13.13.4 Variation From Conformance _______________________________________________________ 13-25 13.13.5 Conformance Variation Histogram ___________________________________________________ 13-26 13.13.6 Analyzer Performance Graphs_______________________________________________________ 13-27 Appendix A—Definition of Terms____________________________________________________________A-1 Appendix B—Conformance Test Data ________________________________________________________B-1 B.1 Triplicate Conformance Tests_____________________________________________________________ B-5 Appendix C—QA/QC Test Data _____________________________________________________________C-1 C.1 Ultra Scientific Blind Standard Test________________________________________________________C-1 C.2 Low Concentration Standard Test _________________________________________________________C-3 C.3 Blank Standard Test ____________________________________________________________________C-4 C.4 High Concentration Standard Test_________________________________________________________C-6 C.5 Houston Laboratory Blind Standard Test ___________________________________________________C-7 C.6 Spiked Sample Recovery Test _____________________________________________________________C-9 Appendix D—Test Site Climatic Conditions ____________________________________________________D-1 D.1 Weather Report for July 2000 ____________________________________________________________D-1 D.2 Weather Report for August 2000 __________________________________________________________D-3 D.3 Weather Report for September 2000 _______________________________________________________D-5 D.4 Weather Report for October 2000 _________________________________________________________D-7 D.5 Weather Report for November 2000 _______________________________________________________D-9 D.6 Rainfall Report Beltway Treatment Plant __________________________________________________D-10



List of Tables xx

List of Tables Chapter 1—Introduction Table 1.0.4-1—Interferences for Ammonia Analyzers _____________________________________________ 1-8 Table 1.0.6-1—Typical Ammonia Analyzer Applications ___________________________________________ 1-9 Table 1.0.8-1—Online Ammonia Analyzers Evaluated____________________________________________ 1-10 Chapter 2—Test Facility Table 2.0.1.1-1—City of Houston Beltway Wastewater Treatment Plant Aeration Basin Treatment Process Characteristics ___________________________________________________________________________ 2-4 Chapter 3—Testing Process Table 3.3-1—Laboratory Analysis ____________________________________________________________ 3-2 Chapter 5—Test Data Table 5.2-1—Weekly Process Characteristics Data _______________________________________________ 5-8 Table 5.3.1-1—Test Site Sampling System Field Notes____________________________________________ 5-10 Table 5.3.7.1-1—Manufacturer Key Code _____________________________________________________ 5-18 Table 5.3.7.1-2—Time Table for Data Considered Unsuitable for Analysis ___________________________ 5-18 Table 5.3.7.1-3—Recorded Events for Data Considered Unsuitable for Analysis _______________________ 5-19 Chapter 6—Applied Spectrometry Associates, Inc., ChemScan Table 6.2.4-1—Preinstallation Checklist _______________________________________________________ 6-5 Table 6.5.2-1—ChemScan Analyzer Maintenance Checklist ________________________________________ 6-8 Table 6.5.3-1—Troubleshooting Checklist ______________________________________________________ 6-8 Table 6.12-1—ChemScan Field Notes ________________________________________________________ 6-15 Table 6.13.2-1—ChemScan Descriptive Statistics _______________________________________________ 6-23 Chapter 7—Bran + Luebbe Table 7.5.2-1—Bran + Luebbe Maintenance Log ________________________________________________ 7-6 Table 7.5.2-2—Bran + Luebbe Periodic Maintenance Log _________________________________________ 7-7 Table 7.5.3-1—Bran + Luebbe Sample Troubleshooting List _______________________________________ 7-7 Table 7.12-1—Bran + Luebbe Field Notes_____________________________________________________ 7-12 Table 7.13.2-1—Bran + Luebbe Descriptive Statistics____________________________________________ 7-22 Chapter 8 —Danfoss Analytical Table 8.5.3-1—Danfoss Troubleshooting Table __________________________________________________ 8-6 Table 8.12-1—Danfoss Field Notes __________________________________________________________ 8-12 Table 8.13.2-1—Danfoss Descriptive Statistics _________________________________________________ 8-19 Chapter 9 —FPM Analytical (A Division of ATMI) Table 9.12-1—FPM Field Notes_____________________________________________________________ 9-12 Table 9.13.2-1—FPM Descriptive Statistics____________________________________________________ 9-19 Chapter 10 —Hach Company Table 10.5.2-1—Hach Monthly Maintenance List _______________________________________________ 10-7 Table 10.5.2-2—Hach Six Month Maintenance List ______________________________________________ 10-7



List of Tables xxi

Table 10.5.2-3—Hach Yearly Maintenance ____________________________________________________ 10-7 Table 10.5.2-4—Hach Bi-Weekly Maintenance for Dirty Water Samples _____________________________ 10-7 Table 10.5.3-1—Hach Troubleshooting List for APA Setpoint Alarms _______________________________ 10-8 Table 10.5.3-2—Hach Troubleshooting List for APA 6000 System Alarms ____________________________ 10-8 Table 10.12-1—Hach Field Notes___________________________________________________________ 10-15 Table 10.13.2-1—Hach Descriptive Statistics _________________________________________________ 10-28 Chapter 11 — Waltron Ltd. Table 11.12-1—Waltron Field Notes ________________________________________________________ 11-12 Table 11.13.2-1—Waltron Descriptive Statistics _______________________________________________ 11-18 Chapter 12 — WTW Measurement Systems, Inc. Table 12.12-1—WTW Field Notes ___________________________________________________________ 12-7 Table 12.13.2-1—WTW Descriptive Statistics _________________________________________________ 12-14 Chapter 13 — Zellweger Analytics Table 13.2.1-1—Zellweger Cost Data ________________________________________________________ 13-3 Table 13.5-1—Zellweger Maintenance Costs ___________________________________________________ 13-6 Table 13.5.1-1—Zellweger Calibration Checklist _______________________________________________ 13-7 Table 13.5.2-1—Maintenance Checklist for Zellweger Polymetron 8810 Ammonia Analyzer______________ 13-9 Table 13.5.3-1—Shortcut Guide to Restarting Polymetron Zellweger Analytics Model 8810 Ammonia Analyzer ________________________________________________________ 13-10 Table 13.12-1—Zellweger Field Notes _______________________________________________________ 13-14 Table 13.13.2-1—Zellweger Descriptive Statistics ______________________________________________ 13-23 Appendix B—Conformance Test Data Table B-1—Daily Conformance Test Data ______________________________________________________ B-1 Table B-2—Daily Conformance Test Data ______________________________________________________ B-3 Table B.1-1—Ammonia Conformance Test for 07-31-00 ___________________________________________ B-5 Table B.1-2—Ammonia Conformance Test for 08-01-00 ___________________________________________ B-6 Table B.1-3—Ammonia Conformance Test for 08-02-00 ___________________________________________ B-6 Table B.1-4—Ammonia Conformance Test for 08-03-00 ___________________________________________ B-7 Table B.1-5—Ammonia Conformance Test for 08-04-00 ___________________________________________ B-7 Table B.1-6—Ammonia Conformance Test for 08-07-00 ___________________________________________ B-8 Table B.1-7—Ammonia Conformance Test for 08-08-00 ___________________________________________ B-8 Table B.1-8—Ammonia Conformance Test for 08-09-00 ___________________________________________ B-9 Table B.1-9—Ammonia Conformance Test for 08-10-00 ___________________________________________ B-9 Table B.1-10—Ammonia Conformance Test for 08-11-00 _________________________________________ B-10 Table B.1-11—Ammonia Conformance Test for 08-14-00 _________________________________________ B-10 Table B.1-12—Ammonia Conformance Test for 08-15-00 _________________________________________ B-11 Table B.1-13—Ammonia Conformance Test for 08-16-00 _________________________________________ B-11 Table B.1-14—Ammonia Conformance Test for 08-17-00 _________________________________________ B-12 Table B.1-15—Ammonia Conformance Test for 08-18-00 _________________________________________ B-12 Table B.1-16—Ammonia Conformance Test for 08-21-00 _________________________________________ B-13 Table B.1-17—Ammonia Conformance Test for 08-23-00 _________________________________________ B-13 Table B.1-18—Ammonia Conformance Test for 08-24-00 _________________________________________ B-14 Table B.1-19—Ammonia Conformance Test for 08-25-00 _________________________________________ B-14 Table B.1-20—Ammonia Conformance Test for 08-28-00 _________________________________________ B-15 Table B.1-21—Ammonia Conformance Test for 08-29-00 _________________________________________ B-15 Table B.1-22—Ammonia Conformance Test for 08-30-00 (Test 1) __________________________________ B-16 Table B.1-23—Ammonia Conformance Test for 08-30-00 (Test 2) __________________________________ B-16 Table B.1-24—Ammonia Conformance Test for 08-31-00 _________________________________________ B-17



xxii List of Tables

Table B.1-25—Ammonia Conformance Test for 09-01-00 _________________________________________ B-17 Table B.1-26—Ammonia Conformance Test for 09-05-00 _________________________________________ B-18 Table B.1-27—Ammonia Conformance Test for 09-06-00 _________________________________________ B-18 Table B.1-28—Ammonia Conformance Test for 09-07-00 _________________________________________ B-19 Table B.1-29—Ammonia Conformance Test for 09-08-00 _________________________________________ B-19 Table B.1-30—Ammonia Conformance Test for 09-11-00 _________________________________________ B-20 Table B.1-31—Ammonia Conformance Test for 09-12-00 _________________________________________ B-20 Table B.1-32—Ammonia Conformance Test for 09-13-00 _________________________________________ B-21 Table B.1-33—Ammonia Conformance Test for 09-14-00 _________________________________________ B-21 Table B.1-34—Ammonia Conformance Test for 09-15-00 _________________________________________ B-22 Table B.1-35—Ammonia Conformance Test for 09-18-00 _________________________________________ B-22 Table B.1-36—Ammonia Conformance Test for 09-19-00 _________________________________________ B-23 Table B.1-37—Ammonia Conformance Test for 09-20-00 _________________________________________ B-23 Table B.1-38—Ammonia Conformance Test for 09-21-00 _________________________________________ B-24 Table B.1-39—Ammonia Conformance Test for 09-22-00 _________________________________________ B-24 Table B.1-40—Ammonia Conformance Test for 09-25-00 _________________________________________ B-25 Table B.1-41—Ammonia Conformance Test for 09-26-00 _________________________________________ B-25 Table B.1-42—Ammonia Conformance Test for 09-27-00 _________________________________________ B-26 Table B.1-43—Ammonia Conformance Test for 09-28-00 _________________________________________ B-26 Table B.1-44—Ammonia Conformance Test for 09-29-00 _________________________________________ B-27 Table B.1-45—Ammonia Conformance Test for 10-02-00 _________________________________________ B-27 Table B.1-46—Ammonia Conformance Test for 10-03-00 _________________________________________ B-28 Table B.1-47—Ammonia Conformance Test for 10-04-00 _________________________________________ B-28 Table B.1-48—Ammonia Conformance Test for 10-05-00 _________________________________________ B-29 Table B.1-49—Ammonia Conformance Test for 10-06-00 _________________________________________ B-29 Table B.1-50—Ammonia Conformance Test for 10-09-00 _________________________________________ B-30 Table B.1-51—Ammonia Conformance Test for 10-10-00 _________________________________________ B-30 Table B.1-52—Ammonia Conformance Test for 10-11-00 _________________________________________ B-31 Table B.1-53—Ammonia Conformance Test for 10-12-00 _________________________________________ B-31 Table B.1-54—Ammonia Conformance Test for 10-13-00 _________________________________________ B-32 Table B.1-55—Ammonia Conformance Test for 10-16-00 _________________________________________ B-32 Table B.1-56—Ammonia Conformance Test for 10-17-00 _________________________________________ B-33 Table B.1-57—Ammonia Conformance Test for 10-18-00 _________________________________________ B-33 Table B.1-58—Ammonia Conformance Test for 10-19-00 _________________________________________ B-34 Table B.1-59—Ammonia Conformance Test for 10-20-00 _________________________________________ B-34 Table B.1-60—Ammonia Conformance Test for 10-23-00 _________________________________________ B-35 Table B.1-61—Ammonia Conformance Test for 10-24-00 _________________________________________ B-35 Table B.1-62—Ammonia Conformance Test for 10-25-00 _________________________________________ B-36 Table B.1-63—Ammonia Conformance Test for 10-26-00 _________________________________________ B-36 Table B.1-64—Ammonia Conformance Test for 10-27-00 _________________________________________ B-37 Table B.1-65—Ammonia Conformance Test for 10-30-00 _________________________________________ B-37 Table B.1-66—Ammonia Conformance Test for 10-31-00 _________________________________________ B-38 Table B.1-67—Ammonia Conformance Test for 11-01-00 _________________________________________ B-38 Table B.1-68—Ammonia Conformance Test for 11-02-00 _________________________________________ B-39 Table B.1-69—Ammonia Conformance Test for 11-03-00 _________________________________________ B-39 Appendix C—QA/QC Test Data Table C.1-1—Ammonia QA/QC Blind Standard Test Data _________________________________________C-1 Table C.2-1—Ammonia QA/QC Low Concentration Standard Test Data ______________________________C-3 Table C.3-1—Ammonia QA/QC Blank Standard Test Data _________________________________________C-4 Table C.4-1—Ammonia QA/QC High Concentration Standard Test Data______________________________C-6 Table C.5-1—Ammonia QA/QC Houston Laboratory Blind Standard Test Data_________________________C-7 Table C.6-1—Ammonia QA/QC Spiked Sample Recovery Test Data __________________________________C-9



List of Figures xxiii

List of Figures Chapter 1—Introduction Figure 1.0.1-1—Typical Ammonia Analyzer Measurement, Calibration, and Cleaning Cycle ______________ 1-3 Figure 1.0.2.1-1—Generic Colorimetric Ammonia Analyzer ________________________________________ 1-4 Figure 1.0.2.2-1—Generic Ion-Selective Electrode Ammonia Analyzer________________________________ 1-6 Figure 1.0.2.3-1—Generic Ultraviolet Absorbance Spectrophotometer Ammonia Analyzer ________________ 1-7 Chapter 2—Test Facility Figure 2.0-1—Beltway Plant Entrance ________________________________________________________ 2-1 Figure 2.0-2—Beltway Centralized Laboratory Facility ___________________________________________ 2-2 Figure 2.0-3—Beltway's Aeration Basin________________________________________________________ 2-2 Figure 2.0.1-1—Beltway's General Process Flow Schematic _______________________________________ 2-3 Chapter 4—Test Procedures Figure 4.1-1—Analyzers Installed at Shed ______________________________________________________ 4-2 Figure 4.1.1-1—Submerged Coarse Screens ____________________________________________________ 4-2 Figure 4.1.2-1—Sample Feed Line at Installation Shed ____________________________________________ 4-3 Figure 4.1.2-2—Typical Feed Hookup _________________________________________________________ 4-3 Figure 4.1.2-3—Typical Analyzer Hookup to Sample Feed _________________________________________ 4-4 Figure 4.1.3-1—Instrument Test Site Installation Shed at North End of Basin __________________________ 4-5 Figure 4.1.3-2—Shed Structure and Mounting Area for Analyzers ___________________________________ 4-5 Figure 4.1.4-1—Typical Waste Outlet _________________________________________________________ 4-6 Figure 4.1.4-2—Return Waste Pump __________________________________________________________ 4-7 Figure 4.1.5-1—Analyzer Test Site Installations _________________________________________________ 4-8 Figure 4.1.5-2—FPM Analyzer_______________________________________________________________ 4-9 Figure 4.1.5-3—Hach Analyzer ______________________________________________________________ 4-9 Figure 4.1.5-4—WTW Analyzer _____________________________________________________________ 4-10 Figure 4.1.5-5—Zellweger Analyzer__________________________________________________________ 4-10 Figure 4.1.5-6—Bran + Luebbe Analyzer _____________________________________________________ 4-11 Figure 4.1.5-7—ChemScan Analyzer _________________________________________________________ 4-12 Figure 4.1.5-8—Waltron Analyzer ___________________________________________________________ 4-12 Figure 4.1.5-9—Danfoss Analyzer ___________________________________________________________ 4-13 Figure 4.2-1—First Conformance Sample Point at Aeration Tank __________________________________ 4-14 Figure 4.2-2—Second Conformance Sample Point at Shed Sample Line______________________________ 4-15 Figure 4.2-3—Orion 949 Laboratory Analyzer Used for Conformance Testing ________________________ 4-15 Figure 4.2-4—Entering Conformance Test Data Into Data Acquisition System ________________________ 4-16 Figure 4.3-1—Data Acquisition System at Installation Shed _______________________________________ 4-16 Figure 4.3-2—Data Acquisition System Configuration ___________________________________________ 4-17 Chapter 5—Test Data Figure 5.1.1-1—Ammonia QA/QC Blind Standard Test Results _____________________________________ 5-2 Figure 5.1.2-1—Ammonia QA/QC Low Concentration Standard Test Results __________________________ 5-3 Figure 5.1.3-1—Ammonia QA/QC Blank Standard Test Results _____________________________________ 5-4 Figure 5.1.4-1—Ammonia QA/QC High Concentration Standard Test Results __________________________ 5-5 Figure 5.1.5-1—Ammonia QA/QC Houston Laboratory Blind Standard Test Results_____________________ 5-6 Figure 5.1.6-1—Ammonia QA/QC Spiked Sample Recovery Test Results ______________________________ 5-7 Chapter 6—Applied Spectrometry Associates, Inc., ChemScan Figure 6.13.1-1—ChemScan Signal-To-Noise Test for 08-08-00 ____________________________________ 6-20



xxiv List of Figures

Figure 6.13.1-2—ChemScan Signal-To-Noise Test for 08-10-00 ____________________________________ 6-21 Figure 6.13.1-3—ChemScan Signal-To-Noise Test for 10-30-00 ____________________________________ 6-22 Figure 6.13.3-1—ChemScan Conformance Variation Scattergraph _________________________________ 6-24 Figure 6.13.4-1—ChemScan Variation from Conformance ________________________________________ 6-25 Figure 6.13.5-1—ChemScan Conformance Variation Histogram Entire Test Period ____________________ 6-26 Figure 6.13.6-1—ChemScan Performance Graph Entire Test Period ________________________________ 6-27 Figure 6.13.6-2—ChemScan Performance Graph Week of 07-31-00_________________________________ 6-28 Figure 6.13.6-3—ChemScan Performance Graph Week of 08-07-00_________________________________ 6-29 Figure 6.13.6-4—ChemScan Performance Graph Week of 08-14-00_________________________________ 6-30 Figure 6.13.6-5—ChemScan Performance Graph Week of 08-21-00_________________________________ 6-31 Figure 6.13.6-6—ChemScan Performance Graph Week of 08-28-00_________________________________ 6-32 Figure 6.13.6-7—ChemScan Performance Graph Week of 09-04-00_________________________________ 6-33 Figure 6.13.6-8—ChemScan Performance Graph Week of 09-11-00_________________________________ 6-34 Figure 6.13.6-9—ChemScan Performance Graph Week of 09-18-00_________________________________ 6-35 Figure 6.13.6-10—ChemScan Performance Graph Week of 09-25-00________________________________ 6-36 Figure 6.13.6-11—ChemScan Performance Graph Week of 10-02-00________________________________ 6-37 Figure 6.13.6-12—ChemScan Performance Graph Week of 10-09-00________________________________ 6-38 Figure 6.13.6-13—ChemScan Performance Graph Week of 10-16-00________________________________ 6-39 Figure 6.13.6-14—ChemScan Performance Graph Week of 10-23-00________________________________ 6-40 Figure 6.13.6-15—ChemScan Performance Graph Week of 10-30-00________________________________ 6-41 Chapter 7—Bran + Luebbe Figure 7.13.1-1—Bran + Luebbe Signal-To-Noise Test for 08-08-00 ________________________________ 7-19 Figure 7.13.1-2—Bran + Luebbe Signal-To-Noise Test for 08-10-00 ________________________________ 7-20 Figure 7.13.1-3—Bran + Luebbe Signal-To-Noise Test for 10-30-00 ________________________________ 7-21 Figure 7.13.3-1—Bran + Luebbe Conformance Variation Scattergraph______________________________ 7-23 Figure 7.13.4-1—Bran + Luebbe Variation from Conformance ____________________________________ 7-24 Figure 7.13.5-1—Bran + Luebbe Conformance Variation Histogram Entire Test Period ________________ 7-25 Figure 7.13.6-1—Bran + Luebbe Performance Graph Entire Test Period ____________________________ 7-26 Figure 7.13.6-2—Bran + Luebbe Performance Graph Week of 07-31-00 _____________________________ 7-27 Figure 7.13.6-3—Bran + Luebbe Performance Graph Week of 08-07-00 _____________________________ 7-28 Figure 7.13.6-4—Bran + Luebbe Performance Graph Week of 08-14-00 _____________________________ 7-29 Figure 7.13.6-5—Bran + Luebbe Performance Graph Week of 08-21-00 _____________________________ 7-30 Figure 7.13.6-6—Bran + Luebbe Performance Graph Week of 08-28-00 _____________________________ 7-31 Figure 7.13.6-7—Bran + Luebbe Performance Graph Week of 09-04-00 _____________________________ 7-32 Figure 7.13.6-8—Bran + Luebbe Performance Graph Week of 09-11-00 _____________________________ 7-33 Figure 7.13.6-9—Bran + Luebbe Performance Graph Week of 09-18-00 _____________________________ 7-34 Figure 7.13.6-10—Bran + Luebbe Performance Graph Week of 09-25-00 ____________________________ 7-35 Figure 7.13.6-11—Bran + Luebbe Performance Graph Week of 10-02-00 ____________________________ 7-36 Figure 7.13.6-12—Bran + Luebbe Performance Graph Week of 10-09-00 ____________________________ 7-37 Figure 7.13.6-13—Bran + Luebbe Performance Graph Week of 10-16-00 ____________________________ 7-38 Figure 7.13.6-14—Bran + Luebbe Performance Graph Week of 10-23-00 ____________________________ 7-39 Figure 7.13.6-15—Bran + Luebbe Performance Graph Week of 10-30-00 ____________________________ 7-40 Chapter 8 —Danfoss Analytical Figure 8.13.1-1—Danfoss Signal-To-Noise Test for 08-08-00 ______________________________________ 8-16 Figure 8.13.1-2—Danfoss Signal-To-Noise Test for 08-10-00 ______________________________________ 8-17 Figure 8.13.1-3—Danfoss Signal-To-Noise Test for 10-30-00 ______________________________________ 8-18 Figure 8.13.3-1—Danfoss Conformance Variation Scattergraph ___________________________________ 8-20 Figure 8.13.4-1—Danfoss Variation from Conformance __________________________________________ 8-21 Figure 8.13.5-1—Danfoss Conformance Variation Histogram Entire Test Period ______________________ 8-22 Figure 8.13.6-1—Danfoss Performance Graph Entire Test Period __________________________________ 8-23 Figure 8.13.6-2—Danfoss Performance Graph Week of 07-31-00 __________________________________ 8-24 Figure 8.13.6-3—Danfoss Performance Graph Week of 08-07-00 __________________________________ 8-25



List of Figures xxv

Figure 8.13.6-4—Danfoss Performance Graph Week of 08-14-00 __________________________________ 8-26 Figure 8.13.6-5—Danfoss Performance Graph Week of 08-21-00 __________________________________ 8-27 Figure 8.13.6-6—Danfoss Performance Graph Week of 08-28-00 __________________________________ 8-28 Figure 8.13.6-7—Danfoss Performance Graph Week of 09-04-00 __________________________________ 8-29 Figure 8.13.6-8—Danfoss Performance Graph Week of 09-11-00 __________________________________ 8-30 Figure 8.13.6-9—Danfoss Performance Graph Week of 09-18-00 __________________________________ 8-31 Figure 8.13.6-10—Danfoss Performance Graph Week of 09-25-00__________________________________ 8-32 Figure 8.13.6-11—Danfoss Performance Graph Week of 10-02-00__________________________________ 8-33 Figure 8.13.6-12—Danfoss Performance Graph Week of 10-09-00__________________________________ 8-34 Figure 8.13.6-13—Danfoss Performance Graph Week of 10-16-00__________________________________ 8-35 Figure 8.13.6-14—Danfoss Performance Graph Week of 10-23-00__________________________________ 8-36 Figure 8.13.6-15—Danfoss Performance Graph Week of 10-30-00__________________________________ 8-37 Chapter 9 —FPM Analytical (A Division of ATMI) Figure 9.13.1-1—FPM Signal-To-Noise Test for 08-08-00 ________________________________________ 9-16 Figure 9.13.1-2—FPM Signal-To-Noise Test for 08-10-00 ________________________________________ 9-17 Figure 9.13.1-3—FPM Signal-To-Noise Test for 10-30-00 ________________________________________ 9-18 Figure 9.13.3-1—FPM Conformance Variation Scattergraph ______________________________________ 9-20 Figure 9.13.4-1—FPM Variation from Conformance ____________________________________________ 9-21 Figure 9.13.5-1—FPM Conformance Variation Histogram Entire Test Period_________________________ 9-22 Figure 9.13.6-1—FPM Performance Graph Entire Test Period ____________________________________ 9-23 Figure 9.13.6-2—FPM Performance Graph Week of 07-31-00 _____________________________________ 9-24 Figure 9.13.6-3—FPM Performance Graph Week of 08-07-00 _____________________________________ 9-25 Figure 9.13.6-4—FPM Performance Graph Week of 08-14-00 _____________________________________ 9-26 Figure 9.13.6-5—FPM Performance Graph Week of 08-21-00 _____________________________________ 9-27 Figure 9.13.6-6—FPM Performance Graph Week of 08-28-00 _____________________________________ 9-28 Figure 9.13.6-7—FPM Performance Graph Week of 09-04-00 _____________________________________ 9-29 Figure 9.13.6-8—FPM Performance Graph Week of 09-11-00 _____________________________________ 9-30 Figure 9.13.6-9—FPM Performance Graph Week of 09-18-00 _____________________________________ 9-31 Figure 9.13.6-10—FPM Performance Graph Week of 09-25-00 ____________________________________ 9-32 Figure 9.13.6-11—FPM Performance Graph Week of 10-02-00 ____________________________________ 9-33 Figure 9.13.6-12—FPM Performance Graph Week of 10-09-00 ____________________________________ 9-34 Figure 9.13.6-13—FPM Performance Graph Week of 10-16-00 ____________________________________ 9-35 Figure 9.13.6-14—FPM Performance Graph Week of 10-23-00 ____________________________________ 9-36 Figure 9.13.6-15—FPM Performance Graph Week of 10-30-00 ____________________________________ 9-37 Chapter 10 —Hach Company Figure 10.13.1-1—Hach Signal-To-Noise Test for 08-08-00 ______________________________________ 10-25 Figure 10.13.1-2—Hach Signal-To-Noise Test for 08-10-00 ______________________________________ 10-26 Figure 10.13.1-3—Hach Signal-To-Noise Test for 10-30-00 ______________________________________ 10-27 Figure 10.13.3-1—Hach Conformance Variation Scattergraph____________________________________ 10-29 Figure 10.13.4-1—Hach Variation from Conformance __________________________________________ 10-30 Figure 10.13.5-1—Hach Conformance Variation Histogram Entire Test Period ______________________ 10-31 Figure 10.13.6-1—Hach Performance Graph Entire Test Period __________________________________ 10-32 Figure 10.13.6-2—Hach Performance Graph Week of 07-31-00___________________________________ 10-33 Figure 10.13.6-3—Hach Performance Graph Week of 08-07-00___________________________________ 10-34 Figure 10.13.6-4—Hach Performance Graph Week of 08-14-00___________________________________ 10-35 Figure 10.13.6-5—Hach Performance Graph Week of 08-21-00___________________________________ 10-36 Figure 10.13.6-6—Hach Performance Graph Week of 08-28-00___________________________________ 10-37 Figure 10.13.6-7—Hach Performance Graph Week of 09-04-00___________________________________ 10-38 Figure 10.13.6-8—Hach Performance Graph Week of 09-11-00___________________________________ 10-39 Figure 10.13.6-9—Hach Performance Graph Week of 09-18-00___________________________________ 10-40 Figure 10.13.6-10—Hach Performance Graph Week of 09-25-00__________________________________ 10-41 Figure 10.13.6-11—Hach Performance Graph Week of 10-02-00__________________________________ 10-42



xxvi List of Figures

Figure 10.13.6-12—Hach Performance Graph Week of 10-09-00__________________________________ 10-43 Figure 10.13.6-13—Hach Performance Graph Week of 10-16-00__________________________________ 10-44 Figure 10.13.6-14—Hach Performance Graph Week of 10-23-00__________________________________ 10-45 Figure 10.13.6-15—Hach Performance Graph Week of 10-30-00__________________________________ 10-46 Chapter 11 —Waltron Ltd. Figure 11.0-1—Waltron Location of Components _______________________________________________ 11-1 Figure 11.2.1.6-1—Waltron Installation and Start-Up Diagram ____________________________________ 11-4 Figure 11.13.1-1—Waltron Signal-To-Noise Test for 08-08-00 ____________________________________ 11-15 Figure 11.13.1-2—Waltron Signal-To-Noise Test for 08-10-00 ____________________________________ 11-16 Figure 11.13.1-3—Waltron Signal-To-Noise Test for 10-30-00 ____________________________________ 11-17 Figure 11.13.3-1—Waltron Conformance Variation Scattergraph _________________________________ 11-19 Figure 11.13.4-1—Waltron Variation from Conformance ________________________________________ 11-20 Figure 11.13.5-1—Waltron Conformance Variation Histogram Entire Test Period ____________________ 11-21 Figure 11.13.6-1—Waltron Performance Graph Entire Test Period ________________________________ 11-22 Figure 11.13.6-2—Waltron Performance Graph Week of 07-31-00_________________________________ 11-23 Figure 11.13.6-3—Waltron Performance Graph Week of 08-07-00_________________________________ 11-24 Figure 11.13.6-4—Waltron Performance Graph Week of 08-14-00_________________________________ 11-25 Figure 11.13.6-5—Waltron Performance Graph Week of 08-21-00_________________________________ 11-26 Figure 11.13.6-6—Waltron Performance Graph Week of 08-28-00_________________________________ 11-27 Figure 11.13.6-7—Waltron Performance Graph Week of 09-04-00_________________________________ 11-28 Figure 11.13.6-8—Waltron Performance Graph Week of 09-11-00_________________________________ 11-29 Figure 11.13.6-9—Waltron Performance Graph Week of 09-18-00_________________________________ 11-30 Figure 11.13.6-10—Waltron Performance Graph Week of 09-25-00________________________________ 11-31 Figure 11.13.6-11—Waltron Performance Graph Week of 10-02-00________________________________ 11-32 Figure 11.13.6-12—Waltron Performance Graph Week of 10-09-00________________________________ 11-33 Figure 11.13.6-13—Waltron Performance Graph Week of 10-16-00________________________________ 11-34 Figure 11.13.6-14—Waltron Performance Graph Week of 10-23-00________________________________ 11-35 Figure 11.13.6-15—Waltron Performance Graph Week of 10-30-00________________________________ 11-36 Chapter 12 —WTW Measurement Systems, Inc. Figure 12.13.1-1—WTW Signal-To-Noise Test for 08-08-00 ______________________________________ 12-11 Figure 12.13.1-2—WTW Signal-To-Noise Test for 08-10-00 ______________________________________ 12-12 Figure 12.13.1-3—WTW Signal-To-Noise Test for 10-30-00 ______________________________________ 12-13 Figure 12.13.3-1—WTW Conformance Variation Scattergraph ___________________________________ 12-15 Figure 12.13.4-1—WTW Variation from Conformance __________________________________________ 12-16 Figure 12.13.5-1—WTW Conformance Variation Histogram Entire Test Period ______________________ 12-17 Figure 12.13.6-1—WTW Performance Graph Entire Test Period __________________________________ 12-18 Figure 12.13.6-2—WTW Performance Graph Week of 07-31-00___________________________________ 12-19 Figure 12.13.6-3—WTW Performance Graph Week of 08-07-00___________________________________ 12-20 Figure 12.13.6-4—WTW Performance Graph Week of 08-14-00___________________________________ 12-21 Figure 12.13.6-5—WTW Performance Graph Week of 08-21-00___________________________________ 12-22 Figure 12.13.6-6—WTW Performance Graph Week of 08-28-00___________________________________ 12-23 Figure 12.13.6-7—WTW Performance Graph Week of 09-04-00___________________________________ 12-24 Figure 12.13.6-8—WTW Performance Graph Week of 09-11-00___________________________________ 12-25 Figure 12.13.6-9—WTW Performance Graph Week of 09-18-00___________________________________ 12-26 Figure 12.13.6-10—WTW Performance Graph Week of 09-25-00__________________________________ 12-27 Figure 12.13.6-11—WTW Performance Graph Week of 10-02-00__________________________________ 12-28 Figure 12.13.6-12—WTW Performance Graph Week of 10-09-00__________________________________ 12-29 Figure 12.13.6-13—WTW Performance Graph Week of 10-16-00__________________________________ 12-30 Figure 12.13.6-14—WTW Performance Graph Week of 10-23-00__________________________________ 12-31 Figure 12.13.6-15—WTW Performance Graph Week of 10-30-00__________________________________ 12-32



List of Figures xxvii

Chapter 13 —Zellweger Analytics Figure 13.3.1-1—Zellweger Sampling Chamber ________________________________________________ 13-5 Figure 13.13.1-1—Zellweger Signal-To-Noise Test for 08-08-00 __________________________________ 13-20 Figure 13.13.1-2—Zellweger Signal-To-Noise Test for 08-10-00 __________________________________ 13-21 Figure 13.13.1-3—Zellweger Signal-To-Noise Test for 10-30-00 __________________________________ 13-22 Figure 13.13.3-1—Zellweger Conformance Variation Scattergraph ________________________________ 13-24 Figure 13.13.4-1—Zellweger Variation from Conformance_______________________________________ 13-25 Figure 13.13.5-1—Zellweger Conformance Variation Histogram Entire Test Period___________________ 13-26 Figure 13.13.6-1—Zellweger Performance Graph Entire Test Period_______________________________ 13-27 Figure 13.13.6-2—Zellweger Performance Graph Week of 07-31-00 _______________________________ 13-28 Figure 13.13.6-3—Zellweger Performance Graph Week of 08-07-00 _______________________________ 13-29 Figure 13.13.6-4—Zellweger Performance Graph Week of 08-14-00 _______________________________ 13-30 Figure 13.13.6-5—Zellweger Performance Graph Week of 08-21-00 _______________________________ 13-31 Figure 13.13.6-6—Zellweger Performance Graph Week of 08-28-00 _______________________________ 13-32 Figure 13.13.6-7—Zellweger Performance Graph Week of 09-04-00 _______________________________ 13-33 Figure 13.13.6-8—Zellweger Performance Graph Week of 09-11-00 _______________________________ 13-34 Figure 13.13.6-9—Zellweger Performance Graph Week of 09-18-00 _______________________________ 13-35 Figure 13.13.6-10—Zellweger Performance Graph Week of 09-25-00 ______________________________ 13-36 Figure 13.13.6-11—Zellweger Performance Graph Week of 10-02-00 ______________________________ 13-37 Figure 13.13.6-12—Zellweger Performance Graph Week of 10-09-00 ______________________________ 13-38 Figure 13.13.6-13—Zellweger Performance Graph Week of 10-16-00 ______________________________ 13-39 Figure 13.13.6-14—Zellweger Performance Graph Week of 10-23-00 ______________________________ 13-40 Figure 13.13.6-15—Zellweger Performance Graph Week of 10-30-00 ______________________________ 13-41 Chapter 13 —Zellweger Analytics Figure 13.3.1-1—Zellweger Sampling Chamber ________________________________________________ 13-5


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