R3'\7I~~'7 C,? ?ACTORS ,F_E"?ECTil'TG GP,:YLT1'TD-'i'7.A~ER L'E:\J-:SLS IN TB:E 110U1'TT·AIN HO}!E PT-~TEA"I.: A...-qzA

EL"1C1 P.:S ;._i,ID ATJA CODf'IT!ES, ID~..EO

by Paul M. Castelin

Senior Hydrogeologist

Idaho Department of Water Resources Boise, Idaho

August 1988

T .. ~BL:C: C·? CONTENTS

LIST OF FIGURES, TA.BLES fil'TD ;..?PE1.JDI CES ............... .

INTRODUCTION ...............................................

CH~~,GES IN I?.RIGATED ACREAGES

WATER RIGHTS ................ .

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ......... .

REFERENC:E:S

APPENDICES

.......................................

.....................................

i

Figu::-e No.

l

2

3

5

No.

Water-level c~a~ge, spring 1933

YJat.er-le11el c!:.ange sr:;::-2.::g .., ,...,. " r "CO spring 1928 '

...:...:::oo

Via te::::--le11el change ' spri:-ig 1927 to spring 1988

cumulative departure frcm average precipitation, Boise and Mcur.tain Home, 1974 t~rough 1987 .....

LIST OF T_:O,.BLES

1 Boise and Mountain Home Precipitation and Departures from Normal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

2 Changes in Irrigated Acreage in the Mountain Home Plateau area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

APPENDICES

A Bydrographs of USGS and IDWR observation wells in the Mountain Home plateau area

B General Observation Well Water-level Data for the Mountain Home Gl'i"¥-A and the Cinder Cone Butte CGWA

ii

RE"1J:E\·J OF FAC':'C:·RS ;..??ECTI:-rG GROGND-;i]...'I1Ert ~E~7:::::S :=}I T~::: :·~C·C~T~ -~-~~T H01·!E :?LlTEP..C,

E~ '\1C?.::::: .~'JI: AD;._ CSC'i'TTI::::S, I~.;...Ho

I~-dept~ hydrcgeologic st~c~es h2ve been ccmpleted by seve=2.l i~vest.iga~o=s in t~e Mou~~~i~ Rene area; chief a3c~g ~~Q- ~~~~: NoYtcn, et al (1968, 1970).

(1982), Ycunc;, T:lese s-:.~::i.es

~ • ',V.

aquifer uni-:.s of the are2 an.d t.he effect of rec:"la::<;e a:-:::: ~t::.::-'.p:'...:-'...g for irrigation upon then. ~~e ci~der Cone But-:.e c=i-::.:=a: G=c~:-:~­i,12.te::- P.rea (CGT.Y.~.) 1vas sc C.es.:gn2.t2C. :ty t~e Idaho De~2.=-::::.1er:-:: cf \·Jater Resources ( IDi&) in. 198: in :::-espcnse t.o app2.re:--."':. c 1i'2::­

develcpment of ground wa~e= in the area and resultan~ ::-a;i~ water-level declines. A study of ground-water and la~d-use prac~ices by Norton, et al, in 19Sl-82 led to the des~gna~ic~ c~ t:le l•!ountain P.:crr.e Grcu~d-~'72'":.e:- 11anagemeri~ Area ( .::;~,~·L:..) , 2.-=...s:: i:-i. response to citizen conce~~s and wate~-level decli~es. F~c~::-a 1

is c. nap sho.;,.~ing the t·,..-o areas in11cl ~Jed.

\·Jate:r--level data from selected obser,aticn \•/ells in t:-:e 2.::-22. fc:.~ recent years show a marked reduction in the rate ct decli~e cf water levels and, in some cases, even modest recovery of water levels. If Ylater levels t-lere truly recovering, ID\ili Vlanted to be in the position to modify, if necessary, the GWMA designation and begin once again to issue permits. This revier.v Vlas iri.i 'tiated as a result of this interest in determining current ground-water conditions in the Mountain Home area.

Ir. the case of the Mountain Home GWl1A ( and the Cinder Cone But-te CGWA within it), there are two types of data which are indicators of the changing hydrologic situation: 1) ground-water level trends and the effect of precipitation, discharge and recharge on them, and 2) changes in irrigated acreages- Each are disc~ssed in turn below.

Ground-water Level Trends

The IDWR measures water levels in 19 observation wells in the area, the US Geological Survey, 11. IDWR collects water level data twice annually; about the last week of March, and the last week of October, to determine the highest point on the recharge curve before irrigation pumpage begins and to determine the wa~2~ level in the fall which results mostly from pumpage for irriga­tion. The USGS collects data on a variety of schedules \·l.:..::n their observation wells, but normally also make measurements in both the spring and fall corresponding to the IDWR schedule. Records for the 30 wells vary in completeness, but generally good date exist from the time of the Norton study in 1982 until the

1

present. Therefare, fer ~his report, trends have been reviewed p.::-i3arily for t~e pericd 1932 - 1988, but alsc, where avai:3::::~, the review has i~cluded da-::2 back to 1976-77.

Ground-water leve: t~e~ds are shewn on severa: CSG3 ar.d r=~·2 h:._,--drog.::-c.phs in .~ppendi:,: ;... , Vlhich show a va.:-iet}'.,. cf -=::-21;.ds, ::::.:.-=. mos~ of them inCica-::e a~ leas"'i: a modest net decline for t~e.:..r periods cf record. Howeve~, the declines have not been wi~e­sp::-ead c:::- e~,enly applied t.b.roughout the area. Lccaticr. c::: -:::::e obse~ra:ticn •,lells ;vi::::.:..::; t:::e G;,n.r...:; is i:npcrta_r,,t t::i sho-:,,·_::-:g specific trends; ~~cse ~el!s completed in t~e regional sys~e= show ~u:=. te a differer.:':: "'i:rer:d than t~ose i:1 the shallc,,v·, r::er::2.eC:: sys~em. I:1 general, water level decli~es in t~e reg~8nal s~s~e~ have moderated or even reversed in recent yea~s, wh~le dec:~~es in the sha2.loi:.v s~:_.rste:n ha"/e been more quickly i::1pac-:.2d t:~- ·-- .. ~ current dr~ught, and therefore show larger net dec~ines.

For this analysis, the focus is on changes taking pl2ce i~ t~e regional system, which is the one primarily developed for ir=igation and municipal use. The shallow, perched syst2s ~as shown widespread declines as a result of t~e drought, wt~ch i~ turn has affected the amount of recharge reaching the regi=~a: system. What happens in the regional system is more relevan~ ~o deterrnining any change in G~il1L~ status.

The water level change map for the regional aguirer (Figure 2), showing change in water levels from spring 1983 to spring 1988, indicates only two areas where long-tenr, declines have taken place. The larger one is the Cinder Cone Butte area, in which declines have been well-documented in previous reports; the other, approximately centered on Mountain Home, probably reflects increased ground-water pumpage for municipal use the past t· . .;o years of drought. The significant thing to note is the relative­ly small amount of net change, about 5 feet, over the past fi·ve years.

Shorter-term declines are also enlightening. As the water-level change maps for 1986-1988 and 1987-1988 show (Figures 3 & 4, respectively), very little additional decline took place, despite severe drought conditicns. The reason for this anomaly appears to be strongly related to Federal government set-aside programs, which have encouraged farmers not to plant crops, and there=ore to not irrigate, reducing the amount of ground water removed fron storage. Land set aside from production has steadily increased since 1984, reversing a trend of increasing irrigated acre3ges (see ''Changes in Irrigated Acreages'', below).

Precioitation/Recharae T~ends

Table 1 lists precipitation amounts and departures from long-term normals for the Boise and Mountain Home areas and the accompany­ing graph, Figure 5, shows that precipitation has been above

2

r:c~.al f:::r eve:::-"_:"r year l::·t.:-:::. 1985 2.nC. 1937.

2ec~a~ge -:::.c ~cc~ c~ ~~e :~c~~::.ai~ ~c=e a~sa :::-es~~::.s ===~ see~ase lasses f:::-8~ Canyc~ a~d ~a::.::.lesna~2 c=ee~s, ~a-::.~ c= wt:r~ =-Q ~~~ p::-i:::ua::-il::l f::-::·Iil sr:cr.v-:i':e=..-:., a::1C C2.n:::-cr: C:::-eek, in ;:·2.:::--t, .::..s uses. as a ccr.du.i::. for -.... -2.-~e::?:" s-:::.ar2C. i::. L2- ::.-:.le Camas ?.eser1c.:..::-. S2ep2.ge losses f:::-om these strea=s, as well as a mul-:::.i~ude c:: c2na:s,

_::_ a::.c.:..::..:..::.::-:, ?::-2.se::- Reser-1c.=...:::- :·,-as }:::c·.-1:-: "':.::: s:.::;::~:.:.t s..:s~..:-=..:~-;,-:--.-:::. .,...= ..... ~;ci--:-.:::,. -.. --::::-~.:::­t~r2ugh seepage l:::ss ::.2 ~::e ::-eg.::..onal sys-:::.e~ i~ t~e a:::-ea te::.~22~ Mcc~tai~ Hone aTid c.::..~de::- Ccne Bct~e, cr:~i: -:.~e d2~ ~as t:::-22.=~2~ 1

2.llcr,v.::..r.g m1-:c:} c= t~e ;;va:::.er t:::::· r:c,.,; :::c~-1 pc..s-:. t_j_e rese::::-.r::.::..:::- s::..-:.2 "::::: "t:1e Sna}:e p_.::_,.;e:::-. I"":. is :::c"':. }:.::1.cr,v·r: r~cv1 w.:.:c:l, i::" 2.:-:1:-, _ _. __ c:.: .1-::..._::::...:..

escapes down Ca~ycn C~se~ tc the Snake R~7e~ wi::hcc~ ?:::-2s2~ da~ to i:n.Foc.nd it. In any event, 1936 water yield f i:;u:::-es st.c-... 7

r.-1i~!"l less t::2:-: Can=:_,~on Creek runof:: t.:J C-e 2.bcut 50% of ncr::-,al, that likely for 1987 and lS83.

I!JTY?.' s Land and Wa~er l.,'se s2c::ion c:::imF2.2:"ed s2..tell.ite dig::..::.2.2. imagery from 1980 to t~at frcn 1984 (no mc=e recent da~a was readily available) to ~evelop an approximate i:::-:::-igated ac~ease change raap. P.lthougt1 the ::-12.p i.\1·2.s not suitc.ble fer publi.·:::atior:, its results generally supported information supplied b~l El:::tcre County ASCS. Ron Maure~, Elillore County ASCS Director, recently estimated that, of about 23,500 acres involved in set-as::..de programs, between 40 a~d 50% of the acreage would be in western Elmore County, most i...ri thin the G~V}L~. This amount of acreage (11,400 to 14,250 acres) represents an unknown but la:::-ge ancunt of ground-water wi thdra•,,al not taking place this year ( 19 2 2) . Mr. Maurer also indicated that various set-asides in the area had increased greatly since about 1984. Satellite infor7c1ation indicates that between 1980 and 1984, irrigated c~opl2.nd increased by about 4713 acres, as shown in t~e fcllcw~~g table:

Table 2

Tnto Production Ou~ of P~cdt:ctian Dry range to irr ag 4796 acres Irr ag to dry ranse 6S Dry ag to irr ag 200 Irr ag to dry as 21s

4996 acres 283

4996 - 283 = 4713 acres of new irrigated land

It is very apparent from the information supplied by El~cre ASCS and IDWR that significant reductions in the amount of land irrigated from ground water has had a very large impac~ en the amount cf ground water -r;.vithdra~.-,n in the GivM.A.

3

wa+er Riahts

A ccrnputer search o~ wa~er r~gh~s en file ~~t~ t~e Departne~:: having pricrit~ dates late= than November 9, 1932, t~e date cf closu::-e of the MHG~'JMA, failed t::J sho'i.'1 a si::.g2..e ri;ht tha":. had r:c:: existed prior to the closure a= the area. This si~ply mea~s ti~t no authorized development has C·ccu::::-::-ed in the iYL.t.:G;ir,1..i\ since t::-:.e date of closure4 As a result, the conclusicns i~ the Norton repcrt need nc rncdi::"ication, nc·r do ccnclusic1;.s i:-: t:J..is re;;cr:: v;hich a~e t2.sed on data f:::-cZt t:::.e Ncrtsn repcr::.

Conclt:s~::ns & Recommendatior.s

Although some of the infor:nation r2viewed is based en esti~ates, it is sufficient to draw certain conclusicns4 It seems appa~en:: that water level declines are taking place at a r~duced rate f=22 those experienced prior to 1'lorton' s 1982 repc·rt and, in scne cases, declines are actually reversing (water levels are recovering). Ground-water pumpage has decreaseG en about 11,400 to 14,250 acres as a probable result of Federa~ gcvernme~~ agricultural set-aside programs. This could amc~n~ ~a a reduction of ground-water withdra\v2.ls of bet-:.;een 34, 000 2.::--.cl. 43, 000 acre-ft per annum, assuming a ccnsu:npti,1e use cf al:cc.:: 3 acre-ft/acre4

Set-asides have increased dramatically since about 1984, reversing a previous trend of increasing amounts of land being brought into agricultural production. The length of time of some of the set-asides are for as long as ten years, ensuring that ground-water withdrawals may be below "normal" for years to come.

Long-term precipitation trends show that for the last several years we have experienced above-normal precipitation. This implies that future years may tend to be below-normal, further reducing the probable amount of water to be recharged to both the shallow and regional ground-water systems.

The net effect of reduced pumpage coupled with reduced recharge is unknown at this time, but, since the long-term changes are likely to be slow in developing, it is recommended that there be no change at this time to the status of the Mountain Home GWMA or to the handling of water right applications on file with IDWR. Monitoring and better defining of those parameters which went into producing this review should continue and some thought should be given to the ongoing purchase of satellite imagery with which changes in irrigated acreages from year to year can be documented. Finally, it is recommended that a review similar to this, in cooperation with other State and Federal agencies, be performed annually.

4

:,_.

"' .

REFERENCES

Ren; pe:!:"sona: C8ITu.~unicaticn, Ju~y ~933.

Norton, M.A., et al, 1982, Ground Wate~ T~v 0 ~t~aaticn c~ t~o ~M"o~u~n~~~,-~a=i~"~-~H~.o=m~e~~P~l~a~t~e=a~u=· ~'--=' -"d"a=h"o=; I D1'8. Cpen - file re po J::"-::. , 6 .2 p .

~. Ralston, D.R. a~d C~ap~a~, S.L., :963, Grau~d Wa~~r Resources in t~e Mcunta~~ Heme Area. ID\-JR Water In.fcr:nat::..cn Bt:.lle-::.in No. 63 p.

4. Ralston, C.R. and Chapnan, S.L., l970, Ground Water Resources of Souther::. .il.da Count·,, :=.nC -i;vest2r:;_ Fl:nore C:::::c.nt·_;-. Idaho; ID\ill Wate::::- I::f::r:nation Bulletin tic. lS, 52 !:".

5. Young, H.W., 1977, R~connai~sance of Ground Water Re~cu-ces in the Mountain Hone Plateau Area. Southwest Idaho; C.S. Geological Su~,rey i;~a-:.e:::- P~esour:::es In·;;es~igatiori.s 1 1-2.03, Open-file repcr~, 40 p.

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.APPENDIX A

OESER'\.7ATION WELL HYDROGR.,.)._?ES

WELL-NUMBERING SYSTEM

rr':le •..;ell-nu:nberi~s sys-::2~, used by beth t:J.e "CS Geolog:..c:aJ.. Sll:::-~,-e~­and the Idaho Depa=t~e~~ cf Water Rescu~=es in I~aho locates t~e wells within the official rectangular subd:..7isicns cf the pu~lic lands, with reference to ~he Boise base line and meridian. T:le =irst segment of a well number (example in ?igure A-1) indicates t:':e township, the second seg:nent the range, and the tt.ird segment -c:he sec~ion in Vlhich t:le T.-Jell is s~ -~,;;:i-:--::::..-4. The letters fc::..1~, .. ;.:_::"'lS -:.::i.e section numbe::- ir:dic:.s.""::e t:le we 12. lcca tier~ wi t:lin t.:le sec-::.i2::: t~e first letter denotes the 160-acre t~act, the second the ~0-acre tract, and the third the 10-acre tract. The let-::.ers are assigned in a ccun.::er::lock1,vise C.irection, :Ceginni:ig i::1. the nor"t.heast quarte::- of e2c:h p:?:.""ogressi '!el:{ s;:12.lle~ sut:·di <1isic:1. J:'he last numeral is a seri2l nt:::-iber 2ssigned '",.rhen the v1ell is inventoried. Thus, well 7S-17E-6ACA1 is in the N~l/~SW:/4NE~/~ o~ Section 6, Township 7 South, Range 17 East, and is the fi~st well inventoried in that tract.

Figure A-1. Diagram showing well-numbering system

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APPENDIX B

WATER-LEVEL AND WELL DATA

YATER LEVEL DATA, MOUNTAIN HOME GYMA & CINDER CONE BUTTE, 1982·1988

CGYA/ YELL NUMBER LOCATION ELEV SPRING SPRING SPRING SPRING SPRIUG CHANGE CHAIJGE CHANGE CIIAtlGE CHANGE CllA!lGE CIIAUGE Cl!A/lGE CHAUGE

GYMA x y (LSD) 1982 1985 1986 1987 1988 82·86 85·86 82·87 85·87 86·87 82·88 85·88 86-88 87·88 ...... -...... - - - - -.. -.. -.. - ...... -... - .... - -... -------- --- ... -. -. - . --- -- .... --- ..... -..... -· -- - .... -....... - .. --. - - ... - - - - - - ..... --- - - - - - ---. -- - - - . - . - . - - - . - - - - - -

Mii 015 04E 03ADB1 2.40 7.50 3375 456.95 455.41 455.35 452.70 1. 54 1.6 0.06 4.25 2. 71 2.65 MH 015 04E 10DAD1 2.41 7.15 3300 341.12 341.07 341.14 341.07 340. 73 ·0.02 ·0.07 0.05 0 0.07 0.39 0.1'• 0.41 0.34

Mii 015 04E 30AAC1 1.68 6.54 3150 482.88 482.55 482.26 482.27 482.02 0.62 0.29 0.61 0.28 ·0.01 0.86 0.53 0.24 0.25 cc 025 04E 028801 2.53 6.04 3170 104.09 487.76 488.69 ·0,93 cc 025 04E 14CDD1 2.56 5.38 3123 407.31 413. 75 414.41 415.68 416.27 ·7.10 ·0.66 ·8.37 ·1.93 · 1.27 ·8.96 ·2.52 ·1.86 ·0.59 Mii 025 04E 20D002 1.93 5. 10 3077 313. 79 319.14 320.51 321.00 320.69 ·6.72 · 1.Jl · 7.21 · 1.86 -0.49 ·6.9 · l. 55 -0. 18 ll.31 cc 025 04E 22CCC1 2.24 5. 10 3085 308.05 310.05 311.09 311.60 311.92 ·3.04 · 1.04 ·3.55 · 1.55 · 0. 51 ·3.87 · 1.BI ·0.83 -0.32 cc 025 04E 24DB81 2.74 5.20 3130 391.07 392.96 392.80 394.38 · 1.89 · 1.13 0 .16 ·3.31 -1.l12 -1. 58 cc 025 04E 27DDD1 2.44 , •. 86 3080 281.46 283.33 283.55 282 .74 · 1.87 ·2.09 -0.22 -1.28 0.59 0.81 cc 025 05E 038A81 3.83 6.04 3290 284. 12 285.25 277. 15 282.86 · 1.13 6.97 8.1 1. 26 2.39 -5. 71 cc 025 05E 11AA81 4.37 5.80 3323 310.05 313.32 311. 53 307.85 307. 74 ·1.48 1. 79 2.20 5.47 3.68 2.31 5.58 3.79 0.11 cc 025 05E 268081 4.09 5.00 3025 308. 18 310.08 309,81 309.31 309.52 ·1.63 0.27 -1.13 0.77 0.5 · 1.34 0.56 0.29 ·0.21 cc 025 05E 368881 4.28 4.80 3190 282.68 284.61 282. 77 282.39 281.36 ·0.09 1.84 0.29 2.22 0.38 1.32 3.25 1. 41 l.03

Mii 025 06E 110AC1 5.70 5.67 3400 104. 74 104.38 104.09 103.00 102. 55 0.65 0,29 1. 74 1.38 1.09 2 .19 1.83 1. 54 0.45 cc 035 05E 06ACC1 3.17 4.47 3085 277.73 279.79 280.21 279.90 -2.06 -2.48 -0.42 -2.17 -0. 11 0.31 cc 03S OSE 07BDD1 3.13 4.20 3074 275. 56 270.09 274.45 275 .00 276.28 1. 11 ·4.36 0.56 -4.91 -0.55 -0.72 ·6.19 -1.83 · 1.28 MH 035 06E 138BA1 5.83 4.03 3240 31.72 28.04 23.07 25.83 32.15 8.65 4.97 5.89 2.21 -2.76 -0.43 ·4.11 -9.08 -6.32 Mil 035 06E 340001 5.50 3.08 3135 148.79 147.26 147.60 174 .44 1.53 1. 19 ·0.34 ·25.65 -27 .18 -26.84 MH 035 06E 35ABB1 5.68 3.27 3135 4.07 3.45 2.50 ··DISC·· 1.57 0.95 Mil 035 06E 358CC1 5.58 3. 19 3145 414.39 408.95 409. 17 409.48 414.64 5.22 ·0.22 4.91 -0.53 -0.31 -0.25 -5.69 . 5. 117 -5. 16 Mil 035 07E 08DBB1 6.64 4.08 3330 79.45 77.85 68.85 83.55 1.60 10.6 9 -4.1 ·5. 70 -14. 70 MH 035 07E 18CAA1 6.17 3.90 3270 72.33 70.39 64.71 66.46 73.63 7.62 5.68 5 .87 3. 9·5 · 1. 75 · 1. 3 -3.24 -8.92 -7.17 Mii 045 03E 23C001 1.08 2.06 2917 249. 15 252.68 253.35 254.10 254.60 ·4.20 -0.67 -4 .95 ·1.42 -0.75 -5 .45 -1.92 -1.25 -0.50 Mii 045 04E 300081 1.66 1.88 2902 249.83 254.21 256.27 255.95 256.30 -6.44 ·2.06 -6. 12 -1. 74 0.32 -6.f,7 ·2.09 -0.03 -0.35 MH 045 05E 13DA81 4.45 2.42 3100 420.51 421.90 420.55 421.67 · 1.39 ·0.04 1.35 -1.16 0.23 - l. 12 Mil 045 05E 2588C1 4.28 1.98 3048 387.81 391.23 392.21 395.40 393.70 ·4.40 -0.98 ·7.59 -,, . 17 -3.19 -5.89 -2.47 -1.49 1. 70 Mii 045 06E 14ACA1 5 .71 2.48 3084 376.52 377. 79 377 .48 376.06 374.65 ·0.96 0.31 0.46 1.73 1.42 1.87 3.14 2.83 1.41 Mii 045 07E 09DCC1 6.69 2.58 3152 373.85 375.70 386. 50 - ·OJ SC·· -12.65 -10.00 Mil 055 06E 01AAA1 6.03 1.50 3065 387. 58 388.70 388.82 388.33 385.92 · 1 • 2t. -0.12 -0.75 0.37 0.49 1.66 2.78 2.90 2 .t.i Mii 055 06E 06CAA1 4.67 1.37 3030 372.25 374.30 375 .76 374 .75 373.03 ·3.51 -1.46 -2 .50 ·0.45 1.01 -0.78 1.27 2.73 l. 72

Note: Origin for X-Y pairs is SW corner of TSS R3E.