6.1 parallelism

7/23/2019 6.1 Parallelism

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ParallelismParallelism



What is parallelism? What is parallelism?

ParallelismParallelism means that similar parts of ameans that similar parts of a

sentence have the same structure: nouns aresentence have the same structure: nouns are

with nouns, verbs with verbs, and phraseswith nouns, verbs with verbs, and phrases

with phrases.with phrases.

The usage of similar grammatical constructionThe usage of similar grammatical constructionto express similar content and themeto express similar content and theme

Similar constructions should follow each of aSimilar constructions should follow each of apair of correlative conjunctions: both/and,pair of correlative conjunctions: both/and,

either/or, neither/nor, whether/or, not only/ buteither/or, neither/nor, whether/or, not only/ butalso.also.

..



Jac is responsible Jac is responsible for loading thefor loading the

trunk, cleaning the seattrunk, cleaning the seat

cushions, and the engine check.cushions, and the engine check.

Jac is responsible Jac is responsible for loading thefor loading the

trunk, cleaning the seattrunk, cleaning the seat

cushions, and checking thecushions, and checking the

engine.engine.



Parallel construction 1Parallel construction 1

!n article or preposition applying to !n article or preposition applying to

all members of a series must either beall members of a series must either be

used only before the "rst term or elseused only before the "rst term or else

be repeated before each term.be repeated before each term.

#ncorrect#ncorrect: $ne can visit Toyo in: $ne can visit Toyo in

spring, summer or in winter.spring, summer or in winter.

%orrect:%orrect: $ne can visit Toyo in spring,$ne can visit Toyo in spring,in summer or in winter./ $ne can visitin summer or in winter./ $ne can visit

Toyo in spring, summer or winter.Toyo in spring, summer or winter.




%orrelative expression &both, and'%orrelative expression &both, and'

not, but' not only, but also' either, ornot, but' not only, but also' either, or

etc( should be followed by sameetc( should be followed by same

grammatical construction.grammatical construction.

#ncorrect:#ncorrect: #t was both a long#t was both a long

ceremony and tedious.ceremony and tedious.

%orrect%orrect: The ceremony was both long: The ceremony was both long

and tedious.and tedious.




)hen maing comparisons, the things)hen maing comparisons, the things

you compare should be couched with you compare should be couched with

parallel structures whenever that isparallel structures whenever that is

possible and appropriate.possible and appropriate.

#ncorrect#ncorrect: $ur model is more: $ur model is more

predictable than Scott.predictable than Scott.

%orrect%orrect: $ur model is more predictable: $ur model is more predictablethan Scott*s.than Scott*s.




+se the ing form&gerund( of words+se the ing form&gerund( of words

in a sentence to mae your ideain a sentence to mae your idea

understandable.understandable.

#ncorrect: -ary lies hiing,#ncorrect: -ary lies hiing,

swimming, and to bicycle.swimming, and to bicycle.

%orrect: -ary lies hiing, swimming,%orrect: -ary lies hiing, swimming,

and bicycling.and bicycling.




)ith compound subjects, the)ith compound subjects, the

individual subjects should have theindividual subjects should have the

same form.same form.

#ncorrect#ncorrect: !ugite in large phenocrysts: !ugite in large phenocrysts

and small grain of $livine are commonand small grain of $livine are common

in the lava.in the lava.

%orrect:%orrect: arge augite in phenocrystsarge augite in phenocrystsand small grain of $livine are commonand small grain of $livine are common

in the lava.in the lava.




+se of in"nitive phrases:+se of in"nitive phrases:

#ncorrect: -ary lies to hie, to swim,#ncorrect: -ary lies to hie, to swim,

and bicycling.and bicycling. %orrect: -ary lies%orrect: -ary lies to hike, toto hike, to

swim, and to ic!cle.swim, and to ic!cle.



Parallel construction "Parallel construction "

! parallel structure that begins with clauses ! parallel structure that begins with clausesmust eep on with clauses. %hanging tomust eep on with clauses. %hanging to

another pattern or changing the voice of theanother pattern or changing the voice of the

verb will brea the parallelism. verb will brea the parallelism.

#ncorrect#ncorrect: The salesman expected that he would: The salesman expected that he wouldpresent his product at the meeting, that there wouldpresent his product at the meeting, that there would

be time for him to show his presentation, andbe time for him to show his presentation, and thatthat

#uestions would e asked ! the prospecti$e#uestions would e asked ! the prospecti$e

u!ers.u!ers.

%orrect:%orrect: The salesman expected that he would presentThe salesman expected that he would presenthis product at the meeting, that there would be timehis product at the meeting, that there would be time

for him to show his presentation, and the prospectivefor him to show his presentation, and the prospective

buyers would as him uestions.buyers would as him uestions.



1.1. %hoose the correct answer%hoose the correct answer

to &ll in theto &ll in the lank.lank.

0lla*s job responsibilities include0lla*s job responsibilities include1111,1111, training, and informingtraining, and informing

worers ofworers of company policies.company policies.

!( to hire !( to hire

2( hired2( hired

%( hire%( hire3( none of the above3( none of the above



2. %hoose the correct answer2. %hoose the correct answer

to &ll in theto &ll in the lank.lank.

4enry lies pi55a more than4enry lies pi55a more than

1111111.1111111.

!( spinach !( spinach

2( to eat spinach2( to eat spinach

%( to be eating spinach%( to be eating spinach

3( none of the above3( none of the above




to &ll in theto &ll in the lank.lank. 4e drove to the store to buy mil,4e drove to the store to buy mil,

eggs, andeggs, and 1111111.1111111.

!( to get bread !( to get bread2( bread2( bread

%( getting bread%( getting bread





to &ll in theto &ll in the lank.lank. Tom jogs, swims, and 111111111.Tom jogs, swims, and 111111111.

!( he is ic boxing !( he is ic boxing2( ics boxes2( ics boxes

%( he ic boxes%( he ic boxes3( none of the above3( none of the above




to &ll in theto &ll in the lank.lank. The "lm had many stars, used variousThe "lm had many stars, used various

specialspecial e6ects, and 11111111.e6ects, and 11111111.

!( violence !( violence

2( featured graphic violence2( featured graphic violence

%( it was violent%( it was violent3( none of the above3( none of the above




to &ll in theto &ll in the lank.lank. # thin that learning a new language# thin that learning a new language

is harderis harder than 1111111.than 1111111.

!( math !( math

2( to learn math2( to learn math

%( learning math%( learning math




". %hoose the correct answer". %hoose the correct answer

to &ll in theto &ll in the lank.lank. 7or some very shy people, giving a7or some very shy people, giving a

speechspeech can be as frightening ascan be as frightening as111111111.111111111.

!( having a serious illness !( having a serious illness

2( illness2( illness%( to have an illness%( to have an illness




'. %hoose the correct answer'. %hoose the correct answer

to &ll in theto &ll in the lank.lank. #*d rather be lucy or#*d rather be lucy or

hardworing thanhardworing than 11111111.11111111.

!( to have talent !( to have talent

2( having talent2( having talent

%( talented%( talented




(. %hoose the correct answer(. %hoose the correct answer

to &ll in theto &ll in the lank.lank. That football team has both aThat football team has both a

good o6ensegood o6ense and 111111111.and 111111111.

!( it has a good defense !( it has a good defense

2( a good defense2( a good defense

%( having a good defense%( having a good defense




1). %hoose the correct answer1). %hoose the correct answer

to &ll into &ll in the lank.the lank. 2ob is not only loyal to friends but2ob is not only loyal to friends but

alsoalso 11111111.11111111.

!( he is friendly to strangers !( he is friendly to strangers

2( to be friendly to strangers2( to be friendly to strangers

%( friendly to strangers%( friendly to strangers


6.1 parallelism

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