a canvas for establishing global software development collaborations
DESCRIPTION
"I already used the canvas to assess an existing cooperation. It helped a lot to structure the analysis and to present the results." -- Expert from an automotive OEM ==== Article for download: http://bit.ly/globalcanvas ==== Summary: There is an increasing need and interest for organizations to collaborate with internal and external partners on a global scale for creating software-based products and services. Potential risks and different strategies need to be addressed when setting up such collaborations. Aspects such as cultural and social features, coordination, infrastructure, organizational change processes, or communication issues need to be considered. It is difficult for companies to quickly assess if they have considered all relevant aspects. An overall aid that guides companies in systematically setting up global collaborations is widely missing. Here we present a canvas that guides companies in setting up global collaborations in the software development domain. ==== Reference: Inna Smirnova, Jürgen Münch, Michael Stupperich. A Canvas for Establishing Global Software Development Collaborations. In Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Information and Software Technologies (ICIST 2014), volume 465 of CCIS, pages 73-93. Springer-Verlag, 2014.TRANSCRIPT
A Canvas for Establishing Global Software A Canvas for Establishing Global Software Development CollaborationsDevelopment Collaborations
Druskininkai, ICIST 2104October 9, 2014
Inna Smirnova, Jürgen Münch, Michael Stupperich
University of Helsinki, Dept. of Computer Science, Finland Daimler Research & Development, Ulm, Germany
Study motivationStudy motivation
“Many companies start global software engineering to benefit from cheaper, faster and better development
of software systems, products and services”
40% of offshore software development projects fail2 out of 5 global project teams show poor performance
Study motivation
2Inna Smirnova, Jürgen Münch, Michael Stupperich : Global collaborations
D. Šmite, C. Wohlin, T. Gorschek and R. Feldt, Empirical evidence in global software engineering: a systematic review.
Empirical Software Engineering, 15(1), 2010, pp. 91-118.
How can companies overcome global software development (GSD) challenges and benefit from
global collaborations?
Many scientific papers and experiences available:– risk-oriented– focus on specific areas of GSD, e.g. trust, communication– isolated, unconnected advices
Study motivation (2)
3
An overall holistic approach that guides companies effectively in setting up long-
term global software development collaborations is needed
Inna Smirnova, Jürgen Münch, Michael Stupperich : Global collaborations
MethodologyMethodology
• Input from industry: collaboration with the automotive OEM “Daimler AG” – data from project leaders were elicited via interviews
and company-internal workshops• Literature review:
- Snowballing approach- Systematic analysis of papers from major topic-relevant conferences (ICGSE, SEAFOOD)
““Global canvas” Global canvas” guidance for
establishing GSD collaborations
Methodology
4Inna Smirnova, Jürgen Münch, Michael Stupperich : Global collaborations
PhasesPhases of global collaborations
1. Initiate: Identify benefits of transition towards GSD; choose collaboration model & partners
2. Plan and Prepare: establish the conditions needed for starting the global collaboration
3. Pilot: test systematically practices for setting up global collaborations; detect problems
4. Operate and Improve: overall operation is ongoing, learning, continuous improvement
Building up the “Global canvas”- Elements: Phases
5Inna Smirnova, Jürgen Münch, Michael Stupperich : Global collaborations
AspectsAspects to consider when establishing global software development collaborations
Strategy Collaboration structure
Product structure
Development process
Coordination
Infrastructure
Social aspects
Communication
Organizational change process
Building up the “Global canvas”- Elements: Aspects
6Inna Smirnova, Jürgen Münch, Michael Stupperich : Global collaborations
PracticesPractices of global software development collaborations
Strategy Collaboration goals
Collaboration model
Foreign legal system Vendors
Budget plan
Collaboration structure General task distribution Organizational structure and peer-to-peer links
Product structure Product ownership and architecture
Product-based work distribution
Development process
Development process model
Coordination Project management
Project control
Infrastructure Compatibility
Tools
Social aspects Trust
Cultural understanding
Communication Communication tools
Relationships
Communication protocol
Team awareness
Common knowledge base
Organizational change process
Improvement cycles
Standardization
Building up the “Global canvas”- Element: Practices
7Inna Smirnova, Jürgen Münch, Michael Stupperich : Global collaborations
Objectives: description, main purpose of the practice –
Why is it important to consider?
Potential results and experiences: What can be achieved with the practice?
Pros and Cons
Actions: How to conduct the practice? necessary steps and
actions, alternatives
Successful practices: structureSuccessful practices: structure
Building up the “Global canvas”- Successful practices
8Inna Smirnova, Jürgen Münch, Michael Stupperich : Global collaborations
Objectives: How to do the collaboration? According to what scenario? Where to?
Practice Example: Collaboration ModelPractice Example: Collaboration Model
Building up the “Global canvas”- Successful practices (2)
9Inna Smirnova, Jürgen Münch, Michael Stupperich : Global collaborations
Scenario A: Offshore outsourcing
consuming of resources and development services from an
external 3rd party situated abroad
•client-subcontractor relationships
Scenario B: Offshore insourcing
consuming of internal organizational resources
situated abroad
•product customization and localization
Possible Collaboration Scenarios: Pros and Possible Collaboration Scenarios: Pros and ConsCons
Building up the “Global canvas”- Successful practices (3)
10
Scenario A Scenario B
Inna Smirnova, Jürgen Münch, Michael Stupperich : Global collaborations
+might reduce development costs+speeding up software development process+worldwide expertise-domain training and knowledge sharing-lack of corporate spirit-requirements clarification and system integration- risk of loosing areas of core competence
+peer-to-peer partnership+corporate spirit +motivation+shared know-how and responsibility +access to new technologies and markets-knowledge sharing-need of compatible infrastructure-trust and social ties building
Strategy Collaboration goals
Collaboration model
Foreign legal system
Vendors
Budget plan
Collaboration structure General task distribution
Organizational structure and peer-to-peer links
Product structure Product ownership and architecture
Product-based work distribution
Communication Communication tools
Relationships
Communication protocol
Team awareness
Common knowledge base
Development process
Development process model
Coordination Project management
Project control
1a
1b
1c
1d
Phases: Initiate Plan and Prepare Pilot Operate and Improve
2a2b
2c
2d
2e
2f2g
3b
3g
3h
Organizational change process
Improvement cycles
Standardization
Infrastructure Compatibility
Tools
Social aspects Trust
Cultural understanding
3c
3d
3e
3f
4a
4b
Building up the “Global canvas”- “Global canvas” visualization
11
1e
3a
3i
Inna Smirnova, Jürgen Münch, Michael Stupperich : Global collaborations
Future workFuture work
• Mature and complete validation of the canvas based on industry applications
• Analysis of the dependencies between different practices and strategies
• Analysis of other potential use cases of the canvas besides guidance and assessment scheme
Future work
12Inna Smirnova, Jürgen Münch, Michael Stupperich : Global collaborations
SummarySummary
• When setting up global collaborations varieties of aspects, challenges, and different strategies need to be considered
• A holistic overview to setting up global collaborations is missing
• “Global canvas” – provides a practical guide and a reminder for organizations about activities that need to be performed when setting up global collaborations
Summary
13Inna Smirnova, Jürgen Münch, Michael Stupperich : Global collaborations
ReferenceReference
• Inna Smirnova, Jürgen Münch, Michael Stupperich. A Canvas for Establishing Global Software Development Collaborations. In Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Information and Software Technologies (ICIST 2014), volume 465 of CCIS, pages 73-93. Springer-Verlag, 2014.– Springer version: bit.ly/global_canvas
– Author version: http://bit.ly/globalcanvas
Reference
14Inna Smirnova, Jürgen Münch, Michael Stupperich : Global collaborations