5th grade grammar & vocabulary skills book

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5th Grade Grammar &

Vocabulary Skills

Copyright © 2014 Inspire the Love of Learning

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Table of Contents

Nouns 3

Plural Nouns 7

Subjects 11

Verbs 14

Linking Verbs 18

Commas 19

Conjunctions, Commas, and Compound Sentences 26

Complex Sentences 30

Types of Sentences 33

Pronouns 35

Possessive Nouns 37

Subject -‐ Verb Agreement 40

Verb Tenses 43

Perfect Verb Tenses 49

Conjunctions 58

Prepositions 60

Interjections 63

Correlative Conjunctions 66

Titles of Books 68

Capitalization 70

Quotation Marks 73

Adjectives 78

Adverbs 83

Vocabulary (Prefixes & Suffixes) 88

Vocabulary (Homophones) 120

Greek and Latin Roots 132

Assessments 175-‐185

3

Noun Review

A noun is a person, place, thing, or idea.

Look at the following examples.

The nouns are underlined.

Example 1

The boy went to the store.

boy = person store = place

Example 2

The picture hanging on the wall was beautiful.

picture = thing wall = thing

Guided Practice

Underline the nouns in the following sentences. Then tell if the noun is a person, place, thing,

or idea.

1. Much of the South was destroyed during the Civil War.

____________________, ____________________

2. Abraham Lincoln’s goal was to preserve the Union and end the Civil War as quickly as

possible.

____________________, ____________________, ____________________, ____________________

3. Andrew Johnson wanted to humiliate the wealthy southerners.

____________________, ____________________, ____________________

4. Congress wanted to punish the South.

____________________, ____________________, ____________________

NOUN = Person, Place, Thing, or Idea

4

Nouns

Independent Practice

Write the nouns from the following sentences on the lines. Then tell whether the noun is a

person, place, thing, or idea.

Example

Cowboys drove the herds of cattle across the plains.

Cowboys – person, herds – thing, cattle – thing, plains – place

1. The Thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery.

______________________________, ______________________________

2. The Fourteenth Amendment gave citizenship to all former slaves.

______________________________, ______________________________, ______________________________

3. The Fifteenth Amendment gave all men the right to vote.

______________________________, ______________________________, ______________________________,

______________________________

4. Reconstruction helped former slaves to have hope.

______________________________, ______________________________, ______________________________

5. Many former slaves had to work as sharecroppers.

______________________________, ______________________________

6. The Freedmen’s Bureau helped establish schools and hospitals.

______________________________, ______________________________, ______________________________

7. Northerners who came to the South to take advantage of Southerners were called

carpetbaggers. ______________________________, ______________________________,

______________________________, ______________________________

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Nouns

Independent Practice Continued

8. Southerners that supported Reconstruction were called scalawags.

______________________________, ______________________________, ______________________________

9. All of the plans for Reconstruction called for an end to slavery.

______________________________, ______________________________, ______________________________,

______________________________

10. The South was rebuilt during Reconstruction.

______________________________, ______________________________

Writing

Write three to five sentences telling about something you could do to help someone else this

week. Then underline all of the nouns in the sentences. Remember, a noun is a person, place,

thing, or idea.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Nouns


Underline the nouns in the sentences and then write the nouns in the correct box.

1. African Americans wanted to find their families.

2. The 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments were designed to end slavery and protect the

rights of the newly freed slaves.

3. Protection for the rights of African Americans was needed.

4. Most freedmen couldn’t purchase land because they did not have money.

5. Many freedmen worked as sharecroppers.

6. African Americans were able to vote and hold political office during the

Reconstruction period.

7. The Compromise of 1877 ended Reconstruction.

8. After Reconstruction the Democrats won control of the southern state governments.

9. Terrorist groups like the KKK violated the constitutional fights of freedmen.

10. African Americans established strong communities in the South.

Person/People Place Thing Idea African Americans Families

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Plural Nouns

Plural nouns name more than one person, place, thing, or idea. There are different ways to

form plural nouns. Look at the examples below to help you know how to spell plural nouns.

• Rule 1: Usually you just add s to a singular noun to make it plural.

paper/papers drink/drinks school/schools

• Rule 2: However, if a singular noun ends in ch, sh, x, z, s, or ss, then you need to add

es to make the noun plural.

fox/foxes bush/bushes dish/dishes

• Rule 3: When a noun ends in a vowel and y, then just add s.

toy/toys key/keys donkey/donkeys

• Rule 4: If a singular noun ends in a consonant followed by y, then change the y to i

and add es to make the noun plural.

baby/babies city/cities candy/candies

• Rule 5: For nouns that end in f or fe, change the f or fe to v and add es.

knife/knives half/halves shelf/shelves

• Rule 6: For most nouns that end in o, just add an s to make it plural. All nouns that

end in a vowel and an o just need an s added in the plural form.

solo/solos logo/logos studio/studios

• Rule 7: Some nouns that end in o are spelled with es to make the plural.

buffalo/buffaloes hero/heroes tomato/tomatoes

• Rule 8: Some nouns do not follow these rules. They are irregular plural forms.

The spelling of these nouns will need to be memorized.

ox/oxen mouse/mice child/children

• Rule 9: Some nouns do not change from singular to plural. These nouns have the

same singular and plural forms.

fish/fish moose/moose headquarters/headquarters

sheep/sheep species/species deer/deer

series/series cattle/cattle offspring/offspring

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Plural Nouns -‐ Guided Practice

Use rule 1 to complete the chart.

Singular Noun Plural Noun

1. paper

2. minute

3. ski

4. sprout

5. chair



1. church

2. box

3. gas

4. sandwich

5. kiss



1. delay

2. survey

3. donkey

4. boy

5. day



1. country

2. puppy

3. family

4. gallery

5. reality


1. hoof

2. self

3. wolf

4. thief

5. shelf



1. piano

2. video

3. studio

4. radio

5. memo



1. hero

2. tomato

3. echo

4. buffalo

5. zero



1. species

2. child

3. woman

4. man

5. person


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Plural Nouns -‐ Independent Practice



1. school

2. hand

3. pencil

4. flower

5. plastic



1. reflex

2. bus

3. dress

4. buzz

5. wish



1. alley

2. play

3. ray

4. tray

5. way



1. beauty

2. berry

3. party

4. trophy

5. victory


1. wolf

2. loaf

3. calf

4. scarf

5. leaf



1. photo

2. typo

3. avocado

4. kangaroo

5. taco



1. potato

2. mango

3. mosquito

4. veto

5. volcano



1. goose

2. cactus

3. foot

4. mouse

5. scissors


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Plural Nouns -‐ Independent Practice

Write the plural form of the noun and then tell which rule you used.

Singular Noun Plural Noun Rule #

Church

Pass

Mess

Moose

Nanny

Fox

Elf

Foot

Bus

Boat

Fly

Hat

Life

Glass

Way

Child

Photo

Torpedo

Person

Fish

Marsh

Buzz

Fairy

Wish

Variety

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Subject Review

A subject is a noun that tells who or what the sentence is about.

Example 1

The boy went to the store.

Who went to the store? Boy

Example 2

The large machine made a lot of noise.

What made a lot of noise? Machine

Guided Practice

Underline the subject in the following sentences. Remember, a subject must be a noun.

Look back to page 2 to see the nouns that have already been identified.


2. People could travel west on the Transcontinental Railroad.



5. Southerners passed Black Codes to limit the freedom of former slaves.

Subject = Noun

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Subjects



Look back to pages 3 and 4 to see the nouns that have already been identified.




4. The 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments were designed to end slavery and protect the

rights of the newly freed slaves.





carpetbaggers.

9. Scalawags were Southerners that supported Reconstruction.



12. Black Codes would not allow a black man to testify in court against white man.

13. Black Codes allowed African American children who did not have parents to be

apprenticed to work for white men.

14. Southerners did not want to give up their way of life.

15. People who opposed slavery did not believe anyone had the right to own anyone a

person.

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Subjects



Look back to page 5 to see the nouns that have already been identified.


2. Protection for the rights of African Americans was needed.









Writing

Write three to four sentences describing someone you know who is a kind person. Then

underline the subject in each sentence. Remember, a subject is a noun.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Verb Review

An action verb shows action.

The verb tells who or what the subject does.

Example 1

Sarah dances everyday.

What does Sarah do? Dances

Example 2

Fred plays baseball.

What does Fred do? Plays

Guided Practice

You have already found the nouns and the subject of these sentences on previous pages.

Now, circle the verb in each sentence that shows the action of the subject.


6. People could travel west on the Transcontinental Railroad.



9. Southerners passed Black Codes to limit the freedom of former slaves.

Verb = Action

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Verbs


You have found the nouns and the subject of each of these sentences on previous pages. Now

underline the verb that shows the action of the subject.




4. The three Reconstruction amendments were designed to end slavery and protect the

right of the newly freed slaves.





carpetbaggers.

9. Southerners that supported Reconstruction were called Scalawags.



12. Black Codes would not allow a black man to testify in court against white man.

13. Black Codes allowed African American children who did not have parents to be

apprenticed to work for white men.

14. Southerners did not want to give up their way of life.

15. People who opposed slavery did not believe anyone had the right to own anyone a

person.

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Verbs -‐ Independent Practice

You have found the nouns and the subject of each of these sentences on previous pages. Now

underline the verb that shows the action of the subject.


2. The three Reconstruction amendments were designed to end slavery and protect the

right of the newly freed slaves.

3. When Reconstruction ended there was not protection for the rights of African

American.









Writing -‐ How does it make you feel when you see someone treated wrong? Underline the

verb in each sentence.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Subject and Verb Practice

Remember, the subject has to be a ____________________.

The subject tells who or what the sentence is about.

The verb shows ____________________.

Usually the subject comes before the verb.

Underline the subject and circle the verb.

1. This book was written a long time ago.

2. Most children watch too much television.

3. Kindness should be given to everyone.

4. Some dogs bark too much.

5. Some people swim for exercise.

6. The wind whispered through the forest.

7. Cell phones are very popular among teenagers.

8. The painting fit in the large frame.

9. Do you like to read?

10. Have you ever visited Washington D.C.?

11. The house was built quickly.

12. The chef cooked a great meal.

13. The man drove a nice car.

14. The boys wrestled each other for the football.

15. Birds sing every morning.

A sentence

needs a subject & a verb.

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Linking Verb Review

A linking verb does not show action, but connects or links the subject to the rest of the

sentence. Some examples of linking verbs are the following.

am, is, are, was, were, has, become, seem, feel, look

Example 1

Sarah is pretty.

Example 2

They were happy.

Guided Practice

Underline the linking verb in each sentence.

1. The Wright Brothers are famous for inviting the airplane.

2. Electricity was a great invention.

3. Immigrants were attracted to the jobs created by big businesses in America.

4. Inventions became very important to the American economy.

5. Big business owners were very wealthy.



1. Basketball is an international sport that was invented many years ago.

2. Today’s inventions look different than they used to look.

3. Many women were happy when the washing machine was invented.

4. Alexander Graham Bell was the inventor of the telephone.

5. People were happy to have electricity.

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Commas

Always use commas to separate a series of three or more things.

Example:

He likes to play basketball, football, and soccer.

Some people like to go skiing, sledding, or ice skating in the winter.

Guided Practice

Rewrite the sentences and add commas where they belong in the sentences.

1. The Freedmen’s Bureau was set up in the South to provide food schools and medical

care. __________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Black Codes denied African Americans the right to vote own guns take certain jobs or

own land. _________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Reconstruction was needed in the South because the land had been damaged the

Southern economy was destroyed and the Confederate government was powerless.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Johnson’s Plan for Reconstruction included the 10% Plan going easy on the South and

allowing Ex-‐Confederate soldiers to participate in the new government.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

Use a comma in a series of 3 or more

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Commas



1. The Freedmen’s Bureau was established for refugees freedmen and abandoned lands.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. The goal of the KKK was to use violence intimidation and voter fraud against African

Americans. ___________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Mountain ranges rivers and deserts formed obstacles for settlers who wanted to move

westward. ____________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. The major rivers systems of the West that had to be crossed by settlers were the

Mississippi the Columbia the Colorado and the Snake Rivers. __________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Summers brought drought extreme heat dust storms and swarms of insects that made

it difficult for settlers traveling westward. ________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. The Transcontinental Railroad made a way to travel across the United States helped

transport goods across the country and helped the economy. ___________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Commas

Always use a comma to separate the name of someone being addressed.

Example:

Tom, do you like sports?

We need to go to the store, Joe.

I need to go to the store, Joe, to get some milk.

Guided Practice

Place a comma in the sentence where it belongs.

1. Mr. Smith did you grade my homework?

2. Did you grade my homework Mr. Smith?

3. Would you grade my homework Mr. Smith so I can correct it?

4. Sarah please put the biscuits in the oven.

5. I would like to visit the museum Fred.



1. Did you know that the Wright Brothers started the aircraft industry Brian?

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Mrs. Jones I discovered that the light bulb changed working habits of Americans.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

Use a comma

when addressing someone.

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Commas -‐ Independent Practice Continued

3. Edison’s invention led to the creation of General Electric Company Mr. Simpson which

provided many jobs.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Sally did you know many immigrants were attracted to the jobs in America that were

created by big businesses?

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Susan can you believe that immigrants worked for low wages and helped American

businesses grow?

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Ben many unemployed farmers moved to the city to search for industrial work in the

early 1900s.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

7. Immigrants faced resistance from native-‐born Americans for a variety of reasons Tim.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

8. Did you know that immigrants Christi created ethnic neighborhoods in the cities?

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Commas

Always use a comma to set off the words yes and no at the

beginning of a sentence or to set off a tag question from the

rest of the sentence.

Example:

Yes, I want to go to the store.

No, I do not want to go to the store.

It’s true, isn’t it?

Yes, I like music, don’t you?

Guided Practice

Use the appropriate editing mark to insert a comma where it belongs.

1. No he does not want a drink.

2. Yes thank you she does want another serving.

3. You won didn’t you?

Answer each question with a sentence. Be sure to include yes or no at the beginning of the

sentence.

4. Do you want to go to the museum?

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Do you like ice cream?

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

Use a comma after yes or no at the beginning of a sentence.

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Commas


Rewrite each sentence adding the correct punctuation (commas and end punctuation).

1. No we do not want to have homework tonight

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Yes she does look beautiful in her new dress

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

3. The new shopping mall isn’t very far from here is it

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Yes I plan to go to college to get a degree in teaching

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

5. You like it don’t you

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Yes I do don’t you

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. Yes I completed my homework

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

8. He graduated from Harvard didn’t he

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Commas

Use the following instruction to help you.

1. Always use commas to separate a series of three or more things.

2. Always use a comma to separate the name of someone being addressed.

3. Always use a comma to set off the words yes and no at the beginning of a sentence.

4. Always use a comma to set off a tag question from the rest of the sentence.


Place a comma where one belongs in the following sentences.

1. Dogs like treats warm beds and a pat on the back.

2. No Fred does not have a dog.

3. Yes Ted does have a dog.

4. You have a dog don’t you?

5. Mindy do you have dog?

6. Yes you can pet the dog.

7. Timmy do you have a leash we can borrow?

8. The dog is beautiful isn’t it?

9. Yes it is.

10. Mom would you buy a dog?

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Conjunctions, Commas, and Compound Sentences

A conjunction is a connecting word. The most common conjunctions are and, but, and or.

Always use a conjunction and a comma to connect two simple sentences into one compound

sentence.

Why should you use a compound sentence? A compound

sentence may help to create better sentence fluency.

Examples

AND

Use the conjunction ‘and’ to connect two similar thoughts.

Example: I washed the car. I cleaned my room.

I washed the car, __________ I cleaned my room.

BUT

Use the conjunction ‘but’ to connect contrasting thoughts.

Example: She wanted to go to the store. He wanted to go to the park.

She wanted to go to the store, __________ he wanted to go to the park.

OR

Use the conjunction ‘or’ to show alternative thoughts.

Example: We can go to the water park. We can go to the swimming pool.

We can go the water park, __________ we can go to the swimming pool.

.

Use a conjunction & a comma to join two simple sentences.

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Guided Practice

1. When do you use the conjunction ‘and’?

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. When do you use the conjunction ‘but’?

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. When do you use the conjunction ‘or’?

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. What two things do you need to join two simple sentences into one compound

sentence?

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

Use the conjunction given to combine the two simple sentences into a compound sentence.

5. Science is an ongoing process. There is always more to learn. (and)

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

6. There are many skills a scientist can use. The six basic process skills are essential.

(but) __________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. All of the your senses may be needed for an observation. You may only need to use

one of your senses for an observation. (or)

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

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Use the conjunction given to combine the two simple sentences into a compound sentence.

1. Abraham Lincoln wanted to be easy on the South after the Civil War. The Radical

Republicans wanted to be hard on the South. (but) _____________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

1. African Americans could stay in the South and become sharecroppers. African

Americans could move north to find a job. (or) _________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

2. The 13th Amendment freed the slaves everywhere in the United States. The 14th

amendment gave African Americans citizenship in the U.S.A. (and) ___________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

3. The 15th amendment gave African Americans the right to vote. Some people in the

South tried to keep African Americans from voting by administering literacy tests.

(but) __________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Abraham Lincoln’s goal was to preserve the Union. Abraham Lincoln wanted to end

the Civil War as quickly as possible. (and) _______________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Use a comma and a conjunction to join the two simple sentences. Write the new compound

sentence.

1. Inferences are important. You must make observations before you can make an

inference. (but)

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Quantitative observations are observations that can be measured with numbers.

Qualitative observations are observations that are made with your senses. (and)

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

3. You can communicate information through talking. Communication can take place

through a written form. (or)

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Scientists use process skills. These skills help scientists to gather information. (and)

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

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Complex Sentences

A complex sentence is a sentence with an independent clause that can stand alone as a

sentence and at least one dependent clause that cannot stand alone.

Example:

SIMPLE SENTENCES

Her friend was invited to the party. She did not want to go.

COMPOUND SENTENCE

Her friend was invited to the party, but she did not want to go.

COMPLEX

Although her friend was invited to the party, she did not want to go.

Guided Practice

In the following sentences identify the independent clause and the dependent clause.

Example:

1. Even though there are many skills a scientist can use, there are six basic process skills

that are essential.

Independent Clause – _______________________________________________________________________

Dependent Clause – _________________________________________________________________________

2. Even though some science investigations do not require quantitative observations,

there are some that require both quantitative and qualitative observations.



You’ve got this!

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Complex Sentences


1. Although the Wright Brothers originally built bicycles, they developed a love for

aviation.



2. Before the light bulb, factory workers could only work during daylight hours.



3. After the invention of the light bulb, factories had longer working hours that their

employees worked.



4. Even though some Americans welcomed immigrants, there were others that did not

want immigrants to come to America.



5. Even though immigrants were not always welcomed, they supplied a great part of the

labor force that helped to make the U.S. the world’s largest industrial power.



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Compound and Complex Sentence Review


Determine what type of sentence and write compound or complex for each sentence.

1. After practicing for several months, he made the team! ____________________

2. If you want to be healthy, you should exercise often. ____________________

3. I like to go to the park, and I like to watch movies. ____________________

4. When the weather is nice people like to go to the park. ____________________

5. He likes to play softball, but he can’t play today. ____________________

6. She cooked dinner, and he cleaned the dishes. ____________________

7. Since she studied for the test she did well on the test. ____________________

8. Fred wants to go outside, but first he must do his homework. ____________________

9. Do you like to use a pencil, or do you like to use a pen? ____________________

10. If it rains today, we will play inside. ____________________

Writing

Write a paragraph about your favorite thing to do. You must include at least one compound

sentence or one complex sentence.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

33

Types of Sentences

A declarative sentence makes a statement. It declares something. It ends with a period.

Inventions helped to promote industrial growth in the late 19th century.

An interrogative sentence asks a question. It ends with a question mark.

When did the economy change from being based on agriculture to being

based more on the production of manufactured goods?

An imperative sentence gives a command or makes a request. It ends with a period. The

subject (you) is not shown, but understood.

Please turn on the electricity.

An exclamatory sentence shows strong feeling. It ends with an exclamation mark.

People were so excited to travel west on the Transcontinental Railroad!

Guided Practice

Write whether each sentence is declarative, interrogative, imperative, or exclamatory.

Underline the subject in each sentence one time and circle the verb.

1. Did you know that when the railroads crossed the plains they affected the bison that

had freely wandered there? ____________________

2. They finally had cash crops, such as corn and wheat, that provided profits!

____________________

3. Andrew Carnegie developed the Bessemer process, which converted iron into steel.

____________________

4. Tell me about the Chinese workers who helped build the railroad from west to east.

____________________

34


Write 2 examples of each type of sentence.

Declarative Sentences

1. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

2. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

Interrogative Sentences

1. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

2. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

Imperative Sentences

1. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

2. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

Exclamatory Sentences

1. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

2. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

35

Pronoun Review

Pronouns are words that take the place of a noun or noun phrase.

Singular Pronouns: I, me, you, she, her, he, him, it

Plural Pronouns: we, us, you, they, them

Possessive Pronouns are pronouns that show ownership.

Examples of Possessive Pronouns

Used Before a Noun: my, your, her, his, its, our, their

Used By Itself: mine, your, hers, his, ours, theirs

Guided Practice

Underline the pronoun or pronouns in each sentence.

Underline each action or linking verb.

1. It is really cool.

2. My dog barks a lot, doesn’t he?

3. Those toys belong to her.

4. Did you catch it?

5. They wanted to eat hamburgers.

6. Those clothes belong to them.

7. We talked for hours.

8. That new car is ours.

9. You will love the beach!

10. Will you bring them with us?

Pronouns take the place of a noun.

36


Circle the pronoun that best replaces the underlined word in each sentence.

1. Explorers and mountain men followed the Native American trails when they traveled

west and the trails helped the explorers and mountain men. (them, it)

2. The railroad stretched from east to west and the railroad made traveling much faster.

(them, it)

3. The railroad helped get crops to market where the crops could be sold. (theirs, they)

4. Ranchers and cowboys cooperated to develop the cattle industry and ranchers and

cowboys helped each other. (it, they)

5. European immigrants built the Union Pacific Railroad and the Union Pacific Railroad

stretched from east to west. (its, it)

6. The Central Pacific Railroad was built from the west to the east and the Central Pacific

Railroad met the Union Pacific Railroad in Utah. (they, it)

7. The weather affected the settlers who traveled west so the settlers had to time their

trip at the right time of the year. (them, they)

8. Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone, but Alexander Graham Bell did not

invent the light bulb. (him, he)

9. Many labor saving devices were invented for the home, and people liked labor saving

devices. (it, them)

10. Andrew Carnegie had a monopoly in the steel industry, and this made Andrew

Carnegie wealthy. (it, him)

11. Rockefeller had a monopoly in the oil industry and Rockefeller was rich. (him, he)

37

Possessive Nouns

1. A singular possessive noun shows what belongs to that one person, place, or thing.

a. To make a singular possessive noun, add an apostrophe (‘) and s.

Example: the fur of a dog the dog’s fur

2. A plural possessive noun shows that more than person, place, or thing has or owns

something.

a. When a plural noun ends in s, add an apostrophe after the s.

Example: the berries on the bushes the bushes’ berries

b. When a plural noun does not end in s, add an apostrophe and s.

Example: The smiles of children the children’s smiles

Guided Practice

Circle the correct possessive noun in parenthesis to complete each sentence.

1. The (teacher’s/teachers’) voice is not loud.

2. She told about the many (culture’s/cultures’) stories.

3. The (children’s/childrens’) toys are fun!

4. The (turtle’s/turtles’) eggs are buried in the sand.

5. These (storie’s/stories’) characters are funny.

6. Did you see that (bird’s/birds’) nest?

7. Some types of (bird’s/birds’) nests are on the ground.

8. Those (women’s/womens’) clothes are fancy.

9. Your (teeth’s/teeths’) enamel is strong.

A possessive noun shows ownership.

38

Possessive Nouns -‐ Independent Practice

Circle the correct possessive noun in parenthesis to complete each sentence. You can use the

examples on the previous page as a help.

1. A (mixture’s/mixtures’) substances can be separated from each other.

2. Those (solution’s/solutions’) substances cannot be distinguished as separate

substances.

3. The (liquid’s/liquids’) solid particles can be separated using filtration.

4. The (recipe’s/recipes’) directions said to sift the flour to make separate smaller solid

particles.

5. Those (magnet’s/magnets’) magnetic force is strongest at the poles.

6. The (solution’s/solutions’) particles were separated through evaporation.

7. The (solution’s/solutions’) solutes can be separated and analyzed through

chromatography.

8. The water in the (substance’s/substances’) solution is the solvent.

9. A (solid’s/solids’) particles are very close together.

10. (Chromatography’s/chromatographys’) purpose is to separate a mixture.

Writing

Write one or two sentences about something that belongs to someone you know. Be sure to

use a possessive noun to show ownership.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

39

Possessive Nouns

Independent Practice Part 2

Add an apostrophe to each underlined possessive noun. Rewrite the noun on the line.

1. Young childrens books aren’t as lengthy as books for older children and teenagers.

________________________________________

2. Some of our textbooks information needs to be updated.

______________________________

3. When the dogs toy squeaks, the dog runs around in circles. ______________________________

4. Birds beaks are shaped in a way to help them obtain food.

______________________________

5. When the boy arrived at school, his backpacks zipper was stuck and he couldn’t get it

open. ______________________________

6. The two families children play together at the park almost every day.

______________________________

7. The dogs crate was large enough to fit two dogs inside of it.

______________________________

8. The skies color was a beautiful soft orange.

______________________________

9. When will we go see the zoos new exhibit that was advertised on television?

______________________________

10. Every teams mascot in his town is an animal.

______________________________

40

Subject-‐Verb Agreement

Subject-‐verb agreement is not difficult. It usually does not sound correct when a subject and

a verb do not agree. In order to have subject-‐verb agreement, follow these rules.

When you have a singular subject you must have a verb that ends in s, es, or ies.

1. If the subject is a singular noun, add s or es to most verbs. If a verb ends in a

consonant and y, change the y to i before adding es.

Example: Joe mows the yard.

Joe washes the car.

Joe carries the groceries inside.

2. If the subject is a plural noun, do not add s or es to the

verb.

Example: Dogs bark loudly.

Trees sway in the wind.

3. Use the linking verb is with a singular subject.

4. Use the linking verb are with a plural subject.

Guided Practice

Circle the correct form of the verb in parenthesis to complete each sentence.

1. Gas (expand/expands) to fill its container.

2. Liquids (change/changes) into a solid at freezing temperatures.

3. Solids (is/are) are not going to change shape.

4. Water (is/are) the universal solvent.

You need to be sure the subjects & verbs agree.

41



Circle the correct form of the verb in parenthesis to complete each sentence.

1. Concentrated solutions (contain/contains) more solute.

2. An object (expand/expands) as it gains heat.

3. Lemonade mix (is/are) a solute.

4. A chemical change (create/creates) a new substance.

5. Clouds (is/are) created from water that has evaporated.

6. An example of a solution (is/are) salt water.

7. Matter (is/are) anything that has volume and takes up space.

8. A liquids shape (change/changes) according to the shape of its container.

9. The rate of dissolving (is/are) affected by several factors.

10. If the temperature (increase/increases), then the solute will dissolve more quickly.

11. Smaller particles (dissolve/dissolves) quicker than larger particles.

12. Solutes (dissolve/dissolves) faster if they are stirred.

13. Particles in a solid (stay/stays) in the same place.

14. Particles in a liquid (is/are) close to one another, but can move apart from each other.

15. Particles in a gas (move/moves) far apart from each other and spread out through the

available space.

42



Edit the following essay to correct the ten errors in subject-‐verb agreement. Cross out the

incorrect verb form and write the correct form above it. Make sure subjects are used with

the correct verb form.

Spring are the most amazing time of the year for several reasons. First of all,

the weather become warmer in spring, and the daylight last longer. Kids are able to

run outside without a coat and play longer with their friends! Don’t you just love

having more daylight everyday? Spring are like an unexpected present when it finally

arrive.

Spring is also an amazing time of the year because of Spring Break! Families

can go on vacation and enjoys the beautiful spring weather! Kids gets to sleep in and

take a break from homework. After spring break, everyone feel refreshed!

Finally, spring is amazing because it are quite simply a beautiful time of the

year. The flowers blooms in spring, and the trees grow their leaves again. It is like

everything in nature wakes up! Spring is definitely the most amazing time of the year!

43

Verb Tense Review

Present tense verbs show actions that are currently happening.

In order to make the verb agree with a singular subject, then just add s or es in most cases.

Example: The soccer player kicks the ball. The little boy catches fireflies.

Do not add s or es to make the verb agree with a plural subject.

Example: Soccer players kick the ball. Little boys catch fireflies.

Past tense verbs show actions that have happened before the current time.

In order to show past tense, just add ed to most verbs. However, you will need to change the

spelling of some regular verbs before you add ed.

• Rule 1: For verbs that end in e, drop the e and add ed: believed, baked

• Rule 2: If the verb ends in a consonant and y, change the y to i and add ed: scurried,

tried

• Rule 3: One-‐syllable verbs that end in one vowel followed by one consonant need to

have the consonant doubled and then add ed: tipped, planned

• Rule 4: Some verbs are irregular verbs. You do not add ed to irregular verbs in the

past tense. These verbs do not follow a pattern. Some of these verbs include the

following verbs: sang, bought, and went.

Future tense verbs show action that will happen in the future. In order to make the future

tense, add the helping verb will.

Example: She will win the race. It will rain tomorrow.

44

Verb Tense Review -‐ Guided Practice

1. What are present tense verbs? _____________________________________________________________

2. When do you add s or es to present tense verbs? ________________________________________

3. What are past tense verbs: _________________________________________________________________

4. How do you change the spelling of verbs that end in e? _________________________________

5. How do you spell past tense verbs that end in y? __________________________________________

6. How do you spell verbs that end in one vowel followed by one consonant?

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. What are future tense verbs? ______________________________________________________________

8. How do you show future tense? ___________________________________________________________

Underline the verb in each sentence. Write present, past, or future.

_______________ 9. The rabbit hopped across the field.

_______________ 10. The dog barks all day.

_______________ 11. The birds will fly south for the winter.

Write the correct tense for each verb, making the verb agree with a singular subject. The last

verb is an irregular verb.

VERB PRESENT PAST FUTURE

Succeed

Jump

Kick

Love

Think

45

Verb Tense Review


Underline the verb in each sentence. Write present, past, or future.

_______________ 1. Settlers plowed the land of the plains region after

they realized it was good for growing certain crops.

_______________ 2. The railroad companies owned thousands of acres

of land.

_______________ 3. Coal burning engines require more mining, which

impacts the environment.

_______________ 4. The settler said, “We will acquire land through the

Homestead Act.”

_______________ 5. Ranchers and cowboys cooperated to develop the cattle raising industry.

_______________ 6. They will move to an unpopulated area.

_______________ 7. Sometimes immigrants receive lower wages, but they are still willing to

work.

_______________ 8. Did you finish building the railroad?

_______________ 9. They will move west someday.

_______________ 10. The Transcontinental Railroad impacted the development of the West in

many ways.

Check the verb tense!

46

Verb Tense: Independent Practice

Write a sentence using the verb and verb tense given.

1. the present tense of cook

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. the past tense of cook

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. the future tense of cook

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. the present tense of plan

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. the past tense of plan

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. the future tense of plan

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. the present tense of try

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

8. the past tense of try

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

9. the future tense of try

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

47

Writing – Use the tense in parenthesis in your writing. Underline the verbs.

Write a paragraph describing something you have done in the past. (past tense)

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

Write a paragraph describing something you are involved in right now. (present tense)

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

Write a paragraph describing something you plan to do in the future. (future tense)

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

48

Verb Tense Spelling Review -‐ Independent Practice

Write the correct tense for each verb, making the verb agree with a singular subject. The last

ten verbs are irregular verbs. Write the rule used from page 43 for the past tense verbs.

VERB PRESENT PAST RULE # FUTURE

Believe

Destroy

Inherit

Surprise

Apply

Swap

Annoy

Smile

Slam

Hurry

Free

Travel

Copy

Plan

Consider

Grow

Freeze

Tell

Think

Swing

Send

Write

Bring

Hear

Draw

49

Perfect Verb Tense

Past Perfect

The past perfect verb tense shows action that has happened before another action at a

certain time in the past. It can also show something that occurred before a certain time.

Signal Words

1. Had

Guided Practice

Use the past tense of the verb in parenthesis, along with had, to form the past perfect tense.

1. He ________________________________________ a present before it was his birthday. (receive)

2. Emma ________________________________________ her baby brother until today.

(not seen)

3. Fred ________________________________________ his mom at work before he went to his

friend’s house. (call)

4. The family ________________________________________ their house since the day they first saw

it. (love)

5. The pencil ________________________________________ before the test.

(been sharpen)

Past Perfect

50

Perfect Verb Tenses

Past Perfect


Use the past tense of the verb in parenthesis, along with had, to form the past perfect tense.

1. My dog ________________________________________ onto my lap before my other dog could.

(jump)

2. She ________________________________________ around the world before she was eighteen.

(travel)

3. The children ________________________________________ the dogs before they went outside.

(feed)

4. He ________________________________________ a marathon before he was twenty-‐one.

(complete)

5. The girl ________________________________________ her lunch without waiting for the others.

(eat)

6. He ________________________________________ for over ten hours. (sleep)

7. The train ________________________________________ the station an hour ago. (left)

8. The construction workers ________________________________________ the house early.

(finish)

9. The principal ________________________________________ we could have a pep rally before the

next game. (said)

10. The boy was not hungry. He ________________________________________ too much candy.

(eat)

51

Perfect Verb Tenses

Writing Past Perfect Tense

Remember, the past perfect verb tense shows action that has happened before another action at a certain time in the past. Pretend you have a dog that can talk and you have to help your dog to not get into trouble so you can keep him. Write descriptive “if” statements using past perfect. Be sure to use at least two examples of past perfect tense and underline all examples. For example: “If you had chewed your bone instead of the furniture, you would not have had to sleep outside.” Write a story (at least a paragraph) about some things your dog can do to change. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

52

Perfect Verb Tenses

Present Perfect

The present perfect verb tense shows action that happened in the past,

or is still continuing to happen into the present.

Present tense form of “to have”

2. Have

3. Has

Guided Practice

Use the past tense of the verb in parenthesis, along with either has or have, to form the

present perfect tense.

1. I ________________________________________ two of the dogs already. (wash)

2. He ________________________________________ three books last month. (read)

3. The dog ________________________________________ all day and night. (bark)

4. Joe ________________________________________ hard today. (work)

5. The school ________________________________________ many awards year after year. (earn)

Present Perfect

53

Perfect Verb Tenses

Present Perfect -‐ Independent Practice

Use the past tense of the verb in parenthesis, along with either has or have, to form the

present perfect tense.

1. He ________________________________________ more than 10 math problems already.

(solve)

2. She ________________________________________ forward to the prom all year.

(look)

3. The washing machine ________________________________________ for many years

(work)

4. Fred ________________________________________ all day. (clean)

5. She ________________________________________ her homework. (lost)

6. Those kids ________________________________________ 100 balloons already. (fill)

7. Many people ________________________________________ a lot of money for school clothes this

year. (spend)

8. Sally ________________________________________ to music all day. (listen)

9. Adam ________________________________________ the piano since he was five years old. (play)

10. People ________________________________________ dogs as pets for a long time.

(enjoy)

Practice, Practice, Practice!

54

Perfect Verb Tenses

Writing Present Perfect Tense

Remember, the present perfect verb tense shows action that happened in the past, or is still continuing to happen into the present. What have you accomplished in the past year? Write a story (at least a paragraph) about what you have accomplished. Be sure to use at least two examples of present perfect tense and underline all examples. For example: My teacher has taught me how to count to ten and I have learned the alphabet.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

55

Perfect Verb Tenses

Future Perfect

The future perfect tense verb shows an action that will

occur and finish in the future at a certain time.

Signal Words

4. Will have

Guided Practice

Use the past tense of the verb in parenthesis, along with will have, to form the future perfect

tense.

1. The show ________________________________________ by 8:00 p.m. so don’t be late.

(start)

2. He ________________________________________ his homework by the time school starts.

(complete)

3. Tim ________________________________________ the movie before his friends.

(saw)

4. Next month we ________________________________________ the school year.

(finish)

5. The man ________________________________________ his office before dinnertime.

(not leave)

Future Perfect

56

Verb Tenses

Future Perfect -‐ Independent Practice

Use the past tense of the verb in parenthesis, along with will have, to form the future perfect

tense.

1. Next year she ________________________________________ from college. (graduate)

2. We ________________________________________ for four hours by the time we take the test.

(study)

3. I ________________________________________ my tenth pair of shoes when we go shopping

tomorrow. (buy)

4. He ________________________________________ his socks for three days without washing them.

(wear)

5. Bella ________________________________________ for over an hour before she finishes telling

the story. (talk)

6. Bailey ________________________________________ for ten straight hours by the time he gets

home. (work)

7. Lee ________________________________________ over 25 books by next year.

(write)

8. The twenty-‐year-‐old boy ________________________________________ in two marathons. (ran)

9. Her mom ________________________________________ over 12 dozen cookies by tomorrow.

(bake)

57

Verb Tenses

Writing Future Perfect Tense

Remember, the future perfect tense verb shows an action that will occur and finish in the future at a certain time. What is a goal you plan to accomplish within the year? Write a paragraph about a goal you will have accomplished within the year and how you plan to accomplish it. Be sure to use at least two examples of future perfect tense and underline all examples. For example: By the end of the year I will have become a better student.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

58

Conjunctions

The words and, but, and or are conjunctions that can connect words or sentences.

Look at the following purposes for conjunctions to determine when you

use each conjunction.

Conjunction

and

but

or

Purpose

joins related ideas

joins contrasting ideas

suggests a choice

You have already learned how to use conjunctions in a compound sentence. You also use

conjunctions when you use two subjects to make a compound subject or when you use two

verbs to make a compound predicate.

Guided Practice

Underline the conjunction and then tell if it is a compound subject, compound predicate, or

compound sentence.

1. A push or a pull is caused by force. ____________________

2. Magnetism acts at a distance and cannot be seen. ____________________

3. Magnets attract each other when opposite poles are near each other, but magnets

repel when like poles are near each other. ____________________

4. Gravity and magnetism are forces that attract objects to each other.

____________________

5. Friction is caused by rough surfaces, but friction is reduced by a smooth surface.

____________________

Conjunctions: And But Or

59

Conjunctions


Add the conjunction and, but, or or to complete the sentence.

1. The position of an object can be described as above, below, beside, behind,

__________, ahead of another object.

2. Unbalanced forces affect the rate __________ direction of motion in objects.

3. Balanced forces do not change the motion of an object, __________ unbalanced forces

do change the motion of an object.

4. A stronger push __________ a stronger pull will make an object move faster.

5. The dependent variable should be placed on the Y-‐axis, __________ the independent

variable should be placed on the X-‐axis.

6. Objects with less mass will speed up __________ slow down faster than objects with a

greater mass.

7. Force __________ mass affect the motion of an object.

8. A distance-‐time graph shows the total distance that an object has traveled in a

certain amount of time, __________ it also shows the distance the object traveled

during a particular time interval.

9. The textures of surfaces, amount of surface area, __________ lubrication are all

variables that affect friction.

10. Oil __________ grease are lubricants that reduce friction.

60

Prepositions

A prepositional phrase begins with a preposition.

Prepositional phrases add more details.

Sometimes a preposition will show direction.

Look at the prepositions on the chalkboard to

the right. These are words you should become

very familiar with.

Guided Practice

Underline the preposition in each sentence.

Circle the prepositional phrase in each sentence.

1. The dog barked for an hour.

2. The boat was at the dock.

3. Our friends live down the road.

4. We live near the store.

5. She fell in the lake.

6. Look above your head!

7. Bob went down the slide.

8. The breeze blew across the sky.

9. We went to see the animals at the zoo.

10. Please open the door under the cabinet.

Common Prepositions to Learn

• Above • Across • After • Around • At • Before • Behind • By • Down • For

• From • In • Into • Near • Of • On • To • Toward • Under • With

61

Prepositions


1. Why do we use prepositional phrases? ___________________________________________________

2. Write the common prepositions. __________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

Complete the sentence using a prepositional phrase from the ones provided.

• under her head • across the court • in the air

• at the beach • with her foot • beside the bowls

• around the corner • in the sunlight • behind the door

1. It was warm _________________________________________________________________________________.

2. She closed the door _________________________________________________________________________.

3. The pillow was soft _________________________________________________________________________.

4. The ball bounced ____________________________________________________________________________.

5. Birds fly ______________________________________________________________________________________.

6. The shoes were ______________________________________________________________________________.

7. The party will be ____________________________________________________________________________.

8. The spoons go _______________________________________________________________________________.

9. The store is just _____________________________________________________________________________.

in

beside

behind

62

Prepositions -‐ Independent Practice

Add a prepositional phrase to each sentence to give more details. Write the sentence on

the line.

1. Tim went sledding.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. The boy found his toy.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Cindy smiled.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. The little boy fell asleep.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. The dog sat.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. The children went to the library.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. We are going to the ocean.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

8. He likes ice cream.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

9. The girl rode her bicycle.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

10. We cheered.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

63

Interjections

If you want to exclaim something, make a protest, or give a command, then you can use an

interjection. Interjections are words or phrases that usually express emotion. They are

usually followed by an exclamation mark.

1. What do interjections express? _________________________________________________________________

Examples:

a. Good! Now let’s go.

b. Hey! Come over here!

Sometimes interjections are sounds.

Examples:

a. Phew! That was hard.

b. Mmmm, that was delicious!

The following are some other examples of interjections.

• Absolutely • Agreed • Ah • Awesome • Awww • Blah • Bye • Cheers • Cool • Duh • Eek • Eh • Gee

• Good Grief • Goodness • Grrr • Ha • Hmm • Huh • Hurray or Hooray • Look • No • Nah • Oh • Oh my • Oops

• Ouch • Shh • Touché • Ugh • Uh-‐oh • Well • Whoa • Whoopee • Wow • Yay • Yeah • Yes • Yikes

WOW!

64

Interjections

Guided Practice

Underline the interjection in each of the following sentences.

1. Ah, now I understand what caused so many immigrants to come to America during

the Industrial Revolution.

2. Wow! I can’t believe how much the United States changed during the Industrial

Revolution.

3. Whew! The immigrants must have been relieved to finally reach America!

4. Look! There is the Statue of Liberty.

5. Good grief! Some immigrants were not treated well.


Add an interjection and punctuation to the following sentences.

1. __________ Alexander Graham Bell must have been so intelligent to invent the

telephone

2. __________ The Wright Brothers cheered when their airplane flew for twelve seconds

at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina in 1903.

3. __________ There is an old telegraph that Samuel Morse invented.

4. __________ Did you know that children used to work in factories instead of going to

school?

5. __________ The Progressives worked to address the problems associated with Big

Business.

65

Interjections


Writing

Write a story about winning $1,000 and what you will do with the money. Be sure to use

interjections!

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

66

Correlative Conjunctions

Correlative conjunctions are two conjunctions used together to link words, phrases, or

clauses. There are multiple examples of correlative conjunctions, but the following are the

correlative conjunctions you will learn in this lesson.

1. Either – or

2. Neither – nor

When you use either, you use or as well.

When you use neither, you use nor as well.

You cannot use either with nor. You also cannot use or with neither.

Example: We will either go to the park or the zoo tomorrow.

Example: We will neither go to the park or the zoo if it is raining.

Guided Practice

Underline the correlative conjunctions used in the following sentences.

1. Some immigrants wanted to come to America either to find jobs or to be with family

that had already traveled to America.

2. Neither Chinese immigrants nor European immigrants wanted to face

discrimination.

3. Children either went to work or went to school.

4. Neither Andrew Carnegie nor Alexander Graham Bell were born in America. They

were immigrants.

5. When crop prices fell because of mechanization, farmers could neither pay for their

mortgages on land nor equipment.

either/or

neither/nor

67



Add the correct correlative conjunctions to make the sentences correct.

1. ____________________ Ida Tarbell ____________________ Upton Sinclair could sit back and do

nothing about the problems they saw.

2. Many in America wanted to ____________________ limit the sale of alcohol

____________________ prohibit alcohol altogether.

3. They plan to make a decision in ____________________ April ____________________ May.

4. ____________________ bootlegging ____________________ speakeasies were legal during

Prohibition.

5. ____________________ go to bed early ____________________ don’t complain about being tired

every day.

6. Write a sentence about two things you would like to do using either/or.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. Write a sentence about two things you do not like to eat using neither/nor.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

8. Write a sentence using the correlative conjunctions either/or or neither/nor.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

68

Titles of Books

How do you signify the title of a book?

1. Always capitalize the main words.

2. You do not need to capitalize words in the title such as ‘of, and, or, a”.

3. If you are using a computer, the title should be typed in italics or underlined.

4. If you are writing the title yourself, then underline the title.

Guided Practice

Underline and capitalize the book titles in the sentences correctly.

1. Have you read Diary of a Wimpy Kid?

__________________________________________________

2. My friend read the book spy kids, and he recommended that I read it too.

__________________________________________________

3. My librarian recommended that we read zoobreak.

__________________________________________________

4. Forty acres and maybe a mule is a historical fiction book about Reconstruction.

__________________________________________________

5. Some books, such as old yeller, have also been made into a movie.

__________________________________________________

6. What two things should you always do when writing a book title?

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. What should you always do when typing a book title?

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

Capitalize and underline or italicize book titles.

69


Write the title correctly on the line.

1. Have you read kids during the industrial revolution? ___________________________________

2. leah’s pony is a book written about a girl living during the Great Depression.

__________________________________________________

3. I love the book Because of Winn Dixie! __________________________________________________

4. We read radio fifth grade as a class. __________________________________________________

5. Have you ever read double fudge? __________________________________________________

Write a book recommendation for a book you have read.

• Give the book’s title and author. • Share a brief summary of the plot. • What are the book’s strengths and weaknesses? • Why would you recommend the book?

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Books are great!

70

Capitalization

A capital letter is needed anytime you use the word ‘I’, a proper noun, titles, or begin a new

sentence.

• Proper Nouns

A noun is a person, place, or thing. A proper noun is a specific person, place, or

thing. This includes the name of a person, place, or specific things.

Examples:

o People – Andrew Carnegie, Abraham Lincoln, Franklin D. Roosevelt

o Places – the United States of America, ABC Elementary School, Atlanta

o Things – World War II, Independence Day, May

• Titles

A title can come in different forms.

o Always capitalize a title that comes before a name.

Example: Mayor John Smith, Doctor John Smith

o Always capitalize the titles of books, movies, and

other titles. However, do not capitalize articles (a, an, the), short

conjunctions, and short prepositions.

Examples: Pirates of the Caribbean, The Hunger Games

• The Beginning of a Sentence

Don’t forget to always begin a new sentence with a capital letter.

o When do you use a capital letter? _________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

You should always capitalize proper nouns, titles, and sentence beginnings.

71

Capitalization -‐ Guided Practice

Put one line through any letter that should be capitalized. Write the words correctly on the

line.

1. We have been studying about reconstruction at abc elementary school.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. do you know where mr. smith went to college?

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Sally and i like to go shopping at American eagle.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. have you read the hunger games?

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. My brother and I plan to read the article “how to train your dog in 7 days”.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. My family visited the washington monument and the white house.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. His favorite team is the charlotte bobcats.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

8. The boy has to go see dr. smith to get a shot.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

9. I can’t wait to see all the fireworks at the fourth of july celebration!

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

10. school begins in august and ends in may for many students in america.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

72

Capitalization -‐ Independent Practice

Follow the directions for each sentence you write. Be sure to use capital letters and

punctuation correctly.

1. Write a sentence about a famous person.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Write a sentence about a city you would like to visit.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Write a sentence recommending a book to others.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Write a sentence telling your favorite sports team.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Write a sentence about your favorite holiday.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Write a sentence and tell what you would name a pet.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. Write a sentence telling when your birthday is each year.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

8. Write a sentence about your favorite month.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

9. Write a sentence telling who your favorite friends are.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

10. Write a sentence telling the title of your favorite movie or television show.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

73

Quotation Marks

Quotation marks are used to show exactly what someone has said. When you tell exactly

what someone said you are giving a direct quote. You add quotation marks before and

after someone’s exact words.

Look at the following example. What is different about these examples?

o “Did you know that the Panama Canal made it much quicker to travel the east

coast to the west coast?” asked Mrs. Smith.

o “Yes, I did,” said Tim.

o Mrs. Smith also added, “The Panama Canal allowed American commercial

and war ships to travel from the Atlantic to the Pacific more quickly.”

o “The United States tried to remain neutral during World War I,” said Mrs.

Smith, “but eventually America became involved in the war.”

Look at the examples of quotations again. What is different? You should notice several

specifics about writing quotations.

1. Use a comma to separate what someone said from the words that tell who is being

quoted.

2. You usually put a comma before the last end quotation marks unless you are writing

an interrogative or exclamatory sentence.

3. If words that tell who is speaking interrupt a direct quotation, then two sets of

quotation marks are needed. Use a comma or end punctuation after the words that

tell who is speaking. If the second part of the quote does not begin a new sentence

then use a comma. Use end punctuation and a capital letter if a new sentence

begins.

74

Quotation Marks -‐ Guided Practice

Put the correct punctuation in the sentence and correct any capitalization errors.

1. Mr. Smith said you all need to understand that there were two main alliances in

World War I

2. Which side was America on asked Joe

3. America was with the Allies explained Mr. Smith and Great Britain and France were

as well

4. Joe then asked what was the other alliance called

5. The other alliance was called the Central Powers answered Mr. Smith


Write C if the quotation marks are correct.

Write NC if they are not correct. If you write NC, then write the sentence correctly.

__________ 1. “What countries were with the Central Powers?” asked Tim.

_________________________________________________________________________________________

__________ 2. Mr. Smith answered “Germany, Austria, Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire were all part of the Central Powers.”

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

__________ 3. “Germany bomb the Lusitania”, said Tim.

_________________________________________________________________________________________

__________ 4. “Yes, they did,” said Mr. Smith, “and there were Americans on the ship.”

_________________________________________________________________________________________

__________ 5. “Do you like to learn about history”? asked Mr. Smith.

_________________________________________________________________________________________

75

Quotation Marks -‐ Independent Practice

Add quotation marks and other punctuation marks to complete each sentence.

1. Here are your shoes Mom said.

2. Are you hungry asked Dad.

3. Can we go to the store asked Bella I need some new shoes.

4. Mom said Don’t forget your homework.

5. Can you pass the potatoes asked the boy.

6. The dog barked all night said the girl.

7. Bailey said It is cold in here

8. Let’s go see a movie Lilly said.

9. I love to read the girl said.

10. Me too her friend answered let’s go to the library.

Use quotation marks, commas, end punctuation, and capital letters correctly.

1. I want a new dog said Emma

_________________________________________________________________________________________

2. me too said her friend let’s go look at puppies at the pet store

_________________________________________________________________________________________

3. ted asked can I go too

_________________________________________________________________________________________

4. I’ll ask my mom said Emma

_________________________________________________________________________________________

5. let’s go exclaimed Emma

_________________________________________________________________________________________

76

Quotation Marks


Use quotation marks, commas, end punctuation, and capital letters correctly.

1. Bob said let’s go fishing tomorrow

_________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Ok his friend replied it sounds like fun

_________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Can I bring my son too asked his friend

_________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Yes you can replied Bob

_________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Be sure to bring sunscreen a lunch and your fishing pole said Bob

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Bob’s friend then asked do you want me to bring lunch for all of us

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

7. Thank you for the offer but I will bring my own lunch said Bob

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

77

Quotation Marks


Write a conversation you would like to have with someone famous. What would you ask?

What do you think they would say? Use quotation marks to show exactly what is said.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

78

Adjectives

Adjectives are words that describe a noun. Remember, a noun is a person, place, or thing.

Adjectives add description and help your writing to be more interesting.

Adjectives often come before the words they describe.

Adjectives can answer three questions…

• What kind?

• Which one?

• How many?

The words a, an, and the are called articles. Articles are used before nouns or before

words that describe a noun.

1. Use a before words that begin with a consonant and are singular.

• a party, a wonderful day, a panoramic view

2. Use an before words that begin with a vowel or a silent h.

• an interesting thought, an observant student, an hour

3. Use the before singular or plural words.

• the school, the schools, the animal, the animals

Adjectives describe nouns.

79

Adjectives

Guided Practice

1. What do adjectives do? _____________________________________________________________________

2. What are three questions that adjectives can answer? __________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. When is the article a used? _________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. When is the article an used? _______________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. When is the article the used? ______________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

Circle every noun. Then underline every article and every adjective. Not all nouns have an

adjective that describes it. However, finding the nouns first will help you to find the

adjectives.

1. The economic boom of the 1920s had an important effect on the daily lives of many

Americans.

2. The 1920s are often referred to as the “Roaring Twenties”.

3. The Great Migration of African Americans from southern rural areas to northern

urban areas resulted in the Harlem Renaissance.

4. The Harlem Renaissance was a time when talented writers, artists, and musicians

celebrated the African American contributions to American life.

5. Jazz music became very popular during this time.

80

Adjectives


Write the adjective on the line to complete each sentence.

Then tell what question the adjective answers.

1. What kind?

2. Which one?

3. How many?

____what kind____ 1. This is a beautiful day to go to the park.

____________________ 2. The ____________________ dog was barking at the child.

____________________ 3. Is that an ____________________ tree?

____________________ 4. Do you like ____________________ ice cream?

____________________ 5. The baby is just ____________________ days old.

____________________ 6. The mouse scurried in the ____________________ hole.

____________________ 7. Respectful students use ____________________ manners.

____________________ 8. Her ____________________ hair was hard to brush.

____________________ 9. His ____________________ tennis shoes need to be washed.

____________________ 10. The ____________________ clouds probably mean it is going to rain.

____________________ 11. When she sang, she had a ____________________ voice.

____________________ 12. In ____________________ days we will graduate.

____________________ 13. There are ____________________ baby birds in that nest.

____________________ 14. How many ____________________ cookies do you want?

____________________ 15. The ____________________ baby smiles a lot.

Adjectives answer…

• What kind? • Which one? • How many?

81

Adjectives


Underline the nouns in the following sentences. Then rewrite the sentence adding at least

one adjective to describe a noun.

1. The dog jumped.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. People celebrate holidays in countries.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. The teacher spoke to the class.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. The paper was thrown into the trash.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. The crowd cheered and held up banners.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. The girl learned to spell words.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. Did you see those flowers in the meadow?

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

8. The gymnast won a medal.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

9. She was so excited to go on a vacation.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

82

Adjectives

Writing

Write a paragraph about your favorite fruit. Describe the fruit and tell why you like it.

Underline the adjectives that you use. Complete your prewriting on another sheet of paper.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

83

Adverbs

Adverbs give more information about verbs. There are many adverbs that end in ly.

There are three questions that an adverb can answer.

1. How? Example: She ran quickly. (How did she run?) 2. When? Example: She ran daily.

(When did she run?)

3. Where? Example: She ran there. (Where did she run?)

Guided Practice

Underline the verb in each sentence. Then circle the adverb that gives more information

about the verb. Write whether it tells how, when, or where on the line.

____________________ 1. The Stock Market crashed suddenly in 1929.

____________________ 2. After the crash, unemployment rose quickly.

____________________ 3. Homeless people often lived in make-‐shift homes of scrap lumber and

empty boxes.

____________________ 4. President Roosevelt wanted to quickly provide help.

____________________ 5. Some New Deal programs helped immediately.

____________________ 6. Some of the New Deal programs, such as Social Security and the FDIC,

are still used today.

____________________ 7. The United States was not a part of World War II immediately.

____________________ 8. However, when Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, America quickly declared

war.

____________________ 9. During World War II, scientists successfully tested the world’s first

atomic bomb.

Adverbs give more information about verbs.

84

Adverbs


Choose from the list of adverbs and write the adverb on

the line to complete each sentence.

briskly

firmly

inside

truthfully

cheerfully

continuously

beautifully

sloppily

everywhere yesterday

1. The man gripped the dog leash ____________________ in his hands.

2. The dog barked ____________________ throughout the day.

3. The artist painted ____________________.

4. The candidate spoke ____________________ about the topics.

5. The woman walked ____________________ through the rain.

6. She ____________________ completed her chores.

7. The mosquitoes were ____________________.

8. Did he go ____________________.

9. She drove to New York ____________________.

10. He made his bed ____________________.

Adverbs answer… 1. How? 2. When? 3. Where?

85

Adverbs


Underline the verb in each sentence. Then circle the adverb that gives more information

about the verb. Write whether it tells how, when, or where on the line.

____________________ 1. The dog jumped playfully at the boy.

____________________ 2. The dog was there.

____________________ 3. The dog barked loudly at the stranger.

____________________ 4. The dog went to the veterinarian yesterday.

____________________ 5. Her dog will play fetch continuously.

____________________ 6. His dog suddenly ran off.

____________________ 7. The dog’s owner took it on a walk today.

____________________ 8. We could hear the dogs barking nearby.

____________________ 9. Her neighbor’s dog jumped the fence effortlessly.

____________________ 9. Fred takes his dog everywhere.

____________________ 10. The dog ran outside to chase the squirrel in the yard.

____________________ 11. The dog was lying on his blanket quietly.

____________________ 12. Sally’s dog eats nightly at 6:00 p.m.

____________________ 13. Many dogs love to chew bones daily.

____________________ 14. Be careful if a dog acts aggressively.

____________________ 15. Dogs should happily obey their owner.

86

Adverbs

Writing

Write a paragraph about something you like to do during recess. Describe the activity. Be

sure to use at least two adverbs and underline the adverbs that you use. Circle any

adjectives.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

87

Vocabulary Building

88

PREFIX MEANINGS dis-‐ not non-‐ not un-‐ not re-‐ again Complete the table below, and then use the information for the next activity. WORD PREFIX ROOT WORD MEANING OF

PREFIX MEANING OF WORD

Disadvantage dis advantage not Not a good circumstance

Discontent

Disorganized

Dissatisfied

Nonuse non use not Not in use

Nonsense

Nonacademic

Noncompliant

Unbeatable un beatable not Not able to defeat

Unjust

Unreliable

Unpleasant

Regroup re read again To put into new groups again

Rearrange

Rethink

Reword

89

Use 15 words from the previous page to create sentences with correct meanings.

1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

8. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

9. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

10. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

11. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

12. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

13. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

14. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

15. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

90

At the end of each line add a new word that begins with the prefix. Give the definition of the new word also.

dis (not)

non (not)

un (not)

re (again)

91

Your Turn to Write! Now you will write sentences to show what you know! Use two words that you found from each of the prefixes on the previous page to write sentences. Be sure to use the word correctly!

1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

8. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

92

PREFIX MEANINGS pre-‐ before mid-‐ middle bi-‐ two de-‐ opposite Complete the table below, and then use the information for the next activity. WORD PREFIX ROOT WORD MEANING OF

PREFIX

MEANING OF

WORD

Precaution pre wash before Measure taken beforehand

Preamble

Predispose

Prejudice

midstream mid stream middle The middle of the stream

midland

midair

midday

Bilingual bi lingual two Speaking two languages

Biannual

Bilateral

Bipartisan

Defrost de frost opposite Remove the frost

Decrease

Decode

Decline

93

Use 15 words from the previous page to create sentences with the correct meanings.

1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

8. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

9. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

10. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

11. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

12. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

13. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

14. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

15. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

94


pre (before)

mid (middle)

bi (two)

de (opposite)

95


1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

8. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

96

PREFIX MEANINGS anti-‐ against/opposing co-‐ together en-‐ put into or on extra-‐ outside/beyond Complete the table below, and then use the information for the next activity. WORD PREFIX ROOT WORD MEANING OF


Antiaircraft anti aircraft against Used for defense against air attack

Antiwar

Antivirus

Antibiotic

Codriver co driver together Share the driving with another

Coteach

Costar

Cofounder

Engulf en gulf put into or on To plunge in or immerse

Enact

Endanger

Enroll

Extracurricular extra curricular outside/beyond Outside of the curriculum

Extraterrestrial

Extracellular

Extralegal

97

Use the meanings of the words with the prefix ‘anti’ to complete the sentences. You will need to use the meanings of the prefixes and words, along with the context clues to complete the sentences.

1. To defend their country against air attacks, they developed ____________________ .

2. They did not agree with the war and held signs that showed their ____________________

opinions.

3. The ____________________ worked against the infection.

4. ____________________ software works against any virus that might try to enter your

computer.

Use the meanings of the words with the prefix ‘co’ to complete the sentences.

1. The driver’s ed teachers ____________________ with their students.

2. The two businessmen put their money together and are now ____________________ of a

company.

3. Sometimes students change classes between two teachers that ____________________.

4. Bailey wants to ____________________ with Bella in a movie.

Use the meanings of the words with the prefix ‘en’ to complete the sentences.

1. The waves began to ____________________the swimmer so the lifeguard jumped in and

pulled the swimmer to safety.

2. The Congressman wanted to ____________________ a new bill.

3. Some animals are almost extinct; therefore you cannot ____________________ these

animals.

4. Did the new student ____________________ in Mrs. Smith’s class?

Use the meanings of the words with the prefix ‘extra’ to complete the sentences.

1. E.T. was an ____________________ that was beyond this world.

2. Some students have ____________________ activities when school is over.

3. The fluid was ____________________ because it was located outside of the cells.

4. Something beyond the authority of the law is ____________________.

98


anti (against)

co (together)

en (into/on)

extra (beyond)

99


1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

8. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

100

PREFIX MEANINGS hyper-‐ beyond, more than normal inter-‐ between mis-‐ bad, wrong semi-‐ half Complete the table below, and then use the information for the next activity. WORD PREFIX ROOT WORD MEANING OF


Hyperactive

hyper active beyond, more than normal

More active than normal

Hypersonic

Hyperlink

Hyperventilate

Mislead mis lead bad, wrong To lead someone the wrong way

Misjudge

Misbehave

Mistreat

Interact inter act between To act between

Interbank

Internet

Interstate

Semiannual semi annual half Occurs every half a year

Semicircle

Semifinal

Semisweet

101

Use the meanings of the words with the prefix ‘hyper’ to complete the sentences. You will need to use the meanings of the prefixes and words, along with the context clues to complete the sentences.

1. There is a way to connect your document to another document using a

____________________.

2. She was breathing more quickly than normal, and this caused her to

____________________.

3. If something goes at a speed five times faster than the speed of sound, it is called

____________________.

4. Some people say if you eat too much sugar you will have too much energy and

become ____________________.

Use the meanings of the words with the prefix ‘mis’ to complete the sentences.

1. If you ____________________ by acting in the wrong way, you will have a consequence.

2. It is important to lead people in the right way and not ____________________ them in the

wrong way.

3. If you ____________________ a dog, then it may not act nice.

4. Sometimes referees will ____________________ a play by making a wrong call.

Use the meanings of the words with the prefix ‘inter’ to complete the sentences.

1. Animals of the same species do not always ____________________ with animals of

another species.

2. The ____________________ allows people to drive from one state to another.

3. The ____________________ is a connection between networks across the world.

4. An ____________________ loan involves two or more banks.

Use the meanings of the words with the prefix ‘semi’ to complete the sentences.

1. Half of a circle is a ____________________.

2. ____________________ chocolate is not as sweet as regular chocolate.

3. The will have a ____________________ match before the final match.

4. Every six months they have a ____________________ business meeting.

102


hyper (beyond)

inter (between)

mis (wrong)

semi (half)

103


1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

8. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

104

PREFIX MEANINGS over-‐ excessively, completely post-‐ after in time or order trans-‐ across, beyond under-‐ beneath, below Complete the table below, and then use the information for the next activity. WORD PREFIX ROOT WORD MEANING OF


Overheat

over heat excessively Heat to much or excessively

Overcook

Overgrown

Overconfident

Postpone post pone After in time Delay; set the time back

Postnatal

Postscript

Posterior

Transatlantic trans atlantic across, beyond Going across the Atlantic

Transnational

Transcontinental

Transplant

Underarm under arm beneath, below Located under the top of arm

Underage

Underground

Underpaid

105

Use the meanings of the words with the prefix ‘over’ to complete the sentences. You will need to use the meanings of the prefixes and words, along with the context clues to complete the sentences.

1. Do not ____________________ the oven because the cake might not cook evenly.

2. It is important to not ____________________ your food because it will not taste as good.

3. The girl was not careful because she was ____________________ that she would not fall

while learning to skateboard.

4. We need to cut back the bushes because they are ____________________.

Use the meanings of the words with the prefix ‘post’ to complete the sentences.

1. ____________________ care is important for a baby to receive.

2. The author always adds a ____________________ after she finishes writing a book.

3. They had to ____________________ the party to a later date.

4. The animal had a sore on the ____________________ side of its body.

Use the meanings of the words with the prefix ‘trans’ to complete the sentences.

1. They booked a ____________________ cruise because they wanted to sail across the

Atlantic Ocean.

2. They traveled on a ____________________ flight across North America.

3. They had to ____________________ the tree across the yard to a better location.

4. The ____________________ company had members from different nations.

Use the meanings of the words with the prefix ‘under’ to complete the sentences.

1. She had a sore under her arm in her ____________________ area.

2. She was not happy because she was ____________________ for her work, which was

below what she should have been paid.

3. He was below the age limit and they would not let him on the ride because he was

____________________.

4. The ____________________ tunnel was below the ground.

106


over (excess)

post (after)

trans (across)

under (below)

107


1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

8. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

108

SUFFIX MEANINGS -‐er doer -‐able able to -‐ous full of -‐ness state of being Complete the table below, and then use the information for the next activity. WORD ROOT WORD SUFFIX MEANING OF

SUFFIX MEANING OF WORD

Washer wash er doer Able to do the washing

Treasurer

Teacher

Employer

Agreeable agree able able to Able to agree

Changeable

Excusable

Perishable

Adventurous adventure ous full of Full of adventure

Coniferous

Continuous

Courageous

Alertness alert ness state of being Being alert

Boldness

Cheeriness

Dullness

SUFFIXES

109

Use the meanings of the words with the suffix ‘er’ to complete the sentences. You will need to use the meanings of the suffixes and words, along with the context clues to complete the sentences.

1. Do you want to be the ____________________ or the dryer when we do dishes today?

2. Our ____________________ is able to teach us new things.

3. The ____________________ is able to keep up with the money for our group.

4. An ____________________ is someone who can give you a job.

Use the meanings of the words with the suffix ‘able’ to complete the sentences.

1. Todd is very ____________________ and gets along with everyone.

2. The food is ____________________ and is not able to stay good for a long period of time.

3. I cannot excuse the absence because it is not ____________________.

4. The weather in the area is ____________________ and they don’t know if they like that the

weather is able to change so quickly.

Use the meanings of the words with the suffix ‘ous’ to complete the sentences.

1. She is full of adventure. You might even call her ____________________.

2. She is ____________________ and is able to do things other people would be afraid to do.

3. The air conditioner was on a ____________________ cycle and worked all the time.

4. The ____________________ tree was full of cones.

Use the meanings of the words with the suffix ‘ness’ to complete the sentences.

1. The ____________________ of the baby was amazing as we watched her look across the

room.

2. The ____________________ of the light made it hard to see.

3. When people are full of ____________________ they make others smile.

4. Tim isn’t afraid to speak up because of his ____________________.

110

At the end of each line add a new word that begins with the suffix. Give the definition of the new word also.

-‐er (doer)

-‐able (able to)

-‐ous (full of)

-‐ness (state of being)

111


1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

8. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

112

SUFFIX MEANINGS -‐ful full of -‐ly in what manner -‐ment state of -‐less without Complete the table below, and then use the information for the next activity. WORD ROOT WORD SUFFIX MEANING OF


Bountiful bounty ful full of Abundant;plenty

Careful

Colorful

Harmful

Actively active ly in what manner Characterized by energetic work

Boldly

Clearly

Dimly

Agreement agree ment state of Being in agreement

Settlement

Amusement

Excitement

Endless end less without Without an end

Harmless

Motionless

Priceless

113

Use the meanings of the words with the suffix ‘ful’ to complete the sentences. You will need to use the meanings of the suffixes and words, along with the context clues to complete the sentences.

1. There was a ____________________ supply of cotton this year.

2. You do not want to get hurt so be ____________________ to take care of yourself.

3. The sun’s rays can burn your skin and be ____________________ to you.

4. The little girl likes clothes full of color because ____________________ clothes make her

happy.

Use the meanings of the words with the suffix ‘ly’ to complete the sentences.

1. She participates ____________________ in many sports.

2. The ____________________ lit candles did not give very much light.

3. The clean window allowed us to see ____________________ outside.

4. The candidate spoke very ____________________ on the topics.

Use the meanings of the words with the suffix ‘ment’ to complete the sentences.

1. The two boys are in ____________________ about what they should do together.

2. She likes to play dress up for ____________________.

3. The settlers found a place to settle and built a ____________________ along the river.

4. There was so much ____________________ in the room that no one could sit still.

Use the meanings of the words with the suffix ‘less’ to complete the sentences.

1. Fred sat ____________________ while the others tried to catch the bug.

2. No amount of money could purchase the type of friendship the two girls had

because their friendship was ____________________.

3. Bella wished for summer to be ____________________ because she didn’t want it to end.

4. Some spiders will not harm you because they are ____________________.

114


-‐ful (full of)

-‐ly (in what manner)

-‐ment (state of)

-‐less (without)

115


1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

8. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

116

SUFFIX MEANINGS -‐al, -‐ial having characteristics of -‐en made of -‐ity, -‐ty state of -‐y characterized by Complete the table below, and then use the information for the next activity. WORD ROOT WORD SUFFIX MEANING OF


Personal person al Having characteristics of

Characteristics like a person

Editorial

Continental

National

Wooden wood en made of Made of wood

Golden

Thicken

Wheaten

Absurdity absurd ity state of State of being ridiculous

Captivity

Ability

Novelty

Healthy health y characterized by Having to do with health

Dirty

Salty

Rainy

117

Use the meanings of the words with the suffix ‘al’ to complete the sentences. You will need to use the meanings of the suffixes and words, along with the context clues to complete the sentences.

1. The ____________________ Congress worked to help the colonists that came to America.

2. There are U.S. ____________________ living in other countries around the world.

3. That person’s opinion is her ____________________ opinion.

4. She read an ____________________ in the newspaper that expressed the opinions of the

publisher.

Use the meanings of the words with the suffix ‘en’ to complete the sentences.

1. That ____________________ spoon is made of wood.

2. The ____________________ ticket is made of shiny yellow paper.

3. Bread that is made of wheat is said to be ____________________.

4. The soup is too thin so we want to find a way to ____________________ it up a bit.

Use the meanings of the words with the suffix ‘ty’ to complete the sentences.

1. The ____________________ of their excuse was unbelievable.

2. The ____________________ of her new job had not faded.

3. The animals in the zoo are held in ____________________.

4. Her ____________________ to write well was impressive.

Use the meanings of the words with the suffix ‘y’ to complete the sentences.

1. Those chips are so ____________________ because she put extra salt on them.

2. She eats right and exercises, which helps her to be more ____________________.

3. The ____________________ dishes needed to be cleaned.

4. It is ____________________ outside so bring an umbrella.

118


-‐al (character-‐istic of)

-‐en (made of)

-‐ty (state of)

-‐y (character-‐ized by)

119


1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

8. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

120

HOMOPHONES Homophones are words that sound alike, but are spelled differently.

For the pairs of homophones below, look up the meanings of each word and then draw a simple picture to show the meaning of each word. Then write the word and the meaning of the word under the picture. For example, you could draw a crown and write ‘throne’ to mean a king wears a crown on his throne.

Throne Thrown

Plain Plane

Waist Waste

Break Brake

121

Your Turn to Write! Now you will write sentences to show what you know! Use the homophones on the previous page to write sentences. Be sure to use the words correctly!

1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

8. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

122

For the pairs of homophones below, look up the meanings of each word and then draw a simple picture to show the meaning of each word. Then write the word and the meaning of the word under the picture.

Allowed Aloud

Board Bored

Bow

Ad Add

Bough

123


1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

8. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

124


Capital Capitol

Cell Sell

Sight/Site

Rap Wrap

Cite

125


1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

8. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

126


Council Counsel

Overdo Overdue

Pane

Complement Compliment

Pain

127


1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

8. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

128


Pedal Peddle

Peer Pier

Seen

Pear Pair

Scene

129


1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

8. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

130

New Homophones


Stationary Stationery

Weather Whether

Whose

Soar Sore

Who’s


1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

8. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

132

Greek Roots Word Study – Greek Root Words Greek Root Word Meaning Geo Earth Human Man Sphere Round Complete the chart. Word Greek Root Meaning of

Greek Root

Word Meaning of Word

Geographer

Geography

Geologist

Geology

Human

Humane

Humanities

Humanize

Atmosphere

Hemisphere

Sphere

Spherical

133

Write sentences using 3 words for each Greek root. Geo

1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

Human

1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

Sphere

1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

134

Many words have roots that come from the Greek language.

The Greek root ‘geo’ means earth. Complete the chart below.

Geo

Definition

Picture

Other words that contain ‘geo’.

Use one of the words in a sentence.

135

Complete the chart below for human. Human means man.

Human

Definition

Picture

Other words that contain ‘human’.


136

Complete the chart below for sphere. Sphere means round.

Sphere

Definition

Picture

Other words that contain ‘sphere’.


137

Greek Roots Word Study – Greek Root Words Greek Root Word Meaning Hydro Water Meter Measure Port Carry Complete the chart. Word Greek Root Meaning of

Greek Root


Hydroplane Hydro Water Hydroplane To skim on water

Hydrant

Hydrate

Dehydrate

Centimeter Meter Measure Centimeter Unit of measurement

Pedometer

Perimeter

Speedometer

Export Port Carry Export To carry out

Import

Portable

Porter

138

Write sentences using 3 words for each Greek root. Hydro

1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

Meter

1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

Port

1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

139


The Greek root ‘hydro’ means water. Complete the chart below.

Hydro

Definition

Picture

Other words that contain ‘hydro’.


140

Complete the chart below for meter. Meter means measure.

Meter

Definition

Picture

Other words that contain ‘meter’.


141

Complete the chart below for port. Port means carry.

Port

Definition

Picture

Other words that contain ‘port’.


142

Greek Roots Word Study – Greek Root Words Greek Root Word Meaning tele distance micro small auto self graph write Complete the chart. Word Root Root

Meaning


telephone

telecast

telescope

microchip

microscope

microbe

autograph

automatic

autopilot

calligraphy

homograph

monograph

143

Write sentences using 2 words for each Greek root. Tele

1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

Micro

1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

Auto

1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

Graph

1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

144

Greek Roots


The Greek root ‘tele’ means distance. Complete the chart below.

Tele

Definition

Picture

Other words that contain ‘tele’.


145

Complete the chart below for micro. Micro means small.

Micro

Definition

Picture

Other words that contain ‘micro’.


146

Complete the chart below for auto. Auto means self.

Auto

Definition

Picture

Other words that contain ‘auto’.


147

Complete the chart below for graph. Graph means write.

Graph

Definition

Picture

Other words that contain ‘graph’.


148

Greek Roots Word Study – Greek Root Words Greek Root Word Meaning cycle circle phone sound photo light therm heat Complete the chart. Word Root Root

Meaning


bicycle

cyclone

recycle

earphone

headphone

telephone

photography

photosphere

photons

thermos

thermostat

thermometer

149

Write sentences using 2 words for each Greek root. Cycle

1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

Phone

1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

Photo

1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

Therm

1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

150


The Greek root ‘cycle’ means circle. Complete the chart below.

Cycle

Definition

Picture


Other words that contain ‘cycle’.

151

Complete the chart below for phone. Phone means sound.

Phone

Definition

Picture


Other words that contain ‘phone’.

152

Complete the chart below for photo. Photo means light.

Photo

Definition

Picture


Other words that contain ‘photo’.

153

Complete the chart below for therm. Therm means heat.

Therm

Definition

Picture


Other words that contain ‘therm’.

154

Greek Roots Quiz Match the Greek root to its meaning.

1. Geo _____

2. Human _____

3. Sphere _____

4. Hydro _____

5. Meter _____

6. Port _____

7. Tele _____

8. Micro _____

9. Auto _____

10. Graph _____

11. Cycle _____

12. Phone _____

13. Photo _____

14. Therm _____

a. write

b. circle

c. heat

d. earth

e. light

f. sound

g. self

h. man

i. round

j. small

k. water

l. carry

m. measure

n. distance

155

Latin Roots Word Study – Latin Root Words Latin Root Word Meaning Aqua water Audi hear Dict speak Complete the chart. Word Latin Root Meaning of

Latin Root


aquamarine

aquaplane

aquarium

aquatic

audible

audio

audiology

audiotape

dictate

dictator

diction

verdict

156

Write sentences using 3 words for each Latin root. Aqua

1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

Audi

1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

Dict

1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

157

Many words have roots that come from the Latin language.

The Latin root ‘aqua’ means water. Complete the chart below

Aqua

Definition

Picture


Other words that contain ‘aqua’.

158

Complete the chart below for audi. Audi means hear.

Audi

Definition

Picture


Other words that contain ‘audi’.

159

Complete the chart below for dict. Dict means speak.

Dict

Definition

Picture


Other words that contain ‘dict’.

160

Latin Roots Word Study – Latin Root Words Latin Root Word Meaning fac/fec/fic make or do

spec/spect look

Complete the chart. Word Latin Root Meaning of

Latin Root


affect

infect

factory

faculty

efficient

aspect

inspect

spectacles

spectacular

specimen

161

Write a sentence using 4 words for each Latin root. Fac/Fec/Fic

1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

Spec/Spect

1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

162


The Latin root ‘fac/fec/fic’ means to make or do. Complete the chart below.

Fac Fec Fic

Definition

Picture


Other words that contain ‘fac/fec/fic’.

163

Complete the chart below for audi. Audi means hear.

Spec Spect

Definition

Picture


Other words that contain ‘spec/spect’.

164

Latin Roots Word Study – Latin Root Words Latin Root Word Meaning terra earth

tri three

rupt break


Latin Root


terrace

terrain

terrarium

triangle

tricycle

trio

disrupt

erupt

rupture

165

Write a sentence using each word for each word using a Latin root. Terra

1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

Tri

1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

Rupt

1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

166


The Latin root ‘terra’ means earth. Complete the chart below.

Terra

Definition

Picture


Other words that contain ‘terra’.

167

Complete the chart below for tri. Tri means three.

Tri

Definition

Picture


Other words that contain ‘tri’.

168

Complete the chart below for rupt. Rupt means break.

Rupt

Definition

Picture


Other words that contain ‘rupt’.

169

Latin Roots Latin Root Word Meaning duct lead or lead to

tempo time

vid/vis to see


Latin Root


conduct

induct

product

tempo

temporary

temporal

envision

televise

video

170

Write a sentence using each word for each Latin root. Duct

1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

Tempo

1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

Vid/Vis

1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

171


The Latin root ‘duct’ means earth. Complete the chart below.

Duct

Definition

Picture


Other words that contain ‘duct’.

172

Complete the chart below for tempo. Tempo means time.

Tempo

Definition

Picture


Other words that contain ‘tempo’.

173

Complete the chart below for vid/vis. Vid or vis means to see.

Vid Vis

Definition

Picture


Other words that contain ‘vid/vis’.

174

Latin Roots Quiz Match the Greek root to its meaning.

1. Aqua _____

2. Audi _____

3. Dict _____

4. Fac/Fec/Fic _____

5. Spec/Spect _____

6. Terra _____

7. Tri _____

8. Rupt _____

9. Duct _____

10. Temp _____

11. Vid/Vis _____

a. speak

b. hear

c. water

d. time

e. lead to

f. to see

g. earth

h. break

i. three

j. make or do

k. look

175

Greek and Latin Roots Quiz Based on what you know from the root word and context clues, what do the underlined words mean? You must use the meaning of the Greek or Latin root in your answer. 1. I got wet when I went to the aquatic center. ___________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. The radio was barely audible. __________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. His diction was incorrect. _______________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. The factory produced thousands of cars each year. ___________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. The inspectors made sure the building was safe. _____________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. We made a terrarium that held plants and animals at the beginning of this school year.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. The geographer made some important findings. ______________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

8. There have been many humanitarian efforts to help the people of Japan. __________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

9. Be careful driving in the rain so that you don’t hydroplane. ________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

10. The bug was only a centimeter long. _________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

11. Her portfolio contains many important documents. ________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

12. The object is spherical. _________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

176

ASSESSMENTS

177

Noun and Subject Test Name ______________________

Nouns

1. A noun is a __________, __________, or __________.

2. Give two examples of a common noun.

___________, __________

1. A proper noun is a __________ noun.

2. Give two examples of a proper noun.

__________, __________

Underline, with one line, the nouns in the following sentences.

5. Our class is going on a field trip.

4. Mr. Smith is the principal.

5. The dog barked at the cat.

6. The cat ran up the tree.

7. The huge house was filled with laughter.

8. The children played soccer in the field.

Subjects

Now look at the same sentences and circle the subject.


12. Mr. Smith is the principal.

13. The dog barked at the cat.

14. The cat ran up the tree.

15. The huge house was filled with laughter.

16. The children played soccer in the field.

Proper Nouns

Correct the proper nouns in the following sentences by placing a line through the letter that

should be capitalized and write the letter correctly above it.

17. The washington monument is located in the capital.

18. Dr. smith is a dentist.

19. Pirates of the caribbean is a great book.

20. He attends abc elementary school.

178

Verb Test Name ______________________

Underline the verb in each sentence.

1. Mrs. Smith teaches fifth grade.

2. Ms. Piper helps with Safety Patrol.

3. Mrs. Williams loves dogs.

4. Mrs. Shed lived in Alaska.

5. Mr. Thompson likes to read.

6. Mrs. Cranberry gives us band-‐aides.

7. The boy will go to the park.

8. The child played all day.

9. The bird flies high in the sky.

10. They like playing at recess.

Underline the subject once and the verb twice.

10. Fifth graders work hard.

11. Fifth graders learn a lot.

12. The class talks too much.

13. She ran in a marathon.

14. Have you cooked dinner before?


15. A butterfly is pretty.

16. I am ready for Christmas break.

17. You are ready for this test.

18. She was not cold.

19. The kids will be happy on Christmas day.

20. The tree must have been knocked down by the wind.

179

Commas, Compound Sentences, and Complex Sentences Name ____________________

Place commas in the sentences where they belong.

1. Jenny tell me about Alaska.

2. I would like a cheeseburger french fries and a coke.

3. I need to buy some paper Mom.

4. Your school Mr. Ball is the very best.

5. It would be exciting to visit London England.

Use a conjunction and comma to combine the following sentences to make compound

sentences

6. She likes pizza. He likes hot dogs.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. Susie likes pizza. Susie likes hot dogs.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

8. I like to shop. She likes to eat.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

9. I like vanilla ice cream. I like chocolate ice cream too.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

Combine the following sentences to make a complex sentence.

10. After I go to the store. I want to complete my homework.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

180

Types of Sentences, Pronouns, and Possessive Nouns Test

Types of Sentences -‐ Write the type of sentence on the correct line.

Declarative Interrogative

Exclamatory Imperative

1. A/an ____________________ sentence asks a question.

2. A/an ____________________ makes a statement.

3. A/an ____________________ sentence gives a command.

4. A/an ____________________ sentence shows excitement.

Write what type of sentence each one is on the line.

Declarative Interrogative

Exclamatory Imperative

____________________ 5. The book was about Europe.

____________________ 6. I love chocolate!

____________________ 7. Did you go to the zoo?

____________________ 8. Pick up your clothes.

Pronouns

Underline the pronouns in the following sentences.

9. We went to the store.

10. She and I like to dance.

11. Her dog is loud.

12. The dog is hers.

13. She bought ballet slippers.

14. They look forward to learning every day.

Possessive Nouns

Place the apostrophe in the right place for the underlined word to form a possessive noun.

15. My dogs fur is pretty. 17. All of the boys toys are cool.

16. Did you see the birds nest? 18. The teams trophy is large.

181

Subject-‐Verb Agreement and Verb Tense Test


Circle the correct verb in parentheses to make the noun and verb agree in each sentence.

1. Beautiful boats (sail, sails) by on the lake.

2. Birds (call, calls) to each other.

3. Her dog (bark, barks) at the mailman.

4. Tadpoles (change, changes) into frogs.

5. The teacher (appreciate, appreciates) good manners.

6. The performer (dance, dances) on the stage.

7. Those children (play, plays) all day.

8. The child (play, plays) in the sandbox.

Use the verb jump and write 3 sentences. Use the past tense in one sentence, present tense

in the second, and future tense in the third sentence.

9. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

10. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

11. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

Use the verb play and write 3 sentences. Use the past tense in one sentence, present tense

in the second, and future tense in the third sentence.

12. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

13. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

14. _________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

182

Prepositions, Correlative Conjunctions, and Interjections Test

Prepositions

Underline the prepositional phrase in each sentence.

1. The plane flew across the sky.

2. The wave crashed on the shore.

3. The dog ran around the yard.

Underline the prepositional phrase. Draw a circle around the preposition.

4. The boat near the dock.

5. Tim went after his father.

6. The came in a car.

7. Before I went to school, I brushed my teeth.

8. The plane flew high above the clouds.

Add a prepositional phrase to the sentence to make it more vivid and clear.

9. I rode my bike

_________________________________________________________________________________________________.

10. The dog was laying

_________________________________________________________________________________________________.


Circle the correct correlative conjunction in the following sentences.

11. I would want to either go skating (nor, or) bowling.

12. I would neither want to go skating (nor, or) bowling.

Write a sentence using a pair of correlative conjunctions correctly.

13. ________________________________________________________________________________________________

Underline the interjection in the following sentences.

13. Wow! I won the lottery!

14. No! You cannot do that.

183

Capitalization, Titles of Books, and Quotation Marks Test

Capitalization Draw three short lines (proofreading marks) under the letters that should be capitalized and write the capital letter above it.

1. I went to florida on a vacation.

2. Do you know where amy lives?

3. Is it in africa?

4. She likes working in north america with dr. smith.

5. Do you celebrate st. patrick’s day in germany?

6. Does Santa claus live in the north pole?

7. I like to buy the kool-‐aid brand drinks.

8. Do you know what grade i made?

9. She likes to play with her next-‐door neighbor, sally.

10. Let’s go to washington D.C.

Titles of Books

Write the titles of the books correctly.

11. Have you read the hunger games?

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

12. The boy likes to read the hungry caterpillar.

______________________________________________________________________________________________

13. Most kids have read goldilocks and the three bears.

______________________________________________________________________________________________

13. Zoobreak is a book many kids like to read.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

184

Quotation Marks

Please place all punctuation in the correct place for the following sentences. Each sentence contains a quote. Write the sentences.

1. everyone is going to go to the zoo tomorrow frank said

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. can i go too asked ellen

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. i cant wait until valentines day exclaimed eli

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. me too said Sidney however i think thanksgiving is the best

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. what do you want for dinner asked mom.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

185

Adjective and Adverb Test Name ________________________________________

Adjectives

1. An adjective describes a _______________.

2. An adverb describes a _______________.

Underline, with one line, the nouns in the following sentences.

Circle the adjectives.


4. Mr. Smith is our principal.

5. The pretty girl was singing.

6. The loud dog woke the neighbor.

Use a, an, or the in the following sentences.

7. Did you make (a, an, the) good grade?

19. I saw (a, an, the) elf at the mall.

20. Let’s go play with (a, an, the) girl over there.

Adverbs

Underline, with one line, the verb in the following sentences.

Circle the adverb.

7. The dog barked loudly.

21. She played outside.

22. Do you want to eat soon?

23. The little bird sings sweetly.

186

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