6. Et fortūnam et vītam antīquae patriæ sæpe laudās sed recūsās.

7. Mē vītāre turbam jubēs. 8. Mē philosophiæ dō. 9. Philosophia est ars vītæ. 10.Sānam fōrmam vītæ cōnservāte.

11. Immodica īra creat īnsāniam. 12.Quid cōgitās?—dēbēmus īram vītāre. 13.Nūlla avāritia sine pœnā est. 14.Mē sævīs catēnīs onerat. 15.Rotam fortūnæ nōn timent.

16.The girls save the poet’s life. 17.Without philosophy we often go

astray and pay the penalty. 18. If your land is strong, nothing

terrifies the sailors and you (sg.) ought to praise your great fortune.

19.You (pl.) often see the penalty of my anger and warn me.

20.The ancient gate is large.

first declensionsingular plural

nominative fēmina fēminæ

genitive fēminæ fēminārum

dative fēminæ fēminīs

accusative fēminam fēminās

ablative fēminā fēminīs

second declension

singular plural

nominative numerus numerī

genitive numerī numerōrum

dative numerō numerīs

accusative numerum numerōs

ablative numerō numerīs

regular pattern (-us, -ī)

First Declension

Second Declension

-us

Second Declension

-ius

Second Declension

-er/-ir

Singular same as nominative -e -ī same as

nominative

Plural same as nominative

same as nominative

same as nominative

same as nominative

Vocative Caseused for addressing someone, sometimes with Ō

Salvē, Ō patria! Valē, patria mea.

always same as nominative except in second declension

Etenim sī mēcum patria, quæ mihi vītā meā multō est cārior, sī cuncta Ītalia, sī omnis rēs pūblica loquātur:

“Marce Tullī, quid agis?”

famous vocatives

So, what’s the nominative of his name?

singular plural

nominative vir virī

genitive virī virōrum

dative virō virīs

accusative virum virōs

ablative virō virīs

second declensionsome -ir and -er nouns don’t add -us

in nominative singular

common mistake

nominative vir vīrus

genitive virī vīrī

gender masculine neuter

meaning man slime, poison

vowel short long

second declension

singular plural

nom ager puer agrī puerī

gen agrī puerī agrōrum puerōrum

dat agrō puerō agrīs puerīs

acc agrum puerum agrōs puerōs

abl agrō puerō agrīs puerīs

some -ir and -er nouns don’t add -usin nominative singular

note: the e drops

-er wordsdrops -e- doesn’t drop -e-

ager, agrī field puer, puerī boy

magister, magistrī master adulter, adulterī adulterer

faber, fabrī smith lūcifer, lūciferī morning star

liber, librī book Līber, Līberī god of wine

number case 1 2

singular nominative a us

genitive æ ī

dative æ ō

accusative am um

ablative ā ō

plural nominative æ ī

genitive ārum ōrum

dative īs īs

accusative ās ōs

ablative īs īs

1. Name the case, number, and syntactical usage indicated by each of the following endings of masculines of the 2nd declension: (1) -um; (2) -ī (pl.); (3) -us; (4) -ōs; (5) -e.

2. Name the case(s) and number of the following endings, and name the English preposition which can be associated with each: (1) -ō; (2) -ōrum; (3) -ī (sg.); (4) -īs.

3. Translate the following nouns and state the syntactical usage of each as indicated by its ending: (1) fīliōs; (2) fīliī (pl.); (3) fīlium; (4) populum; (5) popule; (6) populus; (7) vir; (8) virōs; (9) virī (pl.); (10) virum; (11) amīce; (12) amīcī (pl.); (13) amīcōs; (14) amīcum.

Given the following nom. sg. forms, write the Latin forms requested in each instance:

1. populus Rōmānus in gen. and abl. sg. 2. magnus vir in acc. and abl. pl. 3. puer meus in dat. and abl. pl. 4. magnus numerus in dat. and abl. sg. 5. magnus vir in voc. sg. and pl. 6. fīlius meus in gen. sg. and pl.

Translate the following phrases into Latin according to the case named or indicated by the English preposition in each instance:

1. of many boys 2. to / for the Roman people 3. my sons (object of verb) 4. O my sons 5. a great number (obj. of verb) 6. by the great number 7. O great man 8. to / for many boys 9. the great man (subj. of verb) 10. of the Roman people.

Noun Vocabulary Entries

fēmina, fēminæ, f, woman vir, virī, m, man

nominative genitive gender barbaric grunting

nominative genitive gender barbaric grunting

1 5 2 3 4

æ ēī ī is ūs

genitive tells you which declension the noun follows

Adjectives

Mutable properties: case, number, gender

Fixed properties:

none

fēmina

vir rōmānus

Rōmāna

NOUNS and ADJECTIVES

“agree” (match) in CASE,

NUMBER,

and GENDER,

not necessarily

declension.

pīrātaAnglicus

person singular plural

first sum sumus

second es estis

third est sunt

sum, esse, fuī, futūrus — to be

pīrātæ sunt…

agricolæ sunt…

fēminæ sunt…puella est…

…parva

…malī

…hūmānī

…bellæ

…stultus

populus est…

…Rōmānus

magister est…

Homework

Chapter 3 Exercitātiōnēs and Sententiæ Antīquæ

No quiz on Thursday; you’ll start Chapter 4 with Maria and work through a chapter of LLPSI

cochlea sæva f. cochleæ sævæ f.

vir armātusvirī armātī m.

bellum perpetuumbellī perpetuī n.

1. Fīlium nautæ Rōmānī in agrīs vidēmus. 2. Puerī puellās hodiē vocant. 3. Sapientiam amīcārum tuārum, Ō fīlia mea, semper laudat. 4. Multī virī et fēminæ philosophiam antīquam cōnservant. 5. Sī īra valet, Ō mī fīlī, saepe errāmus et poenās damus. 6. Fortūna virōs magnōs amat. 7. Agricola fīliābus fīliīs pecūniam dat. 8. Without a few friends life is not strong. 9. Today you have much fame in your country. 10.We see great fortune in your daughters’ lives, my friend. 11.He always gives my daughters and sons roses. creepster

see next slide

normal archaic example

dative -īs -ābus deābus

ablative -īs -ābus deābus

archaic dative/ablative plural in first declension

Only found in:

dea goddess (rare, metrical)

fīlia daughter, nāta daughter, līberta freedwomanequa mare, mūla mare mule, asina jenny

(almost exclusively in legal documents)

You’re always safe using the normal -īs ending!

1. Dēbētis, amīcī, dē populō Rōmānō cōgitāre. 2. Mæcēnās, amīcus Augustī, mē in numerō amīcōrum habet. ” 3. Libellus meus et sententiæ meæ vītās virōrum monent. 4. Paucī virī sapientiæ student. 5. Fortūna adversa virum magnæ sapientiæ nōn terret. 6. Cimōn, vir magnæ fāmæ, magnam benevolentiam habet. 7. Semper avārus eget. 8. Nūlla cōpia pecūniæ avārum virum satiat. 9. Pecūnia avārum irrītat, nōn satiat. 10.Sēcrētō amīcōs admonē, laudā palam. 11.Modum tenēre dēbēmus.

number case 1 2

singular nominative a us

genitive æ ī

dative æ ō

accusative am um

ablative ā ō

plural nominative æ ī

genitive ārum ōrum

dative īs īs

accusative ās ōs

ablative īs īs

fēmina

vir rōmānus

Rōmāna

pīrātaAnglicus

NOUNS and ADJECTIVES

“agree” (match) in CASE,

NUMBER,

and GENDER,

not necessarily

declension.

2nd Declension Masc. / Fem. Neuter

Nominative Singular us umGenitive ī īDative ō ōAccusative um umAblative ō ōNominative Plural ī aGenitive ōrum ōrumDative īs īsAccusative ōs aAblative īs īs

Singular Plural

Nominative dōnum dōna

Genitive dōnī dōnōrum

Dative dōnō dōnīs

Accusative dōnum dōna

Ablative dōnō dōnō

Second Declension Neuter

Singular Plural

Nominative δῶρον dōnum δῶρα dōna

Genitive δώρου dōnī δώρων dōnōrum

Dative δώρῳ dōnō δώροις dōnīs

Accusative δῶρον dōnum δῶρα dōna

Ablative dōnō dōnīs

Comparison of Greek and Latin2nd Declension Neuter

1. A 2nd-declension neuter has the same forms as the regular 2nd-declension masculine except in three instances. Name these three instances and give their neuter endings.

2. Name the case(s), number, and syntactical usage indicated by each of the following endings of the 2nd-declension neuter nouns 1. -a; 2. -um.

Adjectives Masculine Feminine Neuter

Nominative us a umGenitive ī æ īDative ō æ ōAccusative um am umAblative ō ā ōNominative ī æ aGenitive ōrum ārum ōrumDative īs īs īsAccusative ōs a aAblative īs īs īs

-um -ī

bāsium bāsiī kiss (poetic; avoid this word)

bellum bellī war

cōnsilium cōnsiliī plan, purpose, counsel, advice

dōnum dōnī gift, present

exitium exitiī destruction, ruin

officium officiī duty, service

ōtium ōtiī leisure, peace

perīculum perīculī danger, risk

remedium remediī cure, remedy

osculum, osculī: kiss (chaste) suāvium, suāviī: kiss (for real)

1. Ōtium est bonum. 2. Perīculum est magnum. 3. In magnō perīculō sumus. 4. Et ōtium perīcula saepe habet. 5. Vīta nōn est sine multīs perīculīs. 6. Bonī virī ōtium nōn amant. 7. Stultus vir perīcula bellī laudat. (Dulce bellum inexpertīs) 8. Ōtium bellō servāre nōn possumus. 9. Ōtium multī laudant honestum, sed inhonestum cupiunt. 10.Otium puerīs, virīs negōtium.

person singular plural

first sum sumus

second es estis

third est sunt

sum, esse, fuī, futūrus — to be

subject verb predicate nominative

ego (I) sum bonus, bona, bonum

tū (you) es malus, mala, malum

vir est stultus, stulta, stultum

fēmina magnus, magna, magnum

bellum amīcus, amīca, amīcum

nōs (we) sumus avārus, avāra, avārum

vōs (you) estis hūmānus, -a, -um

virī sunt Rōmānus, -a, -um

fēminæ

bella

fistula nicotiānapilleus nauticus

saccuslīnea margarītārum

tēlephōnumcastulatunicaarmillazōna

marsūpium

Quid gerit?Quid manū tenet?

homework

translate the exercitātiōnēs and senteniæ of chapter 4 (p. 37)

review the vocabulary of chapter 4