449-1066. invaded by iberians (came from iberian peninsula) celts romans anglo saxons vikings ...
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Invaded by Iberians (came from Iberian Peninsula) Celts Romans Anglo Saxons Vikings Normans
These invasions shaped the country
• Known to be in England since 300 B.C.• 700 B.C. they dominated western and
central Europe• Artisans – introduced iron to the rest of
Europe• Farmers• Warriors• Language was dominant until 500 A.D. • Language was the basis for
– Scots Gaelic, Welsh, Irish (Wales, Scotland, Ireland)
One of the groups of Celts, Brythons, formed the basis for the name Britain
The legend of King Arthur was based on Celtic legends about one of their Chieftains
William Butler Yeats used Celtic legends as basis for his poetry
Celtic legends included strong powerful women
Practiced by the Celts “Spirits/Fairies” inhabit and controlled
everything Priests were called Druids Occasionally ritual dances were
necessary Occasionally human sacrifice was
necessary Beliefs led the way for many fantastical
stories
Julius Caesar leads an invasion in 55 B.C. Romans kept other invaders away from
Britain for several hundred years Built 5,000 miles of roads
Enabled trade, taxes, and military Christianity is introduced Left Britain in 409 A.D.
Began as groups of families led by a chief
Farmers Metal Workers Anglo-Saxon language became the
dominant language Coined the name England
Not barbarians but warfare was common Loyalty was tantamount
Ensured survival Rewarded by leaders in form of gifts
Fame and success were gained by loyalty to the leader
Success was measured by gifts from the leader Fame: immortality could be found through
recognition for heroic deeds
Unified the many groups together to fight the Danes/Vikings
Rebuilt cities that had been destroyed during invasions
Revived interest in learning Helped spread the use of English as a
common language which allowed it to gain respect
Started the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, a record of Anglo-Saxon history
Translated and wrote works
Woden God of death, poetry, and magic Led to the word Wednesday (Woden’s Day) Could help humans communicate with spirits Associated with burial rites and trances
Thunor God of thunder and lightning Led to the word Thursday (Thunor’s Day)
Bravery Rough life with constant invasions and harsh
conditions Loyalty
Rewarded because leaders needed to know they had help
Generosity Tokens of appreciation for bravery and loyalty
Friendship
Important part of Anglo-Saxon beliefs Protectors of treasure Associated with the Vikings/Danes
Carved on their ships Embodiment of evil and death
Scops Talented story tellers Sang stories of heroes and gods
Sung with a harp As important to society as warriors Sang sad stories of bravery and
hardships To be a hero of a story was the ultimate
reward – FAME Used common phrases to remember their
stories
432 all of Ireland converted Irish monks formed monasteries for
refugee scholars Eventually replaced the Anglo-Saxon
religion Linked England to Europe
A reconstructed Anglo-Saxon home located in West Stow in Sussex, England
Mead Hall
• center of life
• sleeping quarters
• dining area
• meeting place
• Located in Woodbridge, Suffolk, England
• Discovered in 1939
• Burial ship of an Anglo-Saxon king
• Burial site contained 41 items of solid gold and 37 gold coins
Sutton Hoo
Anglo-Saxon pendant probably made in the 7th century AD
found in garden soil at Sacriston, County Durham.
made of solid gold with a goldwire or filigree decoration.
Anglo-Saxon Brooch