4.repetition, rhythm & movement (1)

8/20/2019 4.Repetition, Rhythm & Movement (1)

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Repetition and Rhythm


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The use of same form or element in a building can be termed as

repetition.

What is Repetition?


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• Repetition of unit forms usually conveys an immediate sense of

harmony .

• Repetition adds visual interest to design, and helps to identify

elements that belong together. It can be considered a way of

adding consistency to any design.

• These elements can be as simple as colour, spatial

relationships, a shape, a texture, Columns and windows, pattern

and arrangement of tiles.

Characteristics


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• In general, throughout Nature repetition is associated with

peaceful things with the idea of quiet succession in events.

• Repetition of days or cycles of activities in nature imply a sense of

calmness.

• Dissimilarity and non-succession are results of interference and

disquietude.

Repetition in Nature


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“Thus , though an echo actually increases the quantity of sound

heard, its repetition of the note or syllable gives an idea of

calmness attainable in no other way; hence also the feeling of

calm given to a landscape by the repeated calls of birds”

[Ruskin, John. Elements of Drawing,1971].

Repetition phenomena


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Here the same butterfly is shown twice. Which one appears

closer? Note how size relationships create depth or space in a

composition.

Repetition and size


7/37Examples in History



The interior of the dome of the Pantheon has repetitive coffers in

five rings of 28 each.


10/37Modern Examples

•The Seagram building by Mies Van der

Rohe in Manhattan.

•Completed in 1958.

•Marked the onset of minimalist approach

to design and a new era of skyscrapers.•The minimal glass and steel façade is an

example of both horizontal and vertical

elements in repetition.


11/37Examples in recent times

The MIT Simmons Hall by Steven Holl Architects.


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Repetition creates patterns. Pattern is created by the repetition of a shape,

form, or texture across a work of art.

Repetition and Pattern


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Excessive repetition may cause Monotony.

Monotony

Result of increased density in Hong Kong –

the repetition ofsimilar buildings with several units of same elements makes it

monotonous.


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• Repetition of texture - All forms can be of the same texture butthey may be of different shapes, sizes, or colors. In printing, allsolidly printed forms with the same type of ink on the samesurface are regarded as having the same texture.

• Repetition of direction - This is possible only when the formsshow a definite sense of direction without the slightestambiguity.

• Repetition of position - This has to do with how forms arearranged in connection with the structure.

• Repetition of space - All forms can occupy space in the samemanner. In other words, they may be all positive, or allnegative, or related to the picture plane in the same way.

Types of Repetition


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Unity is alone, the center, the One.

Units of Repetition

World Financial Center, Shanghai


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Duality is YIN & YANG- indicating continuity. Duality

is fundamental to the Universe.

Units of Repetition


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LEFT & RIGHT- divided yet

related, like the horns of a

bull.

Two together make a pair,

which we see as separates – a

divided unity.

Units of Repetition


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• Three is magical-the resolved duality , the Trinity, the

circular motion- two brought together by one.

•

Can be represented by a pair and a single dominant;a triangle.

• In terms of repetition , four tends to many and leads

to confusion, or just breaks into pairs/ twos.

• Five resolves into two twos about a center, six and

more can be the repetition of pairs.

Units of Repetition


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When the unit forms are used in larger size and smaller numbers,

the design may appear simple and bold ; when they are

infinitely small and in countless numbers, the design may

appear to be a piece of uniform texture, composed of tinyelements.

Units of Repetition


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Rhythm is the basic element of design that results from groupingand repetition of one or more elements within a visual composition

with the goal of creating harmony i.e. a rhythmic feeling.

What is rhythm?


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• Rhythm is based on repetition, but requires more similarelements than does repetition.

• A small number of similar elements will be perceived as a singlegroup, but rhythm requires enough similar elements to beperceived as several related groups.

•The repetitive groups must have some variation to achieverhythm. The most common way to achieve rhythm is withcommon shapes. Rhythm can evoke an emotional response,e.g., curvilinear forms can calm whereas angular lines canstimulate.

What is rhythm?


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• The of importance of creating Rhythm can be demonstrated by

noting how many important rhythmic cycles we observe in

nature -- consider the alternating tension and relaxation in the

heart's beating or in the ocean's waves, the revolutions of the

earth around the sun, or the comings and goings of generations.

• Each of us has personal rhythms to our days, weeks, and years.

Life, indeed, would be chaotic without rhythm. Participating in

the tempo of this flow gives us each amounts of excitement and

calm, yearning and contentment, yin and yang. It is natural that

we would employ rhythms to organize and unify our work, and

rest of our experience.

Everyday phenomena


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• Repetitions of similar or varying graphic elements can create avisual rhythm that creates a sense of organization and unity .

• Rhythm can be described as timed movement through space; aneasy, connected path along which the eye follows a regulararrangement of motifs. The presence of rhythm createspredictability and order in a composition.

•It is often achieved through the careful placement of repeatedcomponents which invite the viewer's eye to jump rapidly or glidesmoothly from one to the next .

•In any artwork, it is possible to distinguish between rhythm of

color, line, and form. In the continuity of the three comes thewhole rhythm of that work.

Characteristics


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Sophie Taeuber-ArpPaul Klee Henri Matisse

Rhythm in Art


26/37Examples in recent times

The Dancing House by Frank

Gehry, 1996

The Guggenheim Museum

by Frank Lloyd Wright,1959

There are several types of visual rhythm


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There are several types of visual rhythm.

• Regular rhythm - AB-AB-AB - Picture alternating stripes of two

colors, for instance.

• Alternating rhythm consists of successive patterns in which the

element(s) continue to appear in a regular distinct order- AB-

BA-AB.

• Progressive Rhythm is repetition of a shape that changes in a

very regular manner. Progression occurs when there is a

gradual increase or decrease in the size, number, color, or some

other quality of the elements repeated.

Types of Rhythm


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• Flowing rhythm - Flowing rhythms are the most relaxing, and

their gradual crescendos and decrescendos can be modulated

into a final "cascade" to make a memorable point.

• Random rhythm - Groupings of similar motifs or elements that

repeat with no regularity create a random rhythm. Pebble

beaches, the fall of snow, fields of clover, herds of cattle, andtraffic jams all demonstrate random rhythms. What may seem

random at one scale, however, may exhibit purpose and order at

another scale.

Types of Rhythm


29/37Repetition, Pattern and Rhythm

Repetition refers to one object or shape repeated; pattern is a

combination of elements or shapes repeated in a recurring and

regular arrangement; rhythm--is a combination of elements

repeated, but with variations.


30/37Repetition, Pattern and Rhythm


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The words Rhythm and Movement are often associated with

music, dance and sports. We think of steady marching rhythms,

drum beats and the pulsing sound of the bass on the radio as types

of rhythms. The darting of soccer players, the graceful flow of ballet

dancers and the artful dodging of basketball players emphasize

Movement. Art also has rhythm and movement, a visual rhythm, a

rhythmic movement.

Rhythm and movement


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Movement


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Movement is the way a viewer's eye is directed to move through acomposition, often to areas of emphasis.

What is Movement?


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• Motion is a characteristic an important consideration in design

as well as art. The visual illusion of movement can be basedon anticipated movement.

• The use of multiple images can also create the illusion ofmovement

Characteristics


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A pulsing rhythm is set

in motion by

alternating the

direction of bands ofdiagonal lines in this

painting. Op Art

paintings, called Op

because they oftencontain optical effects,

often present dizzying

rhythms like the

pattern seen here.

Movement in Art The easiest way to understand rhythm in work of art is to look at a


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The easiest way to understand rhythm in work of art is to look at a

three-dimensional sculpture that actually moves in space.

Changes in air currents move the repeated shapes in this

sculpture to form new compositions.

ART+COM - kinetic sculpture, 2008

Movement in Art


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The Turning Torso building in Sweden

By Santiago Calatrava. Inspired by the

movement of the human torso, this

building creates a sense of visualmovement while using the idea of

repetition and rhythm.

E l i i

4.repetition, rhythm & movement (1)

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