8/31/2012 online

Internal structures of female reproductive:

OvariesUterine tubesUterusVagina

Two small, glandular, organs

Controls menstrual cycle

Contain ova

Ovulation -extrusion of an ovum by rupture of a follicle

Pear-shaped muscular organ

Situated in central part of pelvic cavity

Posterior to urinary bladder

Receives ovumServes to house developing fetusExpels fetus during birth

Consists of four parts:FundusBodyIsthmusCervix

Also called fallopian tubes

Collect ova released by ovaries and convey it to uterine cavity

3 to 5 long

During implantation, fertilized ovum, (zygote) passes into uterine cavity

After 2 weeks, embryo appears

After 9 weeks, embryo becomes a fetus

7 months

Connecting cord from the developing fetus to the placenta

Provides passage in for nutrition and removal of waste

Cord is attached to uterus via placenta, implanted in uterine wall

Pt empties bladder prior to procedure

Pt in lithotomy position

Speculum inserted into vagina

Uterine cannula inserted into cervical canal

Contrast is administered after speculum removal

Lies posterior to urinary bladder and urethra

Muscular structure that connects uterus to outside of body

Performs various other functions

Female – not pregnant (not gravid)

Hysterosalpingography (HSG)Pelvic pneumonographyVaginography

Female – pregnant (gravid)

Fetography PelvimetryFetal cephalometryPlacentagram

Mainly to investigate patency of uterine tubes in pts unable to conceive

Determine size, shape, and position of uterus and uterine tubes

Delineate lesions such as polyps, submucousal tumors, or fistulas

Why should procedure should be scheduled within 10 days following onset of menstruation?

Endometrium is least congested

Least risk of irradiating fertilized ovum

Pt empties bladder prior to procedure

Pt in lithotomy position

Speculum inserted into vagina

Uterine cannula inserted into cervical canal

Contrast is administered after speculum removal

Shows filling of uterine cavity and bilateral filling of fallopian tube with injection material

Patency determined by visualization of contrast

Fluoroscopy and/or overheads images

Usually AP, obliques, and lateral

HSG

Replaced by sonography

Study of female organs by injection of gas in peritoneal cavity

Used to investigate congenital malformations and fistulas

Thin barium sulfate or water-soluble iodinated contrast media introduced into vagina

Radiography of placenta by injecting radiopaque substance

Shows walls of uterus to locate placenta in cases of placenta previa

(In most pregnancies, placenta is located at the top or side of uterus. In placenta previa, placenta is located low in tuterus)

(Now replaced by ultrasound)

Demonstrates fetus in utero

Detect suspected abnormalities of development or death

Determine presentation and position of fetus

Determine number of fetuses

KUB and lateral

Baby enters birth canal with buttocks or feet first as opposed to normal head first presentation

Normal

Metal ruler to measure fetal head’s relationship to pelvic outlet

AP and lateral films

Pelvimetry (fetal cephalometry)

Colcher –Sussman Method

(Now replaced by Sonography)

Pelvimetry

External reproductive structures of male Penis Scrotum Structures enclosed

by scrotal sac▪ Testes▪ Epididymides▪ Spermatic cords▪ Part of ductus deferens

Bladder

Vesiculogram

Obsolete radiography study of prostate

Replaced by Sonography