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Code No: R22032

II B. Tech II Semester Supplementary Examinations May/June - 2015

KINEMATICS OF MACHINERY (Com. to ME, AME, MM)

Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 75

Answer any FIVE Questions

All Questions carry Equal Marks

Provide Figures Wherever Necessary

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1. a).Define Grashof’s law. State how it is helpful in classifying the four link mechanisms into

different types.

b).The length of the fixed link of a crank and slotted lever mechanism is to 50mm and that

of the crank is 100mm. Determine the i) inclination of the slotted lever with the vertical in

the extreme position. ii) Ratio of the time of cutting stroke to the time of return stroke and

iii) Length of the stroke, if the length of the slotted lever is 450mm and the line of stroke

passes through the extreme positions of the free end of the lever.

2. A circle with EQI as diameter has a point Q on it circumference. P is a point on EQ produced

such that if Q turns about E, EQ. EP is constant. Prove that P moves in a straight line

perpendicular to EQI

3. a).Explain the procedure to construct Klein’s construction to determine the velocity and

acceleration of a slider-crank mechanism.

b).In a slider crank mechanism, the lengths of the crank and the connecting rod are 200mm and

800 mm respectively. Locate all the I centers of the mechanism for the position of the

crank when it has turned 300 from the inner dead center. Also, find the velocity of the

slider and the angular velocity of the connecting rod if the crank rotates at 40 rad/s.

4. a).What is fundamental equation of steering gears which steering gear fulfills this condition?

b).Determine the maximum permissible angle between the shaft axis of a universal joint if

the driving shaft rotates 800rpm and the total fluctuations of speed does not exceed 60rpm.

Also, find the maximum and minimum speed of the driven shaft.

5. A cam is to give the following motion to a knife-edged follower: To raise the follower through

30 mm with uniform acceleration and deceleration during 1200 rotation of the cam, Dwell for

next 300 of the cam rotation, To lower the follower with SHM during next 90

0 rotation of the

cam, Dwell for the rest of the cam rotation. The cam has a minimum radius of 30 mm and rotates

counter-clockwise at a uniform speed of 800 rpm. Draw the profile of the cam if the line of

stroke of the follower passes through the axis of the cam shaft. Also, draw the displacement,

velocity and the acceleration diagrams for the motion of the follower for one complete revolution

of the cam indicating main values.

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Code No: R22032

6. The number of teeth on the gear and pinion of two spur gears in mesh are 30 and 18 respectively.

Both the gears have a module of 6 mm and a pressure angle of 200. If the pinion rotates at 400

rpm, what will be the sliding velocity at the moment the tip of the tooth of pinion has contact

with gear flank? Take addendum equal to one module. also, find the maximum velocity of

sliding.

7. What is the effect of centrifugal tension on the tight and slack sides of a belt drive? Show that it

is independent of the tight and slack side tensions and depends only on the velocity of the belt

over the pulley.

8. In a sun and planet gear train, the sun gear wheel having 60 teeth fixed to the frame. Determine

the number of teeth on the planet and annulus wheel s if the annulus rotates 130 times and the

arm rotates 100 times, both in the same direction.

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1. a) How are the whit-worth quick return mechanism and crank and slotted lever

mechanism different from each other?

b) A Crank rocker mechanism has a 70 mm fixed link, a 20mm crank, a 50mm coupler, and

70mm rocker. Draw the mechanism and determine the maximum and minimum values of

the transmission angle. Locate the two toggle positions and find the corresponding

crank angles and transmission angles.

2. How can we ensure that a Tchebicheff mechanism traces an approximate straight line. Prove?

3. In a simple steam engine, the lengths of the crank and the connecting rod are 100mm and 400

mm respectively. The weight of the connecting rod is 50 kg and its center of mass is 22o mm

from the cross head center. The radius of gyration about the center of mass is 120 mm. if the

engine speed is 300 rpm, determine for the position when the crank has turned 450 from the inner

dead center, i) the velocity and acceleration of the center of mass of the connecting rod ii) the

angular velocity and acceleration of the rod iii) the kinetic energy of the rod

4. a).Sketch a polar velocity diagram of a Hooke’s joint and mark its salient features.

b).The ratio between the width of the front axle and that of the wheel base of a steering

mechanism is 0.44. At the instant when the front inner wheel is turned by 180, what

should be the angle turned by the outer front wheel for perfect steering

5. A flat faced mushroom follower is operated by a uniformly rotating cam. The follower is raised

through a distance of 25 mm in 1200 rotation of the cam, remains at rest for the next 30

0 and is

lowered during further 1200 rotation of the cam. The raising of the follower takes place with

cycloidal motion and the lowering with uniform acceleration and deceleration However, the

uniform acceleration is 2/3 of the uniform deceleration. The least radius of the cam is 25mm

which rotates at 300 rpm. Draw the cam profile and determine the values of the maximum

velocity and maximum acceleration during raising, and maximum velocity and uniform

acceleration and deceleration during lowering of the follower.

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Code No: R22032

6. Determine the minimum number of teeth and the arc of contact (in terms of module) to avoid

interference in the following cases i) Gear ratio unity ii) Gear ratio is 3 iii) pinion gears with a

rack. The addendum of the teeth is 0.88 module and the power component is 0.94 times the

normal thrust.

7. Determine the diameters of the cone pulley joined by a cross belt. The driven shaft is desired to

be run at speeds of 60, 90, and 120 rpm while the driving shaft rotates at 160 rpm. The center

distance between the axes of the two shafts is 2.5m. The smallest pulley diameter can be taken as

150mm.

8. A four speed sliding gear box of an automobile is to be designed to give approximate speed ratios

of 4, 2.4, 1.4 and 1 for the first, second, third and top gears respectively. The input and the output

shafts have the same alignment. Horizontal central distance between them and the lay shaft is 98

mm. the teeth have a module of 4 mm. No wheel has less than 16 teeth. Calculate suitable

number of teeth on each wheel and find the actual speed ratios attained.

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1. a) How are the kinematic pairs classified? Explain with examples

b) A linkage has 14 links and the number of loops is 5. Calculate its i) degrees of freedom ii)

number of joints iii) maximum number of ternary that can be had. Assume that all the pairs

are turning pairs

2. What is a Scott-Russel mechanism? What is its limitations how it is modified

3. In a Slider –crank mechanism, the stroke of the slider is one-half the length of the connecting rod

Draw a diagram to give the velocity and acceleration of the slider at any instant assuming the

crankshaft to turn uniformly.

4. a) What is an automobile steering gear? Which steering gear is preferred and why?

b) In a Davis steering gear, the length of the car between axles is 2.4m, and steering pivots are

1.35m apart. Determine the inclination of the track arms to the longitudinal axis of the car

when the car moves in a straight path

5. A tangent cam with straight working faces tangential to a base circle of 120 mm diameter has a

roller follower of 48 mm diameter. The line of stroke of the follower passes through the axis of

the cam. The nose circle radius of the cam is 12mm and the angle between the tangential faces of

the cam is 900. If the speed of the cam is 180 rpm, determine the acceleration of the follower

when i) during the lift, the roller just leaves the straight flank ii) the roller is at the outer end of

its lift, i.e.at the top of the nose.

6. A two –start rotating at 800 rpm drives a 26 tooth worm gear. The worm has a pitch diameter of

54 mm and a pitch of 18 mm . If coefficient of friction is 0.06, find the i) helix angle of worm ii)

speed of gear iii) center distance iv) lead angle for maximum efficiency v) efficiency vi)

maximum efficiency

7. a) Derive the relation for ratio of belt tensions in a flat-belt drive.

b) Two parallel shafts, connected by a crossed belt, are provided with pulleys 480 mm and 640

mm in diameters. The distance between the centre lines of the shaft is 3 m. find by how much

the length of the belt should be changed if it is desired to alter the direction of rotation of the

driven shaft.

8. An epicyclic gear train consists of an arm and two gears A and B having 30 and 40 teeth

respectively. The arm rotates about the Centre of the gear A at a speed of 80 rpm counter

clockwise. Determine the speed of the gear b if i) the gear A is fixed and ii) the gear A revolves

at 240 rpm clockwise instead of being fixed.

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Code No: R22032


KINEMATICS OF MACHINERY

(Com. to ME, AME, MM)





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1. a) Enumerate the inversions of a double slider crank chain. Give examples.

b) The distance between two parallel shafts is 18mmand they are connected by an Oldham’s

coupling. The driving shaft revolves at 160 rpm. What will be maximum speed of sliding of

the tongue of the intermediate piece along its grove?

2. With reference to a Paucullier mechanism, Show that it can be used to trace a straight line. Prove

mathematically?

3. In a four link mechanism, the dimensions of the links are as under: AB= 50 mm,, BC==66 mm,

CD= 56mm, and AD=100mm. At the instant ےDAB= 600,the link AB has an instantaneous

angular velocity of 10.5 rad/s and a retardation of 26 rad/s2 in the counter clockwise direction.

Velocity of the point E on the link BC when BE= 40mm, velocity of an offset point F on the link

BC if BF= 45mm, CF=30mm and BCF is read clockwise, velocity of an offset point G on the

link CD if CG= 24 mm, DG= 44mm and DCG is read clockwise. Draw a neat sketch. also find i)

the angular accelerations of the links BC and CD ii) the linear accelerations of the points E,

F and G

4. Derive an expression for the ratio of angular velocities of the shafts of a Hooke’s joint

5. What is a displacement diagram? why is necessary to draw it before drawing a cam profile

6. a) The number of teeth of a spur gear is 30 and it rotates at 200 rpm. What will be its circular

pitch and the pitch line velocity if it has a module of 2mm?

b) The following data relates to two meshing involute gears: Number of teeth on the gear

wheel=60, pressure angle=200, Gear ratio=1.5, Speed of the gear wheel= 100 rpm, module=

8mm. the addendum on each wheel is such that the path of approach and the path of recess on

each side are 40% of the maximum possible length each. Determine the addendum for the

pinion and the gear and the length of the arc of contact.

7. Two pulleys mounted on two parallel shafts that are 2m apart are connected by a crossed belt

drive. The diameters of the two pulleys are 500 mm and 240 mm. find the length of the belt and

the angle of contact between the belt and each pulley. Also, find the power transmitted if the

larger pulley rotates at 180 rpm and the maximum permissible tension in the belt is 900N. the

coefficient of friction between the belt and pulley is 0.28.

8. a) What is a sun and planet gear? Give the procedure to analyze such a gear train?

b) What is the difference between a simple gear train and compound gear train? Explain with

the help of sketches.

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Code No: R22036

II B. Tech II Semester Supplementary Examinations, May/June - 2015

MACHINE DRAWING (Com. to ME, AME)


Note: Part A: Answer any TWO of the following questions: PART-B is compulsory.

PART-A

1. Draw the front and top views of a square headed nut of size M24, when two faces of the nut

are equally seen in the front view.

2. Sketch the following:

i) Half section and offset section.

ii) Aligned and uni – directional system of dimensioning.

iii) Whit worth thread and Buttress thread.

3. Draw plan and sectional elevation of single riveted, double cover plate butt joint,

taking suitable dimensions. (12.5M×2=25M)

PART-B

4. Details of the vertical cross head are given below figure. Assemble the components in proper

sequence and draw a half sectional Front view, side view and Top view (50M)

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PART-A

1. Sketch any two views of a Cotter Joint with socket and spigot ends to connect two

rods of 20mm diameter each

2. Sketch :

i) Metric thread, nominal diameter 20mm and pitch 3mm.

ii) Double-start thread of square type, nominal diameter 40mm, and pitch 3mm

3. Show the conventional representation of the following materials

i) Wood ii) Lead iii) Straight Knurling

iv) Internal Screw Threads v) Bearing on shafts (12.5M×2=25M)

PART-B

4. Details of the feed check valve are given below figure. Assemble the components in proper

sequence and draw a half sectional Front view, side view and Top view (50M)

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PART-A

1. Draw two views of knuckle joint with properties to connect two shafts of 25 mm diameter.

2. Draw two views of a hexagonal headed bolt of M30 nominal size.

3. Draw sectional front view and top view of a double riveted zigzag lap joint to join two

plates ofthickness t=10mm (12.5M×2=25M)

PART-B

4. Details of the Screw jack are given below figure. Assemble the components in proper sequence

and draw a half sectional Front view, side view and Top view (50M)

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PART-A

1. Split muff coupling for 50mm diameter shaft. Draw sectional front view and top view

2. Answer the following

i) Knuckle Joint for 25 mm diameter Rods.

ii) any two types of feather keys

3. Draw half sectional view from the front, with left half in section and view from above

of a bushed bearing, suitable for supporting a shaft of diameter 25 mm (12.5M×2=25M)

PART-A

4. Details of the petrol engine connecting rod are given below figure. Assemble the components in

proper sequence and draw a half sectional Front view and Top view (50M)

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Code No: R22031


MECHANICS OF SOLIDS





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1. a) Derive the relation between Young’s modulus, shear modulus and bulk modulus.

b) Define the following

i) Factor of safety ii) Poisson’s ratio iii) Hooks law (8M+7M)

2. a) Define point of contra flexure.

b) Draw the Shear force and bending moment diagram for the loaded beam as shown in

Figure 1. (2M+13M)

3. a) Derive flexure equation.

b) A rectangular beam 200mm deep and 300mm wide is simply supported over a span of 8m.

What uniformly distributed load per meter the beam may carry, if the bending stress is not

to exceed 120 N/mm2. (8M+7M)

4. The shear force acting on a section of a beam is 100kN. The section of the beam is T shaped

of dimensions 100x100x20mm. The moment of inertia about the horizontal neutral axis is

314.221×104 mm

4. Calculate the shear stress at the neutral axis and at the junction of the web

and flange. Draw the distribution of shear stress across the depth of the section. (15M)

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Code No: R22031

5. Find the forces in all the members of the truss shown in Fig

6. a) Calculate slope and deflection at

uniformly distributed load over entire span.

b) A beam 3m long, simply supported at its ends, is carrying a

entire span. If the slope at

the center of the beam.

7. a) Differentiate between thin and thick cylindrical shells

b) A spherical shell of 2m diameter is subjected to an internal pressure

thickness required for the shell, if the allowable stress is 100

in volume. Take E = 2×10

8. A compound cylinder is made by shrinking a cylinder of external diamete

cylinder of external diameter 25cm and internal diameter15cm.

compression at the common

junction if E=2×105 N/mm

2

the members of the truss shown in Figure 2.

) Calculate slope and deflection at the free end of a cantilever when it is subjected to

uniformly distributed load over entire span.

, simply supported at its ends, is carrying a uniformly distributed load over

slope at the ends of the beam should not exceed 10, find the deflection at

a) Differentiate between thin and thick cylindrical shells

A spherical shell of 2m diameter is subjected to an internal pressure of 2

thickness required for the shell, if the allowable stress is 100 N/mm2. Also calculate change

×105N/mm

2, and Poisson’s ratio=0.3

A compound cylinder is made by shrinking a cylinder of external diamete

diameter 25cm and internal diameter15cm. After shrinking

the common junction was 28 N/mm2. Find the original difference in radii at the

2.

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(15M)

when it is subjected to

uniformly distributed load over

, find the deflection at

(7M+8M)

of 2 N/mm2. Find the

Also calculate change

(4M+11M)

A compound cylinder is made by shrinking a cylinder of external diameter 30cm over another

fter shrinking the radial

Find the original difference in radii at the

(15M)

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Code No: R22031


MECHANICS OF SOLIDS





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1. a) Draw stress strain diagram for structural steel and locate various important salient points

on that.

b) Derive an expression for strain energy when the member is subjected to gradually applied

load.

2. Draw the Shear force and bending moment diagram for the loaded beam as shown in Fig 1.

(15M)

3. a) Derive the flexure formula

b) An I section beam has 200mm wide flanges and an overall depth 500mm. Each flange is

25mm thick and the web is 20mm thick. At a certain section bending moment is M. Find

what percentage of M is resisted by flanges and web. (7M+8M)

4. The shear force acting on a section of a beam is 50kN. The section of the beam is T shaped of

dimensions 100x100x20mm. The moment of inertia about the horizontal neutral axis is

314.221×104mm

4. Calculate the shear stress at the neutral axis and at the junction of the web

and flange. Also draw shear stress distribution across the depth of the section. (15M)

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Code No: R22031

5. Find the forces in all the members of the truss shown in Figure 2 (15M)

6. a) State Mohr’s theorems

b) Using Macaulay’s method calculate slopes and deflections under the loads and also

maximum deflection as the beam loaded as shown in Figure 3. (4M+11M)

7. a) What is the difference between thin walled cylinder and thin walled pressure vessel

b) Calculate the increase of volume per unit volume of a thin walled steel circular cylinder

closed at both ends and subjected to a uniform internal pressure of 0.5MPa. The wall thickness

is 1.5mm, the radius is 350mm, Take E=2×105N/mm

2and Poisson’s ratio = 0.3 (4M+11M)

8. Determine the maximum and minimum hoop stress across the section of a pipe of 400mm

internal diameter and 100mm thick, when the pipe contains a fluid at a pressure of Also sketch

the variation of hoop and radial stress distribution across the thickness. (15M)

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Code No: R22031


MECHANICS OF SOLIDS





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(7M+8M)

1 a) Define the following

i) Poisson’s ratio ii) shear modulus iii) Volumetric strain

b) A steel rod is 2.2 m long and must not stretch more than 1.2 mm when a 8.5kN load is

applied to it. Knowing that E = 200GPa, determine (i) the smallest diameter rod that should

be used, (ii) the corresponding normal stress caused by the load. (6M+9M)

2 . Draw the Shear force and bending moment diagram for the loaded beam as shown in Figure 1.

(15M)

3. Derive bending stresses for i) Solid rectangular cross section and ii) Hollow circular cross

section (15M)

4. An I section beam 350mmx150mm has a web thickness of 10mm and a flange thickness of

20mm. If the shear force acting on the section is 40kN, find the maximum shear stress

developed in the section and also sketch the variation of shear stress across the depth of the

section. (15M)

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Code No: R22031

5. Find the forces in all the members of the truss shown in Figure 2. (15M)

6. a) Define Mohr’s theorems.

b) A beam of length 6m is simply supported at its ends and carries a point load of 40KN at a

distance of 4m from the left support. Find the deflection under the load and maximum

deflection. Also calculate the point at which maximum deflection takes place, given moment

of inertia of the beam is I = 7.33×107mm

4 and E = 2×10

5 N/mm

2 (4M+11M)

7. A thin cylindrical shell of 120cm diameter, 1.5cm thick and 6m long is subjected to internal

fluid pressure of 2.5 N/mm2. If the value of E = 2 × 10

5 N/mm

2 and Poisson’s ratio = 0.3,

calculate change in diameter, length and volume. (15M)

8. A compound cylinder is made by shrinking a cylinder of external diameter 200 mm and

internal diameter 160 mm over another cylinder of external diameter 160 mm and internal

diameter 120 mm. The radial pressure at the junction after shrinking is 8 N/mm2. Find the

final stresses set up across the section, when the compound cylinder is subjected to an

internal fluid pressure of 60 N/mm2. (15M)

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Code No: R22031


MECHANICS OF SOLIDS





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1. A specimen of steel 25mm diameter with a gauge length of 200mm is tested to destruction. It

has an extension of 0.16mm under a load of 80KN and load at the elastic limit is 160KN. The

maximum load is 180KN. The total extension at fracture is 56mm and diameter at neck is

18mm. Find a) stress at elastic limit b)Young’s modulus c) percentage elongation d) percentage

reduction area e) ultimate tensile stress (15M)

2. Draw the Shear force and bending moment diagram for the loaded beam as shown in Figure 1.

(15M)

3. A cast iron beam has an I section with top flange 100mm×40mm, web 140mm×20mm and

bottom flange 180mm×40mm. If tensile and compressive stresses are not to exceed 35MPa

and 95MPa respectively, what is the maximum uniformly distributed load the beam can carry

over a simply supported span of 6m if the larger flange is in tension. (15M)

4. A simply supported beam of rectangular cross section and length L carries a load W at distance

L/5 from the left support. The ratio of maximum allowable stress in bending and shear is 6:1.

Find the ratio of length and depth of the beam such that both bending and shear stresses reach

the maximum allowable limits simultaneously. (15M)

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5. Find the forces in all the members of the truss shown in Figure 2. (15M)

6. Determine deflection and slope at C for the beam loaded as shown in Figure 3. The beam has a

cross section 40 mm wide and 100 mm deep. E= 200 GPa. (15M)

7. A cylindrical shell 3 meters long which is closed at the ends has an internal diameter of 1m and

wall thickness of 15 mm. Calculate the circumferential and longitudinal stresses induced and

also changes in dimensions of the shell, if it is subjected to an internal pressure of 1.5 N/mm2.

Take E = 2 X 105

N/mm2 and also and µ = 0.3

(15M)

8. A compound cylinder is made by shrinking a cylinder of external diameter 300mm and internal

diameter of 250mm over another cylinder of external diameter 250mm and internal diameter

200mm. The radial pressure at the junction after shrinking is 8 N/mm2. Find the final stresses

set up across the section, when the compound cylinder is subjected to an internal fluid pressure

of 84.5 N/mm2

(15M)

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Code No: R22035


METALLURGY AND MATERIAL SCIENCE (Com. to ME, AME, MM)




~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

1. a) Differentiate between ionic and covalent bonds.

b) Describe the properties of metallic bond.

2. a) Differentiate between primary and secondary solid solutions.

b) What are Hume-Rothery rules? Explain.

3. a) Describe the methods of plotting an equilibrium diagrams. What are its applications?

b) Draw Fe-Fe3C phase diagram and label the phase fields. Describe the different reactions that

take place in this system.

4. a) Describe the following cast irons:

i) Malleable cast iron ii) Grey cast iron iii) White cast iron

b) List out the composition properties and applications of Hadfield Manganese steels.

5. Explain the construction of TTT diagram according to the first principle. Why it is called

S curve?

6. a) What are the particular characteristics of alloys of Cu-Zn system, which contain only

α solid-solution. Explain them.

b) Explain why alpha brasses are cold worked and (α +β) brasses are hot worked brasses.

c) As the solute content (zinc) increases in copper, strength as well ductility increases.

Why? Explain.

7. a) What are ceramics? Classify ceramics in detail.

b) Differentiate between traditional ceramics and advanced ceramics.

8. a) What are the various techniques adopted to make components made of polymer

matrix composites?

b) Explain any two methods of making polymermatrix composites.

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1. a) Differentiate between primary and secondary bonds.

b) Describe the effect of grain boundaries on the properties of metal.

2. a) What are the different types of solid solutions? Explain substitutional solid solution with

suitable examples.

b) How does an interstitial solid solution differ from interstitial compound?

3. a) Draw a typical Equilibrium diagram for two metals completely soluble bothin liquid

and solid states. Label the important points, lines and areas in it.

b) With neat sketchesdescribe in detail order-disorder transformations.

4. a) Discuss the microstructure, properties and applications of grey cast iron and spheriodal

graphitecast iron.

b) Describe how does the ductility vary with the shape of the graphite in cast iron.

5. a) Differentiate between hardness and hardenability.

b) What are the various methods of determining hardenability?

c) Describe the Jominy end quench method of determining hardenability.

6. a) What are the characteristics of titanium that makes it attractive for certain engineering

applications?

b) Which elements are used to alloy with titanium?

c) Why are some of the titanium alloys are heat treatable?

7. a) Explain y the ceramic materials in detail

b) Discuss structure, properties and applications of advance ceramics.

8. a) What is meant by polymerization? Compare and contrast between addition

polymerization and condensation polymerization.

b) Why fiber reinforcement is so important? Describe any one fabrication method of fibers.

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Code No: R22035






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1. a) Describe dependence of mechanical properties of steels on grain size.

b) Describe any two methods of determination of grain size.

2. a)What are the different types of solid solutions?Explain interstitial solid solution with

suitable examples.

b) What is chemical affinity factor? Should this be high, or low for the formation of

substitutional solid solutions? Why? Explain.

3. a) Explain the lever rule as applied to equilibrium diagrams.

b) ‘Eutectic composition’ usually does not show coring whereas a solid solutionmay show

“coring”. Explain why.

4. a) Describe the microstructure, properties and applications of grey cast iron and malleab

cast iron.

b) Differentiate between plain carbon and alloy steels. What are the limitations of plain

carbon steels? What is the role of alloying elements?

5. a) Differentiate between annealing and normalizing.

b) Why it is necessary to toughen the core before hardening the case?

c) What is case carburizing treatment? What is the surface hardness obtained and

approximate carbon content of the carburized case?

6. a) Describe the effect of increasing zinc on the properties of copper.

b) What is season cracking of brasses? How it can be avoided?

7. a) What are ceramics? List out the ceramics that are used for coatings for use at high

temperature.

b) Give the examples of ceramics for exhibiting optical and electrical properties. What are

their applications?

8. What are the metal matrix composites? Classify the metal matrix compositesfabrication

methods. Explain any two methods of making these composites.

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Code No: R22035






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1. a) Describe Fermi cloud with regard to metallic bond.

b) How does grain size influence the mechanical properties of materials. Describe any two

methods of determination of grain size.

2. a) What is a solid solution? Give the classification and explain the rules for the formation of

solidsolutions.

b) Explain why atomic size difference is only 4.2% still Zn can dissolve up to 38.4% in Cu?

3. a) Explain the phase changes that take place when an eutectoid steel is cooled from

austenitic temperature to room temperature.

b) What is allotropy? Explain the allotropic transformation of Iron.

4. a) What is the effect of section thickness upon the structure and properties of grey cast iron?

b) What is the effect of nickel upon section sensitivity of grey cast iron?

c) Why Hadfield steel is used for making rail crossings and jaw plates?

5. a) With the help of a suitable diagram, show normalizing and hardening temperature ranges

for plain hypereutectoid steels.

b) Compare the processes of flame hardening with induction hardening.

6. a) In what ways the mechanical properties of Aluminum and its alloys can be increased?

b) What is the main effect of adding the following elements to Aluminum?

(i) Copper (ii) Silicon (iii) Magnesium (iv) Zinc

7. a) What are the important characteristics of ceramics?

b) Describe the composition, properties and uses of different type of glasses.

8. What are the various techniques adopted to make components made of ceramic matrix

composites? Explain any two methods of making these composites.

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Code No: R22034


PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY (Mechanical Engineering)




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1. a) What are the factors to be considered before selecting the material for a pattern?

b) When do you use a i) Solid Pattern, ii) Split pattern and iii) Match Pattern? Give reasons and

an example in each case.

2. a) With the help of diagrams explain the investment casting process.

b) Discuss the various factors to be considered for die casting design.

3. a) Explain the process of thermit welding and discuss its advantages?

b) How do you classify the welding processes? Explain briefly.

4. a) Describe with neat sketch the CO2 – MIG welding process and give its specific applications.

b) What is weldability? What factors influence it?

5. a) Explain the possible defects in rolling and suggest suitable remedies.

b) On a certain mill the rolling load for 25% reduction is 7KN/mm of width. What is the

rolling load when front and back tensions of 120 and 150MPU are applied? σ0 = 13KN/mm2

and α = 2β.

6. a) A cup of 50mm diameter and 20mm height is to be produced by drawing from a 1.5mm

thick sheet metal. Find the blank diameter and the maximum drawing force. Assume

ultimate strength of sheet metal to be 650MN.

b) What is the difference between drawing and extrusion? How does deep drawing differ from

bar drawing?

7. a) Distinguish between forward extrusion and backward extrusion.

b) What are the various forging hammers? Discuss their advantages and limitations.

8. a) What are the forms of raw materials for processing plastics in to products?

b) Why is injection molding capable of producing parts with complex shapes and fine detail?

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Code No: R22034






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1. a) What do you mean by an allowance? List out different allowances.

b) What points are to be considered before the selection of “casting process” for

manufacturing a component? Explain.

2. a) Differentiate between directional and unidirectional solidification.

b) Compare cold chamber and hot chamber method of die casting.

3. a) Explain how Oxy-acetylene torch can be used for both welding and cutting?

b) What does a thermit mixture consists of and what reactions take place in thermit welding?

4. a) What are the characteristics of heat affected zone in welding?

b) Describe the difference between brazing and soldering?

5. a) Describe roll pressure distribution along arc of contact and derive equation for maximum

draft to be taken in rolling.

b) Describe rolling mills and rolling of bars and shapes.

6. a) What are the similarities and differences between piercing and blanking?

b) Why are multiple passes usually required in wiredrawing operations? Explain.

7. a) Describe the rotary forging process with a sketch. What are its typical applications?

b) A connecting rod is to be forged. Describe in detail the operations required.

8. a) What are the benefits of using a hot runner distribution system when injection moulding a

thermoplastic?

b) What is the difference between open cell and closed fell foamed plastics?

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Code No: R22034






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1. a) Describe with the help of a neat sketch, the working of a sweep pattern stating its

advantages?

b) What is the significance of shrinkage in the production of castings?

2. What is meant by directional solidification? Explain why directional solidification is preferred

in foundries.

3. a) What are the parameters that decide drag in oxy-fuel gas cutting? Explain how a good cut is

achieved?

b) Differentiate between solid phase welding and liquid phase welding?

4. a) Why do most welding failures occur in HAZ? Explain.

b) Compare TIG and MIG welding equipments. State the method of selection among the two.

5. a) Explain the changes in structure and properties during cold working, recovery and

recrystallization.

b) Derive an expression for work of plastic deformation.

6. a) Explain the different stages involved in the blanking operation?

b) What factors influence the clearance between punch and die?

c) How does the wire drawing process is different from tube drawing process?

7. a) Explain the features of a typical forging die?

b) Describe impact extrusion with a neat sketch. Write the application.

8. a) Distinguish between thermosetting plastics and thermoplastics.

b) List few components manufactured by the injection moulding and justify why they are

manufactured in that way?

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Code No: R22034






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1. a) Describe the capabilities of the casting process in terms of size and shape of the product?

b) Why is it important to provide a means of venting gases from the mold cavity?

2. a) Describe the solidification of a pure metal with a neat sketch.

b) Large castings are not made by investment casting. Comment.

3. a) What functions are served by the outer zone of the welding flame?

b) Describe the metallurgical effects of resistance welding cycle.

4. a) Why do properties vary widely in most welding heat affected zones?

b) With the help of a neat sketch explain the inert gas welding process.

5. a) Describe the importance of controlling rolling speeds, roll gaps, temperature and other

process variables in a tandem rolling operation.

b) What is the approximate relationship between melting point and recrystallization

temperature of a metal?

6. a) Describe the operation of hot spinning with a sketch.

b) Sketch blanking operation naming the important elements and their role in the process.

7. a) What principles are normally considered good practice in the design of drop forgings?

b) How are tubes extruded? Explain with a sketch.

8. With the help of suitable figures explain the injection moulding process of plastics? What are

the advantages and applications?

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Code No: R22033


THERMAL ENGINEERING - I (Com. to ME, AME)




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1. a) Define volumetric efficiency and discuss the effect of various factors affecting the

volumetric efficiency.

b) Discuss the effect of variable specific heat and dissociation of gases on Otto cycle.

2. a) Describe with a neat sketch the working principle of a crankcase scavenged two stroke

engine.

b) Draw the ideal and actual indicator diagrams of a two stroke SI Engine. How are they

different from that of a four stroke cycle engine?

3. a) Discuss the effect of engine variables on ignition in the case of SI Engines.

b) What are the requirements of good combustion chambers of SI Engines?

4. a) What do you mean by delay period in CI Engines? Discuss the parameters that affect

the delay period.

b) Discuss the various types of combustion chambers used in CI Engines.

5. a) List out various methods of finding friction power and discuss them in brief

b) During the testing of a single cylinder,four stroke oil engine the following observations

were taken: Brake wheel diameter = 65 cm, rope diameter = 3 cm, speed = 450 rpm, load on

band = 270 N, spring balance reading = 40 N, area of indicator diagram = 4.2 cm2, length

of indicator diagram = 6.5 cm, spring stiffness = 12 bar/cm, bore 11 cm, stroke =16 cm,

specific fuel consumption = 0.3129 kg/kW-hr, C.V. of fuel = 41868 kJ/kg. Estimate the

B.P., I.P., Indicated thermal efficiency and Brake thermal efficiency.

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Code No: R22033

6. a) Deduce an expression for the optimum value of inter cooling pressure in a two stage

compressor and show how this expression may be extended to meet the case when

there are N stages.

b) A single acting two stage reciprocating air compressor installed at an altitude of 1500 m has

to deal with 5.6 m3/min of air under free air condition of 1 bar and 15

oC. The suction

temperature is - 2 oC and the delivery pressure is 9 bar. Assuming complete intercooling

between the stages, find the cylinder diameters and the common stroke and the revolutions

being run per minute. Assume a piston speed of 125 m/min, clearance 5% of swept volume

for both cylinders and stroke equal to the diameter of L.P. cylinder. Equation of expansion

and compression is PV1.3

= constant. Take sea level conditions as 1 bar and a fall of 0.1 bar

per 1000 m of altitude.

7. a) Define slip factor and power input factor. Also obtain an expression for total pressure ratio

in terms of slip factor, power input factor, total head isentropic efficiency, blade velocity at

outlet, temperature and specific heat at inlet and ratio of specific heats.

b) With the help of head - capacity graph discuss the merits and demerits of radial, backward

and forward curved vanes in centrifugal compressors.

8. a) What are the factors which limit pressure rise in a single stage axial flow compressor

b) Show that the degree of reaction of a stage of an axial flow compressor is

1 – [ (Cw1 - Cw2) / 2 U ] Where Cw1 and Cw2 are velocity of whirl at inlet and outlet

respectively and U is the mean blade velocity.

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Code No: R22033






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1. a) Discuss the differences between air standard and actual diesel cycle

b) Discuss the effect of spark advance on the performance of an Otto cycle engine.

2. a) Briefly explain the classification of I.C. Engines.

b) Draw and discuss the port timing diagram of a two stroke engine.

3. a) Discuss detonation or knock theory of SI Engines.

b) Describe the various types of combustion chambers in SI Engines.

4. a) “Factors tending to increase knock in SI Engines tend to reduce knock in CI Engines”.

Discuss.

b) Describe three methods of producing general swirl in CI Engines.

5. a) What are the various engine efficiencies? Explain each of them

b) Air consumption for a four stroke petrol engine is measured by means of sharp edge circular

orifice of diameter 3.8 cm having 0.6 as the coefficient of discharge. The drop in pressure

through the orifice is equivalent to 145 mm of water. The barometer reads 75.5 cm of Hg.

The temperature of air may be taken as 26 oC. The compression ratio of the engine is 6. The

piston displacement volume is 2000 cm3. The engine develops a brake power of 29.5 kW

when running at 2600 rpm. The fuel consumption of the engine is 0.14 kg/min and the C.V.

of fuel is 43960 kJ/kg. Calculate air-fuel ratio, volumetric efficiency, brake mean effective

pressure and relative efficiency.

6. a) Explain the terms brake power, indicated power and mechanical efficiency as applied to

reciprocating compressor.

b) The following data were obtained from the performance test of a 14 cm × 10 cm single stage

reciprocating air compressor having 3 percent clearance: Barometer pressure = 77 mm Hg,

suction pressure = 0 bar gauge, suction temperature = 22 oC, discharge pressure = 4.05 bar

gauge, discharge temperature = 174 oC, shaft rpm = 1160, shaft power = 5 kW, mass of air

delivered per minute = 1.75 kg. Determine the actual volumetric efficiency, indicated

power, isothermal compressor efficiency, mechanical efficiency and the overall efficiency

of the unit.

7. a) Define prewhirl. Why does the prewhirl provided and why and how it is varied from root to

tip at inlet?

b) Sketch the ideal velocity diagrams for a radial blade of a centrifugal compressor having axial

velocity at inlet. Obtain an expression for outlet velocity, work done and pressure rise.

8. a) Define degree of reaction. Differentiate between the blading of a reaction turbine and

that of an axial flow compressor.

b) Draw velocity diagram at the entry and exit for the axial compressor stage.

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Code No: R22033






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1. a) Discuss briefly the loss due to gas exchange process.

b) Compare the actual and fuel-air cycles of a gasoline engine.

2. a) Discuss the phases of spray formation in fuel injection.

b) Explain the working principle of pintle and pintaux nozzle.

3. a) Discuss the effect of engine variables on flame speed in the case of SI Engines.

b) Discuss the variables affecting knock in SI Engines.

4. a) Explain the phenomena of diesel knock and discuss the factors affecting diesel knock.

b) What are the factors to be considered for the design of combustion chambers of the CI

Engines.

5. a) What do you mean by heat balance of an IC Engine? Discuss the heat balance diagram of an

IC Engine at constant speed.

b) During the testing of four stroke cycle, 8 cylinder, petrol engine following data were

obtained. Load on the hydraulic dynamometer = 950 N, speed = 1250 rpm, bore = 70 mm,

stroke = 89 mm, fuel consumption = 19.5 kg/hr, C.V. = 43542 kJ/kg, jacket water

flow = 1400 kg/hr, temperature rise in jacket water = 30 oC, air-fuel ratio = 32, room

temperature = 30 oC, exhaust gas temperature = 400

oC, fuel analysis = 15% H2 and 85% C,

partial pressure of water vapour in the exhaust gas = 0.02 bar, cp of vapour = 2.09 kJ/kg K,

cp of dry exhaust gases = 1.005 kJ/kg K, the constant of hydraulic dynamometer = 17280.

Draw the heat balance sheet.

6. a) Discuss concisely the reason for the use of multistage reciprocating compressors. Explain

the underlying principle by means of P-V and T-S diagrams.

b) Calculate the size of the cylinder for double acting reciprocating air compressor of 40

kW. indicated power which compresses air from pressure of 1 bar and temperature 15oC to a

pressure of 6 bar according to the law PV1.2

= Constant. The compressor runs at 100

rev/min, with an average piston speed of 150 m/min. Neglect clearance.

7. a) Compare the relative merits and demerits of reciprocating and rotary compressors.

b) Describe the working of a roots blower with help of a neat sketch and p-v diagram.

8. a) Explain the phenomena of surging and choking in rotary compressors.

b) What is a forced vortex blade? Draw the velocity triangles at the root and tip of a forced

vortex blade.

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Code No: R22033






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1. a) Briefly explain time loss factor, heat loss factor and exhaust blow down.

b) How does the composition of exhaust gases vary for various fuel-air ratios in a

gasoline engine?

2. a) List out the advantages and disadvantages of liquid and air cooling systems.

b) Discuss the properties of a good lubricant.

3. a) Describe the method of rating the SI engine fuels.

b) What do you mean by dopes and inhibitors? Name various antiknock additives that are

being used in SI Engines.

4. a) Discuss in detail the various stages of combustion in CI Engines.

b) Describe the knock rating CI of engine fuels.

5. a) What is the function of dynamometer? Classify the dynamometers.

b) A four cylinder four stroke gasoline engine working at 3000 rpm develops a brake

power of 21 kW. A Morse test was conducted on this engine and the brake power obtained

when each cylinder was made inoperative by short circuiting the spark plug are 15, 14.2,

14.7 and 14.4 kW respectively. The Morse test was conducted at constant speed. Find the

indicated power, mechanical efficiency and brake mean effective pressure,when all the

cylinders are firing. The bore and stroke of the engine are 8 cm and 9 cm respectively.

6. a) Derive an expression for the work done in a single stage reciprocating compressor neglecting

the effect of clearance when the compression follows the law PVn = constant.

b) A single stage air compressor is required to deal with 30 m3/hr of free air at 1 bar. The

delivery pressure at 450 rpm is 6.5 bar. Calculate clearance ratio, the I.M.E.P. and B.P. if

mechanical efficiency is 0.8, isothermal efficiency is 0.76 and volumetric efficiency is 0.75.

7. a) Distinguish between positive and non positive displacement type of compressors. Give

applications of each.

b) Describe the working of a vane type compressor with a neat sketch and draw its p-v diagram.

8. a) What is free vortex blade? Derive the work done and reaction ratio for a free vortex blade.

b) Define flow coefficient, stage loading and pressure coefficient for an axial compressor stage.

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R10 SET - 4

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