964 biology info

Aims

This syllabus is designed to enhance candidates’ knowledge and understanding of biology and biological issues, to prepare and equip the candidates for their tertiary education, to pursue careers in related fields and to promote continuous awareness of the importance of biology in life.

OBJECTIVE

This syllabus enables candidates to:(a) understand the biological phenomena,

principles and theories;(b) evaluate biological information critically

and deduce logical conclusion;(c) plan and carry out experiments

scientifically and make deductions;

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(d) develop abilities and skills in handling materials and apparatus correctly and safely, and;

(e) cultivate proper attitudes and values on social, technological, and environmental issues in biology.

SUBJECT: 964 BIOLOGY

The syllabus of 964 Biology will be covered in three terms with three main

topics.o1st Term : Biological molecules and

Metabolism

o2nd Term : Physiology

o3rd Term : Ecology and Genetics964 Biology


The syllabus is based on learning outcomes curriculum

o1st Term : Biological molecules and Metabolism

oSix topicso2nd Term : Physiology oSeven topicso3rd Term : Ecology and GeneticsoSix topics

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CONTENTS

FIRST TERM

BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES AND METABOLISM

1. Biological molecules

1.1 Water

1.2 Carbohydrates

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1.3 Lipids

1.4 Proteins

1.5 Nucleic acids

1.6 Analytical techniques

2. Structure of Cells and Organelles2.1 Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells2.2 Cellular components2.3 Specialised cells

3. Membrane Structure and Transport 3.1 Fluid mosaic model 3.2 Movement of substance across membrane964 Biology

4. Enzymes

4.1 Catalysis and activation energy

4.2 Mechanism of action and kinetics

4.3 Cofactors

4.4 Inhibitors

4.5 Classification of enzymes

4.6 Enzyme technology

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5. Cellular Respiration

5.1 The need for energy in living

5.2 Aerobic respiration

5.3 Anaerobic respiration

6. Photosynthesis

6.1 Autotroph

6.2 Light-dependent reactions

6.3 Light-independent reactions

6.4 Limiting factors

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SECOND TERM

PHYSIOLOGY

7.Gas exchange

7.1Gaseous exchange in humans

7.2Breathing cycle

7.3Gaseous exchange in plants

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8. Transport in Animals and Plants

8.1 Transport system in mammals

8.2 Transport system in vascular plants

9. Control and Regulation

9.1 Nervous system

9.2 Hormones

10. Reproduction, Development and Growth

10.1 Sexual reproduction in humans

10.2 Sexual reproduction in flowering plants

10.3 Seed germination

10.4 Growth curves and patterns of growth

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11. Homeostasis

11.1 Importance of homeostasis

11.2 Liver

11.3 Osmoregulation in mammals

11.4 Osmoregulation in plants

12. Immunity

12.1 Immune system

12.2 Development of immunity

12.3 Concept of self and non-self

12.4 Immune disorder

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13. Infectious Diseases

13.1 Infectious disease

13.2 Dengue

13.3 Cholera

13.4 Tuberculosis (TB)

13.5 Malaria

THIRD TERM

ECOLOGY AND GENETICS

14. Taxonomy and biodiversity

14.1Taxonomy

14.2Diversity of organisms

14.3Biodiversity in Malaysia

14.4Threats to biodiversity

14.5Conservation of biodiversity964 Biology

15. Ecology

15.1 Levels of ecological organisation

15.2 Biogeochemical cycles

15.3 Energy flow

15.4 Population ecology

15.5 Carrying capacity

15.6 Quantitative ecology964 Biology

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16. Selection and Speciation

16.1 Natural and artificial selection

16.2 Speciation

17. Inheritance and Genetic Control

17.1 Types of genetic crosses and breeding system

17.2 Non-Mendelian inheritance

17.3 Genetic mapping

17.4 Population genetics

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17.5 DNA replication17.6 Gene expression17.7 Regulation of gene expression17.8 Mutation

18. Gene Technology

18.1 Recombinant DNA technology

19. Biotechnology

19.1 Roles of biotechnology

19.2 Applications of biotechnology

THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE NEW SYLLABUS WITH THE EXISTING SYLLABUS

Detail Current syllabus

New syllabus Rationale for change

1. Number of titles

25 19 To meet the current and global needs

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FIRST TERM



2. Changes title/ content

Topic 1:Basic chemistry of a cell

Topic 1:Biological molecules

Topic1 in the current syllabus is changed to Biological molecules because this topic not only discuss the basic chemistry, but all the features of molecular biological aspects.



Topic 2:Structure of cells and organelles

Topic 2:Structure of cells and organelles

Topic 3:Membrane structure and transport

Topic 2 of the existing syllabus is separated into two topics which are Topic 2 and Topic 3 so that the emphasis is also on the membrane structure and transport in more detail

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Topic 3:Control in cellsSubtopic 3.1.2: Gene concept, one-gene- one- polypeptide hypothesis

Topic 4:Enzymes

Topic 3 of the existing syllabus become Topic 4 of the new syllabus dedicated to the enzyme alone. Subtopic 3.1.2 existing syllabus transferred toTopic 17.



Topic 5: Respiration

Topic 5:Cellular respiration

Topic 5 of the existing syllabus is separate into two parts, energy production and respiration processes.

Topic 4:Photosynth esis

Topic 6: Photosynth esis

Topic 4 of the existing syllabus has been changed to Topic 6 of the new syllabus to enable the sequential learning by topic.

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Topic 6:Nutrition

− Topic 6 was dropped because the topics are covered while in SPM.



TERM 2

Topic 7:Gaseous exchange

Topic 7:Gas exchange

Topic 7 changed the name of the topic only

Topic 8:Transport

Topic 8:Transport in animals and plants

Topic 8 changed the name of the title to be more detailed and clear

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Topic 10:Nervous systemTopic 11:Hormone/ chemical coordination

Topic 9:Control and regulation

Topic 10 and Topic 11 existing syllabus combined into Title 9 of the new syllabus.



Topic 13:ReproductionTopic 14:DevelopmentTopic 15:Growth

Topic 10:Reproduction, development and growth

Topic 13, Topic 14 and Topic 15 of the existing syllabus combined into Topic10 of the new syllabus.

Topic 9:Homeostasis

Topic 11:Homeostasis

Topic 9 of the existing syllabus transferred into Topic 11 of the new syllabus.



Topic 12:ImmunitySubtopic 12.5: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

Topic 12:ImmunitySubtopic 12.4: Immune disorder

Topic 12 of the existing syllabus is updated and issued 12.5 Subtopic and Subtopic 12.4 in the new syllabus is replaced by Immune disorders are discussed Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE).



− Topic 13:Infectious diseasesSubtopic 13.1: Infectious diseaseSubtopic 13.2: DengueSubtopic13.3: CholeraSubtopic 13.4: Tuberculosis (TB) Subtopic 13.5: Malaria

Topic 13 of the new syllabus was introduced to new topics to meet the needs of current issues



TERM 3Topic 21:TaxonomyTopic 22:Biodiversity

Topic 14:Taxonomy and biodiversity

Topic 21 and Topic 22 of the existing syllabus combined into Topic 14 of the new syllabus.

Topic 24:EcosystemTopic 25: Quantitative ecology

Topic 15:Ecology

Topic 24 and Topic 25 of the existing syllabus combined into Topic 15 15 of the new syllabus.



Topic 23:Variation and theory of EvolutionSubtopic 23.1: Variation23.1.1: Continuous and DiscontinuousVariation23.1.2:Sources

Topic 16:Selection and speciation

Topic 23, a Subtopic 23.1 and 23.4 in the existing syllabus was dropped because the theory is quite contrary to religious beliefs, but Subtopic 23.2 and 23.3 in the existing syllabus combined into Topic 16 of the new syllabus.



Subtopic 23.4: Evolution23.4.1: Lamarck’s Theory23.4.2: Darwin- Wallace’s Theory23.4.3 Evidence supporting theory of Evolution

Topic 16:Selection and speciation

Topic 23, a Subtopic 23.1 and 23.4 in the existing syllabus was dropped because the theory is quite contrary to religious beliefs, but Subtopic 23.2 and 23.3 in the existing syllabus combined into Topic 16 of the new syllabus.



Topic 16:Transmission geneticsTopic 17:MutationTopic 18:Population genetics

Topic 17:Inheritance and genetic control

Topic 16, Topic 17 and Topic 18 of the existing syllabus combined into Topic 17 of the new syllabus.

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Topic 19:Gene regulation and expressionSubtopic 19.1: Lactose operonTopic 20:Modern geneticstechnology

Topic 18: Gene technology

Topic 19 and Topic 20 of the existing syllabus combined into Topic 18 of the new syllabus.



Topic 19:Biotechnology and its applicationsSubtopic 19.1: Roles of biotechnologySubtopic 19.2: Applications of biotechnology

Topic 19 of the new syllabus was introduced to new topics to meet the needs of current issues.

SCHOOL BASED ASSESSMENT (SBA)

SBA is carried out throughout the form six school terms.

SBA can be carry out by candidates from government schools and private schools which have been approved by MEC.

SBA is assessed by the subject teachers in schools in the respective terms when the experiment is carrying out and also on the student’s practical work report.

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MEC will determine 15 compulsory experiments to be carried out by the candidates which is compiled on Teacher’s and Student’s Manual for Biology Practical.

Teacher’s and Student’s Manual for Biology Practical can be downloaded from MEC Portal (http://www.mpm.edu.my) during the first term of form six by the subject teachers.

SUBJECT: 964 BIOLOGYAssessment Examination • 1st Term Topic 1 to 6 −

26.67%

• 2nd Term Topic 7 to 13 −

26.67% • 3rd Term Topic 14 to 19 −

26.67%

School Based Assessment −

20%or for private students Written practical test ( Paper 5) −

20%

Total marks will be graded after 3rd term964 Biology

FIRST TERM

No Theme Topic in syllabus Experiment

1 Microscope and slide

Taxanomy and biodiversity

Measurement of cell size using microscope


Taxanomy and biodiversity

Preparation and observation of slides of animal and plant cells

3 Biochemistry and physiology

Transport in animal and plant

Determination of the osmotic potential of plant cells

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Enzymes Effect of temperature on enzymatic activity


Gas exchange

Oxygen consumption during respiration in plant

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Biological molecules

Separation of photosynthetic pigments using paper chromatography


Photosynthesis Comparison between C3 and C4

leaves

SECOND TERM


8 Dissection Gas exchange

Dissection of the mammalian respiratory system.

9 Dissection Transport in animal and plant

Dissection of the mammalian blood circulatory system

10 Dissection Hemeostasis Dissection of the mammalian urino-genital system

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Reproduction, development and growth

Embryogenesis in human


Hemeostasis Examination of slides: kidney, liver and pancreas

THIRD TERM


13 Ecology Taxanomy and biodiversity

Classification of organisms using a dichotomous key

14 EcologyTaxanomy and biodiversity

Preservation techniques

15 Ecology Taxanomy and biodiversity

Collections of insects of 10 different orders and plants of 10 different families


16 Ecology Ecology Ecological study of a terrestrial habitat

17 GeneticInheritance and genetic control

Mendelian inheritance

18 Genetic Biological molecules Extraction of plant DNA

SCHEME OF ASSESSMENT

Term of Study

Paper Code and

NameTheme/Title Type of Test Mark

(Weighting) Duration Administration

First Term

964/1BiologyPaper 1

Biological Molecules and Metabolism

Written test

Section A15 compulsory multiple- choice questions to be answered.

60(26.67%)

15

1½ hours Central assessment

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Term of Study

Paper Code and Name Theme/Title Type of Test

Mark (Weighting

)Duration Administration

Term of Study

Paper Code and



First Term

964/1BiologyPaper 1


Section B2 compulsory short structured questions to be answered.

15 1½ hours Central assessment

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Term of Study

Paper Code and



First Term

964/1BiologyPaper 1


Section C 2 out of 3 essay questions to be answered.All questions are based on topics 1 to 6.


Term of Study

Paper Code and

NameTheme/Title Type of Test

Mark (Weighti

ng)

Duratio n

Administrat ion

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Term of Study

Paper Code and



Second Term

964/2Biology Paper 2

Physiology Written test

Section A 15 compulsory multiple- choice questions to be answered.

60(26.67%)

15


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Term of Study

Paper Code and



Second Term


Physiology Section B 2 compulsory short structured questions to be answered.


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Term of Study

Paper Code and



Second Term


Physiology Section C 2 out of 3 essay questions to be answered.All questions are based on topics 7 to 13.


Term of Study

Paper Code and



Third Term


Ecology and Genetics

Written test

Section A 15 compulsory multiple- choice questions to be answered.

60(26.67%)

15


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Term of Study

Paper Code and



Third Term



Section B2 compulsory short structured questions to be answered.


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Term of Study

Paper Code and



Third Term



Section C 2 out of 3 essay questions to be answered.All questions are based on topics 14 to 19.


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Term of Study

Paper Code and


Mark (Weighting


Third Term


Written Practical Test3 structured questions with diagram/grap h/ table to be answered.

45(20%)


Term of Study

Paper Code and


Mark (Weighting


First, Second

and Third Terms


Biology Practical

School- based Assessment of Practical15 compulsory experiments to be carried out.

225 (20%)

Through -out the

three terms

School-based assessment

964 biology info

Documents

existing syllabus

9642 physiology

9643 ecology

biological

existing syllabus

weighting

paper code

students manual