WWI Unit Packet

DO NOW

1. List three words you see.2. Why did you select these words?

3. How do these words relate to the idea of war?

Big Idea

Top 3 Leading Causes of War1. Nationalism2. Imperialism3. Alliances

Notes

A. The Road to Wara. In the early ________, Europe is divided into two armed camps:

i. Triple Alliance: ________________________________, _________________, and _____________.ii. Triple Entente: _______________, _____________________, and _________________.

iii. __________________ is protected by Britain.iv. __________________ is protected by Russia.v. The ______________________________ has lands that Russia, Serbia, Greece, Bulgaria, and Austro-

Hungary all want.vi. Many of the European powers have colonies in ____________ and ________.

b. Nationalism: An intense _______ for your people and country. Think of a very extreme version of patriotism.

c. Imperialism: Needing ______________, the European powers took over almost all of Africa and most of Asia. Some countries, like Germany, feel like they didn’t get their “__________________” and want more.

d. Militarism: An ___________ race. Each country was building bigger armies and bigger navies to impress/scare others.

B. War!!!a. Austro-Hungarian Archduke _______________________________ and his wife Sophie are assassinated in Sarajevo

by a Serbian nationalist named Gavrilo Princip, who was a member of a terrorist group called the Black Handb. Austria is upset and blames _______________. They issue a list of demands called an

_________________________. If Serbia refuses, they will go to war. The demands are really harsh. Serbia refuses. c. Austria knows that Serbia is protected by ______________. Austria asks their ally, __________________ for

backup. Kaiser Wilhelm II pledges his support to Austria.d. ____________________ declares war on Serbia. ______________________ declares war on Austria.e. Germany declares war on ___________________ and her ally, _____________.f. Germany asks ____________________ if it is ok to move troops through their country on the way to

____________. Belgium refuses. Germany invades anyway, which brings ______________ into the war to protect Belgium.

g. Believing that Germany started the war and told that they would get more land, _________ joins Britain and France.h. Germany convinces the ___________________________ and Bulgaria to fight on their side. In the two months

since the assassination, virtually the entire continent is at war.

C. Fighting and Stalematea. Germany’s plan, the Schlieffen plan, was to overload troops and knock ___________ out of the war first by

invading Belgium. Once France is out, they can turn around and invade ________________.b. The Germans get to within ____ miles of Paris before their attack stops at the First Battle of the Marne. c. Neither side can advance, so they settle down into ____________________. The line of trenches is called the

Western Front and it stretches from the English Channel to the Swiss Alps.

Reinforcement

  “Since winning independence from Britain in 1783, American leaders had avoided ‘entanglements’ with Europe.  However, following the Spanish-American War, Americans acquired an overseas empire.  Another turning point was reached in 1917 when Americans entered World War I.  The outbreak of World War I in Europe in 1914 had several causes:

Nationalism:      Nationalism led to

rivalries among France, Germany, Austria-Hungary and Russia.

      Several nationalities in Austria-Hungary wanted to form their own national states.

Imperialism:      Europeans had

competing economic interests.

      For example, Russian interests in the Balkans threated Austria-Hungary.

      Competing colonial claims added to these tensions.   

Alliances:      By the 1890s,

Europe was divided into two alliances.

      On one side stood Germany and Austria; on the other side Russia, France and Great Britain.

      Any dispute involving two of these nations threatened to involve them all.

  The assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand by Slavic nationalists in 1914 was the immediate cause of the war.  Austria invaded Serbia to avenge the assassination.  Existing alliances quickly brought Russia, Germany, Britain, and France into the war.  What might have been a minor regional crisis quickly

escalated into a major European war.  New weapons – the machine gun, poison gas, airplanes, and submarines – prevented either side from winning a quick victory.  When the war first broke out in Europe, President Wilson attempted to follow the traditional American policy of neutrality.  Despite these efforts, the United States eventually became involved in the conflict.”~ The Key to Understanding U.S. History and GovernmentQuestions:

1-    What had American leaders tried to avoid since winning independence from Britain in 1783? 

2-    Why do you think American leaders tried to avoid this? 3-    After what conflict had Americans acquired an overseas empire? 4-    How did acquiring an overseas empire change Americans? 5-    What were the causes of the First World War? 6-    What event triggered the alliance system? 7-    What was the initial response of American leaders to the conflict in Europe? 8-    How might geography explain American leaders’ reluctance to become

involved in a conflict in Europe? 

DO NOW 1. What were the 3 members of the Triple Alliance?

2. What were the 3 members of the Triple Entente

3. What even started WWI

Big Idea

1. German U-Boats pulled the US in to the war. 2. The United States would be the tipping point for the war. 

Notes

D. Neutralitya. President _____________________ saw the horrors that the war was bringing to Europe and wanted no part of it.b. He declared the US to be _________________, despite the fact that many thought we should help

_________________ and ______________.c. Being neutral was hard because Germany was using a newer weapon called a ________________________ , called

“u-boats”. These ships would sail under the water and sink any ship heading to __________________. This was to deny the British of food and other supplies and force them out of the war.

d. Sometimes American ships were ______.e. In a famous incident, a German u-boat sank the ocean liner _______________________, killing _______

passengers. This almost brought the US into the war until Germany agreed to stop unrestricted sinking.

E. US Enters the Wara. In 1916, Wilson was reelected under the slogan

“_______________________________________________________________”.b. However, that would change. A telegram sent by Germany to __________ stated that if a war with the US

happened, Germany would help Mexico recover Texas, California, New Mexico, and Arizona. This caused public opinion to shift in favor of going to ____.

c. Then, in early _____, Germany sensed that the war could be over soon and began to attack ships without warning again.

d. President Wilson asked ______________ to declare war on Germany, although it would be about a year before our troops really saw any combat.

e. Our forces in Europe would be lead by Gen. ____________________________.f. Over ______________ men would serve and _____________ would be killed or wounded.g. Our forces would be the tipping point in favor of the Allies.h. The first thing we had to do was to stop the _____________.i. We developed something called a ______________. It is a fleet of merchant ships protected by warships for safety.

The navy could attack the submarines while the merchant ships would make it to Britain safely and deliver the needed supplies. By the end of the war, ____% of the submarine fleet was sunk.

F. Russia

a. Russia did not do _____ in the war. They lost too many soldiers and a lot of land. Russia’s people were starving and poor. More importantly, they wanted a change.

b. In early ____, the Russians rose up and demanded that the _____ abdicate (resign). However, the Russian congress, the Duma, kept fighting the war.

c. In the fall, a communist party called the ______________________, led by _________________________, took control of the government. They made peace with Germany, taking Russia out of the war.

d. They would begin to create the _________________, a communist nation.

SOAP!

Answer the following questions1. What are the symbols in this image? What

do get represent?

2. What message was Flagg (author) trying to convey?

3. How does the poster reflect the events and political climate of the time?

DO NOW 1. What country did Germany encourage to attack the USA?

2. What is a convoy and what is it’s purpose?

Big Idea

Propaganda is used to try and convince you to do something.

Treaty of Versailles forces Germany to take full responsibility for the war. 

NotesG. The War Ends

a. With _________ out of the war, Germany could free up troops on the east and send them ____________. Their soldiers poured into France and again, Paris was threatened.

b. It was the arrival of the ___________ at the Second Battle of the Marne that ended the German threat.c. The American soldiers began to push the tired Germans back to the _________ and the Allies began to turn the war

around.d. On ______________, the Germans asked for an ___________________, which is a ceasefire. It is not a surrender,

but an admission that the war should end.e. Nov. 11 became a holiday in most countries called Armistice Day. In the US, it is ___________________________.

H. US Heroesa. ___________________________ was a soldier who won the _____________________ by single handedly

capturing an entire regiment of German soldiers.b. _______________________________ won the _____________________________ by being America’s top

________.

I. The Home Fronta. The US and Britain had to resort to ______________ at home in order to conserve supplies, like food, oil, gas, etc.

for the troops.b. Many families planted _____________________ to grow their own veggies.c. Foods like hamburgers and frankfurters had their names changed to ____________________ and

________________________ to distance themselves from Germany.d. Many ___________ and Blacks would work in ________________ to support the war effort.e. We would spend _______________ on the war effort. Much of the money came from selling

______________________.

f. Factories had to hire more _______________ as they needed to produce a lot for the war. g. The ____________________________________ handled labor issues during the war.h. _________________________ chaired the Food Administration and helped conserve supplies with “meatless day”

and “wheatless day”.i. The average worker saw his wages rise from _________ at the beginning of the war to ___________ at the end.

J. Propagandaa. Propaganda is __________________ information designed to persuade you to do something.b. During the war, propaganda was used to help convince you to buy _____________, hate the ____________, save

_________, etc.

K. Espionage and Sedition Actsa. Passed to help the war effort at home by making spying or hurting the war effort illegal.b. You could be fined up to _________ and jailed up to ____ years for interfering with the _______________ or sale

of ____________.c. _________ arrests and ______________ convictions were made.d. In the Supreme Court case of ______________________________, Schenk was arrested for encouraging people to

refuse to sign for the draft. He sued on First Amendment grounds, but lost his case due to the principle of ____________________________________.

 Analyze the Chart:

Reasons for United States Involvement in World War II. Closer Ties with Allies

A) Many Americans traced their ancestry to Britain.B) A common language and history tied Americans to the British.C) The Americans, British and French shared the same democratic political system.

II. German Actions and Allied PropagandaA) Americans were shocked at the German invasion of neutral Belgium.B) The Zimmerman Telegram, a secret message from the German Foreign

Minister, promised to return U.S. territories to Mexico if Mexico acted against the United States.

III. Violation of Freedom of the SeasA) This was the main reason for American entry into World War I –

unrestricted German submarine warfare.1. A British naval blockade prevented food and arms from being shipped to

Germany.2. The United States became the main source for Allied arms, supplies, food,

and loans.3. The Germany navy was too weak to break the British blockade.4. By using submarines, Germany could retaliate by sinking ships delivering

goods to Great Britain.IV. Sinking the Lusitania

A) By 1915, a German submarine sank the British passenger ship Lusitania, killing over 1,000 passengers, including 128 Americans.

V. Sussex PledgeA) After a German submarine attacked a French passenger ship in 1916,

President Wilson threatened to break off relations with Germany.B) Germany pledged not to sink any ships without warning or helping

passengers.VI. Germany uses Submarine Warfare

A) Suffering from near-starvation, the Germans announced they would sink ships in the blockaded areas.

B) This was a violation of the ‘freedom of the seas’ – the right of neutral ships to ship no-war goods to nations at war.

C) When German submarines attacked merchant vessels, Wilson asked Congress to declare war on Germany in 1917.

Questions:1- Why were Americans more likely to support the British in a European conflict?

________________________________________________________________________ 2- What invasion had shocked the Americans?

________________________________________________________________________ 3- Why had this invasion shocked the Americans?

________________________________________________________________________4- What was the Zimmerman Telegram?

________________________________________________________________________ 5- Why did the Zimmerman Telegram shock the Americans?

________________________________________________________________________ 6- What is a naval blockade?

________________________________________________________________________ 7- Why had the British created a naval blockade?

________________________________________________________________________ 8- What nation was the main source of supplies for the Allies?

________________________________________________________________________ 9- How was Germany hurt by the naval blockade?

________________________________________________________________________ 10- How could Germany retaliate against the British?

________________________________________________________________________ 11- So, what is unrestricted submarine warfare?

________________________________________________________________________ 12- What had happened to the Lusitania?

________________________________________________________________________ 13- Why were Americans particularly upset about the sinking of the Lusitania?

________________________________________________________________________ 14- What was the Sussex Pledge?

________________________________________________________________________ 15- Why did Germany break its promise?

________________________________________________________________________ 16- What is freedom of the seas?

________________________________________________________________________ 17- How did Germany violate freedom of the seas?

________________________________________________________________________ 18- So, what was the main reason why the United States entered World War I?

________________________________________________________________________ 19- In what year did the United States enter World War I?

________________________________________________________________________ 20- What had happened in Russia in that same year? (Previous Knowledge)

________________________________________________________________________ 21- Do you remember the fighting on the Western Front and the Eastern Front? What kind of

fighting occurred on the Western Front? (Previous Knowledge) ________________________________________________________________________

22- Describe trench warfare. ________________________________________________________________________

23- What happened on the Eastern Front? ________________________________________________________________________

24- How did the arrival of the Americans change the Western Front? ________________________________________________________________________

25- Which nations won the First World War? ___________________________________

DO NOW Complete any unfinished work in your handout

Big Idea

President Wilson’s plan for peace was the 14 point plan.

The penalties on Germany are very harsh, causing anger.

NotesL. Immigrants

a. Many people were afraid that immigrants may be ______ working for foreign nations.b. Orchestras would refuse to play German composers like _________ and ________________.c. Many immigrants would change their name to sound more _________________________.d. Many immigrants were _________________, ________________, or __________________.

M. Home Front Issuesa. In 1919, the ________________________ hits the world.b. Between ___ and ____ million will die around the world with ________________ dying in the US.c. Many Blacks and women found work in _______________. Many Blacks moved from the ______ to the _______

to find jobs.d. Because they would work for less money, Blacks would find a lot of __________________ up North.

N. Treaty of Versaillesa. _________________ wanted to make a peace with _____________ so no bad feelings would be held onto and a

lasting peace made.b. _____________ and _________________ wanted to punish Germany, ____________ demanded more land and

_____________________ was not invited to the peace conference.c. Wilson’s plan for peace was called the __________________________. It was a list of fair terms that would make a

fair peace for all involved and attempt to prevent war. It would also create a ____________________________, an international organization where nations can talk problems out without going to war.

d. The treaty that was signed, the __________________________, did none of that. Germany had to pay _______________, lose all of its ___________________, it had to accept total ________________________________ for the war, have a much smaller army and navy with no ________________ or _________________________, and much of its territory was given to ______________ and some of it would be occupied by _______________.

e. Wilson tried to get the US _____________ behind the treaty. While rallying public support for it, he has a __________ and becomes an invalid for the last year and a half of his presidency.

f. The Senate is worried that the ________________________ could get the US into a war without the Senate’s permission. With Wilson sick, the Senate rejects the treaty and will not join the League.

g. With the ____ involved, the League will be doomed to failure.

h. Likewise, the penalties on ________________ are so harsh, that it will create a lingering anger.i. A genocide against the _________________ committed by the Turks goes unpunished.

Letters from the frontLetter Questions

1. What were some of the things taught to young soldiers?

2. What was the food like?

3. What did the soldier say about his training?

1. How long did it take to get a letter?

2. What happened to Private William Martin?

3. How were letters marked if they could not be delivered?

1. Who does he ask to protect him?

2.  Why does he say good by to his wife?

3. Why does he mention God so much?

1. How close to death does the author feel?

2. Why does the author seem at peace?

3. How did he die?

1. Why has he lost all patriotism?

2. Why are all of these letter religious?

3. How does he describe the other men?

World War One Study Guide

1. This man led a communist revolution in Russia?

2. Who was a famous American General during World War One?

3. What was the name of the Archduke of Austria-Hungary that was assassinated?

4. What was the name of the city the Archduke was shot in?

5. To protect ships from submarines, American’s came up with what strategy?

6. This is a one sided message designed to make people hate the enemy, join the war, or buy war bonds?

7. German submarines were nick named this?

8. What was the name of the British liner(ship) that was sank by a German torpedo?

9. What did the Espionage and Sedition Acts do?

10. What was the name of the Telegram that helped America join WWI and fight the Germans?

11. Name the three countries that fought for the Triple Entente?

12. Name the three countries that fought for the Triple Alliance?

13. What is a program created to ensure everyone gets a fair share of goods called?

14. Towards the end of WWI what was President Wilson’s peace plan called?

15. Why did President Wilson ultimately decide to join in World War One?

16. In the Supreme Court case Schneck vs U.S. Why did Schneck lose?

17. What type of virus killed 50-100 million people world wide?

18. Where did many women and African Americans find work?

19. What country was not invited to President Wilson’s Peace conference?

20. What were two results of the Treaty of Versailles?

21. What two countries believed Germany should be punished for the war?

22. This is a line of trenches which stretches from the English Channel to the Swiss Alps?

23. What country did not do well in the war?

24. Where did many African Americans move to find jobs? As a result of the Treaty of Versailles what country has to accept full responsibility for the war?