5th international graduate conference on engineering science & humanity 2014 (igcesh 2014)
DESCRIPTION
TORREFACTION OF OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH (EFB) BRIQUETTESTRANSCRIPT
Torrefaction of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) briquettes
- Bemgba Bevan Nyakuma -
IGCESH 2014- Johor Bahru, Malaysia -
Co-authors
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Anwar Johari, Arshad Ahmad, Tuan Amran Tuan Abdullah, Syie Luing Wong.
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Outline
What is Biomass Torrefaction?
Why is Torrefaction important?
How can Torrefaction be carried out?
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• Mild pyrolysis thermal pre-treatment 200-300°C oxygen deficient environment.
• Drying, Devolatization, Depolymerisation.• Removes H2O and CO2
• Properties of Torrefied biomass temperature, time & biomass type.
What is Biomass Torrefaction?
Importance of Torrefaction?
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• Mass loss hemicellulose decomposition
• Improves heating value & energy density
• Structure modification brittleless or grindability
Weight Loss during Torrefaction of Wood
Importance of Torrefaction?
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• Decrease in mass, devolatization depolymerisation
• O/C & H/C ratios.
• Higher heating value (HHV), Energy density
Van Krevelen Diagram
Importance of Torrefaction?
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• Increased C & reduced O content reduces thermodynamic losses
• Reduced moisture pelletization & densification handling & transport
• Reduces hygroscopicity long term storage
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• Colour changes in torrefied biomass • Carbon & Fixed Carbon
content
• Examples of Torrefaction• roasting of coffee beans, • low temp production of
biochar
Colour changes during Torrefaction of Palm waste
Importance of Torrefaction?
How can Torrefaction be carried out?
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How can Torrefaction be carried out?
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• Size Reduction Torrefaction Pelletization
• Pelletization biomass pre-treatment technique
• Improves biomass fuel properties mass-heat transfer
How can Torrefaction be carried out?
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• Our method proposed reversing the process;
• Pelletization Torrefaction Size Reduction
• Why normal procedure inefficient, costly, & time consuming
Methodology
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Experimental set up for oil palm EFB Briquette Torrefaction.
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Results & Discussion?
Temperature (°C )
Mass of Torrefied EFB Briquette (g)
Mass Yield (g)
Mass Yield (%)
220 9.02 0.90 90.20250 7.44 0.74 74.40275 6.25 0.63 62.50300 4.22 0.42 42.20
Effect of Torrefaction Temperature of oil palm EFB Briquettes.
• Mass yield decreased from 90.20 - 42.20 % with increasing temperature
• Due to drying, partial devolatization & hemicellulose depolymerisation
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Any Results?
• Colour gradually changed from greyish brown to black.
• Increase in carbon & fixed carbon content partial devolatization and decomposition of hemicellulose.
(a) Raw feedstock; (b) 220 °C (c) 250 °C (d) 275 °C (e) 300 °C.
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Results…
Time (min)
Mass of Torrefied EFB Briquette (g)
Mass Yield(g)
Mass Yield (%)
15.00 9.33 0.93 93.3030.00 7.89 0.79 78.9060.00 4.22 0.42 42.20
Effect of Residence Time on Torrefaction of oil palm EFB Briquettes
• Mass yield 93.3 % to 42.20 %.
• Ym at t = 15 mins is drying mass yield moisture content.
• Ym at t =30, 60 mins devolatization & hemicellulose decomp.
carbon & fixed carbon content.
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Conclusion
• Temperature and residence time significantly mass yield of oil palm EFB Briquettes during torrefaction.
• Optimal mass yield of oil palm EFB briquettes torrefaction can be achieved at 300 °C @ t = 60 mins.
• Torrefaction of pelletized palm waste showed higher mass yield than previously reported.
Thank you
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References
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• Uemura, Y., Omar, W.N., Tsutsui, T., & Yusup, S.B. Torrefaction of oil palm wastes. Fuel, 90 (8), (2011), 2585-2591.
• Prins, M.J., Ptasinski, K.J., & Janssen, F.J. More efficient biomass gasification via torrefaction. Energy, 31(15), (2006), 3458-3470.
• Uemura, Y., Omar, W., Othman, N. A., Yusup, S., & Tsutsui, T. Torrefaction of oil palm EFB in the presence of oxygen. Fuel, 103, (2013), 156-160.
• Basu, P. Biomass gasification and pyrolysis: practical design and theory. Academic press (2010).• Bridgeman, T.G., Jones, J.M., Shield, I., & Williams, P.T. Torrefaction of reed canary grass,
wheat straw and willow to enhance solid fuel qualities and combustion properties. Fuel, 87(6), (2008) 844-856.
• Pimchuai, A., Dutta, A., & Basu, P. Torrefaction of agriculture residue to enhance combustible properties. Energy & Fuels, 24(9), (2010), 4638-4645.