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1. Basic Phrases

Bom dia!Hello! / Good morning!

Boa tarde!Good afternoon!

Boa noite!Good evening! / Goodnight!

Oi/Ol! Tchau!Hi! / Bye!

Adeus.Good bye.

Por favor.Please.

At mais.See you / See you later.

At logo.See you soon.

At amanh.See you tomorrow.

(Muito) Obrigado.Thank you (very much).

No h de qu.You're welcome. / Don'tmention it.

Bem-vindoWelcome

Desculpe-meI'm sorry

Com licena / Perdo.Excuse me / Pardon

Vamos!Let's go!

Como o senhor est?How are you? (formal)feminine: a senhora

Como vai?How are you? (informal)

E a?How's it going? (Only inBrazil)

Bem / Muito bem

Well / Very well

Mal / Muito mal / Mais oumenos

Bad / Very bad / More orless

Sim / No

Yes / NoComo o senhor sechama?What is your name?(formal)

Qual seu nome?What is your name?(informal)

Me chamo...My name is...

Prazer em conhec-loNice to meet you.

Igualmente.Same here.

Senhor / Senhora /SenhoritaMister / Mrs. / Miss

De onde o senhor ?Where are you from?(formal)

De onde voc ?Where are you from?(informal)

Eu sou de...I'm from...

Quantos anos o senhortem?How old are you? (formal)

Quantos anos voc tem?

How old are you?(informal)

Eu tenho _____ anos.I am _____ years old.

O senhor fala portugus?Do you speakPortuguese? (formal)

Voc fala ingls?Do you speak English?(informal)

(No) Falo...I (don't) speak...

Compreende? / Entende?Do you understand?(formal / informal)

(No) Compreendo. /(No) Entendo.I (don't) understand.

Eu (no) sei.yoh noh loh sehI (don't) know.

Pode me ajudar?

Can you help me?

Claro que sim

Of course

Como?

What? Pardon me?

Onde est / Ondeesto... ?Where is ... / Where are ...?

AquiHere.

H / Havia...There is / are... / Therewas / were...

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Como se diz ____ emportugus?How do you say ___ inPortuguese?

O que isto?What is that?

Qual o problema?What's the matter (withyou)?

No importa.It doesn't matter.

O que aconteceu?What's happening?

No tenho idia.I have no idea.

Estou cansado / doente.I'm tired / sick.

Estou com fome / sde.I'm hungry / thirsty.

Estou com calor / frio.I'm hot / cold.

Estou chateado.I'm bored.

No me importa.I don't care.

No se preocupe.Don't worry

Tudo bem / 'T bom.That's alright.

Me esqueci.I forgot.

Tenho que ir agora.I must go now.

Sade!Bless you!

Parabns!Congratulations!

Boa sorte!Good luck!

a sua vez.It's your turn. (informal)

Cale-se! / Cala a boca!Shut up!

Eu te amo.I love you. (informaland singular)

Notice that Portuguese has informal and formal ways of saying things. This isbecause there is more than one meaning to "you" in Portuguese (as well as inmany other languages.) The informal you is used when talking to close friends,relatives, animals or children. The formal you is used when talking to someonewho is older than you or someone for whom you would like to show respect (aprofessor, for example.) There are also two ways to say you in the plural, usedwhen speaking to more than one person.All adjectives in Portuguese have masculine and feminine forms. In general, themasculine form ends in -o and the feminine form ends in -a.

2. Pronunciation

PortugueseLetter English Sounda like a in aftere like e in empty or if it's at the end of a word, like ee

in cheesei always like eeo like the sound of all but without the l soundu always like oo in foollh like lli in million but shorterh silentnh like ny in canyonr in beginning of word like h in hot. Between two

letters like the Italian r in Mariarr always like h in hotd like in English

j like in English but without the d sound. Somethinglike zh or a hard sh

g before e and i like j. Otherwise like g in gogue, gui the g in go followed by e or iqua, quo are always pronounced separately, like kwa, kwo

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s between vowels, like z in zoo; otherwise like z. (InPortugal, like sh when at the end of a word.)

x sometimes like sh in shift or like z in zoo like ssz like z in English (In Portugal, like zh when at the end

of a word.) like oe in does like but shorter

like a in Artic like e but shorter like a in apple like i but longer like o but shorter like o in more like u but longerch like sh in shifte like "oen"

3. Alphabeta a k k u u

b b l le v vc c m me w dbliud d n ne x xise o o y psolonf fe p p z zg g q quh ag r rrei i s sse

j jota t tThe letter (c cedilha) is not considered a separate letter in the alphabet.Spelling changes as of January 2009:

The letters K, W and Y are now officially part of the alphabet, though they hadalways been used anyway;

The deletion of diaeresis (trema: ) in words with gue, gui, que and qui, as:aguentar, arguir, cinquenta, tranquilo, etc;

The deletion of differential accent in the words "pra/para", "pla/pela","plo/pelo", "plo/polo" and "pra/pera" is gone also, but it stands unchangedin the verbs "pr", "poder" and others that use the accent as way todifferentiate from singular and plural (i.e.: tem/tm);

The deletion of acute accent in open diphthongs i and i from paroxytones(i.e.: alcaloide, apoia, boia, colmeia);

The deletion of acute accent on stressed i and u after diphthongs in paroxytone

words (i.e.: feiura);The deletion of circumflex accent on words with em and o(s) endings (i.e.:leem, voo, enjoo);

The deletion of hyphen in compound words whose second element beginswith S or R, which shall be doubled (i.e.: antirracismo, antissocial), and in caseswhere there are vowels in both the first element's ending and the secondelement's beginning (i.e.: antiareo, autoestrada).

http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/portuguese/3alphabet.mp3

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4. Definite / Indefinite Articles & Demonstratives

Masc. Singular Fem.Singular

Masc. Plural Fem. Plural

the o a the os asa, an um uma some uns umasthis este esta these estes estasthat esse essa those esses essas

that aquele aquela those aqueles aquelas

Two ways to say that/those:you use esse when you see something that is not with you but it's nearyou use aquele when you see something that is far from you or that is not nearyou at that moment.

5. Subject Pronounseu I ns wetu you (not used in

popular speech)vs plural of tu (also not used

in popular speech)

ele / ela /voc

he / she / you(informal)

eles / elas /vocs

they / they / you (pluralinformal)

As tu and vs are not used nowadays, I will not use them to explain thedeclensions of the verbs. We use the word voc for the same meaning if you'retalking to someone from your family or friends. If you're talking to someoneyou don't know, you must use "o senhor" or "a senhora" (Mr or Mrs.). The wordtu is only used in the region of southern Brazil, where they normally don't usevoc.In Portugal, o senhor and a senhora are very formal ways to sayyou. Voc isconsidered semiformal and tu is considered informal.6. To Be & to Haveser - to be estar - to beeu sou ns somos eu estou ns estamosele/ela/voc

eles/elas/vocsso

ele/ela/vocest

eles/elas/vocsesto

ter - to haveeu tenho ns temosele/ela/voc tem eles/elas/vocs tm

In Portugal, the tu form of ser is s, the tu form of estar is ests, and the tuform of tener is tens. Ser is used to say when you are something, and Estar isused to say when you are in somewhere:Eu sou o novo aluno. I am the new student.Eu estou no meu novo carro. I am in my new car.Common Expressions with "to be"to be afraid - ter medo

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to be against - estar contrato be at fault - ter culpato be careful - ter cuidadoto be cold - estar com frioto be curious - ser curioso/ato be happy - estar contenteto be hot - estar com calorto be hungry - estar com fometo be in a hurry - ter pressa, estar com pressato be jealous - ter cimesto be lucky - ter sorteto be patient - ser pacienteto be successful - ter sucessoto be thirsty - estar com sdeto be tired - estar cansado/a7. Question Wordswhat o que* which qual (quais)

who quem howmuch quanto (-a) (-s)

how como howmany

quanto (-a) (-s)

when

quando

whom a quem

where

onde whose de quem

why porque*

The word que always receives the circumflex when it is placed at the end of asentence.Voc est procurando o qu? Youre looking for what?Ele acha isso por qu? (Why) does he think so?8. Numbers0 zero1 um first primeiro2 dois second segundo3 trs third terceiro4 quatro fourth quarto

5 cinco fifth quinto6 seis sixth sexto7 sete seventh stimo8 oito eighth oitavo9 nove ninth nono10 dez tenth dcimo11 onze eleventh dcimo

primeiro/undcimo12 doze twelfth dcimo

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segundo/duodcimo13 treze thirteenth dcimo terceiro14 catorze/quatorze fourteenth dcimo quarto15 quinze fifteenth dcimo quinto16 dezesseis sixteenth dcimo sexto17 dezessete seventeent

hdcimo stimo

18 dezoito eighteenth dcimo oitavo

19 dezenove nineteenth dcimo nono20 vinte twentieth vigsimo21 vinte e um twenty-first vigsimo primeiro22 vinte e dois twenty-

secondvigsimo segundo

30 trinta thirtieth trigsimo40 quarenta fortieth quadragsimo50 cinqenta /

cincoentafiftieth qinquagsimo

60 sessenta sixtieth sexagsimo70 setenta seventieth septuagsimo80 oitenta eightieth octogsimo

90 noventa ninetieth nonagsimo100 cem/cento hundredth centsimo1000

mil thousandth milsimo

If you are just saying 100, you use just cem. If it's over 100, you use cento. So101 is cento e um. And 156 would be cento e cinqenta e seis. The words for16, 17, 18 and 19 are pronounced like dzesseis, dzessete, dzoito and dzenoverespectively. The only numbers that have a feminine form are 1 (um/uma) and2 (dois/duas). All other numbers are masculine.

9. Days of the WeekMonday segunda-feira

Tuesday tera-feiraWednesday quarta-feira

Thursday quinta-feiraFriday sexta-feiraSaturday sbadoSunday domingotday o diaweek a semanaweekend o fim de semana

today hojetomorrow amanh

The days from Monday to Friday have this name because they were calledaccording to the fair (feira) that used to take place in that day a long time ago.A "Feira" is a set of tents pitched in the street where you can buy vegetables,fruits, and other foods.

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10. Months of the YearJanuary janeiroFebruary fevereiroMarch maroApril abrilMay maio

June junhoJuly julho

August agostoSeptember setembroOctober outubroNovember novembroDecember dezembromonth o msthe first of [a month] primeiro de [month]year o anoTo say a specific day of a month, use cardinal and not ordinal numbers. Alsonoticed that the date is written with the day first, and then the month:16/04/2005 - Dezesseis de abril de dois mil e cinco.

11. Seasonsspring primavera autumn outonosummer vero winter inverno

To say in the summer, spring, etc. use na or no and the season. No veromeans in the summer.

12. Directionsnorth norte east lestesouth sul west oeste

northeast nordeste northwest noroestesoutheast sudeste southwest sudoeste13. Colorsred vermelho iolet violetapink rosa brown marromorange laranja dark brown marrom escuroyellow amarelo black pretogreen verde gray cinzablue azul white brancolight blue azul claro gold dourado

purple roxo [rosho] silver prateado14. TimeQue horas so? What time is it? uma hora. It's one.So duas, trs, quatro... horas It's two/three/four... meio dia. It's noon. meio dia e meia* It's half past noon.

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meia noite. It's midnight.So cinco e cinco. It's 5:05So oito e quinze. It's 8:15So quinze para as dez. It's 9:45So dez para as nove. It's 8:50So vinte e cinco para as seis It's 5:35So trs e meia. It's 3:30

You say meio dia e meia because its midday and a half hour (that is feminine).Dont say meio dia e meio, though many people used to say this.15. WeatherComo est o tempo hoje? How's the weather today?Est bonito. The weather's beautiful (nice).Est feio. The weather's ugly (bad).Est frio. It's cold.Est quente. It's hot.Est ensolarado. It's sunny.Est ventando. It's windy.

Est chovendo. It's raining.Est nevando. It's snowing.Est nublado. It's cloudy.16. Prepositionsa at ao lado de besidecom with ao redor de aroundcontra against perto de nearde of, from longe de far fromem in, on em frente a in front of entre between, among em baixo de below, under

cerca de towards, about em frente de oppositepara for, in order, by atrs de behindpor for, through, along,

viaem cima de above

sobre on, over at till, untilsem without desde from, since

The word after the preposition em and de sometimes needs to have the article,so you combine the two words.em + o = no - em + a = na - em + um = num - em + uma = numade + o = do - de + a = da - de + um = dum - de + uma = duma

a + o = ao - a + a = Estou no escritrio. I'm in the office.Ficamos numa fazenda. We stayed at a farm.17. Family & Animals

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18. To Know People & Factsconhecer - to know people, places saber - to know factseu conheo ns conhecemos eu sei ns sabemos

ele/ela

/vocsabeeles/elas/vocssabem

ele/ela/voc conhece

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eles/elas/vocs conhecemConhecer means to be acquainted/familiar with someone or something, and itcannot be used with abstract things or ideas. Saber is to know facts, even ifthose facts involve people or things.Eu sei quem esta pessoa. I know who is this person.Eu sei qual esta cidade. I know which city is this one.Eu conheo esta pessoa. I know this person.Eu conheo esta cidade. I know this city.19. Formation of Plural Nouns1. Words that end in -l : drop the l and put -is if the word does not have an ibefore the l. If it has an e you change it to to make the same sound.pastel (pastry) - pastis2. Words that end in -o : it has no rule. Sometimes you change it to -es or-es, or just add -s, depending on the word. It's better to memorize the pluralwhen you learn the word.corao (heart) - coraesmo (hand) - mos

co (dog) - ces3. Words that end in -s or -z : have no plural form, so the singular and pluralare the same.nibus (bus)culos (glasses)arroz (rice)4. All other words : just add an -s.pra (pear) - prasma (apple) - masguaran (soda) - guarans

20. Possessive AdjectivesSingular Plural

FemMascFe

mminhameu

my

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sminhasMasctuateustuasmeu

your

suaseussuasteu

your/his/her/its

nossa

nossosnos

our

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sasseusuaseussuasnosso

your

your/theirseu dele dela deles delas

The possessive adjectives agree in gender and number with the noun that theydescribe.21. To Do or Makefazer - to do or makeeu fao

ele/ela/voc faznsfazemos

eles/elas/vocs fazem

22. Work & Schooldoctor mdico history histriadentist dentista math matemticalawyer advogado algebra lgebraprofessor professor geometry geometriateacher professor science cinciaengineer engenheiro physics fsicaarchitect arquiteto chemistry qumicawriter escritor zoology zoologia

journalist jornalista botany botnicamusician msico geography geografiapainter pintor music msicapharmacist farmacutico art artebanker bancrio drawing desenhocarpenter carpinteiro painting pinturabarber barbeiro linguistics lingstica

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mechanic mecnico languages lnguas / idiomassalesman vendedorelectrician eletricistapostman carteiropoliceman policialsoldier soldadopilot piloto

secretary secretriatypist digitadornurse enfermeira23. Countries & Nationalities

Masculine(Feminin

e)Nationalit

yalemo(

Germany

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alem)Countryargentino(a)Alemanha

Argentina

AustraliaArgentina

Austrlia australiano(a)

boliviano

(a)

Bolivia

canade

Canada

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nseBolviacolombiano(a)Canad

Columbia

costarriquenho(

a)Colmbi

Costa Rica

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acubano(a)CostaRica

Cuba

chileno(a)Cuba

Chile

chins(a)C

hile

China

dinam

Denmark

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arqus/dinamarquesaChinaequatoriano(a)Dinam

arca

Ecuador

egpc

Egypt

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io(a)Equadorespanhol(a)Egito

Spain

(norte)americano

(a)Espanh

United States

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afrancs(a)EstadosUnidos

France

indiano(a)Frana

India

ing

ls(ingl

England

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esa)/britnico(a)ndiaitaliano(a)Inglaterra

Italy

japons(

Japan

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japonesa)Itliamexicano(a)

Japo

Mexico

noruegus(a)/

noruegues

Norway

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aMxicopolaco(a)/polons(polonesa)Noruega

Poland

po

rtugus/

Portugal

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portuguesaPolniarusso(a)Portugal

Russia

(sul-)afric

ano(a)Rs

South Africa

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siaSwedenfricado Sul

Sucia sueco(a)

24. To / In and Fromto

afrom

inde em

Remember to use the prepositional contractions when a noun with an articlefollows the preposition.

25. To Come & to Govir - to come ir - to goeu venho ns vimos eu vou ns vamosele/ela/voc

vem

eles/elas/vocs

vm

ele/ela/voc

vai

eles/elas/vocs

vo26. Misc. Words

alwaysse

mpre

a lot

verymuchmuito

muitssimo everyday todos os dias

a little pouco now agoravery little pouqussimo usually normalmente,

usualmentesometimes s vezes there a well bem over there aliafter depois too bad muito mal

poorly mal27. Conjugating Regular VerbsVerbs in Portuguese end in -ar, -er or -ir. Before a verb is conjugated, it iscalled the infinitive. Removing the last two letters gives you the stem of theverb (cantar is to sing, cant- is the stem.) To conjugate regular verbs in thepresent tense, add these endings to the stems:-ar verbs -er verbs -ir verbs

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o amos o emos o imoseemeem

a

am

Remember that verbs do not require the subject pronouns, so just canto meansI sing. Here are some more regular verbs:-ar verbs -er verbs -ir verbsdanar to dance aprender to learn convir to conveydesejar to desire comer to eat partir to leaveescutar to listen correr to run imprimir to printestudar to study ler to readfalar to speak vender to sellpraticar to practice beber to drinktomar to take compreender to understandviajar to travel

To make sentences negative, simply put no in front of the verb.

28. Reflexive VerbsThe subject and the object are the same with reflexive verbs - the subject actsupon itself. A reflexive verb in Portuguese will be marked with -se attached tothe end of the infinitive. These verbs are conjugated like regular verbs, exceptthe reflexive pronoun agrees with case and gender and precedes the verbwhen not used in the infinitive form. Reciprocal verbs are the same asreflexive except the action passes from one person to another. It can only beused in the first and third person plural forms. Reflexive verbs sometimes use

the "-self" forms in English, while the reciprocal verbs use "each other."Reflexive Pronouns

mese

nosse

Some common reflexive verbs:deitar-se - to go to bedbanhar-se - to bathe oneselfcasar-se - to get marrieddespedir-se - to farewell

levantar-se - to risesentar-se - to sit downvestir-se - to dress oneselfatrever-se - to darequeixar-se - to complain

29. Object Pronouns

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The object pronouns are used when you're talking about someone orsomething that is not the subject of an action, and are placed together with theverb. If -lo/-la/-los/-las come after a verb in the infinitive, you take off the -r ofthe verb, and put an acute accent ().Object Pronounsme-lo / -la / -lhe

nos-los / -las / -lhes

Vou dizer-lhe a verdade. I will tell you the truth.Vou apresent-lo (inf: apresentar) a voc. I will introduce him to you.In everyday speech you can put the object pronoun in front of the verb, but it'stechnically wrong to write it this way:Me diga se estou certo. Tell me if I'm right.Diga-me se estou certo. Tell me if I'm right.30. Irregular VerbsFor the irregular verbs, you better learn by heart when you learn them. There'sno rule or pattern to follow, but don't be nervous, they are fewer in number

than the regular verbs.dizer - to sayeu digoele/ela/voc diz

ns dizemoseles/elas/vocs dizem

ir - to goeu vouele/ela/voc vai

ns vamoseles/elas/vocs vo

pedir - to askeu peoele/ela/vocpede

ns pedimoseles/elas/vocspedem

31. Impersonal "se"It shows that an action is made by an indefinite person. It's common, but notsimple. You can use other resources to make the same sentence. See the

differences below:Aqui se faz, aqui se paga. Here it's done, here it's paid (Brazilian proverb).O que feito aqui, pago aqui. What is done here, is paid here.Faz-se necessria a mudana. The change is made necessary.Precisamos mudar isso. We need to change it.Quando se saber? When will it be known?Quando saberemos? When will we know?

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32. Preterito PerfeitoThe pretrito perfeito tense (preterite / simple past) expresses an action in thepast. It is used to describe events that are finished or completed. It is formedby adding these endings to the infinitive stem:-ar verbs -er verbs -ir verbs-ei-ou

-amos-aram

-i-eu

-emos-eram

-i-iu

-imos-iram

Vivi em Portugal por dois anos. I lived in Portugal for two years.Eles falaram com as crianas. They spoke with the children.Quem comeu o bolo de chocolate? Who ate the chocolate cake?

33. Preterito ImperfeitoThe pretrito imperfeito tense (imperfect) expresses an action that used tohappen but not anymore (used to) or it expresses an action that washappening at the same time as another action (was + present participle inEnglish). It is formed by adding these endings to the infinitive stem:-ar verbs -er and -ir verbs

-ava-ava -vamos-avam -ia-ia -amos-iam

Eu falava com ela. I used to talk to her / I was talking to her.Eu falava com ela quando ele morreu. I was talking to her when he died.Vivia em Portugal dois anos. I lived in Portugal for two years. (but now I don't)Eles falavam com as crianas. They used to speak with the children.Quem comia bolo de chocolate? Who used to eat chocolate cake?34. Futuro do Presente

The futuro do presente is the simple future tense. All verbs add these endings

to the stem:all verbs

Ela far a lio. She will make the lesson.Vocs dirigiro at sua casa? Will you drive to your house (or home)?Ns deixaremos ele ir. We will let him go.In everyday speech, the future tense is not used. Instead, in Brazil we use theform ir (to go) + infinitive of the verb. See the differences below:Ela vai fazer a lio. She will make the lesson.Vocs vo dirigir at sua casa? Will you drive to your house (or home)?

Ns vamos deixar ele (or deix-lo) ir. We will let him go.

35. Futuro do PreteritoThe futuro do pretrito tense is the conditional tense, and is usually translatedas would + infinitive in English. All verbs add these endings to the stem:all verbs-ria-ria

-ramos-riam

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Eu a amaria. I would love her.Vocs comeriam o tomate? Would you eat the tomato?Ns partiramos mais cedo. We would leave earlier.

36. Food & Mealsbreakfast caf da manh /

desjejumtablecloth toalha de mesa

lunch almoo napkin guardanaposupper ceia fork garfodinner jantar knife facameal refeio spoon colherfood comida plate, dish pratobread po glass coporoll po francs (or

mdia)cup taa

butter manteiga salt salmeat carne saltshaker saleiro

fish peixe pepper pimentavegetables vegetais (verduras /legumes)

pepper shaker pimenteiro

fruit fruta sugar acarcheese queijo sugar bowl aucareirocrackers bolacha vinegar vinagrecandy doce coffeepot cafeteirasandwich sanduche teapot buleice cream sorvete tray bandeja

Verduras are all kind of leaves (like lettuce) and legumes are all other

vegetables (like tomato, potato, etc.)37. GostarIn Portuguese, one who likes literally likes of something, so you need to use thepreposition de (and the appropriate definite article if needed) after the verbgostar. Gostar plus a noun means to like something. Literally, it means toplease and takes an indirect object, so the construction of the sentence will bedifferent than that of English.Eu gosto de I like Ns gostamos de we likeEle/ela/voc gosta

de

he/she/you

like

Eles/elas/vocs gostam

de

they/you

like

Eu gosto de flores. I like flowers. (Note: If you like specific flowers, you say: Eugosto das flores or Eu gosto destas flores)Eu gosto da casa. We like the house.No gosto (disso). I don't like it.Voc gosta (disso)? Do you like it?

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38. Fruits, Vegetables & Meatsapple ma lettuce alface ham presunto

orange laranja cabbage couve bacon bacon /toucinho

banana banana cauliflower

couve-flor

chicken frango

grapefruit toranja aspargus aspargo turkey peru

lemon limo spinach espinafre lobster lagosta

peach pssego tomato tomate water gua

fig figo bean feijo soda refrigerante

grape uva rice arroz wine vinho

pear pra carrot cenoura pork porco

plum amora turnip nabo pancake panqueca

cherry cereja onion cebola corn milho

pineapple abacaxi cucumber pepino sauce molho

melon melo artichoke alcachofra

pasta macarro

watermelon melancia eggplant berinjela* beet beterraba

strawberry morango radish rabanete egg ovoraspberry framboes

abroccoli brcolis cake bolo

blackberry jaboticaba

pepper pimenta pie torta

beef bife garlic alho ice cream sorvetesausage salsicha potato batata passion

fruitmaracuj

Eggplant is beringela in Portugal.

39. To Drinkbeber - to drink tomar - to drink bebobebe

bebemosbebem

tomotoma

tomamostomam

When you use beber, it usually refers to alcohol, but there's no problem if youspecify the drink after the verb. You can also say tomar o desjejum - to havethe breakfast, but never say tomar o almoo or tomar o jantar. For this purposewe have the verbs almoar - to have lunch and jantar - to have dinner.

40. CommandsTo form the imperative/command forms, add these endings after the stem:-eror

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-irverbs-a-arverbs

ele/ela/voc

eles/elas/vocs-e

-em -am

Fale! = Speak!Coma! = Eat!No coma! = Don't eat!Ir and ser have irregular forms as formal commands: v and vo for ir and sejaand sejam for ser.

41. More Negatives

To make sentences negative, you place no before the verb. Other negativesmay precede or follow the verb, but if they follow, they must follow a negativeverb (a double negative). The word order is no + verb + negative. Example:Ele no gosta de nada! He doesnt like anything!nada nothing, (not) anythingningum nobody, (not) anybodynenhum(a) no, nonetampouco neither, eithernem nornem...nem neither... nor

nem sequer not evennunca, jamais never, ever

Nunca means ever when it follows a comparative; jamais means ever when itfollows an affirmative verb.

42. Holiday Phrases

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Feliz Natal

Merry

Christmas

Feliz Ano Novo

H

appyNew

Y

ear

Feliz Pscoa

Feliz AniversrioHappyEaster

Happy Birthday

Brazilian National Anthemby Osrio Duque EstradaOuviram do Ipiranga smargens plcidasDe um povo herico o bradoretumbanteE o sol da liberdade em raiosflgidosBrilhou no cu da ptria nesseinstanteSe o penhor desta igualdadeConseguimos conquistar combraos fortes

It was heard from the calm borders of theIpiranga (river)

The loud scream from a heroic peopleAnd the sun of liberty in light raysShone in the sky of the land in that instantIf the gift of the equalityWith strong arms we could conquerIn thy breast, oh libertyChallenges our breast to our own deathO beloved land, worshiped, save save!Brazil, a living ray of an intense dream

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Em teu seio, liberdadeDesafia o nosso peito prpriamorte ptria amada, idolatrada,salve salve!Brasil, de um sonho intenso umraio vvidoDe amor e de esperana terradesceSe em teu formoso cu risonhoe lmpidoA imagem do CruzeiroresplandeceGigante pela prpria naturezas belo, s forte, impvidocolossoSe em teu futuro espelha essagrandeza ptria amadaEntre outras mil s tu Brasil, ptria amadaDos filhos deste solo s megentilPtria amada, Brasil!

Deitado eternamente em beroesplndidoAo som do mar e luz do cuprofundoFulguras, Brasil, floro daAmricaIluminado ao sol do novomundoDo que a terra, mais garrida!

Teus risonhos lindos campostm mais floresNossos bosques tm mais vida!Nossa vida em teu seio maisamores ptria amada, idolatrada,salve salve!Brasil, de um sonho eterno sejasmboloO lbaro que ostentas

estreladoE diga ao verde-louro destaflmulaPaz no futuro e glria nopassadoMas se ergues da justia aclava forteVers que um filho teu nofoge luta

Of love and hope comes down to the earthIf in thy beautiful and clear sky

The image of the Cruzeiro (group of stars)appearsGiant for its own nature

Thou art beautiful, strong and hugeIf in thy future is shown this grandiosityO beloved landAmong other thousand, thou art Brazil

Thou art kind mother of the children of thislandO beloved land Brazil!

Lying forever in a rich cradleHearing the sound of the sea and seeing thedeep blue of thy sky

Thou art blessed o Brazil, flower of AmericaAnd lighten by the sun of the new worldOur land has more fruits

Thy fields has more flowersOur forests has more livesOur lives in thy breast have more loveO beloved land, worshiped, save save!Brazil, be the symbol of a great dream

The starful flag that thou hangstAnd tell to the deep green of this flagPeace in the future and glory in the pastBut if thou rises the clave of justice

You'll see that no child of yours leaves thebattleAnd who loves you has no fear even deathBeloved land!Among other thousand, thou art Brazil

Thou art kind mother of the children of thislandO beloved land Brazil!

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Nem teme quem te adora aprpria morte

Terra adoradaEntre outras mil s tu Brasil, ptria amadaDos filhos deste solo s megentilPtria amada, Brasil!Portuguese National AnthemHeris do mar, nobre povo,Nao valente, e imortal,Levantai hoje de novoO esplendor de Portugal!Entre as brumas da memria, Ptria sente-se a vozDos teus egrgios avs,Que h-de guiar-te vitria!

s armas, s armas!Sobre a terra, sobre o mar,s armas, s armas!Pela Ptria lutarContra os canhes marchar, marchar!

Desfralda a invicta Bandeira, luz viva do teu cu!Brade a Europa terra inteira:Portugal no pereceu

Beija o solo teu jucundoO Oceano, a rugir d'amor,E teu brao vencedorDeu mundos novos ao Mundo!

s armas, s armas!Sobre a terra, sobre o mar,s armas, s armas!Pela Ptria lutarContra os canhes marchar, marchar!

Saudai o Sol que despontaSobre um ridente porvir,Seja o eco de uma afrontaO sinal do ressurgir.Raios dessa aurora forteSo como beijos de me,Que nos guardam, nos sustm,

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Contra as injrias da sorte.

s armas, s armas!Sobre a terra, sobre o mar,s armas, s armas!Pela Ptria lutarContra os canhes marchar, marchar!