IBERIANS IN AMERICA

1488: Bartolemon Diaz rounded the southern cone of Africa1492: Columbus’ first voyage1498: Vasco da Gama arrives in India1519-1522 Magellan circumnavigates the earth

1492: Columbus 1494 The Treaty of Tordesillas 1519-1521 Cortes' conquest of Mexico1530-1533: Pizarro--Peru (Inca) 1564 Philippines occ'ed by Spain1580-1640: Spain and Portugal under unified rule—Not a thorough integration

Cortes Moctezuma

•Why the Iberians ?•Gold and silver mines•Impact on population•Impact of silver on world economy•Plantations •Sugar•New World and the Old

Potosi mines

1520 1522 1548 1568 1608

Mexico 25 11.2 4.7 2.2 0.852

Peru 9 0.6

GREAT DYING(Population in million)

Plantations

• Forced labor

• Depends on continued import of slaves

• Large scale factory-like organization

• Owner has complete control

• Specialized production for distant markets

• Political control from overseas

Sugar mill

Economic impacts

• New commodities

• Profits from trade

• Shipping technology

• New sources of bullion

• Inflation

• Creation of a global network

Columbian Exchange

• New WorldCorn, potato tomato,

peppers, chocolate, vanilla, tobacco, beans, pumpkin, avocado, peanuts, pecan, cashew, pineapple, sunflower

• Old WorldHorses, cattle, pigs,

sheep, chickens, honeybee, wheat, rice, barley, oats, soy, sugar cane, onion, lettuce, citrus, banana, olive, tulips