MINOR PROJECT

ON

BICYCLE ELECTRICITY

GENERATION

INTRODUCTION:-

Bicycle is the main mode of transportation for many Indian villagers. Most of these villages are un-electrified. Power generated by pedaling can be converted from mechanical to electrical energy by using either dynamo or alternator.

Small Powered lighting devices can be charged using dynamo and can be used in the night by students for study purposes. This principle can be extended to power mobiles, iPods, laptops etc. Power can be also generated from the rotation of the wheels of alternator vehicles like bikes and cars, where there is a possibility of generating more power. The generated power can be either used in the same vehicle or can be stored in a battery for powering some other devices. Riding bicycle helps in maintaining a good physic and along with it power can be also Generated.

This paper presents methods in generating electricity by pedaling a bicycle. It also explains in detail the method using bottle dynamotor generate power. A detailed analysis of using pedal power is also presented.

THEORY:-

1. Faraday’s Law

Faraday take a magnet and a coil and connect agalvanometer across the coil. At starting the magnet is at therest , so there is no deflection on galvanometer. i.e. the needleof galvanometer remain at center or zero position.

When the magnet is moved towards the coil, the needle ofgalvanometer shows deflection. When it is held stationary, theneedle of the galvanometer comes back to the center position.Now, the magnet is moved away from the coil, thegalvanometer shows deflection but in the opposite direction.

Any change in the magnetic field of a coil of wire will cause anemf to be introduced in the coil. This emf introduced is calledinduced emf and if the conductor circuit is closed, the currentwill also circulate through the circuit and this current is calledinduced current.

Position of Magnet Deflection in

Galvanometer

Magnet at rest No deflection in

Galvanometer

Magnet moves toward the coil Deflection in

galvanometer in one

Direction

Magnet is held stationary at No deflection in

galvanometer Same point

Michael Faraday formulated two laws on the basis of the above

experiments. These

two laws are called Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic

induction.

FARADAY’S FIRST LAW,

Any change in the magnetic field of a coil of wire will cause an emf to be introduced in the coil. This emfintroduced is called induced emf and if the conductor circuit is closed, the current will also circulate through the circuit and this current is called induced current.

Method to change magnetic field:-

By moving a magnet toward or away from the coil.

By moving the coil into or out of the magnetic field.

By changing the area of the coil placed in magnetic field.

By rotating the coil relative to the magnet.

FARADAY’S SECOND LAW,

The magnitude of the emf induced in the coil is equal to the rate of change of the flux that linkages with the coil. The flux linkage with the coil is the product of number of turns in the coil and flux associated with the coil.

Considering Lenz’s law,

E=-Ndφ

dt

Where flux φ in Wb=B.A

B=Magnetic field strength,

A=Area of the coil

HOW TO INCREASE EMF INDUCED IN THE COIL:-

By increasing the no. of the turns of the coil. i.e. N-fromthe formulae derived above it is easily seen that if no. ofturns of the coil is increased , the emf induced is alsoincreased.

By increasing the magnetic field strength. i.e. B-surrounding the coil-mathatically if the magnetic fieldincreases, the flux increases and if flux increases emfinduced will also increased. So, if the coil is passedthrough a strong magnetic field, there will be more lineof force of coil to cut and hence there will be more emfproduced.

By increase the speed of the relative motion betweenthe coil and the magnet-if the relative speed betweenthe magnet and coil is increased from the previousvalue, the coil will cut the line of the flux at a faster rate,so more induced emf would be produced.

APPLICATION OF FARADAY LAW

It is one of the most basic and important law of theelectromagnetism. This law finds its application in most of theelectric machines, industries and medical field etc.

Electrical transformer

It is a static AC device which is used to either step up or stepdown the voltage or current. It is used in the generatingstation, transmission and distribution system. The transformwork on the Faraday law.

Electrical generators

The basic working of the electrical generator is Faraday law ofmutual induction. It is used to convert mechanical energy intoelectrical energy.

Three are also many application of the Faraday law which areas given:-

Induction cooking

Electromagnetic flow meters

Form the basis of electromagnetic theory

Musical instruments

Progress Report:1. We have taken a bicycle.

2. We have removed the last tyre and the tube of it

and in place of that we have fitted a pulley there.

3. We have prepared a frame with dimensions of 20” x 20” of M.S. bars. The cutting of

the bar was done by power hexa.

4. After the completion of the holding frame, the

bicycle is putted over the frame on to the axles

of the last wheel.

5. The belt is fitted over the wheel and the

accumulator.

6. The wire of the accumulator is connected with

the inverter by connecting the diode in the

middle of the connections.

7. The battery is attached to the inverter, which

store the energy produced by the rotation of

belt.

8. A electrical device is connected to the battery

to desire the power produced

Components used:-2"X4" (M.S.)

-Wrench

-V-belt

-Saw

-Diode

-Wood

-Battery

-Hammer

-Inverter

-Scale

-Wire

-Screwdriver

-Motor(12-Vorhigher)

Using a few easily accessible parts, you can make a bicycle generator that can power various electronic appliances, such as laptops and batteries!

Materials needed:Bicycle StandBicycle frame24V DC scooter motorDC-DC battery chargerA car battery, or something similarDC-AC inverterWires for electrical connections and various bike parts and tools.

A multi-meter might be useful to check various voltage differentials between different objects.

The specific hardware we used:Motor: 24V 300W Scooter MotorBattery: 12V 18 amp-hr lead-acid battery model 7448k51Charger: Thunder 620 battery charger- 300 Watt 20 AmpInverter: 400 Watt inverter Model 6987k22

STEP 1: BIKE STAND

First you need something to hold

your bike. You can either build your

own bike stand or buy them. We

used a bought stand for the back

and made our own for the front.

These stands are especially nice for

the back wheel because some of

them are adjustable from side to

side (right and left to the rider). This

variation makes aligning the

connection to the motor easier.

STEP 2: BICYCLE FRAME

Any bike frame will do, aslong as the pedals spin thechain.

This step is the mosthands-on and difficult ofthe process. Werecommend that you usethe back wheel as theconnection to the motor.However, if you want tohave a more efficientconnection, we also havea more complex option.

STEP 3: BICYCLE TO MOTOR

Here we again face a choice: wecan use the back wheel to spin themotor, or you can go more directlyfrom the chain to the motor. Usingthe back wheel wastes some energyin friction and spinning a mass. Butgetting the correct gear ratio for thechain-to-motor strategy proves

difficult.

This step is the most hands-on anddifficult of the process. Werecommend that you use the backwheel as the connection to themotor. However, if you want to havea more efficient connection, we alsohave a more complex option.

WHY WE NEED A MOTOR:

The motor converts movement of your legs into DC

electricity.

Choosing a Motor: A stepper motor, car alternator,or an electric scooter motor will all work. We used ascooter motor. The motor produced voltageproportional to its RPM . The motor producescurrent based on the load attached.For reference, a mountain bike tire going at 20 mphspins at 250 RPM. Additional RPMs for the motorcome from the ratio of the wheel size to thefrictional cylinder on the motor.

STEP 4: BACK WHEEL OPTION

Making a bike generator using the back wheel is themore common method. Find a motor that can mount acylinder that can grip well to the back wheel of the bike.Using a hinge and various plates of aluminum, you canconstruct an adjustable mount for the motor that willallow you to vary the amount of contact between thecylinder and the wheel. You attach the motor to theupper plate, and adjust the position or angle of the platewith a bolt or screw.

The back wheel option will give you all the RPM that youneed-the gear ratio between the wheel and the cylinderin the back creates plenty of RPM and thus more thanenough voltage.Additional RPMs for the motor come from the ratio of thewheel size to the frictional cylinder on the motor.

STEP 5: V-BELT TO MOTOR OPTION

To attach the belt of the bike directly to the motor,

you will need a few changes of gear ratio.

Adjust the belt from the back wheel to the motor

Even with the belt, you will probably still only be

producing 3-6 volts but the pedaling will be very

easy. The scooter motor produces voltage

proportional to the RPMs (revolutions per minute) of

the motor shaft.

STEP 6: MOTOR TO CHARGER

Why we need a charger:

To charge, batteries need a voltage slightly higher

than their output voltage. Putting in too high a voltage

can damage the internal circuitry of the battery,

reducing its lifetime. Usually, circuits trickle a little bit

of current in a battery. But with a bicycle cranking out

watts, you want to put whole amps. Battery chargers

hold the voltage steady at the appropriate point, and

then increase the current allowing higher than normal

transmission of power.

Picking a Charger:

Remember that the voltage of your motor will be

varying with the speed of your pedaling. The charger

we used takes anywhere from 12- 24V. Though

chargers may brag outputs of 10s to 20s of amps,

batteries cannot stand such current. For example, the

battery we used has a maximum charging current of

5.4 amps. Check that the current of your charger

matches the limit of your battery.

Connecting:With a multimeter, measure the voltage coming out of your motor. Connect the positive output of the motor to the positive input of the charger and vice versa with the ground wire. Depending on the direction you spin the motor, the positive wire may not be the red wire; the motor works both directions but gives inverse voltage. If you can adjust the output current. As you may expect, larger current charges the battery faster but makes pedaling harder.

A word of warning: Do not overload the charger! Depending on your gear system, it can be very easy to put out more than 24V. Doing so will break your charger. If you will not be the only one using the system, consider adding zener diodes in case of excess voltage.

STEP 7: CHARGER TO BATTERY

Why we need a Battery:Charging your laptop could take a few hours, but you probably do not want to be on your stationary bike for that long. The battery holds your generated watts to be dowled out on an as-need basis.

Choosing a Battery: If a traditional car batterys are called lead-acid batteries; You do not want lead-acid dripping from you battery if you tip it over. Furthermore, we heard that if a car battery is tipped over, it can short circuit and explode. .Marine batteries or sealed batteries can withstand the tipping of a tumultuous world. Make sure your battery is rechargeable. And finally, choose the capacity of the battery to match your needs. We chose a 18 Amp-h battery because it holds about three laptops worth of energy.

Connecting:

Use the same caution as you do when jumping your car.Connect the positive terminal first for added safety. Thevoltage across your battery will be different when you arecharging, when it is sitting, and when it is discharging; theywill be about 14V, 12.5V, and 11 V respectively. The specsheet for our battery warned to stop charging when thevoltage reached 14.4 V. Check your battery’s spec sheet forits max voltage point.

Most capacitors suitable for creating a single bike generatorhave been designed for 12v car audio systems and come witha safety cut out to protect against over voltage linked to rpmfor a pm motor. Another reason why car audio capacitors are agood buy as they often come with their own built in volt meter.

AN INVERTER

If you are wishing to use AC mains powered appliances you will needto purchase an inverter. There are 2 types of inverters. A pure sinewave inverter creates a smooth AC output. A quasi sine makes asquare wave. Some devices may not work with a quasi sine.Inverters are designed to work with batteries so they usually workwith voltages between 9 and 14volts.

CABLES AND CONNECTORS

We used 30A Anderson Connectors when connecting the bikes intoeither a multiple or single bike system. The connectors hold a goodconnection but are also designed to ‘pop’ easily, if your foot trips on acable for example, so you don’t damage any soldering. It’s a goodidea to get fairly chunky cable for your ‘Bike Power Cables’,especially if the lengths start to get long. You want to avoid voltagedrop as it’s a waste of energy.

The smaller the cable diameter, the more it will heat up, the moreenergy you loose. It’s also possible to knock out 25A on a bike forbursts, so your cable should be able to handle that. We managed toget some paired (black & red wires in the same sheath) 4mm corespeaker cable, which meant the cable kept nice and neat

STEP 8: BATTERY TO INVERTER

Why we need an inverter:

The AC inverter converts the DC voltage from the battery into AC

voltage, which is what comes out of most electrical wall sockets.

You’ll often see inverters on a small scale in car adaptors, where they

take the power from the cigarette lighter (which is hooked up to the

car’s battery). Most general purpose AC inverters are Modified Sine

Wave inverters. If you want to know more about how these inverters

work, here is a good reference source.

Choosing an inverter:

When shopping for inverters, you want to look for a few features.

First, make sure that the output AC voltage is at the level of wall

plugs. Wall sockets usually put out about 120V, but it isn’t absolutely

necessary to have your voltage match that; anything from 110-130

Volts AC will be fine. Be sure that the frequency of the output is at 60

Hz, which is standard in the India.

GROUP MEMBERS:

Angel Bajaj - 1243289

Akkshit Kumar - 1243280

Abhishek Majajan - 1243275

Amrojpreet Singh - 1243288

Bupinder Singh - 1243296

Bupinder Singh - 1243295

Gurbir Singh - 1243303

Amaninder Singh - 1243281

Parteek Sharma - 1243351

Jagdeep Singh - 1310556

Gurunam Singh - 1243315

Jaskaran Singh - 1243108

Arvind Kumar - 1310544

Lovepreet Singh - 1310565

THANK YOU !!!!!