80s decade

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Cultural 20th Century Revisited

» The Eighties

Catarina Santos | Cátia Mota | Daniela Sousa | Ivo Pinto | Jéssica Pereira

Escola Secundária de Santa Maria da Feira

English – 12th grade

May 2014

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Index

Introduction Politics/Economy Science Technology Yuppie Culture Cinema Tv Events Music Sport Slang Toys / Games Fashion Architecture Dance Painting Conclusion Biblioweb


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Introduction

The 80s brought about a lot of changes in comparison to the previous decades! There were different music styles, different slang, fashion, movies, which made the 80s completely unique while being gnarly. This decade totally deserves this project work and all the research we did as there were too many little treasures hidden and forgotten! So, this essay is our way of honoring it!


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Politics/Economy

Ronald Reagan

In 1980, Ronald Reagan emerged victorious from a campaign for president of the United States, something that was thought to be impossible. Reagan advocated cutting taxes and the size of government and a positive stance against the rival of the United States in the Cold War, the Soviet Union. With this, most politicians considered unthinkable that Ronald could win, because he was competing against President

Jimmy Carter, in which the latter complains incessantly, but Ronald Reagan with his speech, begins to gain more supporters, causing that most Americans began to gain confidence in it. Reagan never hesitated to come face to face with the nation's problems and it was thanks to this that made won, making its victory into something memorable.

WAR ON DRUGS

War on Drugs is a term applied to a campaign made in America which prohibited the drugs, military aid and military intervention with the aim of reducing illegal drug trade.

Cold War

The cold war was a long period of tension between the democracies of the Western World and the communist countries of Eastern Europe. The West was led by US and Eastern Europe was led by Soviet Union. There two countries became known as “superpowers”. Although, these two superpowers never declared officially war on each other (that’s the reason of the term “cold”), they just fought indirectly in proxy wars (Vietnam, Afghanistan, and Korea), arms race and space race. Proxy wars were the wars that happened in other countries and those two superpowers supported different sides. The superpowers tried to fight demonstrating the power they had in technology, for example, who had


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the best weapons and the most nuclear bombs and who could accomplish certain space missions first.

Berlin Wall

«The Berlin Wall was a Symbol, a Symbol of unworkable system economic decline surveillance and oppression totalitarianism. Its rise and fall represents an important chapter in the political history of the world»

The Fall of the Berlin wall

On 13th August in 1961, East German authorities began construction of what they called the "Anti-Fascist Protection Rampart". In the West their little construction project was dubbed "The Berlin Wall". Built in order to keep their citizens from defecting to West Germany and beyond The Berlin Wall came to symbolize the deep divide between communist East and capitalist Western Europe and seemed like it would be there forever.

In the waning days of the 80s however cracks began to emerge in the armor of the Soviet satellite states in the East. The USSR (The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) no longer had the financial ability nor the political will to impose itself militarily on uncooperative Eastern Bloc nations. In August of 1989 Hungary effectively opened its border with Austria. When East Germans heard of this they fled en masse to Hungary and from there to freedom in the West via Austria. While some attempts were made to stop the flow of East Germans the genie was out of the bottle and no amount of backpedaling was going to put it back in.


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Bowing to increasing pressure from within East Germany's leaders decided on 9th November to allow its citizens to legally pass through crossing points to the West. This change was supposed to take effect on 17th November to allow officials time to figure out how to handle the expected outflow in a controlled manner, but the announcement was botched by an East German official who stated on the 9th that the changes were to take effect immediately. Upon hearing this thousands of East Germans gathered at various checkpoints demanding to be let through. Confused and overwhelmed border guards had no clue how to handle this human tide and, with no guidance coming from the top, eventually decided the best thing to do was to just open the gates, which they did. It signaled the beginning of the end of East Germany and set in motion events that just two short years later would lead to the collapse of the Soviet Union itself.

Of all the political events that took place during the 1980s the fall of the Berlin Wall was the most dramatic. The West had won the cold war and the people of Eastern

Europe were finally free to take back their future.

Economic Recession

The USA experienced a large economic recession in late 1981 and 1982. Bankruptcy rate rose 50% compared to the early 1981 and farmers were hit hard as exports declined, crop prices fell a lot and interest rate became higher! The main cause of this recession was the contractionary monetary policy in order to control inflation.

(Monetary policy is the process of taking control of the money and organizing economic goals for the year.)

There was an oil crisis in 1973 and an energy crisis in 1979 that definitely contributed to the length and gravity of this serious economic recession!

Unemployment rate started rising sharply in 1975 but thereafter declined gradually until May 1979. But it rose back achieving 6.9% in April 1980 and 7.5% at May 1980. But the peak of this economic recession was in November and December of 82 when Unemployment rate hit 10.4%, the highest value since the 30s!


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Robert Mugabe

Robert Mugabe was an important revolutionary and politician of his country, Zimbabwe. He became one of the main oppressors of the government of that time, being elected prime minister, head of government in 1980, and served in the post until 1987 when he became the country's first executive head of state. Mugabe got all this thanks to the fact that it was considered a

hero for many Africans, at war's end in 1979, and also after calling for reconciliation between the former belligerents, including white Zimbabweans and rival political parties. When he was declared executive president by parliament, combining the roles of head of state, head of government, and commander-in-chief of the armed forces, with powers to dissolve parliament and declare martial law, Mugabe consolidated his power in December 1987.

The Olimpic Games boycotts

The Olympics were prevented from performing in various countries for many reasons during the 80s. In 1980, as a protest against the invasion of the Soviet Union in Afghanistan, U.S. President Jimmy Carter issued a boycott of the games and several nations joined this done, where the Olympic Games took place in Moscow. Only 80 countries participated in the Moscow games. In 1984, it was the turn of the Soviet Union boycotting the Olympic Games that were to be held in Los Angeles in the United States, citing lack of security for the athletes as their official reason, having considered this decision as a response to the United States-issued led boycott against the Moscow Olympics four years earlier. In 1988, North Korea boycotted the Olympic Summer Games 1988 in Seoul. Albania, Cuba, Ethiopia, Madagascar, Nicaragua, Seychelles also did not attend the games for several reasons.

Science Catarina Santos | Cátia Mota | Daniela Sousa | Ivo Pinto | Jéssica Pereira

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1980» The hepatitis-B vaccine was created.

1981» Many homosexuals became infected by AIDS that was suspected to be a strange form of cancer that was highly contagious and fatal (AIDS).

Gerd Karl Binning and Heinrich Rohrer invented the scanning tunneling microscope.

1982» Liposuction Surgery: There were some similar ideas to liposuction in the previous decades but most of the experiments performed were unsuccessful with undesirable results.

Artificial Heart Transplant Surgery: Bamey Clark was the first recipient of artificial heart. After the transplant, Clark lived for more 112 days.

It was genetically engineered the Human growth hormone.

1983» HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) was discovered by Dr. Luc Montagnier , a French scientist. The first cases were found in homosexuals and AIDS became to be known as a Gay Syndrome.

1984» At 6 years old, Stormie Jones received an organ transplant performed by an expert, Dr. Thomas Starlz.

1985» Farman Gardiner and Shanklin, scientists, detected near the Antarctic region the first hole in the Ozone layer.

Willem J. Kolff invented Artificial kidney dialysis.


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1986» The Pasteur Institute in France developed the AIDS test. Though, the National Cancer Institute filed for patent rights of the AIDS test kit before the Pasteur Institute. NCI was accused of breaching contract terms and sharing samples and information provide by PI.

G. Gregory Gallico III invented synthetic skin.

1987» Prozac, a drug that helps the battle against depression became available as a prescription drug.

Two occipital craniopagus twins were separated in Germany.

Disposable Contact Lenses: Vistakon invented the contact lens.

Three-way Heart and Lung Transplant: Clinton House needed new lungs as his had been destroyed by cystic fibrosis, a hereditary condition. He received a heart and lungs of other person (an accident victim). As his heart was healthy, it was transplanted to a third person, John Couch.

1988» The abortion pill (RU-486) was invented.

1989» The Human Genome Project was initiated.

The case of PGD (Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis) was conducted successfully.


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Technology

1980» The first IBM-PC was invented.

1981» MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System) was created. It was the most commonly used member of the DOS family of operating systems and it was the chief operating system for IBM PC, until it was gradually outdated by operating systems offering a GUI.

1983» The Apple Lisa was designed. It was the first personal computer to use a GUI (graphical user interface to a computer.) It included a drop-down menu bar, windows, multiple tasking, a hierachal file system, the ability to copy and paste, icons, folders and a mouse.Steve Jobs invested $50 million to develop the Lisa and $100 million to write the software and the crazy fact is that just were sold 10, 000 units.

MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) technology was made public. The MIDI allows the connecton and relation of a variety of electronic musical instruments.

1984» The CD-ROM was developed.

The Apple Macintosh was devised.

1985» Windows program was invented by Microsoft, which is used by many computers nowadays all around the world.

The Clapper was created. The Clapper is an electronic gadget to turn on and off electronic devices without having to get “out of the couch” . The sign was specific: two claps. The first Clapper being sold was in September 1st 1986.

1986» Fuji introduced the disposable camera.

The first laptop was built so that people could carry it easier.

1987» The first 3-D video game (Gameboy) was released in Japan, but not in color.

1988» Digital cellular phones were conceived.

1989» High-definition television was created.


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Yuppie Culture

Yuppies are young professionals who lived in urban or suburban areas. The term “yuppie” is the result from three words “young, urban and professional”. Studies have been done since the end of the 60s, even though just in the 80s the word started to being used. Later there were variations of the word, such as “buppies” (black urban professionals) and “guppies” (gay urban professionals). Yuppies ages were usually between 25 and 30 and they were all well-paid professionals’ workers with positions that may have had benefits. They might not have children so that they could live with other possibilities, with well-appointed houses or apartments, nice cars, good food and other luxuries. They worked hard to achieve the top positions in the class system. In some communities “yuppie” is used in a pejorative way, like a stereotype.

Ronald Reagan was, in part, the responsible for this ideologically changes between the young adults. With the diminution of the builds of the government, the diminution of the taxes and with the great economic growth, people changed their mentalities and way of living. They started to focus on themselves and in theirs satisfactions increasing the consumerism. Yuppies are more conservative than the previous generation, the hippies. They tend to valorize the new trends, material things, for example new imported cars, new gadgets, etc. Their lifestyle rhythm was stressful and could give into exhaustion. They changed frequently their residence most of the times because of their jobs and family issues. According to a stereotype there is an informality between them even though there were activities they all tended to do for example playing golf, tenis, eating sushi and drinking cocktails.

Nowadays it’s still possible that the Yuppie lifestyle remains, as some people are still obsessed with work, money and social position.


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Cinema

The 70s brought lots of innovations and new trends and in the 80s films were less experimental and original, but with new special effects techniques, introducing the “high-concept” films.

The 80s were a decade with significant movies and some of them became what could be called the “classics”. Those movies covered many genres for example science-fiction, thriller, fantasy, drama, westerns, horror, comedies, sequels, action, etc

The most popular movies of this decade were:

Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back

Year: 1980Genres: action, science-fiction, adventure Director: Irvin Kershner Writers: screenplay : Leigh Brackett; Lawrence Kasdan

story : George Lucas Stars: Mark Hamill ; Harrison Ford ; Carrie Fisher

Raiders of the Lost Ark

Year: 1981Genres: action, adventureDirector: Steven Spielberg Writers: screenplay: Lawrence Kasdan

story : George Lucas, Philip KaufmanStars: Harrison Ford ;Karen Allen ; Paul Freeman

E.T.

Year: 1982Genres: adventure, family, fantasy Director: Steven Spielberg Writer: Melissa MathisonStars: Henry Thomas ; Drew Barrymore ; Peter Coyote


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Beverly Hills Cop

Year: 1984Genres: action, comedy, crime Director: Martin Brest Writers: screenplay: Daniel Petrie Jr.

story: Daniel Petrie Jr.; Danilo BachStars: Eddie Murphy ; Judge Reinhold ; John Ashton

Back to the future

Year: 1985Genres: adventure; comedy; sci-fiDirector: Robert Zemeckis Writers: Bob Gale; Robert ZemeckisStars: Michael J. Fox ; Christopher Lloyd ; Lea Thompson

Dirty Dancing

Year: 1987Genres: drama, music, romanceDirector: Emile ArdolinoWriter: Eleanor Bergstein Stars: patrick swayze ; Jennifer Grey ; Jerry Orbach

The Little Mermaid

Year: 1989Genres: animation ; fantasy ; family Director: Ron Clements; John MuskerWriters: John Musker ; Ron Clements

Fairy tail : Hans Christian AndersonStars: Jodi Benson ; Samuel E.Wright ; Rene

Auberjonois


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Steven Spielberg and Tim Burton are two of the most important contributors to the eighties movies. They are both directors but they are really different in their films genres.

Steven Spielberg

Born in 1946 in America, Steven Spielberg is a film director, screenwriter, producer and business magnate. His career has more than four decades and all of them with lots of success. His early movies (basically science-fiction and adventure) were seen as models of modern Hollywood blockbuster filmmaking. Later his films began approaching humanitarian issues like the Holocaust, slave trade, war and terrorism. He is also the principal partner of DreamWorks movie studio.

Some films with his contribution: Raiders of the lost Ark, E.T., Indiana Jones and the Temple of the Doom, the Color Purple, Empire of the Sun, Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade, Jurassic Park, Minority Report, Catch Me If You Can, Lincoln, The Sugarland Express, etc.

Tim Burton

The film director, producer, artist, writer, poet and stop motionartist born in 1958 in America. Tim Burton is known for using a dark, gothic, ghoulish and idiosyncratic horror and fantasy films such as Beetlejuice, Edward Scissorhands, The Nightmare Before Christmas, Ed Wood, Sleepy Hollow, Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street, Dark Shadows and Frankeweenie and for some blockbusters like Pee-wee’s Big Adventure, Batman, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and Alice in the Wonderland. He also uses recurring collaborators on his films and the most important one is Johnny Depp, who became a close friend since the beginning.


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TV

The 80s were a time of revolution in television. Instead of having three basic channels (ABC, CBS and NBC) to watch now there was cable television that turned possible to have more than 200 channels. ABC, CBS and NBC lost their monopoly on what Americans viewed because now there were many other channel possibilities. There was an explosive growth of the video gaming industry and the television industry had to caption the attention of TV viewers that were basically young children, so they started to put more advertisings related with their age. Television began appealing to our baser instincts. They began to produce shows that would show what really people would like to see.

These are some of them:

The Bold and the Beautiful (Debut: 23/03/1987)

The story takes place in Los Angeles and portrays a family who runs a fashion company, Forrester Creations. Listed in the cast are actors as Susan Flannery, John McCook, Katherine Kelly Lang and Ronn Moss.

The Simpsons (Debut: 17/12/1989)

The Simpsons is an American series of animated sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company. It is a satirical series about the lifestyle of the middle class. The series takes place in the city of Springfield, and lampoons American culture and society, television and many aspects of the human condition.


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The David Letterman Show (Debut: 23/06/1980)

The David Letterman Show is a live morning NBC talk show hosted by David Letterman. A precursor to 1982's Late Night with David Letterman, the show was a critical success but the edgy comedy did not go over well with morning television watchers, more used to talk shows, soap operas, game shows… After some time, the show was renamed to “Late Night with David Letterman”. Currently, the show is hosted by Jimmy Fallon, so the show is called “Late Night with Jimmy Fallon”.

MTV (Music Television)

MTV was launched on August the first of 1981 in New York City. Just a few people saw this happening. And why? First of all, you had to have cable television. Second, the cable company you had should have add MTV as a channel and third, you should live in a neighborhood that had cable television available. Those are the reasons why most people did not have the ability to watch MTV in the 80s. But just because they couldn’t see it doesn’t mean they didn’t know it and couldn’t be influenced by it. The programming that opened the MTV was “Ladies and Gentlemen, Rock & Roll” followed by the network’s power-chord-fueled guitar riff theme that soon became familiar. For almost all 80s decade MTV was a force to be reckoned with, influencing the pop music in the world for example “The Police”, “Michael Jackson” and “Bon Jovi” , etc.

MTV important programs of this decade:

120 minutes, Club MTV, Head’banger Ball, MTV Unplugged, Yo! MTV Raps, Remote Control, Video Music Awards.

Events


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_show

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late_Night_with_David_Letterman

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1980

Assassinations/Deaths:

John Lennon

John Lennon, lead vocalist from the Beatles, was shot dead by Mark Chapman on December 8, in New York City. The murderer later pleaded "not guilty" by stating insanity as the reason.

Lennon's killer reveals motive

John Lennon's murderer Mark Chapman has told that he killed the legendary Beatle to "steal" his fame. Chapman

never apologised to the panel for gunning Lennon down, but he said he deserved to be in jail because of the "pain and suffering" he had caused. Chapman told the parole board he had planned the killing for three months and considered murdering other famous people, those he thought were "phonies". But after shooting Lennon he was disarmed by a doorman and then waited for the police to arrive.

Bon Scott

On 19 February 1980, Bon Scott passed out after a night of heavy drinking in a London club. He was left to sleep in a Renault 5 owned by an acquaintance named Alistair Kinnear. The following afternoon, Kinnear found Scott lifeless, and alerted the authorities. Scott was rushed to the hospital, where he was pronounced dead on arrival. It has been contended that pulmonary aspiration of vomit was the cause of Scott's death, but the official cause was listed

on the death certificate as "acute alcohol poisoning" and classified as "death by misadventure".

Egyptian President, Anwar Sadat is assassinated

On 6th October, the Egyptian President Anwar Sadat was shot to death by Islamic militants at a military parade celebrating the eighth anniversary of Egypt’s crossing of the Suez Canal at the start of the Yom Kippur War.


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The assassination occurred when a truck carrying army Officer Khalid Islambouli stopped in front of the president’s reviewing stand, Islambouli began hurling grenades toward Sadat and three other extremists fired indiscriminately into the crowd, killing Sadat and 11 others. President Sadat was targeted by Islamic extremists primarily for his dealings with Israel. He had become a national hero in 1973 for launching a surprise attack against Israel in Sinai Peninsula, but his decision to sign a peace treaty with Israel in 1979 made him a pariah in the Arab world.

Sadat received numerous reports of assassination plots against him and cracked down on extremists and his opponents in the government, though he did not strongly target the military. After his death, hundreds of extremists were arrested and his assassins were executed.

Disasters:

Two successive earthquakes in Algeria claimed 3,500 lives. Over 9,000 were injured and 3,000 were killed by a powerful

earthquake in Italy.

1981

Assasinations/Deaths:

Bob Marley

Bob Marley died in 1981, officially due to malignant melanoma, a dangerous type of cancer that was found on his toe.

Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan

The attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan occurred on March 30, 1981. While leaving a speaking engagement at the Washington Hilton Hotel in Washington, D.C., President Reagan and three others were shot and wounded by John Hinckley, Jr.


http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/on-this-day/March/Sadat-and-Begin-Sign-Israel-Egypt-Peace-Treaty.html

http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/on-this-day/March/Sadat-and-Begin-Sign-Israel-Egypt-Peace-Treaty.html

http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/1006.html#article

http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/1006.html#article

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Ronald Reagan was shot in the chest and in the lower right arm. He suffered a punctured lung and heavy internal bleeding, but prompt medical attention allowed him to recover quickly.

Attempted assassination of the Pope

The first attempted assassination of Pope John Paul II took place on Wednesday, 13 May 1981, in St. Peter's Square at Vatican City. The Pope was shot and wounded by Mehmet Ali Ağca while he was entering the square. The Pope was struck four times, and suffered severe blood loss. Ağca was apprehended immediately, and later sentenced to life in prison by an Italian court. The Pope later forgave Ağca for the assassination attempt.

Disasters:

Two successive earthquakes in Iran killed 3,000 and 1,500 people, respectively

1982


Grace Kelly

On September 13, 1982, while driving with her daughter, Stéphanie, to Monaco from their country home, Roc Agel, on the French side of the border, Kelly suffered a stroke, which caused her to drive her car off the serpentine road down a mountainside. Grace was pulled alive from the wreckage, but had suffered serious injuries and was unconscious. She died the following day at the Monaco Hospital, having never regained consciousness; she was 52 years old. It was initially reported that Princess Stéphanie suffered only minor bruising, although it later emerged that she had suffered a serious cervical fracture.

Disasters:

1,500 people lost their lives as an earthquake hit Yemen


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1983

Disasters:

An earthquake in Turkey claimed 1,200 lives

1984


Indira Gandhi

Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi was assassinated on October 31 by her own bodyguards. On 31 October 1984, two of Gandhi's bodyguards, Satwant Singh and Beant Singh, shot her with their service weapons in the garden of the Prime Minister's. The shooting occurred as she was walking past a wicket gate guarded by Satwant and Beant.

Disasters:

Large-scale chemical disaster in Bhopal, India on December 3 claimed over 2,000 lives overnight. Almost 13,000 others passed away later due to gas-related diseases. Several thousands are still suffering from permanent disabilities till date.

1985

Disasters:

A shocking total of 25,000 people died due to a volcanic eruption in Columbia.

10,000 lives were lost due to a cyclone in Bangladesh. Mexico City was struck by an earthquake of 8.1 magnitude on the

Richter scale, leaving more than 9,000 dead.


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1986


Olof Palme

The Swedish Prime Minister, Olof Palme was shot dead on the night of February 28, in Stockholm, when he and his wife were walking back from a cinema. He was famous as one of the few political figures who would walk freely without any security or entourage. The case of his murderer has several theories but remains unsolved till date.

Disasters:

The Chernobyl disaster was a catastrophic nuclear accident that occurred on 26 April 1986 at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in Ukraine, which was under the direct jurisdiction of the central authorities of the Soviet Union. An explosion and fire released large quantities of radioactive particles into the atmosphere, which spread over much of the western USSR and Europe.The Chernobyl disaster is the worst nuclear power plant accident in history in terms of cost and resulting deaths and is one of only two classified as a level 7 event (the maximum classification) on the International Nuclear Event Scale. During the accident itself 31 people died, and long-term effects such as cancers and deformities are still being accounted for.

Space Shuttle Challenger explodes after take-off

The Space Shuttle Challenger accident occurred in the 28 th January of 1986. Only after 73 seconds of the take-off the Challenger exploded and all of the 7 members of the crew on board died. All of the pieces of the spacecraft landed in the Atlantic Ocean. The death of the entire crew wasn´t really the explosion, it was the severe impact with the ocean. After this disaster, the program of creation of spacecrafts was stopped for 32 months.


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1987

Disasters:

Typhoon Nina devastated Philippines, submerging 14 islands and killing 1,000 people.

In August, a Northwestern Airlines jet crashed before it even took off from the runway, killing all 156 on board except a four-year-old girl. A fault with the plane's flaps is believed to have caused the crash.

193 died as a ferry capsized in Belgium outside Port of Zeebrugge. Shockingly, only 100-feet away from the shore, the ferry sunk in a matter of seconds.

1988


Enzo Ferrari

Enzo Ferrari died on August 14, 1988 in Maranello at the age of 90. No cause of death was given, but Mr. Ferrari was known to have suffered from kidney disease.

Disasters:

Spitak earthquake in Armenia claimed a staggering 25,000 lives. One of the worst heat waves struck US with the death toll ranging

between 5,000 to 10,000.

1989


Salvador Dali

On January 23, 1989, Salvador Dalí died of heart failure at the age of 84.

Disasters:

Hillsborough Disaster: In a shocking turn of events, the semifinal match of the FA cup between Nottingham Forest and Liverpool turned into a blood bath as 96 people were crushed to death against a high-wired fence.


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Music

Songs that marked the 80s:

» Thriller - Michael Jackson

» Girls Just Want To Have Fun - Cyndi Lauper

» Like A Virgin – Madonna

Michael Jackson

Michael Joseph Jackson born in Gary, Indiana on the 29th of August 1958. Michael began his musical career at the age of 5 as the lead singer of the Jackson 5 who formed in 1964.

In 1982 Michael Jackson released the world's largest selling album of all time, 'Thriller'. Michael was keen to use music video or short films as he called them to promote his singles from the album. He worked with the best directors and producers, using the latest technology and special effects for the hit song 'Billie Jean'.

In 1983 Michael performed the now legendary moonwalk for the first time on the 'Motown 25 years' anniversary show. One year later Michael won a record breaking 8 Grammy awards in one night.

In 1987 Michael released his much awaited third solo album, titled 'Bad', and launched his record breaking first solo world tour. In 1988, Michael wrote his first autobiography, Moonwalk, talking for the first time on his childhood and his career. At the end of the 1980s Michael was named 'Artist Of The Decade' for his success off of his 'Thriller' and 'Bad' albums.

On June 25th 2009 Michael Jackson died suddenly of a reported cardiac arrest. He was 50 years old.


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Cynthia Lauper

Cynthia Ann Stephanie Lauper was born on June 22, 1953, in Brooklyn, New York. She did not do well in school, and was reportedly kicked out of several parochial schools in her youth. Despite her hard times, she discovered a love of singing at an early age, and was writing her own songs by the age of 12.

With her eclectic clothes, flamboyantly styled hair, and contagious pop melodies, Lauper took the music world by surprise. The 1983 recording sold almost 5 million copies and featured her first hit, "Girls Just Want to Have Fun." The song became a female party anthem, and the video for it went into heavy rotation on MTV. She was further rewarded for her work when she won the 1984 Grammy Award for Best New Artist.

Her 1986 follow-up album, True Colors, sold nearly 1 million copies. Exploring new creative avenues, Lauper made her film debut in 1988 starring opposite Jeff Goldblum in Vibes.

Outside of music, Lauper has been a tireless activist for the gay rights movement. "Civil rights have to be afforded to every American, no matter what their color, gender or sexual preference.

Madonna

Madonna, born Louis Cicconi, in 1958, was brought up in Rochester Hills Michigan.

In 1982 she released her first single 'Everybody' and in 1983, she launched her first album 'Madonna' It sold very well, but it was her next album 'Like a Virgin' which made her into an international superstar. The album sold over 12 million copies, helped by the hit single 'Like a Virgin' which stayed at number one for 6 weeks.

After forming her own company - Madonna, produced a book titled 'Sex'. It featured nude


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photography and was quite controversial, especially in US; but it sold over half a million copies.

She has acted in a couple of films, without much commercial success - though her appearance in Evita about Eva Peron, the famous Argentinean wife of the President received good reviews.

She has now produced over 10 albums and remains a very influential artist still capable of hitting the top of the album charts. According to Billboard magazine, she is second only to the Beatles in terms of all-time best selling artist. Her early Catholic roots influenced her music and videos.

ROCK IN RIO

Rock in Rio is now the most important Brazilian festival in the world and one of the most significant on the planet. Over nearly 30 years, it became the owner of a prominent story in the music scene, with 13 editions performed, and more than 6 million people gathered and one of the strongest presence in digital media.

Born in Rio de Janeiro, it not only conquered Brazil, but also Portugal and Spain, always with the intention of bringing all styles of music for a variety of audiences.

In 1985 Brazil was undergoing major changes. After a long period under a military dictatorship, the country began to take the first steps towards democracy. In this scenario, where all South American countries were living in similar conditions, Brazil would be the first country to host a musical event of this type.

And the event wasn't born small! Conceived by the entrepreneur Roberto Medina, the first Rock in Rio took place in Rio de Janeiro, in the neighbourhood of Jacarepaguá..

Rock in Rio brought together names such as AC/DC, Iron Maiden, Ozzy Osbourne, Queen and the Brazilians Gilberto Gil, Paralamas do Sucesso and Barão Vermelho.

Altogether 28 bands – national and international – were the main characters of the countries' history, creating a new reality: Brazil had its own great festival.


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Live Aid

Live Aid was a two-part concert that took place on 13 July 1985. This event was organized by Bob Geldof and Midge Ure in order to raise money for Ethiopian famine. Both billed the “global jukebox”. The concert was attended by 72,000 fans at Wembley Stadium in England, United Kingdom and 100,000 fans at John F.Kennedy Stadium in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. These concerts inspired other countries such as Australia and Germany. The ones that weren’t lucky enough to see one of those two concerts probably watched it on television or radio (1.9 billion people).

There were innumerous performances by talented singers/bands, for example:

Bob Dylan, Ronnie Wood, Tina Turner, Mick Jagger, Hall & Oates, Duran Duran, Phil Collins, Thompson Twins, Neil Young, Madonna, The Pretenders, Simple Minds, Bryan Adams, Black Sabbath, Billy Ocean, Band Aid, Paul McCartney, Freddie Mercury, Elton John, The Who, David Bowie, Queen, U2, Bryan Ferry, Elvis Costello, Adam Ant, Coldstream Guards, etc

The last song performed in Philadelphia was “We are the world” and involved the most famous performers of the decade. This song was absolutely the most important one and nowadays, there is a new version of it “ We are the world 25 for Haiti” released in 2010.

SportCatarina Santos | Cátia Mota | Daniela Sousa | Ivo Pinto | Jéssica Pereira

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Famous celebrities: Mike Tyson, Ayrton Senna, Martina Navratilova and Muhamed Ali.

Mike Tyson:

Born in Brooklyn, New York, on June 30, 1966, Mike Tyson became the youngest heavyweight boxing champion of the world in 1986, at age 20. He lost the title in 1990 and later served three years in prison over rape charges. He subsequently earned further notoriety by biting Evander Holyfield's ear during a rematch in 1997. Tyson has gone on to appear in several films, including a documentary on his life.

Ayrton Senna:

Ayrton Senna da Silva (Brazilian Portuguese) was born in 21 March 1960 and die in 1 May 1994. He was a Brazilian racing driver who won three Formula One world championships. His career progressed quickly, and in 1982 he moved to England to pursue his racing. In 1984 he came to the attention of the whole world by racing in Formula One. Over the next ten years he won the World Championship three times and engaged in some controversial racing with France's Alain Prost and England's Nigel Mansell. Ayrton Senna was killed on 1 May 1994 in a race at the San Marino Grand Prix when his car, which had been beset with problems the entire season, inexplicably left the track and crashed into the concrete barrier.

Martina Navratilova

She born in Czechoslovakia in 1956, Martina Navratilova began playing tennis at a young age, and was one of the top female tennis players in the world in the late 1970s and early '80s. Later in life, she authored a series of fiction books and was active in the gay rights movement.

Muhammad Ali


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In 1979, Ali announces his retirement. But in the next year, he decided to come back and challenge the current champion at the time, Larry Holmes. Unfortunately, Ali is knocked out after being hit 125 times by the champion. Later, in 1981, Ali has one more match, but he loses against Trevor Berbick. This was the end of Ali’s career, he finally decided to hang up the gloves for good. In 1986, he was diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease.


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Slang

Totally Like... like No, duh! Eat my Shorts -> Associated with Bart Simpson but it first came up in

the movie “The Breakfast Club” Gnarly (Firstly it meant tough but it had its meaning shift over the

years. It now bears the meaning: Cool, Awesome) Take a Chill Pill (Calm down!!!) Even / Not Even (Used to agree/disagree; Ex.: - She’s pretty. – Not

Even. – Even. What’s your damage? (Basically “What’s your problem?”) Righteous (Awesome, Tubular, Cool) Tubular (Totally Awesome!!! A Hundred Times better than Cool!) Bitchin’ (Totally Awesome)


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Toys / Games

Hot Looks Dolls

There were five dolls, each a model from a different country. Stacey was from the U.S., Elkie from Sweden, Chelsea from London, Mimi from France, and Zizi from Africa. Their looks and outfits resembled their country’s fashion. They were made of stockinette material while their heads were vinyl and they had brush-able hair.

Glo Worm and Friends

Glo Worm was a really huggable worm that glowed in the dark if you squeezed it. It even had its own nightcap!! It’s not in vain the name of the toy has “Friends” in its name. His many friends include: Glo Snugbug, Glo Snail, Glo Doodlebug, Glo Bug, Glo Grannybug, Glo Clutterbug, Glo Bashfulbug, Glo Butterfly, Glo Bopbug, Glo Cricket, Glo Skunkbug, Glo Bookbug, Glo Nuttybug, Glo Sniffle Snail, Glo Firefly, Glo Hopper, Glo Spider, Glo Bopbug, Glo Flutterbug and Glo Turtle.

It was of great success in 1982 and sold almost immediately during Christmas time.

Star Wars Toys

They were definitely “hot” figures during the 80s. They started being made late 70s, early 80s and soon there were almost 100 Star Wars Action Figures including Hans Solo, Luke Skywalker, Princess Leah. They have become extremely valuable as one action figure can cost hundreds of dollars!!!


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My Little Pony

“My Little Pony” toys were very popular during the 80s. It was almost mandatory for every little girl to have their ponies and their pony house!!!! All the ponies come with brush-able manes and tails! Every pony had its own name and and cute symbol (“cutie mark”) on their hips.

Rubix Cube

It was thought in 1974 by Erno Rubik so it’s technically a 70s toy. Initially it was nearly impossible to make a cube like this work. Its mechanics were too complicated for that time. But we still consider it an 80s toy because its bubble burst was a lot more intense during the 80s!!!

Pac-Man

Pac-Man is an arcade game which was developed by Namco and it was first released in Japan on May 22, 1980. This game became immensely popular right from the second it was released!! It is basically an icon of the 80s culture and a major landmark in the history of video-games!!

Super Mario

Mario was first made by Shigeru Miyamoto and it was franchised by Nintendo. Mario is an Italian plumber that lives in Mushroom Kingdom and repeatedly saves Princess Peach from the Koopa Bowser. This game influenced everybody in the 80s because of how famous this game was. It is definitely another big landmark in the history of video-games despite being 2D.


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Fashion

The 1980s fashion was marked by extravagance and excessive use of sequins and costume jewelry that expressed wealth as the use of pearl necklaces and large faux-gold earrings.

With the arrival of the aerobics craze of the mid 1980s due to the influence of various series and movies, began to use the classic leotard, consisting of bright stripes, polka dots, and even elastic belts, leggings, plaid skirts, short dresses with sneakers and no socks or shoes with slouch socks and shortalls, choosing a

genre of casual wear but with style.

Later the use of shoulder pads in women was quite popular and this is due to the fact that the working women wanted to be recognized as equal to men. At the level of the footwear trend, bright colored high heels appeared. In young adolescents, especially girls, the pants were a key part in wardrobe and shorts were not too tight, not too loose with a length just above the knee.

The underwear has become an important fashion accessory for both males and for females. Women's looks tended to be in a wide array of pastel colors, with lacy trimmings. Men were also wearing colored underwear and boxer shorts were "tapered", or styled after the side-vent running shorts, with a trimmer cut. The male fashion was characterized by being more popular than jeans. It was more about athletic clothing and moderation in color. The most popular colors were black, white, indigo, forest green, burgundy, and different shades of browns, tans, and oranges. Popular in the early 80s clothing worn by men included tracksuits, v-neck sweaters, and polyester velor polo-neck shirts, sports jerseys, jeans, polyester button-ups, beanies, and hoodies. Around this time it became acceptable for men to wear sports coats and slacks to places which previously required a suit. In counterpoint to the bright shirt, jackets were often gray, tan, rust or white, donned casually and in sunny places doubled even as business attire, in which case they could be seen worn with a tie. There was a preference for Vogue cowboy boots and these were quite expensive.


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Architecture

The architecture reached its peak in the 80s, including post-modern architecture. This is essentially characterized by the idea of "movement" and also by excessive use of colors, the exaggerated use of historical references and repetitive uncritical use as part of the pediment crowning the building and is easily perceptible in many buildings such as the "Piazza d'Italia by Charles Moore ". If there is something that has marked the buildings of the 1980s, is a sense of romanticism to the past. This style was also often adapted into several shopping centers and international companies who wanted a corporate image. There were several architects involved in this style including Bernard Tschumi and Peter Eisenman, especially in works like the "Parc de la Villette" in Paris and "Wexner Center for the Arts" in the United States.

There were several monuments that were highlighted throughout this decade. In 1980, Frank Gehry built Santa Monica Place, in the following year Richard Serra installed Tilted Arc in the Federal Plaza in New York City. In 1982, there was a design competition at the Parc de la Villette in Paris. Xanadu House in Kissimmee opened in 1983. Philip

Johnson's AT&T Building opened in New York City and The HSBC Headquarters Building in Hong Kong, China by Norman Foster, was completed in 1984 and 1985 respectively. The Lloyd's Building in London, designed by Richard Rogers, was completed in 1986 and The Riga Radio & TV Tower in Riga, Latvia was completed in 1987. In 1988 MOMA Exhibition called Deconstructivist architecture opened and finally, I. M. Pei's pyramid addition to the Louvre was opened in 1989.


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Dance

The eighties spawned Ska and Breakdancing. Many dances were based on Michael Jackson and Heavy metal music lovers developed slamdancing. Many steps were marked by originality and provocation, many considered shocking to time. Popular 80s artists like Michael Jackson, Madonna, and the Bangles released videos featuring moves that millions of fans all over the world attempted on the dance floor.

We have different steps that are still recognized as “moon walk”, “the snake”, “The Electric Slide”, “walk like an egyptian”, “dirty dancing lift”, “ the thriller dance”, “everybody footloose”, “the running man” and many others. These names were tame compared to what people actually looked like when they were doing the steps. Pantomime moves also became increasingly popular at dance clubs and parties, so it was completely acceptable and hilariously entertaining to watch children of all ages.

“Moon walk” “dirty dancing lift”

“everybody footloose” “the running man”


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Painting

“The Curse of the Crying Boy” is a painting made by an Italian painter (Bruno Amadio), also called Giovanni Bragolin. This painting has a story behind. In the decade of 70s, Bruno Amadio was still painting in Pádua, Italy, but then he was called to the Italian military forces during the Second World War. Throughout this experience he sees the children pain in many villages and cities. These sad images made turn the sensibility of the artist even bigger and that changed significantly is way of painting. After the war he moved to Sevilha, Spain. Later he went to Madrid. He became famous for painting 27 paintings with children crying that were sold in different parts of the world. At this time he started to paint sad figures that were a vision of

those war children. In the 70s and 80s those paintings were printed in paper and actually they are still available. There is a legend that says that Bragolin just wanted fame and he made a pact with the Devil and he inspired him to paint those children crying that suggested violence. Some people attribute messages related with satain and the pact that Bragolin made with the Devil in order to became famous and sell successfully. There are many others visions and rumors about those paintings. The people who had those paintings reveled that it transmitted bad feelings and they couldn’t keep the paintings for too long. There is a story that tells that the painting is about a little orphan boy that Giovani saw and that, a few years later, during a fire that happened in that orphanage, the spirit of that kid became stuck right there. Later, many houses fires happened in England. The witnesses and the firemen’s said that all of those houses had a replica of the painting and that painting was the only thing that wasn’t destroyed. The polemic and the fear was so big that the newspaper “ the sun “ asked to everyone to burn those paintings so that the curse could be gone. But there is still numerous rumors about these paintings and the curses behind it.


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Conclusion

Many remember the 80s as a happy and lucky decade, full of peace and prosperity. Others think that the 80s were a decade of excess, disappointment and the end of the good traditions. The truth is that there were a lot of progresses in many areas, but with fear and financial unsureness around. The appearance of AIDS installed fear in everyone’s heart. There wasn’t sufficient information about it until the end of the decade. The poverty and hunger in Ethiopia and Uganda won a special attention through the world. The events of this decade brought a long impact in families, the values and in the economy. Divorced and mixed families, once an impossible thing, were in that time starting to be normal. Women started to work and sometimes they earned more than men. Not only the opportunities of career choice turned bigger to women, but also their salaries were necessary for families’ survival. And the cause of that were the excess and the consumerism that existed in the 80s and still exists nowadays. The relation with Russia and China developed as a consequence of measures taken in the 80s. The evolution of the technology brought an easier communication in the world.


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80s decade

Education