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A New method of Thumb print based design of Electronic

Voting Machine

Vemula Venkatesh #1, MD Khaja Mohinoddin #2, P. Ravinder#3, Ramesh Kumar#4, R. Surender Rajan#5

M-Tech Students of Jagruthi Institute of Engineering and Technology, T.S, India*1.*2,*3

Professor of Department ECE, Jagruthi Institute of Engineering and Technology, T.S, India*4.

Associated Professor of Head of Department ECE, Jagruthi Institute of Engineering and

Technology, T.S, India*5.

Abstract

In this paper we propose a completely automated E- voting system. Authentication is the

bigger concern at the time of voting. Recognizing the need of authentication, we developed an automated system with user friendly access using finger print sensor module. The sensor is a

solid-state fingerprint sensor that reliably captures fingerprint information and was designed to

integrate into devices for improved authentication and convenience. It provides a reliable, quick and user-friendly alternative to passwords and even for PIN's and other forms of user

authentication. We make use of this device to construct an E-voting machine. Whenever a person

puts his finger over the finger print module, if that is authenticated, the system will ask him to

select the respective contestant. After that is done, his vote will be counted. When a person has casted his vote, the corresponding officer presses a button confirming that the particular finger

print has casted the vote. So in case if the same person tries to caste again, it will not allow that.

The number of votes each contestant got is displayed on PC.

Index terms: Finger print system, LCD, selection buttons.

I. INTRODUCTION:

Biometrics refers to metrics related to

human characteristics and traits.

Biometrics authentication is used in

computer science as a form of

identification and access control. It is

also used to identify individuals in

groups that are under surveillance.

Biometric identifiers are very distinctive,

and also have measurable characteristics

that are used to label and describe every

biometric individual. Biometric

identifiers are divided or categorized as

physiological versus behavioral

characteristics. The Physiological

characteristics are mostly related to the

shape of the body like examples palm

veins, face recognition, DNA, palm

print, hand geometry, iris recognition,

retina and odour/scent include, but are

not limited to fingerprint. The second

category is Behavioral characteristics

which are completely related to the

pattern of behavior of a person, gait, and

voice including but not limited to typing

rhythm. Some other researchers have

coined a term as behaviometrics which

describes the latter class of biometrics.

In past or earlier days more traditional

means of security access control were

used. These systems include token-based

identification systems, such as a driver's

license or passport, or any kind of

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knowledge-based identification systems,

such as a password or any personal

identification number. Subsequent

biometric identifiers are unique to

differentiate the individuals so the

identification process is simpler and

easier, than compared to prior methods.

They are more reliable in verifying

identity than token and knowledge-based

appropriate barely methods. Although,

these features of collection of biometric

identifiers may raise privacy concerns

about the ultimate use of this

information

Finger print identification or

corroboration device has been used most

popularly among all the identification

devices by cause of its ease in

acquisition, and also in view of

availability of numerous sources for its

data collection. The basics of this

identification process comes from

“Galton points” – a certain

characteristics defined by Sir Francis

Galton.

II. RELATED WORK:

A method of voting system or electoral

system is a defined as, by which voters

can make a choice between options,

often in an election. The voting system

accomplishes the rules to ensure valid

voting, and also how votes are counted

and to aggregate the final result. Most

common voting systems are based on the

majority rule, a proportional

representation voting with a number of

variations and methods such as first-

past-the-post or preferential voting. The

study of conventionally defined voting

systems which is named as social choice

theory or voting theory, consists of a

subfield with political science,

economics, or mathematics.

In the Proposed system we used Finger

print sensor which is a solid-state

fingerprint sensor that reliably captures

the fingerprint information. It is

designed to incorporate for different

devices to provide an improved

authentication and also for the purpose

of convenience. This sensor module

provides a reliable, quick and user-

friendly alternative to passwords, along

with PIN's and other forms of user

authentication details.

Aforementioned identification process

using finger print will change slightly

between different products and systems.

These Standard systems are comprised

of a sensor for scanning a fingerprint and

a processor which stores the fingerprint

database and software which compares

and also matches the fingerprint to the

predefined database. Within the

database, a fingerprint is consistently

matched to a reference number, or any

PIN number which is then again

matched to a person's name or account.

The primary information about

fingerprint is that, it is unique for each

and every person. O it is for even a twin

brother will not have the same

fingerprints. Hence each fingerprint is

used to store a unique identifiable piece

of data base or any information. The

uniqueness in each fingerprint is due to

the peculiar genetic code of DNA which

is present in every person. This code

causes the formation of a different

pattern of our fingerprints.

A single fingerprint consists of

ridges and valleys. These ridges and

valleys both together provide friction for

the skin. The primary identification of

the skin is based upon the minutiae,

which absolutely is the location and

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direction of the ridge endings and splits

along a ridge path.

Fig.1 Finger print image

The other characteristics of the

finger print are shown in the above

image. These characteristics may also

helpful during the process of minutiae

for extraction. The unique information

used for the identification process also

includes the flow of the friction ridges,

the sequence and the presence/absence

of the individual friction ridge path

features.

II. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY:

In this paper we are presented a

biometric finger print based voting

system. We make use of this device to

construct voting machine. Whenever a

person puts his finger over the finger

print module, if that is authenticated, the

system will ask him to select the

respective contestant. After that is done,

his vote will be counted. When a person

has casted his vote, the corresponding

officer presses a button confirming that

the particular finger print has casted the

vote. So in case if the same person tries

to caste again, it will not allow that. The

number of votes each contestant got is

displayed on LCD.

The present system uses an

onboard mini computer named as PIC

microcontroller which consists of

number of input and output ports. The

input and output port of the micro

controller are interfaced with different

input and output modules depending on

the requirements. The current system

uses finger print module, selection

buttons as input to the microcontroller

and the LCD and buzzer as output

modules. In other words micro controller

acts as a communication medium for all

the modules involved in the project. The

system also performs an health check

indication of microcontroller using LED

indicators.

The device also consists of LCD

which displays the required information

and also alerts the user when any wrong

finger authentication was detected suing

buzzer alarm.

Finger print based Voting Machine

PIC

Micro

controller

Finger

print

module

Buzzer

DriverBuzzer

LED

Indicators

Crystal

Oscillator

Reset

Button

Control

Buttons

LCD

DriverLCD

Filter

O/P

5V

DC

I/O

230V

Transformer Rectifier Regulator

Regulated power supply

Fig 2.Block diagram of finger print based

voting system

a. Fingerprint:

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The present system uses finger

print module and the Fingerprint

processing includes two parts:

fingerprint enrollment and fingerprint

matching (the matching can be 1:1 or

1:N).When enrolling, the finger print

the user needs to enter the finger

twice. The system will process the

twice given finger images, and

generates a template of the finger based

on processing results. And this template

is stored. When matching, any finger

prints the user enters the finger through

optical sensor and system will generate

a template of the finger and compare it

with templates of the fingers stored in

library. For 1:1 matching, system will

compare the live finger with specific

template designated in the Module; for

1: N matching, or searching, system

will search the whole finger

library for the matching finger. In

both circumstances, the system will

provide the results of matching

either success or failure.

Fig.3. Finger print module

b. Microcontroller

The microcontroller used in

the proposed system is PIC which stands

for Peripheral Interface Controller given

by Microchip Technology to identify its

single-chip microcontrollers. PIC

microcontrollers are very successful in

8-bit microcontrollers. This project

makes use of an onboard mini computer,

which is usually termed as micro

controller. It acts as heart of the project.

This onboard computer can efficiently

communicate with the output and input

modules which are being used. The

controller contains some internal

memory to store the program code. This

memory is also used to dump some set

of assembly instructions into the

controller and these help for the

functioning of the controller.

The crystal oscillator speed that

can be connected to the PIC

microcontroller ranges from up to

20Mhz. Using the CCS C compiler

usually 20Mhz oscillator will be used.

The cost of the microcontroller is also

very cheaper. The 20 MHz crystal

oscillator should be connected with

about 22pF capacitor. There are 5

input/output ports on PIC

microcontroller namely port A port B

port C port D and port E. Every single

port has different based functionality.

Most of them can be used as general I/O

ports. The microcontroller uses Harvard

architecture which separates both

Program and Variable (data) memory

interface. This facilitates fetching of an

instruction and the operation on

data/accessing of variables

simultaneously.

Fig4. Microcontroller

c. LCD Display module:

One of the most common devices

attached to a micro controller is an LCD

display. A liquid crystal display is

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special thin flat panels that can let light

go through it, or can block the light.

Some of the most common LCD’s

connected to the many microcontrollers

are 16x2 and 20x2 LCD displays. It

means that 16 characters per line by 2

lines were displayed and 20 characters

per line by 2 lines were displayed,

respectively. Liquid crystal displays are

usually abbreviated as LCD’s. These

displays are often used in battery-

powered devices, such as digital

watches, since they require very

little amount of electricity consumption.

Fig.5. LCD module

c. Buzzer

The paper related to finger based voting

system uses a buzzer module for audible

alerts when any wrong finger print was

detected. The buzzer or beeper is an

audio based signaling device. It is

mainly designed as mechanical,

electromechanical, or piezoelectric.

There are many typical uses of buzzers

and beepers which include alarm

devices, timers and also based on

confirmation of user inputs such as a

mouse click or keystroke.

Fig.6. Buzzer

IV CONCLUSION:

The existing voting system is an

Integrating feature of all the hardware

components been used and developed in

it. The Presence of each and every

module has been reasoned out and

placed very carefully. Hence the

contributing to the best working unit for

a secured voting system has been

designed perfectly. Secondly, using

highly advanced IC’s like finger print

module, biometric technology with the

help of growing technology, the project

has been successfully implemented with

a unique idea. Thus the project has been

successfully designed and tested.

The project “Finger

print based Voting Machine” was

designed to construct an automated

voting machine using a finger print

module and push buttons. The finger

print module captures fingerprint

information through which the user can

be identified and his vote will be taken

into account. The required information

was displayed on LCD.

This project can be extended using a

GSM module and 3G technology. GSM

intimates the bank authorities and the

owner of the locker if the password is

entered wrongly for 3 times

continuously and 3G technology is used

to have a photograph of the person who

entered wrong password, which helps a

lot in security issues

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