• 6/1 Focus: 6/1 Focus: – Belief systems of early civilizations Belief systems of early civilizations

varied widely, and helped shaped the varied widely, and helped shaped the societies in which they arose. societies in which they arose.

• Do Now:Do Now:– Identify the social system in the Identify the social system in the

illustration below. illustration below.

Final Exam ReviewFinal Exam Review

Day 4Day 4

• The belief in many gods is known as: – Polytheism

• The belief in one god is known as: – Monotheism

Belief that in nature

spirits exist in all things

Animism Shinto

– Compare and contrast Hinduism and Buddhism

Eightfold Path

Dharma

Karma

Brahman

Reincarnation

Moksha

Nirvana The Caste System

Four Noble Truths No founder

Founded by Siddhartha Guatma

Confucianism

Daoism

Legalism

• Five Pillars of Islam – Allah is the one true God– Give charity to the poor – Make Pilgrimage (Haji) to Mecca– Fasting during the Ramadan – Pray five times a day facing Mecca

• The Four Noble Truths (Buddhism) – Life is suffering – Suffering is caused by selfish desire – Suffering can be eliminated by

eliminating desire – Desire can be eliminated by following

the Eightfold Path

• The Ten Commandments – Code and rules of behavior followed by

Christians and Jews

• The Five Relationships (Confucianism)– Superior to Inferior– Ruler to Subject – Father to Son – Husband to Wife – Older Brother to Younger Brother– Friend to Friend

Muhammad (I)

Jesus (C)

Bible (J,C)

Torah (J)

Koran (I)

5 Pillars (I)

10 Commandments (J,C)

Mosque (I)

Synagogue (J)

Caliphate (I)

Monotheism (I,J,C)

Began in the Middle East (I,J,C)

1. One way in which the Five Relationships, the Ten Commandments, and the Eightfold Path are similar is that they:

A. promote polytheism B. provide codes of behavior C. establish gender equality D. describe secularism

2. Christianity, Islam, and Judaism are similar in that they all ask their followers to

A. believe in reincarnationB. strive for nirvana C. follow a code of behavior D. practice polytheism

3. Which action is most closely associated with polytheism?

A. praying in a synagogue B. worshipping many gods C. accepting the Eightfold Path D. reading the Koran

4. The five relationships taught by Confucius encouraged people to

A. improve their position in life B. maintain social and political order C. respect and worship nature D. serve the needs of religious leaders

5. Which factor most influenced a person’s social position in early Indian societies?

A. educationB. geographic location C. birth D. individual achievement

• Greece• Occurred under the rule of Pericles; • economic growth; arts and culture

flourished • growth of philosophy • democratic principles and institutions

strengthened

• Islamic Caliphate• Advances in Math (Algebra), Science,

and Medicine• Preserved Greek, Roman, Persian

knowledge

• India • Advances in Math (concept of zero)

and medicine• development of Sanskrit language

and literature, • growth of art and architecture

• Ajanta Caves

• West Africa• Occurred under the rule of Mansa

Musa; • spread of Islam over trade networks ;• Wealth from gold and salt trade• Timbuktu became a major center of

learning

• China• Invention of gunpowder, movable

type and block printing, and Porcelain pottery

• Trade along the silk road

1. A major contribution of the Golden Age of Islam was the:

A. Development of mercantilismB. Creation of the first polytheistic

religion C. Spread of democratic ideals D. Advancement of mathematics and

sciences

2. The Tang dynasty of China, the Gupta Empire of India, and the Mali Empire of Africa were similar in that each experienced a period of

A. Prosperity and artistic achievementB. Feudalism and oppressionC. War and constant invasionD. Mercantilism and industrial expansion

• Known as “carriers of civilizations”; traded goods and spread ideas throughout the Mediterranean; inventors of the modern alphabet

• Conquered large empire from Greece to Eastern border of India

• Conquest led to the creation of Hellenistic Culture

• Blended Greek, Persian, Indian, and Egyptian culture

• conquests secured trade and travel along the Silk Road

• Goods and technologies spread from Asia to Europe during the Pax Mongolia

• Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta documented travels to Asia

• Served as a cultural bridge between China and Japan

• One of the largest migrations in human history

• Waves of West African farmers moved east and south through Africa

• Spread West African farming techniques and language

• Spread Cyrillic alphabet, Eastern Orthodox Christianity, art, and architecture to Russia

• Cultural diffusion between the Middle East and Europe grew as a result of large armies traveling to and from the Middle East

• Knowledge and technologies of the Islamic civilization reached Europe

1. What was one result of Large armies traveling great distances during the Crusades?

A. Muslim control of Jerusalem ended B. Feudalism began in western Europe C. Cultural exchanges between the

Middle East and Europe grewD. Christians and Muslims achieved a

lasting peace

2. The spread of Islam into the kingdoms of Ghana and Mali resulted from

A. Imperialism B. Ethnocentrism C. Cultural diffusion D. Self-determination

3. The Silk Road was important because it allowed for the:

A. Exploration of China by the Roman Army B. Development of agriculture by the nomadic

people of Central Asia C. Movement of Chinese armies through

Southeast AsiaD. Exchange of goods between Asia and the

Middle East

• What was the effect of the extensive Mongol Empire on the people who lived in Europe and Asia in the 1200’s

A. Development of a common languageB. Adoption of Confucian ideas and

practices C. Expansion of Japanese cultural

traditions D. Significant increases in trade and

travel