TABLE OF CONTENTSPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER 1-16

Density 7-10

PRACTICE PROBLEMS #1 11

PRACTICE PROBLEMS #2 12

PRACTICE PROBLEMS #3 14-15

REVIEW 16-17

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER 18-22

PRACTICE PROBLEMS #4 23

MATTER

PART II

PROPERTIES OF MATTER

Matter

Pure Substances Mixtures

Elements Compounds

Homogeneous Heterogeneous

He, O H2O, NaCl

Tea, kool-aid Rocky Road ice cream, muddy water

REMEMBER THIS ?

This system allows us to classify matter into general types.

PROPERTIES OF MATTER are sets of characteristics by which a substance is recognized.

However, we can also describe matter by its chemical and physical properties, referred to generally as properties of matter.

Physical properties are those that we can determine without changing the identity of the substance we are studying.

– Mass – amount of matter that something has.– Volume – amount of space that something takes.– State of matter – physical forms in which a substance can exist. Solid,

liquid, gas, plasma.– Melting point – temperature at which a substance changes from solid

to liquid.– Boiling point – temperature at which a substance changes from liquid

to gas.– Freezing point – temperature at which a substance changes from

liquid to solid.– Density – the mass of a substance compared to its volume d =– Malleability – the ability to be hammered or beaten into thin sheets, to

bend and not break.– Electrical conductivity – the ability to carry electricity.– Ductility – the ability to be drawn into thin wire.

mv

EXAMPLES OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Changing from solid to liquid to gas does not change the composition of water. It is still H2O.

MORE CLUES ON PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Breaking the object changes the mass, volume and shape. But the basic composition is still the same.

The spoons ability to bend without breaking, called malleability, is a physical property. Despite a change in its shape, the spoon is still a spoon, although admittedly not as useful.

Density, an important physical property Density is a comparison of how much matter there is in a

certain amount of space.

Which one is more dense?

Now which one is more dense?

What is density?

• Density = mass OR mass ÷ volume. volume

• Units for density: _g_ cm3

• Why are these the units for density? • Mass is measured in grams• Volume is measured in cm3 (solids) or mL (liquids)

ALWAYS REMEMBER

UNITS!

If asked whether a basketball or a bowling ball of the same size was more dense, you would know the answer.

Sometimes, however, it isn’t so easy to determine density. Density can be determined quantitatively using the following equation.

Density Shortcut

M

D V

ass

ensity olume

D = MV

M = D x V

V = MD

If you need mass, the triangle method shows that to solve you multiply D x V.

If you need density, what is left is m/v

If you need volume, what is left is m/D

Let’s try a density problem together

Frank has a paper clip. It has a mass of 9g and a volume of 3cm3. What is its density?

Frank also has an eraser. It has a mass of 3g, and a volume of 1cm3. What is its density?

Mass = 9g

Volume = 3cm3

Density = ?

Equation D = m÷v

D = 9g/3cm3

D = 3 g/cm3

D = m/v D = 3g/1cm3 = 3g/cm3

DENSITY PRACTICE PROBLEMS #1Work on these problems

• Jack has a rock. The rock has a mass of 6g and a volume of 3cm3. What is the density of the rock?

• Jill has a gel pen. The gel pen has a mass of 8g and a volume of 2cm3. What is the density of the rock?

Answer: 3g/cm3 and 4g/cm3

DENSITY PRACTICE PROBLEMS # 2Now try these

• Al’Licia has a watch. It has a mass of 4g and a volume of 2cm3. What is the density of the watch?

• Mia has a wallet. It has a mass of 15g and a volume of 5cm3. What is the density of the wallet?

Answer: 2g/cm3 and 3g/cm3

Super Scientist Question of the Day

• Jake has a book, a ruler, and a balance.

• How can Jake find the density of the book with the tools he has?

Measure the book, length x width x height. This gives volume in cm3. Then measure the mass of the book on a balance. This gives the mass in grams. Plug in measured mass for m, and measured volume for v and solve for density.

Reviewing DensityLiquid Layers

• Which layer has the highest density?

• Which layer has the lowest density?

• Imagine that the liquids have the following densities: – 10g/cm3. 3g/cm3.– 6g/cm3. 5g/cm3.

• Which number would go with which layer?

Liquid Layers

• Imagine that the liquids on the right have the following densities:– 15g/cm3 10g/cm3

– 3g/cm3 9g/cm3

– 7g/cm3 12g/cm3

• Match the colors to the correct densities.

3g/cm3

7g/cm3

9g/cm3

10g/cm3

12g/cm3

15g/cm3

Review

• What is the formula for density?

• What happens if you pour together liquids that have different densities?

• Will the liquid on the top have the highest or lowest density?

• Will the liquid on the bottom have the highest or lowest density?

EXPLAIN THIS!

                     Image courtesy of Texarkana Science Club, Texas A&M University

Regular coke is made with sugar, diet coke has a sugar substitute which is far less dense than sugar. The result is that diet coke is less dense than water and floats. At your next family reunion dig down in the cooler…you’ll find that coke at the bottom.

Example: Hydrogen has the potential to ignite and explode, as it did here with the Hindenburg.

http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/hindenburgcrash.htm

Chemical properties describe the way a substance can change or react to form other substances.

More clues on chemical propertiesRusting is a chemical property. In the presence of oxygen and with a little help from moisture, metals rust. Layer by layer the metal atoms combine with oxygen to form a brand new substance.

Flammability is a chemical property. Childrens toys, clothing, and bedding are all items that have special guidelines that manufacturers must follow concerning the flammability of their materials.

CHEMICAL CHANGE CLUES

Recognizing chemical changes is an important EOC concept. There are a few easy clues for recognizing these changes:

1st – NEW SUBSTANCE FORMED. This is the most basic, bottom line evidence. Brand new stuff, different from the original.2nd – GAS FORMED. Usually seen as bubbles when two substance are mixed. Think volcano experiment with baking soda and vinegar. Don’t mistake boiling as a chemical change however.3rd – ENERGY PRODUCED. In other words, heat, light, sound given off. Example: candle, fireworks, etc.

4th – PRECIPITATE FORMED. This means that when you mix two liquids a solid is formed in the solution.

5th – CHANGE IN COLOR. The key is that it is a CHANGE in color. Red food coloring in water produces red water. This is not a change in color, therefore not a chemical change.

The formation of a mixture

The formation of a mixture

The formation of a compound

The formation of a compoundChemical Change

Chemical Change

Physical Change

Physical Change

How would you classify these properties? Ask yourself…does changing this change the makeup of the substance?

Volume P C

Luster P C

Electrical conductivity P C

Flammability P C

Color P C

Density P C

Rusting P C

Practice ProblemsPractice Problems