ARCHITECTURAL BUILDING MATERIALS THE NEW LADDER TYPE CURRICULUM GEORGE SALINDA SALVAN ... uap ASSISTANT PROFESSOR College of Engineering and Architecture Baguio Cotleges Foundation First and tone graduate of B.S. Archifecture, 1963 in Northern Luzon, St. Louis University Baguio City Former instructor 196!). 1969 at St. Lc;>uis Uoiversity Recipient of various ACE certificates, Architects Continuing Education Program A licensed Architect, active practitioner and a licensed building constructor, inventor and a board topnotcher. Past president of United Architects Phils Baguio Chapter. Elected National Director; UAP, Regional District I for the year 1987. Member, College of Fellows, UAP 1988 JMC PRESS, INC. 388 Quezon Avenue, Quezon City Copyright 1986 by: JMC PRESS, INC. and GEORGES. SALVAN All rights 1'9$8rved. No part of this book ma'f be reproduced in any manneJ without permission of the publisher. FIRST EDITION ISBN: 971-11-0321-4 Published and Printed by: JMC PRESS, INC. 388 Quezon Avenue, Quezon City Distributed by: GOODWILL BOOKSTORE Main Office: Rizal Avenue, Manila P .0 . Box 2942, Manila Dedicated to all future Architects and Engineers The hope for a functional, comfortable and convenient designs for better living. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The completion of this book was made a reality through the patient and hardworki ng efforts of the artist and graduate of architecture, Mr. Fermin 0 . Balangcod. Special thanks are also acknowledged to the artists who contributed in making th e drawings notably, Clamor C. Lecitona from NU, who also helped in the cover design; Johnny Camsol, Jeny Jun Suyat, Roy Pagador, Rev Puno, and James Fioresca, all from BCF, Baguio City. To the ones who lent unselfishly their books, like Dean Avelino Cruz of BCF, and to the BCF librarian Mr. Macabiog, .. to Arcnitect Rogelio Naz of St. Louis Universit y, Companies or of materials a!!K> eent _han l=l.a)R GJ.e 3 could be done in the form of an emulsion cement slurry mixed as follows: 1 volume cement 1 volume water 10 volumes weatherkote type 3 . The mix shall be formed by mixing the cement and water to a smooth slurry and t ~ e n slowly adding this to the weatherkote type 3 until a uniform mix is ach ieved. 3" CEMENT FILLET ,. C. WEATHERKOTE DECK ROOF WATERPROOFING General Introduction: The Shell Weatherkote system of roof waterproofing consist of a builtup application of several coats of Shell Weatherkote.Bitumen Emulsions appli ed by spray or brush. Fiberglass Membrane: The inclusion of fiberglass membrane is recommended to act as a reinforcement should fine shrinkage cracks occur in the reinforced conc rete roof. Use Weatherkote 3401 fiberglass or approved equivalent. Falls: All roof surfaces should have adequate fall for purposes in accordance with good engineering practice. Sub-tropical or tropical Remainder minimum 1:601:80 Dt!corative or Ught: Reflective finish- For a decorative and light reflecting f inish, allow 2 full weeks to elapse after the Bitumen Emulsion is dry, before applying Weatherkote Aluminum or alternative. Drying Time: A Shell Weatherkote Bitumen coating can be considered sufficiently dry to proceed with the next coat when on rubbing vigorously with a wet finge r no brown stain is produced on the finger. Shell Weatherkote Bitumen coatings norma lly reach this stage in 6 to 12 hours depending on atmospheric conditions. Shell W ea therkote Bitumen coatings must not be applied if rain Is imminent before the coa ting has dried. ,-! Spraying: If spraying is preferred, Shell Weatherkote Type 3 and 5 can be spray ed by suitable equipment at no more than 2 1/2 gallons per 100 sq. ft. per coat. T he pattern of any embedded fiber glass membrane must not be visible when the final spr ay has dried. Expansion Joints: Expansion joints must be so designed as tobe waterproofed, irrespective of the main waterproofing system. 1. Finish the concrete to a smooth surface, free from dirt, dust, etc. To a dry sur Shell Weatherkote primer-consisting Typej mixed with equal volume of water. Allow it to dry. 2. Apply a heavy brush coat of Shell Weatherkote Type 3 and immediately embed a n open mesh fiber glass membrane. The apPlication of the membrane should extend beyond the joints about 2 inches on bo1h sides. Flashings: Flashings are not normally required. Skirting: Where skirtings occur the Shelt Weatherkote treatment should be taken some 9" up the wall. Where there is existing metal flashing, the Shell Weatherk ote should be carried up under the flashing sufficient distance to give an adeq uate lap. A Preparatory Work 1. Any roughness of the concrete should be removed from the areas to be wate rproofed. 2. The concrete surface should be brushed clean and any cracks or holes in it m ade good . . B. Main Waterproofing 1. Apply a brush of 50/50 mix Weatnerkote Type 3/Warer. Allow to dry (Type 3. - 1/2 gal. per 100 sq. ft.) 105 .. 106 2. Apply a heavy brush coat of neat Weatherkote Type 3 over the primed area and immediately embed an open-mesh (Type 3 - 1 1/2 gal. per 100 sq. Fiberglass membrane -110 sq. ft . 3. Apply a Heavy brush coat of - 1 1/ 2 gal. per 100 sq. ft.). fiberglass membrane. Allow to dry. ft . 10% for overlaps. Weatherkote Type 3. Allow to dry. (Type 34. After the application of the two coats of Weatherkote Type 3. apply a brus h coat of Weatherkote Type 7 appUed preferable in three coats (6 gals. pe r 100 sq. ft.). 5. For an Abraison-resistant finish, appl y Weatherkote/sand mastic. The masti c flooring consist of 1 volume Weatherkote Type 3 and 4 Volumes sand. 6. For heat reflecting and decorative finish, apply Weatherkote Bituminous Alu minum Paint ( 1 /2 gal. per 100 sq. ft.}. D. ESTIMATED QUANTITIES OF MATERIALS REQUIRED PER 100 SQ. FT. OF AREA Weatherkote Type 3 Weatherkote Type 7 Weathorkote Aluminum Sand Fiberglass membrane - 9 gallons - 6gallons - . 112 gallons - 3 cu. ft. - 110 sq. ft. . (10% for overlaps} NOTE: Weatherkote Type 7 may be substituted with Weatherkote 5. Howeve r, please consult the Spe:cial Products Dept., Pilipinas Shell Petroleum Co rp. on any substituti on in the specifications. E. ADVISORY SERVICE - Specific details regarding Shell Bituminous prOducts and their application are available on request. ....... . -.. . WEATl-IERKOT 1'YPE 1 FIBERGLASS MESH :141,._- 50/50 WEATMERKOTE TYPE 3/WATER MESH EMSEOOEO IN WEAll1ERKOTE TYPE 3 WEATHERKOTE TYPE 3/ WATER 3" CEMENT MORTAR FILL ET SPECIFICATIONS: D. CONCRETE TANK WATERPROOFING Introduction: This specification applies to the waterproofing of reinforced concrete wa ter tank built underground. For overhead installations, the interior waterproofing specified herein requires further reinforcement with one extra layer of fiberglas s mesh and another coat of Weatherkote Type 3 cement slurry, before applying the last 2 coa ts of Type 5 or Trowel coat of Type 7. General A. Preparatory Wortugh wYr0J the ! f'lrl e e , Ll Fllst Pfn Hlng11-a hinge in whichJhe pin is fastened permanently in place. '" Full Surfllce Hinge -a hinge designed for attachment on the surface of the dOOf and jamb without mortising. z z ~ z z z z , L006 Joint Hinge -a door hinge having two knucktes,. one of which has vertical pin that fits in a corresponding hole in the other, by lifting the-door up, off the vertical pin, the door may be removed withl unscreWing the hinge. Loose Pin Hinge-a hinge having a removable pin which \ permits its two parts to be separated. 165 166 Ptlume/16 Hinge - a type of door hinge having a single ;oint of the pivot type, usually of modern design. 0/we Knuckle Hinge - a paumelle hinge with knucklesforming an oval shape. 2. Spring Hinges - a hinge c o n t a i n i n ~ one or more springs, when a do or is opened, the hinge returns it to. the open position automaticaUy, may act in one directio n only, or in both directions. b. Double action ExceUent for u5e in restaurants, hospitals, kitchens, the door opens by just p ushing it with the shoulder or feet. b. Single IH:tlon C'i,' -r:::::? _,:.e .. ., e e :9 e 3. Pivot Hin .. - the axle or pin about which a window or door rotates. VtHtk:tll Spring Pivot Hingtt -a spring hinge for a door which is mortised into the heel of the doOr. the door is fastened to the floor and door head with pivots. top prvot 167 From Sunut Magazine How to make bookshelves ves p. 30 ROUGH HARDWARES I. NAILS C. W -common wire nail with head and for strength [! :> -box nail also used for strength ..---------FIN- finishing nail without head COl========;>> -casing nail also withOut head SIZES, 1", 1 1/2", 2", 2 1/2", 3'", 3 1/2", 4'", 6" Masonry nails or concrete nails These are nails which can be driven 3/ 4 deep to concrete mortar, or brick. NOTE: Choose a nail three times longer than the top thickness being fastened. For example, use a 1 1/2 nail when nailing 1/2 plywood to a 2 x 4 stud. Other common Hammer- driven fasteners O:D ==== . ,.. I . 'T . . 168 II. SCREWS Ctassified by gauge length, head type, and metallic make-up. HEAD TYPES FLAT HEAD ROUND. HEAO OVAL. H E:AD SCREW PHILIPPG f-IEAD . . Sl-fEET-ME'tZ'L .I :Gauge 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 FLUSH CruNTER GlMK low - 169 l lagScrew V screw hooks and eyes can hang object WASHERS .i%14' tl4M @ @ Tr Flat Counter Sunk ~ l u s h BOLTS Bolts have threaded shafts that receive nuts. To use them, a hole is drilled, pushing the bolt through and adding a nut. NUTS Flat square nut 170 bolts tightened with screw while holding the nut with a wrench. Hex nut Square nut 8 . acomnut Hunger bolt8- for hanging fixtures from walls. L = 2" to 6" diam. 1/ 4, 5/16", 3/ 8" W/ll!ll/J.. ,. . UDStn Wing nut to attach flat surface to round poles or pipes. Binding Sctews-Join two $lJrf&ces and are demountable 1/ 4 .. to 4". JOINERY BRACKETS To form strong joints for. decorative -Zinc-plated steel for Hidden view...:.... steel ones for "chest" type- brass-plated type T ~ Pl.A"'fE 171 .17.2 L-BRACKET JAW END 'TURNBUCKLE B. To Fix One Sash chain. head and foot bolt Expanded Lath (HYRI8) a IMtal lath having an open mesh formed by t1tt1ng; metais sheet. Used to admit mortar 0[ plastered cement. EYE .A.NO TURN9UCKU: . : ... . ' SURFACE BOLT Cremone Bolt fused to fasten upper end lower doorDOOR BOLT (BARREL BOLT) FlUSH B.OL T - a door bolt so de signed that when applied it is flush with the face or edge of the door. CHAIN DOOR FASTENER A,device attached to a door and its jamb which limits the door opening to the tength of the chain. Usually used in Hotel roOms. ~ C :::= .. ===:::l ~ ' .. 173 A variation of this is a mueical chatn -door fastener when door is opened the b utton ac n v a t ~ the battery operated button holder. C. To Lock The Door 174 LOCKSET -a complete lock system including the basic locking mechanisms and all the accessories, such as knobs escutcheons, Plates, etc. LATCH- a simple fastening. devi&e having a tatch bolt, b\.lt not a dead bolt contains no previsions for locking with a key, usually openable from both sides. VIEW FROM ~ ~ ~ Wfta1 ~ PJn ~ tOOl.,, rt I S ~ ~ iheblr ar not M ~ 6efllltf wrl1.a k.f)'. NIGHT LATCH - Key operated Latch LIFT LATCH-a type of door latch which fastens a door by rl)eans of a pivoted bar that engages a hook on the door jamb. a lever which lifts the pivoted bar used to unfasten the door. LATCH for .doer OEAO BOLT Button-a small rejecting member used to fast . (.10 X lJ!5) 1? "tAPPE=D 1EE ,, ,, 2. X 2. "f!' ,. 4'j(4( 1 z')( l' .11,: X z'' .,-,:e TEE (TAPPED)TEE(TAPPED) z'x2" LEA() FeRRULE 191 GT"RAINER ( NICKLE PLATED ) (BRAS