4871 4875.output

* GB785278 (A)

Description: GB785278 (A) ? 1957-10-23

Improvements in or relating to titanium and zirconium alloys

Description of GB785278 (A) Translate this text into Tooltip

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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete, up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.

PATENT SPECIFICATION 7859278 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification June 8, 1956. No 17785/56. Application made in United States of America on June 13, 1955. Complete Specification Published Oct 23, 1957. Index at Acceptance:-Class 82 ( 1), A 8 (H: S: W), A 21. International Classification: -C 22 c. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements in or relating to Titanium and Zirconium Alloys We, WESTERN ELECTRIC COMPANY, INCORPORATED, of 195, Broadway, New York City, New York State, United States of America, a Corporation of the State of New York, United States of America, do hereby declare the invention for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- This invention relates to alloys of zirconium and of titanium. The low density of titanium and its high temperature corrosion resistance have led to the use of its alloys as lightweight structural materials, as in the building of aircraft, and for the manufacture of mechanical elements which are exposed to high temperature gases, as in jet engines The low neutron capture crosssection of zirconium has made

this element, and certain of its alloys, of interest as a structural material in nuclear energy devices. For purposes such as these, a mechanical strength as high as possible is desired in these materials Similarly desirable is the ability of the materials to retain as much of their initial strength as possible under the conditions of use It is also desirable that the materials have a reasonable ductility so as to permit fabrication without difficulty. In a state of high purity, as when prepared by the van Arrkel or iodide process, titanium and zirconium are highly ductile and malleable The yield strength of pure titanium and zirconium, however, has been found to be only a fraction of the yield strengths of alloys of one of these metals with a minor proportion of an alloying ingredient But the increased yield strengths of the titanium and zirconium alloys known to the art have been obtained at the expense of ductility Fabrication of these alloys in much more difficult than is the fabrication of relatively pure titanium or zirconium. Pure titanium and zirconuim not only have relatively low yield strengths as compared to their alloys, but they tend to weaken when subjected to repeated temperature cycling through their alpha-beta transition temperature Zirconium and titanium exist in the body-centred cubic, or beta, state above about 8600 C (up to the melting point) and in the 50 close-packed hexagonal, or alpha, state below about 8600 C Repeated transformation from one crystalline state to another, such as occurs when the metals are exposed to temperature cycling about the transformation point, results 55 in structural weakening. For this reason, much effort has been concentrated in the art upon obtaining titanium alloys and zirconium alloys which do not undergo a crystalline transformation when 60 exposed repeatedly to high temperatures A number of such alloys are known to the art, but, as indicated above, all such known alloys are considerably inferior to pure titanium and zirconium from the standpoint of ductility 65 In accordance with the invention there is provided an alloy comprising osmium together with titanium and/or zirconium, the osmium being present in an amount between 4 atom per cent and 7 atom per cent of the alloy 70 The titanium-osmium alloys, the zirconiumosmium alloys and the titanium-zirconiumosmium alloys of the present invention possess the advantage of retaining the body-centred centred cubic, or beta, structure even when 75 cooled to temperatures far below room temperature and yet their ductility and malleability are not substantially different from those of elemental titanium or zirconium from which they are made These alloys therefore 80 offer the advantage of ready fabrication combined with freedom from drastic structural

weakening upon repeated heating to high temperatures In addition, as is generally true of titanium alloys and zirconium alloys, the alloys 85 of the present invention offer an increase of many times in yield strength as compared to elemental titanium or zirconium or alloys of titanium and zirconium with one another. The retention of ductility in titanium, zir 90 conium or titanium-zirconium upon the addition of osmium is limited to osmium contents not in excess of 7 atom per cent of the alloy. Larger amounts of osmium are not soluble at U. ordinary temperatures and lead to the formation of an additional phase which is detrimental to ductility Preferably not more than 6.5 atom per cent, and more preferably not j more than 6 atom per cent, osmium is present. The complete suppression of the beta-alpha transformation is not achieved unless the osmium is present in an amount of at least 4 atom per cent of the alloy Preferably, at least 4 5 atom per cent, and more preferably at least atom per cent, osmium is present. The ductility of the alloys of the present invention decreases sharply with change of the osmium content from its optimum value of 5 per cent The alloys are brittle when the osmium content is reduced to 3 5 per cent or raised above 7 per cent. When osmium is incorporated in alloys containing both titanium and zirconium, the titanium and zirconium may be present in any relative proportions with respect to one another, ranging from titanium containing an insignificant amount of zirconium to zirconium containing an insignificant amount of titanium. The alloys of the present invention can be formed of ingredients in any commercially pure form The alloys formed from the purer ingredients will have the higher degree of ductility Thus, alloys formed from titanium or zirconium prepared by the iodide process will have a greater ductility than alloys formed from the less pure titanium or zirconium prepared by the Kroll process. The alloys may be prepared by melting together the titanium or ziconium, or titaniumzirconium mixtures, with the required amount of osmium according to the usual alloying practices. Two alloys of superior characteristics were 40 prepared by alloying 5 atom per cent of osmium with 95 atom per cent of titanium prepared by the iodide process and by alloying 5 5 atom per cent of osmium with 94 5 atom per cent of zirconium prepared by the 45 iodide process Both these alloys retained their body-centred cubic structures, without transformation, down to liquid helium temperatures The ductility of these alloys is shown by the fact that an ingot of each, 1 inch in dia 50 mheter and %/ inch high, was rolled, without annealing, into a sheet 1/,6 inch in thickness.

These sheets could be bent completely over on themselves ( 180 degrees) without failure.

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* GB785279 (A)

Description: GB785279 (A) ? 1957-10-23

Attachments for telephone receivers and the like

Description of GB785279 (A)

PATENT SPECIFICATION 7845,279 R Date of application and filing Complete Specification: June 16, 1956. No 18726/56. Complete Specification Published: Oct 23, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Class 40 ( 4), J 4 B. International Classification:-HO 4 m. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Attachments for Telephone Receivers and the like I, ANDREAS FREDSLUND PEDERSEN, a Danish Subject, of 11 Nytorv, Copenhagen K, Denmark, do hereby declare the invention, for which I pray that a patent may be granted to me, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: - The invention relates to acoustic apparatus for sound reception and has for its object to relay the acoustic output from a telephone insert and associated diaphragm to a remote position. According to the invention the apparatus includes a closed, small-capacity chamber of which one wall is constituted by the diaphragm and of which an opposite wall has a communication with one end of a flexible tube communicating, at its other end, with an open

end of a rigid tube which is closed at its opposite end, the rigid tube being rotatively supported in an earpiece for a lateral hole of the rigid tube to be more or less aligned with an outlet hole of the earpiece for volume control purposes. Preferably, the side of the rigid tube which is remote from the outlet hole of the earpiece is engaged in a channel of a bed of sound-absorbent material (e g, of india-rubber) within the earpiece. The end of the rigid tube which is opposite its open end is conveniently closed by a means having its outer end fashioned for the hanging of the earpiece from a support. According to a further feature, the flexible tube includes a main portion, for attachment at one end to the said opposite wall of the chamber and at the other end to a rigid union having a number of branched outlets, and a like number of branch portions which extend between the branched outlets of the rigid union and the rigid tubes of respective earpieces, whereby the latter are supplied in parallel. Preferably, the electrical circuit of the telephone insert includes a switch of which the movable member, when operated to open (Pr ai the circuit of the telephone insert core, closes a shunt circuit of equivalent resistance and extends outwardly to act as a support to be engaged by means fast with the, or each, 50 earpiece for stowage purposes. In the accompanying drawings:Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view of one form of apparatus in accordance with the invention, showing an earpiece in plan and a Sc telephone insert mounting in longitudinal section; Figure 2 is a section on the line 2-2 of Figure 1 through the earpiece; Figure 3 is a fragmentary view of a means 60 for releasably holding the telephone insert in its mounting; Figure 4 is a section on the line 4-4 of Figure 3; Figure 5 illustrates the application of the 65 apparatus to the earpiece of an orthodox telephone; and Figure 6 illustrates a flexible tube including two branches for separate earpieces. Referring to Figures 1 to 4, the telephone 70 insert mounting includes a cylindrical boxlike portion 11 having a flange 12 provided with holes 13, 13 for screws to engage a support, for example the wall of a room The portion 11 has a detachable front closure 75 plate 14 at the inner side of which the telephone insert, indicated at 15, is supported. The closure plate 14, as shown in Figures 3 and 4, has a spigotal engagement at 16 with the portion 11, and is held in position by a 80 plurality of rubber blocks 17 (of which only one is shown) which are mounted on screws 18 having their heads counter-sunk into the outer surface of the closure plate as indicated at 19 These screws work in plates 20 so 85 that, when the plate 14 is in position, turning of the

screws 18 will compress the blocks 17 and cause them to expand laterally into gripping contact with the inner surface of the portion 11 and the exterior of the telephone 90 insert 15. A flexible tube 21 (e g, of polythene) is 785,279 secured by a hollow, externally screwthreaded union 22 to the plate 14 for the open, inner end of the union to receive acoustic waves from the telephone; and the outer end of the tube 21 is sealingly engaged with an open end of a rigid tube 23 which is arranged to extend diametrically through an earpiece casing 24 The opposite end of the tube 23 is sealed as by a soldered plug 25 provided with an external hook 26 Intermediate its ends the tube has a lateral hole 27 which can be moved, by rotation of the tube (using the hook 26 for the purpose) relatively to the casing 24; and this rotation brings the hole 27 more or less into reggistration with a central hole 28 of the casing 24 for volume control purposes As shown, the tube 23 is engaged within a channel of a sound-absorbeit block 29, and -in Figure 2 the casing 24 is shown -provided with opposed holes 30, 30 -for engagement by inturned ends 31, 31 of a head-phone frame (not shown). The telephone insert is provided with an "On/O'i" switch -which is indicated generally at 32 in Figure 1 and -has its movable member 33 extending through the plate 14. In the case where a plurality of telephone inserts are operating from the same circuit (e g, in -the case of a hospital ward equipped with individual radio 'for the patients), -this switch is arranged to cut in a resistance equivalent -to that of the telephone insert coil when the circuit of the latter is opened by opeirtion of the switch The extending end of the member 33 can serve as a peg on which the hook 26 can be hung when the earpiece is to be stowed. In Figure 5 use is made of aan orthodox telephone earpiece 34, and, in place of the union 22 -and -plate 14, use is made of an adaptor 35 The latter has a neck 36 for sealing engagement with the -ube 21, and is shown provided with spring clips 37, 37 for holding it in position The adaptor has a through;hole 38 to be held in registration with an existing -hole 39 of the telephone earpiece, and it also has a circular recess in which is a sealing ring 40 so as to isolate any other existing holes 41, 41 of the earpiece It will-be seen-from Figure 6 that the outer end of the tube 21 can be connected to a rigidfuniion 42 having branched outlets 43, 44 to be sealingly engaged by flexible tube branches 21 a, 21 a leading to respective earPieces Although only two branches are shown in Figure 6, it will be readily understood-that there can be more 'By the use of 6 O this -form of the invention it is possible for one telephdne insert, reproducing radio entertainment, to be shared by two or more persons (e g, patients in neighbouring beds in a hospital ward) with a consequent saving of cost

insofar as each person would not re 65 quire to have an individual telephone insert.


* GB785280 (A)

Description: GB785280 (A) ? 1957-10-23

Handle for cases, bags or similar containers


PATENT SPECIFICATION 7859280 - ' Date of application and filing Complete Specification: June 18, 1956. No 18733/56. -/ D Application made in Germany on Feb3, 1956. Complete Specification Published: Oct 23, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Class 133, H 5 F 1. International Classification:-A 45 c. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Handle for Cases, Bags or similar Containers We, CARL NORRENBERG AND ERNST NORRENBERG-SUDHAUS, both German Citizens, and both of Teichstrasse 5, Iserlohn, Germany, trading as the firm HEINRICH SUDHAUS SOHNE, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be described in and by the following statement: - A spring handle for cases, bags or similar containers is known which has a steel strip covered with leather or a plastic sleeve and has slots near the ends through which engage bolts on the wall of a case or the like, the ends being covered by caps The bolts cart also be mounted on the caps and also form' simultaneously the fixing agent for

the caps on the wall of a case or the like Since the covered steel band is mounted underneath the caps, such caps must be made relatively high as there must be sufficient play to assure an easy insertion of the handle-ends beneath the caps During the sliding motion the steel band covering may be easily damaged. The invention deals with a new design of a spring handle of the above-mentioned type, which has a lower depth of cap, whilst facilitating an easy sliding motion and avoiding the danger of friction According to the invention, a spring handle for cases, bags or similar containers comprises a covered steel strip the ends of which with the slots therein are covered by caps and slidably guided on bolts and the ends of the steel strip under the caps extend beyond the handle covering and on such ends is fitted a protective or antifriction covering The protective covering forms sleeves or tongues which cover the ends of the steel strip and which have notches or slots registering with the slots in the steel strip and the sleeves or tongues have suitable longitudinal ribs in order to reduce friction on the caps The protective covering may be made of metal, and the tongues may only cover the upper side of the steel band, and can be ma nsiderably thinner than leather or plastic material so that the caps can be of lower depth Moreover, metal slides on metal and the tongues can be provided with ribs, therefore the friction is ex 50 tremely low The ribs prevent also the. scratching of the main surface of the tongues and the protective covering forms a stop for the entry of the ends, of the handle into the caps 55 It is advisable to thicken the plastic covering of the steel -strip towards, the middle, in order to provide a good grip for the hand. The invention is further explained in the accompanying -drawings, on which: 60 Figure 1 A top view of one end of the steel band, Figure 2 A longitudinal section through the steel band fitted into the cap. Figure 3 A side view, and 65 Figure 4 A top view of the steel band with the handle covering. A steel strip 7 which has slots 8 is fitted with a plastic covering 6 which does not extend to its end portions engaging in caps 70 The covering can be moulded or pressed on, or in the form of a pre-shaped sleeve which is pulled on the steel strip The thickness and width of the covering 6 increases from the ends towards the middle and therefore 75 fits well into the hand The covering 6 has on the top side a rib 10 the inside of which has a grip pattern. Secured to the handle covering 6, are the metallic protective coverings 5 which are 80 fitted on the ends of the covering 6 and which extend outwardly over the free ends of the steel strip 7 the outer ends terminating in Ushaped tongues 12 The tongues 12 leave the

ends of the steel strip 7 free and form a 85 recess 9 over the slot 8 The coverings 5 have stamped longitudinal ribs 13 in order to anchor the aforementioned handle, one uses caps 1, which are U-shaped in cross section and are provided with bent tongues 90 14 An inner member 2 is fitted in the caps and positioned by the tongues 14 and has a counter sunk recess 15 in which the head of a bolt 3 is rigidly held The bolt 3 passes through the slot 8 and a hole in the wall 16 of the case and is held on the inside by nut 17 In order to avoid any twisting of the cap 1, a tongue 4 is bent from near the rear end of the inner member 2 which penetrates into the wall 16 of the case when the cap 1 is fitted.


* GB785281 (A)

Description: GB785281 (A) ? 1957-10-23

Improved freezer compartment for household refrigerators


PATENT SPECIFICATION 7859281 c Date of application and filing Complete Specification: July 16, 1956. No 21920/56 Application made In United States of America on July 18, 1955. Complete Specification Published: Oct 23, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Class 29, H( 2 C: 2 H: 8). International Classification:-F 25 d. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improved Freezer Compartment for Household Refrigerators We, GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, a Corporation of the State of New York, United

States of America, having its office at Schenectady 5, State of New York, United States of America, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: - 0 This invention relates to household refrigerators and is more particularly concerned with an improved freezer chamber for such refrigerators. In many household refrigerators, there is provided a single evaporator which serves not only to cool the fresh food storage compartment but also forms one or more walls of a freezer chamber In order to maintain the contents of the freezer chamber at proper preservation temperatures, it is necessary to operate such an evaporator continuously at sub-freezing temperatures As a result the moisture in the air within the storage compartment condenses on the evaporator surfaces and collects thereon in the form of frost This frost layer continues to build up during operation of the refrigerator and finally materially decreases the efficiency of the refrigerating unit It therefore becomes necessary to remove this layer of frost periodically from the evaporator surfaces To avoid the necessity of the manual defrosting of the evaporator, various automatic arrangements have been developed for this purpose These have generally included various means for supplying sufficient heat to the evaporator so that the frost will melt in a relatively short period of time and before any substantial warming or thawing of the frozen contents of the freezer chamber results During operation of the evaporator, frost first collects on the refrigerant tubing and on the metal freezer walls immediately adjacent the tubing During continued oper4 S ation of the evaporator over a relatively long period of time at sub-freezing temperatures, lPrice 3,,6 d D there is a gradual expansion of the frosted areas until ultimately substantially all of the metal surfaces of the freezer chamber which are in direct or indirect heat exchange rela 50 tionship with the refrigerant tubing become covered with frost This expansion of the frosted area results in part from the fact that during the operating period all of the metal surfaces including those somewhat remote 55 from the refrigerant tubing attain substantially the same sub-freezing temperature so that there is no longer a tendency for moisture or frost collecting on remote and relatively warmer surfaces to migrate to the 60 area of refrigerant tubing which at the beginning of the operating period is the coldest area Since some time is required for the entire freezer chamber metal wall portion to reach this uniform temperature at which 65 frost collects on all of the metal surfaces, it follows that the usual automatic defrosting schemes in which warmed refrigerant is passed through the

refrigerant tubing in order to melt the frost which has collected oia the 70 evaporator or freezer surfaces fails to effect sufficient warming of the remote areas to melt the frost in these areas within a period of time which is short enough to avoid thawing of the frozen food contents of the freezer 75 chamber For that reason, passes of refrigerant tubing are ordinarily provided on all of the metal surfaces of the freezer chamber to assure that all of the metal freezer walls will be quickly defrosted when warm refrigerant 80 is passed through the tubing In other words, with the usual freezer evaporator composed of metal walls, refrigerant tubing passes must be provided on all of the top, bottom, rear and end walls, more for the purpose of effect 85 ing satisfactory removal of frost than for the purpose of maintaining the freezer chamber at satisfactory storage temperatures The provision of the refrigerant tubing on all of the frostable surfaces results in an increased 90 material and manufacturing cost as well as an increase in the total volume of the refrigerating system and hence the amount of refrigerant necessary for an efficient operation of the system. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a household refrigerator including a freezer chamber and a single evaporator for maintaining the desired temperatures both within the food storage compartment and the freezer chamber, which chamber is characterized by the fact that one or more of the walls thereof need not be provided with refrigerant tubing passes to assure satisfactory automatic defrosting. In carrying out the objects of the present invention, there is provided a freezer chamber having top, rear and bottom walls composed of a material of high heat conductivity such as aluminium and end walls composed of material of low heat conductivity so that under all operating conditions these end walls will maintain a temperature a few degrees warmer than the metal walls to which the evaporator tubing is secured and therefore will operate frost free and require no defrosting The end walls of the chamber are so formed of a low heat conductivity material, such as a plastic material, that they serve not only to form the end walls of the chamber but also to support the C-shaped evaporator forming the remaining walls of the chamber. For a better understanding of this invention, reference may be had to the accompanying drawing in which Fig 1 is an elevation view of a portion of a refrigerator incorporating an embodiment of this invention; Fig 2 is a sectional view along line 2-2 of Fig 1 and Fig 3 is a sectional view taken along the line 3-3 of Fig 2. Referring to the drawing, there is shown a refrigerator cabinet 1 including an outer wall 2 and a spaced inner wall or liner 3 defining a food storage compartment 4 The access opening to the food

compartment is closed by a door 5. In order to cool the food storage compartment, there is provided in the upper portion thereof a C-shaped evaporator 7 including top wall 8, rear wall 9 and the bottom wall 1 o 10 As is shown more clearly in Fig 3 the C-shaped evaporator includes a sheet metal member 12 forming the inner surface of the walls 8, 9 and 10 and a plurality of passes 13 of refrigerant tubing secured in heat exchange relationship with or integral with the sheet metal portion 12. In order to enclose the space encompassed by the evaporator and to provide a closed freezer chamber within the food storage compartment, there are provided members 16 and 17 composed of a material of low heat conductivity as compared with the metal forming the evaporator 7 These members 16 and 17 not only form the end walls of the freezer chamber 11 but also serve to support the evaporator structure 7 within the upper portion of the compartment 4. In the embodiment illustrated, the members 16 and 17 are generally pan-shaped and include, as is more clearly shown in Fig 3, a 70 central portion 18 defined at its upper, rear, and lower boundaries by a shoulder 19 which is of the same general shape or configuration a's the evaporator 7 and is engaged by the side edges 21 of the evaporator To maintain 75 the central portion 18 in spaced relationship with the adjacent side wall 22 of the liner 3, there is provided a flange 23 extending around all four sides of the member 17 with the edges of the flange adjacent at least the 80 top and bottom portions of the member 17 terminating in flat sections 24 and 25 adapted to engage the liner wall 22 and to be secured thereto by means of screws 26 If desired, the space between the liner wall 22 and the 85 central portion 18 of the supporting members may be filled with suitable heat insulation as indicated by the numeral 27 in Fig 3. As has previously been indicated, the evaporator 7 serves to cool the food storage 90 compartment 4 by direct heat exchange with the air contained in that compartment In order to maintain a sufficiently low temperature in the compartment 4 and to maintain a temperature within the freezer chamber 11 95 sufficiently low for the preservation of frozen foods stored therein, the evaporator 7 must be operated normally at a temperature substantially below the freezing point of water. As a result, moisture in the air within the 100 compartment 4 condenses on the evaporator and collects thereon as frost Since condensation and frosting initially takes place at the coldest areas, the first frost formation is on the refrigerant tubing 13 and in the areas 105 immediately adjacent the refrigerant tube passes However, upon continued operation of the refrigerator the remaining surfaces of the evaporator comprising the sheet metal portion 12 gradually assume

approximately 110 the same temperature as the tubing so that there is a gradual migration or expansion of the frosted area until eventually all of the evaporator surfaces are covered with a laver of frost This frost acts as an insulating 115 medium thus reducing the cooling effect in the evaporator and the efficiency of the refrigerating system It is desirable therefore to remove this blanket from time to time in order to maintain the operation of the re 120 frigerating system at a reasonably high efficiency. Since the manual removal of this frost layer is both time-consuming and disagreeable, better schemes have been developed for 125 periodically warming the evaporator to a temperature somewhat above the melting point of ice for a period of time sufficient to melt the frost layer In a refrigerator of the construction with which the oresent inven 130 785,281 words, while the end walls of the freezer chamber will normally operate at temperatures well below freezing no frost will collect thereon so that the refrigerant tubing which normally would have to be provided thereon 70 for defrosting purposes can be eliminated. The elimination of this tubing considerably simplifies the evaporator structure as well as the evaporator circuit In effect a shorter Evaporator circuit can be employed so that 75 smaller diameter tubing can be used with an appreciable cost reduction in the evaporator. Likewise, since less evaporator tubing need be supplied, the total volume of the refrigerating system is reduced, therefore permitting 80 a reduction in the total refrigerant charge. The lower cost of the evaporator of the present invention also results from the manner in which the freezer chamber may be assembled and supported within the stor 85 age compartment 4 In the usual method of manufacturing a modern household refrigerator the cabinet is assembled as one unit and the refrigerating system including the evaporator, compressor and condenser are 90 assembled as a separate unit Thereafter the evaporator is positioned within the cabinet and the condenser and compressor suitably mounted exteriorly thereof In accordance with the usual practice, openings are pro 95 vided in the rear walls of the liner and outer cabinet wall or shell and the evaporator is inserted into the storage compartment 4 through this opening Thereafter the openings in the liner and rear cabinet wall are 100 closed by means of suitable plates such as those indicated by the numerals 31 and 32 in Fig 2 It is, of course, necessary to provide within the storage compartment 4 suitable supporting means for the freezer chamber, 105 and in the previously known arrangements this chamber must of course be connected to the supports after it is inserted into the compartment 4. The simplified structure of the freezer 110 chamber of the present

invention greatly facilitates this assembly operation Before the evaporator 7 is positioned within the storage compartment the members 16 and 17 can be fastened to their respective liner side walls 15 by means of the screws or bolts 26 at a time when the bulky evaporator forming the cross-walls of the freezer compartment does not interfere with this operation Thereafter, the refrigerating system including the 120 evaporator is brought into assembly position with regard to the refrigerator cabinet and the evaporator 7 is inserted through the opening provided in the rear cabinet wall until it engages the shoulder 19 of the mem 125 bers 16 and 17 To facilitate this assembly operation and to support the evaporator on the end members 16 and 17, there may be provided one or more protuberances such as the protuberance 35 adjacent the shoplder at 130 tion is concerned wherein the evaporator forms the principal wall structure of the freezer chamber, it is essential that any defrosting operation depending upon the warming of the evaporator surfaces be carried out within a relatively short period of time so that the freezer contents are not thawed or otherwise damaged A simple and effective means of defrosting a refrigerator evaporator known as the "hot gas" method comprises the circulation of warm refrigerant through the evaporator tubing The warm refrigerant gives up its heat to the tubing for melting the frost therefrom While this method has as its principal advantages simplicity and relative low-cost as compared for example to complicated electrical heating arrangements, its effectiveness insofar as the entire evaporator surface is concerned depends upon the spacing and positioning of the tube passes 13. In other words, while the warmed or gaseous refrigerant quickly removes the frost from the tube passes, the rate of heat transfer through the sheet metal member 12 forming :25 the principal walls of the freezer chamber, even when this sheet metal member is composed of a high heat conductivity material such as aluminium, is not sufficiently fast to melt the frost on portions of the member remote from the tube passes within a period of time sufficiently short so that the freezer chamber contents are not damaged. For satisfactory hot gas defrosting of the previously known freezer chambers in which all of the walls forming the chamber are composed of metal, it has been necessary to provide refrigerant tubing passes on all of the walls including the end walls The resultant evaporator or freezer chamber, of course, does not lend itself to manufacture by lowcost methods, as for example by the forming thereof from a flat sheet metal structure in which the refrigerating tubing has already been attached to the sheet metal or formed as an integral part thereof. In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a freezer

chamber adapted for hot ga's defrosting of the evaporator characterized by the fact that the end walls 16 and 17 are formed of a material of relatively low heat conductivity as compared with metal and which because of their low heat conductivity are not given to frost formation thereon By this arrangement regardless of the temperature at which the evaporator operates or in other words regardless of the temperature attained by the metal portions of the evaporator, the end walls 16 and 17 formed of plastic or other low heat conductivity material continuously operate at temperatures a few degrees above the evaporator Thus any moisture which may collect on the end walls 16 and 17 will migrate to the colder areas of the freezer chamber 11 namely to the metal evaporator In other 785,281 the top of the end members 16 and 17 and the protuberances 36 spaced from the shoulder along the bottom of the end members 16 and 17 which co-operate with the shoulder and form recesses or slots which guide the forward edges 37 and 38 of the evaporator into the proper position with regard to the members 16 and 17 Preferably the projections 36 at the bottom portions of the side members 16 and 17 are spaced apart to permit drainage of defrost water from the interior of the freezer chamber downwardly during a defrosting operation This defrost water may be collected by means of a baffle 38 positioned below the freezer chamber from which it drains rearwardly onto the rear wall 39 of the liner In order to limit the forward movement of the evaporator during assembly operation and to provide a more pleasing appearance for the face portions of the freezer compartment, the projections 40 and 41 adjacent the forward portions of the members 16 and 17 are formed integral with or as combinations of the adjacent flange 23 in order to hide the edges of the evaporator structure.


* GB785282 (A)

Description: GB785282 (A) ? 1957-10-23

Improvements in and relating to hose coupling devices


PATENT SPECIFICATION Inventor: FRANCIS ROBERT BELL Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: June 28, 1956. No 20082156. Complete Specification Published: Oct 23, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Class 99 ( 1), G 4 J( 1: 2: 4). International Classification:-F 061. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements in and relating to Hose Coupling Devices We, BLACKBURN AND GENERAL AIRCRAFT LIMITED, a British Company, of Brough, East Yorkshire, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: - This invention relates to hose coupling devices and is particularly concerned with couplings for compressed air hoses for temporarily connecting the end of a hose to a fitment or for connecting together lengths, of hose. A modern technique for starting the turbine engine or engines of an aircraft involves conveying thereto compressed air supplied by a pump or a trolley-mounted small turbine engine The hose conveying the compressed air from the pump or trolley-mounted turbine engine has in this case to be temporarily connected to an intake fitment provided on the aircraft while in other cases two lengths of hose have to be interconnected, in both instances by a coupling which is such that the coupling cannot be disengaged during the time the hose is conveying compressed air whereby it is insured that the turbine engine starting operation or other compressed air operation is not inadvertently interrupted which might result in serious damage. Now the object of the present invention is to provide a coupling which satisfies the above requirements yet may easily and quickly be engaged and disengaged. To this end, the coupling according to the present invention comprises an end fitting having a bore to take over a complementary part with a plurality of inwardly projecting spring loaded balls for engaging a groove in such complementary part and an outer axially movable sleeve arranged to engage such balls on its displacement in an arrangement such that, with the balls engaged in the groove in the complementary

part, the tendency for the coupling parts to separate due to an air pressure conveyed by the hose causes a portion of the end fitting to jam the balls in the groove so effectively preventing separation of the coupling parts while dur S O ing the absence of air pressure manually applied effort to separate the coupling moves the sleeve to displace the balls against their spring loading out of the groove in the complementary part with consequent separation 55 of the coupling. The complementary part of the coupling may comprise an air intake fitment provided on an aircraft, whilst in a modified form of the invention the complementary part may 60 be a co-operating end fitting made fast to another length of hose In the latter case it is preferred to provide spring latched means on the co-operating end fitting for connecting the same with the sleeve of the separable 65 coupling to prevent displacement of the sleeve and consequent inadvertent separation of the hose lengths during the absence of air pressure therein When the connected lengths of hose are to be separated, the 70 spring means are disengaged from the sleeve and the couplings separated by manual effort applied to the sleeve to displace it axially with consequent separation of the coupling parts on retraction of the locking balls. The coupling, or each of its parts in a hose interconnecting coupling, has a stem which is entered into the bore of the hose which is secured thereto as by bonding or by externally applied hose clips when the arrange 8 s ment may be such that the sleeve is extended to conceal the hose securing clips The sleeve is furthermore preferably provided with a tight fitting or bonded cover of desirably electrically insulated material such as rubber 85 or plastic to facilitate manual gripping of the sleeve and also act as a thermal insulator. Now in order that the invention may be clearly understood and readily carried into effect a preferred construction of coupling in 90 its alternative forms is by way of example hereinafter more fully described with refer785282 ence to the accompanying drawings which are given for purposes of illustration only and not of limitation. In these drawings:Figure 1 is a section through the coupling more particularly for connection to a fitment, in which in the upper half the parts are shown connected and in the lower half the parts are shown immediately prior to disconnection, Figure 2 is a view similar to Figure 1 showing a coupling for interconnecting lengths of hose, similarly in the upper half during engagement and in the lower half IS immediately prior to separation, Figure 3 is a cross section on the line IIIIII, and Figure 4 is an end elevation of the ball holding and spring loading cage with the surrounding portion of the coupling shown in section, the left hand half of this figure showing the balls and cage as during engagement and the right hand half as during their

displacement at the initial stage of separation corresponding to the lower halves of Figures 1 and 2. Referring now to the said drawings in which identical parts bear like reference letters, the coupling comprises an annulus 1 having an extension 2 which is entered into the bore of a hose 3 which is made fast thereto as by bonding or by hose clips 4, 5 as shown. The annulus is formed with an internal 3 S peripheral recess 6 which has a sloping wall 12 and an opposed portion 1 with sufficient space therebetween to permit passage of balls 7 which are contained in such recess 6 and which are located in spaced relation and spring loaded by a cage 8 (see Figure 4) positioned in the recess and bearing on the peripheral wall thereof Externally of the annulus is a slidable sleeve 9 which has its one end portion 10 shaped or bent round so that that portion will, on displacement of the sleeve, engage the balls 7 to force them to ride up the sloping wall 12 against the spring action of the cage 8. The sleeve 9 is supported by the portion of the annulus beyond the recess 6 and by a ring 11 secured to such sleeve by force fit dowels 12, which ring slides on the portion 13 of the annulus 1 The sleeve 9 is provided with an external cover or hand grip 14, which is conveniently made of rubber and is a tight fit on the sleeve 9 or is bonded thereto. The part 15 with which the coupling engages may comprise part of a fitment such as an air intake pipe provided on an aircraft and this part is provided with a peripheral groove 16 The mating surfaces of the fitment 15 and annulus 1 are tapered or stepped or both tapered and stepped substantially as shown to limit the extent that the annulus will telescope over the fitment 15. Internally the annulus 1 may have a packing ring 17 for making an airtight joint with the fitment 15. In use the coupling is telescoped over the 70 fitment 15 for its annalus 1 to engage therewith and on reaching approximately the limit of movement the balls 7 drop into the annular groove 16 under the spring action of their cage 8 When so engaged any tendency for 75 the coupling to separate from the fitment 15 due to the pressure of air lead therethrough causes the part 1 l of the annulus 1 to attempt to ride over the balls 7 so effectively jamming them in the groove 16 and preventing sep 80 aration of the coupling During the period of no air pressure within the hose and fitment, a manual effort applied to the sleeve 9 in the direction to pull off the coupling displaces the sleeve 9 relative to the annulus 1 85 when the part 10 of the sleeve bears on the balls 7 and causes them to ride up the sloping portion 12 of the annulus 1 bounding the recess 6 thus moving the balls 7 against the urge of the spring loading portions of the 90 cage 8 so lifting

them out of the groove 16. Thereupon the coupling easily slips from the fitment 15. In the modified arrangement shown in Figure 2 the fitment 15 forms part of an end 95 fitting having an extension which is located in the bore of another length of hose 18 to which it is made fast as by bonding or by means of hose clips 19 The fitting 15 is provided with an opposed pair of lugs or with 100 a peripheral flange 20 with which pivotally engage a pair of flat springs 21, 22 the free ends of which will engage over the end of the sleeve 9 to prevent accidental displacement thereof and consequent separation of the 105 coupling during the absence of air pressure within the hose line.


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