O LR (1987) 34 (11 ) E. Biological Oceanography 981

87:6428 Jones, R.L., 1987. Biogeography. Progress report.

Leading Edge, 6(6): 133-145.

The recent biogeographical literature (second half of 1985 and first half of 1986) is selectively reviewed, including contributions from biologists and geolo- gists as well as geographers. Dept. of Geography, Coventry Lanchester Polytech., UK. (gsb)

87:6429 Kent, Martin, 1987. Island biogeography and habitat

conservation. Leading Edge, 6(6):91-102.

The theory of island biogeography and its potential application to conservation and reserve programs are discussed. The author proposes that teaching and research should be continued despite the lack of significant substantiation and the inherent diffi- culties in obtaining data because of the potential importance of the theory in conservation planning. Dept. of Geographical Sci., Plymouth Polytech., UK. (gsb)

87:6430 Paine, R.T., 1986. Old problems and new perspectives

in marine community ecology. Estud. Oceanol., 5:9-18. (In Spanish.) Dept. of Zool., Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.

87:6431 Robinson, J.V. and J.E. Dickerson Jr., 1987. Does

invasion sequence affect community structure? Ecology, 68(3):587-595.

Thirty 400-mL beakers were inoculated with rep- licated subsets of species of green, blue-green, and golden algae, ciliates, a rotifer, a dinoflagellate, and euglenoids. These species were added according to four distinct sequences and two different rates over a 23-wk period, resulting in four replicated sets of insular communities. Significant differences in com- munity structure and species richness could be attributed to both sequence of invasion and distance effects. 'Priority' effects were important in some instances. Communities could be divided into two types similar to the two community types previously reported to arise from the assembly of these same taxa according to different invasion schedules. Univ. of Texas, Dept. of Biol., Arlington, TX 76019, USA.

87:6432 Slatkin, Montgomery, 1987. Gene flow and the

geographic structure of natural populations. Sci- ence, 236(4803):78%792.

Mutation, genetic drift due to finite population size, and natural selection favoring adaptations to local environmental conditions will all lead to the genetic

differentiation of local populations; the movement of gametes, individuals, and even entire popula- tions----collectively called gene flow--will oppose that differentiation. Gene flow may either constrain evolution by preventing adaptation to local condi- tions or promote evolution by spreading new genes and combinations of genes throughout a species' range. Direct methods for estimating the amount of gene flow monitor ongoing gene flow, and indirect methods use spatial distributions of gene frequencies to infer past gene flow. Applications of these methods show that species differ widely; of partic- ular interest are those species for which direct methods indicate little current gene flow but indirect methods indicate much higher levels of gene flow in the recent past. Such species probably have under- gone large-scale demographic changes relatively frequently. ®1987 by AAAS. Dept. of Zool., Univ. of Calif., Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.

87:6433 Wethey, D.S., 1986. Climate and biogeography:

continuous versus catastrophic effects on rocky intertidal communities. Estud. Oceanol., 5:19-25.

Three examples of the inter-relations of physical stress and biotic interactions are examined which have implications for the study of rocky shores on both large and small spatial and temporal scales. Solar radiation stress and its influence on local zonation and geographic species limits, and large- scale meteorological events (sea ice and E1 Nifio) and their catastrophic effects are discussed. Dept. of Biol. and Mar. Sci. Prog., Univ. of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.

EgO. Plankton (also p r imary productivi ty, seston and detritus)

8"/:6434 Booth, B.C., 1987. The use of autofluoreseenee for

analyzing oceanic phytoplankton communities. Botanica mar., 30(2): 101-108.

Normally the small size classes of phytoplankton must be enumerated immediately at sea since these cells may be damaged by standard preservation techniques resulting in loss of the autofluorescence necessary for observation by epifluorescence mi- croscopy. The author describes a cryopreservation method (storage in oil at -15°C after glutavaldehyde fixation and filtration) which allowed accurate counting after two years of storage. School of Oceanogr., Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. (gsb)