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5.2 Low-energy strategies for the European Union

Katharina KochManuela Steiner

Barbara Unterrainer

Present energy situation and structurePresent energy situation and structure

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Energy ConsumptionEnergy Consumption

Figure 1: EU-27 final energy consumption of 2007, Breakdown by

sectorSource: European Union (2009): Enery, transport and environment indicators, S. 41.

•2007 the total final energy consists of the EU-27 amounts to 1158

Mtoe, this is an increase of 5 % compared to 1997

Energy IndustryEnergy Industry

Figure 2: Power station generation, by type 2007Source: European Union (2009): Enery, transport and environment indicators, S. 53.

•In the year 2007 the total electricity generation within the EU 27 accounts for

3337 Twh, compared to the year 1997 this is an increase of 18 %

• The greatest share of the EU-27 total RES Electricity generates Germany with

34 % , followed by Spain with 15 %

• France and Spain generated 62 % of the EU-27 total nuclear electricity

Energy efficiencyEnergy efficiency

• Thermal efficiency 2007– EU-27 power plants thermal efficiency was 47 %– Lithuania: highest thermal efficiency; 87,5 % – Malta: lowest thermal efficiency; 29,8 %

• Combined heat and power generation 2007– EU-27 gross electricity generated by CHP plants

accounted to 10,9 %– Large differences between the member states– Denmark: highest share with 42,8 %– Cyprus: lowest share with 0,3 %

Source: European Union (2009): Enery, transport and environment indicators, S.

54-57.

EU’s objectives on climate change and renewable energy for 2020

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20-20-20 Target20-20-20 Target

– 20% reduction of greenhouse gases by 2020 compared to 1990 levels and an objective for a 30% reduction by 2020 subject to the conclusion of a comprehensive international climate change agreement.

– Reducing energy consumption by 20% through increased energy efficiency.

– A mandatory EU target of 20% renewable energy by 2020 including a 10% biofuels target.

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EU-Emission Trading Scheme (ETS) 2013

• EU wide ETS Cap– Non ETS-sectors reduction of 14% compared to 2005

– ETS-Sectors reduction of 21% compared to 2005

– Major Change: EU-wide cap instead of national caps

• Allocation– Auctioning

• Power sector 100% auctioning.

• „Normal sectors“ free allocation 80% 2013 and 30% 2020.

• „Exposed sectors“ with potential carbon leakage up to 100% free allocation.

• Exclusion of small installations– If emits less than 25 000 t of CO2e per year

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Energy efficiency & renewable energy actions

• Sustainable Energy Europe Campaign

– contributes achieving the EU’s energy policy targets

within the fields of renewable energy sources, energy

efficiency, clean transport and alternative fuels.

– A major tool to promote the EU’s sustainable energy

policy.

– Stimulate the necessary trends towards an increase

in private investment in sustainable energy

technologies.

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Energy efficiency & renewable energy actions

• Convenant of Mayors

– A commitment by signatory towns and cities to go beyond the

objectives of EU energy policy in terms of reduction in CO2

emissions.

– Own unique Sustainable Energy Action Plan (SEAP).

– Action Plans will be continually monitored by the European

Commission.

– Since 2008 more than 500 cities have joined the Convenant.

– 80 million citizens across Europe are now part of the initiative.

Future StrategiesFuture Strategies

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Energy self sufficiencyEnergy self sufficiency

• Zero-energy houses

– Standard in the way of building all over europe

• Decentralization of the energy supply

– Every region in Europe has to generate the amount of energy that is needs by itself – depending on its own resources and advantages of the region (photovoltaic and solar panels, wind mills, hydro-power, geothermics etc)

MobilityMobility

• Minimize future transport needs and car dependency– Improve public transport system in cities

– More cycle ways

– Increase car-pooling

– Eg the city of Malmö in Sweden

• Fully electric vehicles– All vehicles (private, public transport etc) should be based

on this „new“ technology

MobilityMobility

• Transport of goods

– To minimize transport needs of goods it is necessary

to grow and produce goods locally

– Pneumatic tube

• Post sytem that delivers

goods to consumers

per tube

• This system could

also be used for waste

VideoVideo

• This video is about the isle Samso in Denmark

which is CO2 neutral because it generates all the

energy needed by itself. ENJOY!

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=FmJxUsXWajo&feature=related