a new statistical methodology for the evaluation of wine ... results (k.l. keller, 1993 - la cbbe:...

(Friday) 1th June, 2012

CVRD – Comissão de Vitivinicultura Regional do Dão

R. Dr. Aristides de Sousa Mendes, 3500-021 Viseu

Coimbra & Visieu – Portugal

VDQS 2012VDQS 2012Œnométrie XIX - Annual Conference Vineyard Data Quant ification Society

Vasco Boatto, Luigi Salmaso, Luca Rossetto, Luigino Barisan, Danièle A. Djumboung L., Giulia Deppieri

RESEARCH CENTER FOR THE VITICULTURE AND ENOLOGY (C.I.R.V.E.), CONEGLIANO CAMPUS – ITDEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT AND ENGINEERING, UNIVERSITY OF PADOVA (VICENZA)

DEPARTMENT OF LAND ENVIRONMENT, AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY, UNIVERSITY OF PADOVA (LEGNARO)

A New Statistical Methodology for the Evaluation of A New Statistical Methodology for the Evaluation of Wine Wine Information on the Export Markets of Some Italian WinesInformation on the Export Markets of Some Italian Wines

Overview

IntroductionPromotion of European wines abroadItalian contribution to the European Union export

MethodsSurvey sample

A New Statistical Methodology for the A New Statistical Methodology for the Evaluation of Wine Information on the Evaluation of Wine Information on the Export Markets of Some Italian WinesExport Markets of Some Italian Wines

Research Center for the Viticulture and Enology

C.I.R.V.E., Conegliano, ITALY

Survey sampleMethods used (NPC-TEST) Logistic Regression ( Keller model)

Results

Conclusions

Introduction

ASPECTS TO CONSIDER:

Reg. (EC) n. 479/08:

European Union has radically reorganized the way is the wine market managed

Promotion of European wines in Third Countries:

Importance of Public Relations business to strengthen the image and the value of wines on

international markets (Harris, T. L., 1998; Whalen, P. T., 2006)international markets (Harris, T. L., 1998; Whalen, P. T., 2006)

Role of ‘key publics’ in promoting the product image (Kotler, P., & Keller, K. L., 2006)

Research objects:1. Evaluation of the effectiveness about some of the most important Italian quality wines

(PDO wines) promotion businesses on some foreign markets

2. Spotting the considered key factor in conveying the Italian quality wines abroad in terms of

local specialty and costumer satisfaction

Italian wine qualities consumed abroad is associated to the excellent qualities of

mediterranean diet (ex. Healthiness, ecc.) � Report from Forum of leader

trademarcks – Spanish Institute for Foreign Commerce (ICEX), 2010

3. Defining explicative variables of the identified model




Methods used

NON PARAMETRIC COMBINATION (NPC):

1. The identified method is of a multi-layer and varied non-parametric type

which applies techniques of non-parametric combination

implementation (NPC) (Rosenbaum, 1995; Pesarin, 1990, 2001, 2002;

Corain and Salmaso, 2004)

Logistic regression (Backing technique to NPC-Test):Logistic regression (Backing technique to NPC-Test):

2. Spotting a useful model in the survey of explicative variables effects on

Italian PDO wines' quality (Akaike, 1974; Hosmer et al., 1989)

3. Interpreting results (K.L. Keller, 1993 - La CBBE: customer-based brand

equity):

Differential effect, applied to the costumer's response, in terms of

added value of elements that determine the Italian PDO wines'

quality (es. Key publics)




NPC Test: formalization of the problem

TWO-PHAS

5

SE

ALGORITHM

The NPC method offer an innovative, flexible and well tested approach for analysisof multivariate hypothesis when we are dealing with complex problems

This test handle which any type of variables (Rosenbaum, 1995; Pesarin, 1990,2001, 2002; Salmaso e Corain, 2004)

The multivariate permutation approach for hypothesis testing by NonParametric

Methods used

NON PARAMETRIC COMBINATION (NPC):

The multivariate permutation approach for hypothesis testing by NonParametricCombination (NPC) offers the following advantages:

� No need to specify the

dependence structure

among variables

� Exact solutions

�Powerful tests

�Treatment of missing

values

�It also deals with:

* Stratification

* Multivariate

categorical

variables

�It handles with:

* Mixed

variables

* Multivariate

restricted

alternatives




RESONANCERESONANCE

The CBBE Model(Customer–based brand equity)

CONCEPT

(PYRAMID)SUB DIMENSIONS ITALIAN PDO WINES

(VARIABLES - ABBREVIATION)

Resonance LoyaltyAttachment & Community

Engagement

Which PDO is good qualityWhich PDO do you knowWhich PDO do you tasteWhich PDO do you purchase

LKLKLKLK

Feelings Why do you buy them LK

Judgements Quality & credibilityConsideration & superiority

Wine enjoyableWine opinion to friend

TCTC

Imagenery User Profile

Purchase and Usages situations

GenderAgeLevel of educationsWork sectorKind of drinkerWhere do you buyHow frequently do you buy

TCTCTCTCTCLKLK

PERFORMANCEIMAGE

JUDGEMENTSFEELINGS

SALIENCE

PERFORMANCEIMAGE

JUDGEMENTSFEELINGS

SALIENCE

Source: Keller K. L.,1993

Personality and ValueHistory & Experiences

How frequently do you buyWhat time of dayWho drinksRate your KnowledgeInformed previously

LKLKLKLKLK

Performance Quality Wine colourWine fragranceWine taste Wine label

TCTCTCTC

Salience AwarenessVisibility

How first hearHow rate level of visibility

LKLK

A New Statistical Methodology for the Evaluation of Wine Information on the Export Markets of Some Italian Wines



Research outline

SURVEY SAMPLE:

TownsVilniusTallinnRiga

LeidaRotterdam

TownsVilniusTallinnRiga

LeidaRotterdam

The survey panelOperators in the agricultural-food industry (caterers, wholesalers,

importers , wine experts, managers, and experts in the wine sector, etc) Operators of the press (journalists, editors, etc..)

Communication actions abroad (Public Relations) Press Conference (presentation of CMO Reform of the wine sector - Rotterdam

Amsterdam

AnversaLiegiBruxelles

RotterdamAmsterdam

AnversaLiegiBruxelles

Towns:BostonMiamiNew YorkChicago

Tokyo

Towns:BostonMiamiNew YorkChicago

Tokyo

Press Conference (presentation of CMO Reform of the wine sector -Regulation EC No. 479/08) Wine Tasting (wine tasting tours) Tasting Course (seminars, information and communication) Level of knowledge (consumer survey)

The countries 'target' (in Key Publics) European Union (Belgium, Netherlands, Baltic States) Third Countries (USA, Japan)

TimingNovember 2009 – January 2012




Survey sample

COUNTRIES:

European Union: NumberBaltic

RepublicsHolland Belgium

Total

Percentage (%)

1) Press conference 706 47.6% 30.0% 22.4% 100.0%

2) Tasting Course 327 40.4% 25.4% 34.3% 100.0%

3) Wine Tasting 767 41.1% 32.5% 26.5% 100.0%

EuropeanUnion

Percentage (%)

65.6%

48.4%

45.8%

9

ThirdCountries

Percentage (%)

34.4%

51.6%

54.2%

52.3%

47.7%

3,578

3) Wine Tasting 767 41.1% 32.5% 26.5% 100.0%

4) Level of knowledge Italian P.D.O. 72 73.6% 26.4% 0.0% 100.0%

Total 1,872 44.7% 30.1% 25.3% 100.0%

45.8%

47.7%

52.3%

Third Countries: Number Usa Japan Total

Percentage (%)

1) Press conference 370 81.1% 18.9% 100.0%

2) Tasting Course 349 72.5% 27.5% 100.0%

3) Wine Tasting 908 78.6% 21.4% 100.0%

4) Level of knowledge Italian P.D.O. 79 78.5% 21.5% 100.0%

Total 1,706 77.9% 22.1% 100.0%

Number of questionnaires collected: Baltic Republics: Latvia, Lithuania, EstoniaA New Statistical Methodology for the A New Statistical Methodology for the Evaluation of Wine Information on the Evaluation of Wine Information on the Export Markets of Some Italian WinesExport Markets of Some Italian Wines



Role of export in the countries of the survey

COUNTRY:RankingIn Value

Market Share (%)

ValueMIL. €2011

RankingIn Volume

Market Share(%)

Volume .000 HECTOLITRE

2011

United States 1° 24.1 825.45 3° 19.4 2,525.7

ITALIA, Year 2011 – (<= 2 litres)

Holland 7° 3.0 101.31 5° 3.3 432.7

Japan 8° 2.8 96.99 9° 2.4 314.3

Belgium 11° 1.8 61.30 11° 2.0 263.5

Lithuania 29° 0.2 6.88 24° 0.3 376.3

Latvia 33° 0.1 4.61 33° 0.1 180.2

Estonia 34° 0.1 4.58 34° 0.1 168.9

Total 3,428 13,031

Source: C.I.R.V.E. on data Global Trade Atlas, 2011

32.1% 27.6%

10




Export in value: 4,77 billion US$ (2°)

Export in volume: 13,03 mil. Hectolitres (1°)

Average Price: 3,66 US$/L

Value Volume

0,00

1,00

2,00

3,00

4,00

5,00

6,00

7,00

8,00

19

97

19

98

19

99

20

00

20

01

20

02

20

03

20

04

20

05

20

06

20

07

20

08

20

09

20

10

20

11

Australia

Chile

France

Italy

Spain

Unit Value

Italy - 2011

Role of export

Quality Wines (PDO Wines) – (<= 2 litres)

GROWTH %

2011 ON 1997GROWTH %

2011 ON 1997Value Volume

0,00

1,00

2,00

3,00

4,00

5,00

6,00

7,00

19

97

19

98

19

99

20

00

20

01

20

02

20

03

20

04

20

05

20

06

20

07

20

08

20

09

20

10

20

11

France

Italy

Spain

Australia

Chile

0

2 000

4 000

6 000

8 000

10 000

12 000

14 000

19

97

19

98

19

99

20

00

20

01

20

02

20

03

20

04

20

05

20

06

20

07

20

08

20

09

20

10

20

11

Italy

France

Spain

Chile

Australia

Source: C.I.R.V.E. on data Global Trade Atlas, 1997-2011

2011 ON 1997

+201.9%2011 ON 1997

+96.1%

United States - 2011

Import in value: 930 million € (1°)

Import in volume: 2,437 migl. Hectolitres (1°)

Average price: 3,82 Euros /L

Imports

Value Volume

Quality Wines (PDO Wines) – (<= 2 litres)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

19

97

19

98

19

99

20

00

20

01

20

02

20

03

20

04

20

05

20

06

20

07

20

08

20

09

20

10

20

11

mil

lio

n E

uro

s

0

500

1 000

1 500

2 000

2 500

3 000

19

97

19

98

19

99

20

00

20

01

20

02

20

03

20

04

20

05

20

06

20

07

20

08

20

09

20

10

20

11

.00

0 H

L

Value Volume


Netherlands - 2011

Import in value: 74.1 million € (3°)

Import in volume: 268.1 migl. Hectolitres (4°)

Average price: 2.78 Euros /L

Value Volume

ImportsQuality Wines (PDO Wines) – (<= 2 litres)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

19

97

19

98

19

99

20

00

20

01

20

02

20

03

20

04

20

05

20

06

20

07

20

08

20

09

20

10

20

11

.00

0 H

L

0,0

10,0

20,0

30,0

40,0

50,0

60,0

70,0

80,0

90,0

19

97

19

98

19

99

20

00

20

01

20

02

20

03

20

04

20

05

20

06

20

07

20

08

20

09

20

10

20

11

mil

lio

n E

uro

s

Value Volume


Japan - 2011

Import in value: 141.6 million US$ (2°)


Average price: 4,99 US$ /L

Value Volume


0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

19

97

19

98

19

99

20

00

20

01

20

02

20

03

20

04

20

05

20

06

20

07

20

08

20

09

20

10

20

11

.00

0 H

L

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

19

97

19

98

19

99

20

00

20

01

20

02

20

03

20

04

20

05

20

06

20

07

20

08

20

09

20

10

20

11

mil

lio

n U

S$

Value Volume


Belgium - 2011



Average price: 2,62 Euros /L

Value Volume


0

50

100

150

200

250

19

99

20

00

20

01

20

02

20

03

20

04

20

05

20

06

20

07

20

08

20

09

20

10

20

11

.00

0 H

L

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

19

99

20

00

20

01

20

02

20

03

20

04

20

05

20

06

20

07

20

08

20

09

20

10

20

11

mil

ion

i E

uro

Mil

lio

ns

Value Volume


Lithuania - 2011

Import in value: 22,4 million US$ (3°)

Import in volume: 95,4 migl. Hectolitres (3°)

Average price: 2.34 US$/L

Value Volume


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

19

99

20

00

20

01

20

02

20

03

20

04

20

05

20

06

20

07

20

08

20

09

20

10

20

11

.00

0 H

L

.00

0 h

ll

0

5

10

15

20

25

19

99

20

00

20

01

20

02

20

03

20

04

20

05

20

06

20

07

20

08

20

09

20

10

20

11

mil

lio

n U

S$

Value Volume


Latvia - 2011



Average price: 3,74 US$/L

Value Volume


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

19

99

20

00

20

01

20

02

20

03

20

04

20

05

20

06

20

07

20

08

20

09

20

10

20

11

.00

0 H

L

0,0

2,0

4,0

6,0

8,0

10,0

12,0

14,0

16,0

18,0

20,0

19

99

20

00

20

01

20

02

20

03

20

04

20

05

20

06

20

07

20

08

20

09

20

10

20

11

Mil

lio

n E

uro

s

Value Volume


Estonia - 2011

Import in value: 8.3 million US$ (1°)

Import in volume: 18,7 Migl. Hectolitres (2°)

Average price: 4.44 US$/L

Value Volume


0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

19

99

20

00

20

01

20

02

20

03

20

04

20

05

20

06

20

07

20

08

20

09

20

10

20

11

.00

0 H

L

0,0

1,0

2,0

3,0

4,0

5,0

6,0

7,0

8,0

9,0

19

99

20

00

20

01

20

02

20

03

20

04

20

05

20

06

20

07

20

08

20

09

20

10

20

11

mil

llio

n U

S$

Value Volume


Results – NPC TestPRESS CONFERENCE, all countries

CONFERENCE FEATURE CATEGORY TOTAL

Suitability of room Not at all Not very More or less Fairly Very

% 1.03% 3.18% 15.81% 40.97% 39.01% 100%

Suitability of equipment Not at all Not very More or less Fairly Very

% 0.09% 1.59% 12.28% 48.83% 37.21% 100%

Utility of information Material Not at all Not very Average Fairly Very




Utility of information Material Not at all Not very Average Fairly Very

% 0.28% 1.60% 10.24% 46.62% 41.26% 100%

Suitability of issues addresses Not at all Not very More or less Fairly Very

% 0.38% 1.04% 13.80% 50.95% 33.84% 100%

Suitability of the time of day Not at all Not very Average Fairly Very

% 0.19% 2.18% 14.76% 48.63% 34.25% 100%

Schedule reliability Not at all Not much More or less mainly

Complet

ely

% 0.57% 2.64% 14.62% 49.34% 32.83% 100%

Level of interest

Non-

existent Low Average High

Very

high

% 0.09% 2.81% 11.70% 51.50% 33.90% 100%

Exhaustively of the press

conference Not at all Not very More or less Fairly

Complet

ely

% 0.67% 1.92% 10.09% 47.74% 39.58% 100%

Results – NPC Test

Comparisons EU vs Third All nations EU countries Thrid countries Some cities* User profile Gender 0.003 0.026 NS NS NS

Age NS 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001

Level of education NS NS 0.025 0.0025 0.056

Work sector 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001

Organisation of Wine tasting

Room NS 0.001 0.004 0.001 0.001

Equipment required NS 0.003 NS 0.001 0.001

Useful information material NS 0.001 NS 0.001 0.001

WINE TASTING TO COMPARISONS

*Amsterdam,

Boston,

Brussels,

Chicago,

Miami,

New York,

Rotterdam,

Tokyo

Useful information material NS 0.001 NS 0.001 0.001

Issue addressed NS 0.001 0.004 0.001 0.001

Time of day NS 0.004 0.002 NS 0.018

Programm run to schedule 0.002 0.001 0.009 0.001 0.001

Generality IT-DO

Level of Interest NS 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.002

Current life cycle status 0.002 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001

Quality IT-DO Colour 0.001 0.001 0.005 0.049 0.001

Fragrance 0.001 0.001 0.012 0.025 0.001

Taste NS 0.001 0.008 0.001 0.001

Enjoyability 0.001 0.001 NS 0.01 0.001

Visibility IT-DO Grafic label 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001

Visibility 0.001 0.001 0.001 NS 0.001

Purchase IT-DO Purchase 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.029 0.001

Consideration and superiority

IT-DO

Opinion 0.001 0.001 NS NS 0.001

Combinated- test

0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001

Results – Logistic Model

ESTIMATION RESULTS FOR ’’enjoyable of Italian PDO wines’’

PARAMETER ESTEEMED

COEFFICIENT

ODDS

RATIO

STANDARD ERROR TEST Z

(OBSERVED

VALUE)

Intercetta -1.1851 0.3249 -3.648***

Kind of wine drinker (2) -0.7548 0.4701 0.3171 -2.380*Kind of wine drinker (2) -0.7548 0.4701 0.3171 -2.380*

Kind of wine drinker (3) -0.9980 0.3686 -0.2926 -3.411***

Fragrance IT-PDO (1) 0.9293 2.5327 0.2865 3.244**

Label IT-PDO (1) 1.7451 5.7265 0.2760 6.322***

Visibility IT-PDO (1) 0.6408 1.8980 0.2690 2.382*

Opinion IT-PDO (1) 1.2835 3.6093 0.2852 4.501***

Dependent variable: ‘’enjoyable of Italian PDO”

Legenda per la significatività dei pvalue: 0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1




PARAMETER ESTEEMED

COEFFICIENT

ODDS

RATIO

STANDARD ERROR TEST Z

(OBSERVED

VALUE)

Intercept -4.1889 0.0152 0.7037 -5.953***

Know IT-PDO 1.5103 4.5281 0.5394 2.800**

Results – Logistic Model

ESTIMATION RESULTS FOR ’’consideration of good quality’’

Know IT-PDO 1.5103 4.5281 0.5394 2.800**

Family, friends 1.8091 6.1050 0.5872 3.081**

Sector magazines 1.7209 5.5896 0.6336 2.716**

Other channel 1.7688 5.8638 0.6737 2.626**

Red wines: 2-3 times a month 2.7229 15.2244 0.8306 3.278**

White wines: Once a month 1.2820 3.6038 0.5702 2.248*

Sparkling wines: Once a month 1.6637 5.2788 0.6312 2.636*

Dependent variable: ‘”Quality’’

Legenda per la significatività dei pvalue: 0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1




Concept Sub dimensions Italian PDO WinesEU vs TERZI

(Pyramid) (Variables) bilateral Unilateral (>) Unilateral (<)

Salience Awareness How first hear 0.001 0.001 NS

Visibility How rate level of visibility 0.001 0.001 NS

Performance Quality Wine colour 0.002 0.001 NS

Wine fragrance NS

European Union Vs. Third Countries (1)

Results – Keller’s Model




Wine fragrance NS

Wine taste NS

Wine label 0.003 0.044 NS

Imagenery User profile Gender NS

Age 0.001 0.001 NS

Level of education NS

Work sector 0.010 0.006

Kind of drinker NS

Purchase and Usages situations Where do you buy NS

How frequently do you buy NS

What time of day NS

Personality and Value Who drinks NS

History and Experiences Rate your knowledge NS

Informed previously NS

Concept Sub dimensions Italian PDO Wines EU vs TERZI

(Pyramid) (Variables) bilateral Unilateral (>) Unilateral (<)

Judgements Quality and credibility Wine enjoyable 0.003 0.002 NS

Consideration and superiority Wine opinion to friend 0.010 0.013 NS

Feelings Why do you buy them 0.005 NS 0.003

Resonance Loyalty Which PDO is good quality 0.009 NS NS

European Union Vs. Third Countries (2)

Results – Keller’ Model




Resonance Loyalty Which PDO is good quality 0.009 NS NS

Attachment and Community Which PDO do you know NS

Which PDO do you taste 0.002 0.002 NS

Engagement Which PDO do you purchase 0.013 0.005 NS

F

ED

CB

A

D.

JUDGEMENTS

1. Quality & Credibility

Enjoyability

EU Third Countries

2. Consideration & SuperiorityOpinion

EU Third Countries

1% 6%

17%

44%

32%

0% 4%

18%

47%

31%

2%2%

11%

46%

39%

0% 4%8%

51%

37%

Results – Keller’s Model

F.

RESONANCE

2. Attachment &

CommunityTastedSignificance:

11 out of 21 Italian regions

3. Engagement

PurchasedSignificance:


1. Loyalty

Good quality Significance:


E.

FEELINGS

Reasons to buy ITDO wines

Significance:

4 out of 9 features of ITDO wines

- Suitable to food

- Healthy

- Trendy

- Advert

Not at all Not very Average

Farly Very

Very bad Poor Average

Good Excellent

A

B.

PERFORMANCE

A.

SALIENCE

2. Visibility - Visibility ITDO

EU Third Countries

1% 3%

21%

43%

32%

1%13%

24%

40%

22%Very bad

Poor

Average

Good

Excellent

1. Quality - Colour ITDO

EU Third Countries

Label ITDO

EU Third Countries

1%4%

10%

39%

0% 5%

22%27%

0% 4%

23%28%

F

ED

CB

A

1. Awareness - First hear ITPDO

Significance:

5 out of 12 channels

- Family, friends

- General magazines

- Trips to Italy

- Events, exhibitions

- Tastings

0%5%

13%32%

PERFORMANCE

C.

IMAGERY

46%

Very bad Unsatisfactory Average Good Excellent

46% 45%

1. User Profile – Age Group

EU Third Countries

6%

32%

36%

21%

5%

Work Sector

EU Third Countries

10%

14%

20%

11%

45%

Distribution Communications Sales Purchasing Catering

10%

22%

21%14%

33%

50%

Very bad Poor Average Good Excellent

1%

23%

46%

27%

3%

< 18 18 - 30 31 - 50 51 - 70 > 70

Conclusions

Good performance of communications strategies for Italian PDO wines onforeign markets, associated to better performance in UE Countries comparing toThird Countries

Importance of the quality leverage in promoting Italian quality wines abroad

The survey results are confirmed considerable with the expected approach byKeller model (1993), which was referred to Italian wine's value in terms of localKeller model (1993), which was referred to Italian wine's value in terms of localspecialty, as an element of mediterranean diet, and of costumer's satisfaction(Forum Leader Brands – I.C.E.X., 2010)

Synergistic effect of Italian regional wines in promoting the quality of 'made inItaly' wines on international markets (i.e. varietal differentiation, PDOdifferentiation, etc.)

Positive effect of the wine tasting experience on recognizing the highest qualityto the costumer (wine is an experience good)

Positive effect of shelve visibility and label attractiveness in transmitting a highqualitative identity to Italian wines




Conclusions

The importance of promotion strategies for national regional wines is broughtout, turned to strengthen the knowledge of Italian PDO wines, among sometarget channels (ex. families; specialized sectorial magazines)

It is possible to suggest that the formation process for a quality concept (“learning

by drinking”) might be encouraged not just by a high purchasing frequency twice or

thrice per week (red wines), but also an average frequency, once per mounth (white




thrice per week (red wines), but also an average frequency, once per mounth (white

wines) or every 6 mounths (sparkling wines)

Strengthening of the role played by the quality of the wine products ‘Made inItaly’ appears especially strategically important and acknowledged by the 76% ofthe participants in Third Countries and by the 95% of the interviews in EuropeanUnion

Implementation of financial interventions started by the EU in the field ofinformation and promotion of wines, to strengthen the role of European wineoperators in Third Countries

UNIVERSITY OF PADOVA

VDQS 2012Œnométrie XIX - Annual Conference Vineyard Data Quant ification Society

Via XXVIII Aprile, 14 - 31015 Conegliano (Treviso) - ITALY

Phone: +39 0438 450 475

Fax: +39 0438 453 736

[email protected]

http://www.scuolaenologica.unipd.it

RESEARCH CENTER FOR THE VITICULTURE AND OENOLOGY (C.I.R.V.E.) CONEGLIANO

DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT AND ENGINEERING, UNIVERSITY OF PADOVA (VICENZA) DEPARTMENT OF LAND ENVIRONMENT, AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY, UNIVERSITY OF PADOVA (AGRIPOLIS)

a new statistical methodology for the evaluation of wine ... results (k.l. keller, 1993 - la cbbe:...

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