8.11C – Explore how short and long term environmental changes affect organisms

and traits in subsequent populations

Watch and Think https://www.youtube.com/embed/ysa5OBhXz-

Q?feature=player_embedded

What are your thoughts now?

If organisms (a biotic factor) can

influence an ecosystem, can an abiotic

factor, or factors do the same?

In your science journals draw a Venn Diagram to compare…

Short Term Long Term

Now I need help…

Venn Diagram Words to use

1. Climate Change2. Drought3. Hurricane4. Can cause extinction5. Can recover from change in a short time6. Floods7. Can cause permanent change to ecosystem8. Ice Age9. Volcanic eruptions10. Can cause the genes of an organism to change11. Can cause the genes of an entire population to change12. Forest Fire

Venn Diagram Words - Answers

1. Climate Change-LT2. Drought- LT3. Hurricane-ST4. Can cause extinction-LT5. Can recover from change in a short time-ST6. Floods-ST7. Can cause permanent change to ecosystem-LT8. Ice Age-LT9. Volcanic eruptions-LT10. Can cause the genes of an organism to change-ST11. Can cause the genes of an entire population to

change-LT12. Forest Fire- Both, depends on the severity and effects

on populations.

How do organisms change?

Adaptations Adaptations – are structures or

behaviors that increase an organism’s ability to survive in a given environment

Changes in the environment can affect survival of individual organisms and entire species.

Individual organisms live or die according to their inherited adaptations

Extinction occurs when species are unable to adapt to environmental changes

Big Science Idea

Individual organisms live or die; only species (populations)

adapt!

How did scientists learn about evolution? Evolutionary thought, the conception that species

change over time, has roots in antiquity, in the ideas of the ancient Greeks, Romans and Chinese. As well as medieval Islamic science.

Premier scientists were:

In the early 19th century, Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

1858 Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace published a new evolutionary theory that was explained in detail in Darwin's On the Origin of Species.

Darwin proposed a theory was based on the idea of natural selection

Darwin’s Voyage In December 1831, Charles

Darwin set sail from England on a five year trip around the world

Darwin’s observations of plants and animals along the way led him to develop the theory of evolution by natural selection

Voyage of the Beagle

Galapagos Islands In 1835, the Beagle reached

the Galapagos Islands

He noticed similarities and differences between organisms on the island and on the mainland

Darwin Reaches the Galapagos

Similarities and DifferencesMarine Iguanas of the Galapagos

• Large claws for gripping slippery rocks, eat seaweeds

Green iguanas in South America

• Smaller claws for climbing trees, eat leaves

Adaptations Darwin studied the different

finches on the island

He noticed that each species had a different beak shape, which related to the type of food it ate

Beak shape is an adaptation

Adaptations are structures or behaviors that increase an organism’s ability to survive

Darwin’s Finches

Natural Selection The process by which individuals that are better

adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce than other members of the same species

Darwin identified factors that affect natural selection:

Overproduction

Competition

Variation

Overproduction Most species produce far more offspring than can

possibly survive

There would not be enough resources for all of them

Ex. Sea Turtles lay more than 100 eggs

Competition The members of a species

must compete with each other to survive

Life in the wild is competitive, organisms with the most beneficial traits will prosper. This is commonly known as “Survival of the Fittest”

VariationsAny difference between

individuals of the same species

Ex. Some newly hatched turtles are able to swim faster than others

Every species exhibits variation

Selection Darwin observed that some variations make

individuals better adapted to their environment

Those individuals are more likely to survive and reproduce

If their offspring inherit the trait, they will be more likely to survive and reproduce

After many generations, more members of the species will have the helpful trait

In effect, the environment has “selected” organisms with helpful traits to be the parents of the next generation

Selection Cont. Darwin proposed that over a period of time, natural

selection can lead to change.

Helpful variations gradually accumulate in a species, while unfavorable ones disappear

A change in environmental conditions can affect an organism’s ability to survive, and therefore lead to selection

Survival determines if a trait is favorable!

The Role of Genes in Natural Selection

Only traits that are inherited can be acted upon by natural selection

How might new species form? Geographic isolation – when some members of a

species become cut off from the rest of the species

A new species might form when a group of individuals remains separated from the rest of its species long enough to accumulate different traits

Geographic isolation may have occurred on a worldwide scale during continental drift

Underwater Masters of Disguise

New study! Lizards evolution shorter than thought possible:

http://www.utexas.edu/news/2014/10/23/anole-lizards-evolution-florida/?utm_source=facebook&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=UTAustinSocial

Environmental Changes Human impacts cab also cause changes in

environmental conditions:

Pollution

Acid rain

Deforestation

Climate changes

Succession

Why does it matter if we change the world?

Human impact can harm our world and it can be irreversible.

We are dependent on our planet in ways that we are often unaware of.

Can anyone name a “dependence” we have?

8.11D Recognize human dependence on ocean systems and explain how human

activities such as runoff, artificial reefs, or use of resources have modified these

systems

Humans both depend on it and threaten it with their activities

Oceans

Water covers nearly ¾ of the Earth’s surface

More than 50% of the world’s population lives within an hour of the coast

Oceans play a role in both climate and day to day weather

Human dependence on oceans The ocean is our life support system, giving us more

than half of the oxygen we breathe, regulating climate, and providing valuable resources

How is marine life dependent on oceans systems?

The amount of sunlight, wave action, water temperature, water pressure, salinity levels and pH levels are important to maintain marine populations

Human activities modify the ocean

Critical Ocean Issues:

Overfishing

Sea Temperature Rise

Marine Pollution

Ocean Acidification

Marine Habitat Destruction

Sea Level Rise

Marine Invasive Species

To reverse the “tide” What can we do?

“Even if you never have the chance to see or touch the ocean, the ocean touches you with every breath you take, every drop of water you drink, every bite you consume.

What does this quote mean? How are we all connected to the ocean?

*HW – watch videos

Everyone, everywhere is inextricably connected to and utterly dependent upon the existence of the sea.” ~ Sylvia Earle (oceanographer)

HW –1. Watch video2. Print project packet

Watch the video listed under today’s date on my website (unit 3 – Ecology) and answer these questions -

Write down these questions now:

1. How did listening to Silvia Earle’s message make you feel?

2. What does Silvia Earle wish?