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5G4Rail: Perspectives offered by 5G for critical services –the specific case of FRMCS for RailDr. Patrick Marsch, Senior Project Manager, Digital Rail, Digitale Schiene DeutschlandDr. Karsten Kemeter, CTO Communication & Engineering at Deutsche BahnDigital Transport Days 2019 Helsinki, 7 October 2019

Deutsche Bahn AG | Helsinki | 7 October 2019

Substantial improvement of punctionality

Twice the number of passengers by 2030

More goods on the rail

Moving towards the Deutschlandtakt

Fundamental contribution to combatclimate change

IncreasedCapacity

HigherEfficiency

ImprovedReliability

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Expectations from government and society ask forimprovements in the rail system along 3 dimensions

Digitale Schiene Deutschland

Digital technologies open up completely newopportunities for rail operation

AI-based capacity management plans and controls trains and tracks

Digitalised passenger flow managementand passenger information

Incidences are automaticallydetected and resolved

Automated train operation

Trains detect environment and possible hazards

Train operation in optimal distances

Digitale Schiene Deutschland

Rail applications require considerable bandwidth andlow latency telecommunication features

Today ETCS Level 2

~ 30 kbps / train

Ground-to-train (Downlink)

Train-to-ground(Uplink)

During migration(2025 – 2033)

1) see ECC Report 294 (here showing numbers incl. critical video)2) with E2E latency requirements partially <10 ms, see GPP TR 22.889

Video, Radar,Lidar

Video, Radar,Lidar

Processing

Processing

Automateddetection of hazards

Safe passenger(dis-)embarkation

Video-based remote traincontrol and remote sensoraccess in incidence cases

Sample use cases requiringhigh bandwidth and low latency2):

DB examples

After migration(beyond 2034)

~3.5 Mbps / train

7.42

4.38

UIC-consolidated numbers(Mbps per train)

Dr. Patrick Marsch and Dr. Karsten Kemeter | Deutsche Bahn AG | Helsinki | 7 October 2019

Why 5G?

Dr. Patrick Marsch and Dr. Karsten Kemeter | Deutsche Bahn AG | Helsinki | 7 October 2019

Service-Based Architecture, Control/User Plane Split (COTS Cloud ready, enables more flexible function placement, better scalability)

Novel QoS Management Architecture(allowing for the definition of quality of service flowsand differentiation / preemption of services on packet level)

E2E Network Slicing(allowing the creation of E2E logical networks, allowing e.g. MNOs to operate „railway slices“ in their networks)

Better adaptation to different deployment scenarios(through more standardised function split options)

Reduced user plane latency and increased reliability

Better native support of• (Massive) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)• Coordinated multi-point (CoMP)

with more rail scenario specificcustomisation options

Per

form

ance

Native Inter-RAT Support(Multi-connectivity and mobility across 3GPP technologies, Wi-Fi, satelite)

Reduced Control Plane Latency(through novel connected_inactive state, allowingfor faster time from idle to connected and fasterpaging)

Benefits of a 5G Core Network as such

Benefits of a 5G Radio Access Network as such

Additional benefits of 5G Core + Radio

DB’s Envisioned FRMCS / 5G Introduction & Migration Timeline

Dr. Patrick Marsch and Dr. Karsten Kemeter | Deutsche Bahn AG | Helsinki | 7 October 2019

2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036

Ruralareas

(and ultimatelycountry-wide)

Urbanareas

1.9 / 2.3GHz band

R-GSMband

ER-GSMband 3)

GSM-R

FRMCS / 5G in 10 MHz TDD

Network-wide FRMCS / 5G deployment

First local FRMCS / 5G deployments

FRMCS Standardisation

FRMCS / 5GResearch, field trials, pilots

1) minimum 5G bandwidth and exact carrier placement still under investigation2) in consideration of remaining GSM-R connectivity needs3) the lower 1.4 MHz of the ER-GSM band are in Germany likely only available until 2033

FRMCS / 5G initially in 2x 3.6 MHz 1),later successively more 2)

5G in 2x 5.6 MHz

Tentative