A STUDY ON INDUSTRIAL SAFETY MANAGEMENT IN

ANGLO FRENCH TEXTILES PTC LTD., PUDUCHERRY

SUMMER PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

R. ANBARASAN

REGISTER NO: 27348303

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Mr. G. BALA SENDHIL KUMAR, B.E., MBA., M. Phil.

Faculty, Department Of Management Studies

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

Of

MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES

SRI MANAKULA VINAYAGAR ENGINEERING COLLEGE

PONDICHERRY UNIVERSITY

PUDUCHERRY

SEPTEMBER 2007

1

SRI MANAKULA VINAYAGAR ENGINEERING COLLEGE

MADAGADIPET

DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This to certify that the project work entitled “ A STUDY ON INDUSTRIAL

SAFETY MANAGEMENT IN ANGLO FRENCH TEXTILES PTC LTD.,

PUDUCHERRY” is a confide work done by R. ANBARASAN [REGISTER NO:

27348303] in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of Master of Business

Administration by Pondicherry University during the academic year 2007 – 2008.

GUIDE HEAD OF DEPARTMENT

Submitted for Viva-Voce Examination held on ___________

EXTERNAL EXAMINER

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

With the divine blessing of god, I take immense pleasure in stating the

acknowledgement for this project. I express my deep gratitude to Mr. N.KESAVAN,

Chairman, Mr.M.DHANASEKARAN, Managing Director and Mr.S.V.SUGUMARAN,

Vice Chairman, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Engineering College.

My special thanks to our college Principal, Mr.V.S.K.VENKATACHALAPATHY

for extending me moral support during the course of this work.

My special thanks to Mr.S.JAYAKUMAR, Head of the Department of Management

studies for his motivation and providing me the permission in doing this project.

I wish to thank my internal guide Mr. G.BALA SENDHIL KUMAR for being so

resource full from the beginning of this project and help to bring this project successfully.

I thank my external guide Mr. N.VELAYUDHAM, Safety Officer of Anglo French

Textiles PTC Ltd, Puducherry for giving me this opportunity to do this project work in their

organization and for guiding me throughout the project duration.

I wish to thank all other faculty members of the department for their co-operation and

encouragement throughout my project work.

I am also thankful to all the employees of Anglo French Textiles PTC Ltd,

Puducherry for providing me the details about the company for the completion of my

project.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF TABLES

LIST OF CHARTS

CHAPTER

NO.TITLE

PAGE

NO.1 INTRODUCTION 12 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 113 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 194 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 205 DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 236 FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS,

RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE STUDY

46

7 CONCLUSION 498 LIMITATION AND SCOPE OF THE STUDY 50

ANNEXURES

1. BIBLIOGRAPHY

2. QUESTIONNAIRE

Table No. List Of Tables Page No.

5.1 Age wise classification of Respondents 23

4

5.2 Departments in Anglo French Textiles 245.3 Service of Employees in the Organization 255.4 Employees opinion regarding safety measures 265.5 Organization providing any personal protective

equipments

27

5.6 Frequency of training programme 285.7 Conservancy in case of accidents 295.8 Availability of Safety Equipments 305.9 Remedial measures taken by the organization 315.10 Major causes of accidents 325.11 Experienced person doesn’t need training 335.12 Disease affects workers in work environment 345.13 Frequency of accidents happening 355.14 Severity of accidents caused 365.15 Causes of great disturbance in work environment 375.16 Chemical content of Waste/Effluent 385.17 Working conditions provided by the Organization 395.18 Safety measures in Organization 405.19 Chi-Square analysis of Training on safety and First aid

and Met with accidents

41

5.20 Chi-Square analysis of providing personal protective

equipments and Methods to improve safety measures

43

5.21 Analysis of various facilities provided by the

organization using weighted average method

45

Table No. List Of Charts Page No.

5.1 Age wise classification of Respondents 235.2 Departments in Anglo French Textiles 245.3 Service of Employees in the Organization 255.4 Employees opinion regarding safety measures 265.5 Organization providing any personal protective

equipments

27

5.6 Frequency of training programme 285.7 Conservancy in case of accidents 295.8 Availability of Safety Equipments 305.9 Remedial measures taken by the organization 315.10 Major causes of accidents 32

5

5.11 Experienced person doesn’t need training 335.12 Disease affects workers in work environment 345.13 Frequency of accidents happening 355.14 Severity of accidents caused 365.15 Causes of great disturbance in work environment 375.16 Chemical content of Waste/Effluent 385.17 Working conditions provided by the Organization 395.18 Safety measures in Organization 40

CHAPTER – I

1.1 COMPANY PROFILE

The Anglo French Textiles is a Unit of Puducherry Textiles Corporation Limited. It

is a Government of Puducherry undertaking and it is one of the largest composite textile

mills in Southern India.

1.1.1 History of Anglo French Textiles

Anglo French Textiles was started by Mr.Rodier in the year 1898 and was

incorporated in England during the same year. It proudly celebrated its centenary in 1998.

In the beginning stage, Africa and Madagascar were the prominent buyers of Anglo French

Textiles. The exported dyed cloths were popularly known as “Sendura” cloth.

Unfortunately in the middle of July 1983 there was a persistent labour unrest, which

brought down the performance of the mill. This situation gave way to sell the mill to Sri

Jatia and Somania group of Mumbai. At that time the mill was facing financial crisis due

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to mismanagement and the besieged by labour problem. This culminated into stoppage of

the operation in the mill and ultimately the mill ceased to the function from July 1983.

The closure of the mill adversely affected the economy of Union Territory of

Puducherry and caused social problems. The representation of the jobless employee, public

and reports of the press made the government of puducherry to reopen the mill. It also

passed an act to nationalize the mill, which came into effect from 24th December 1985.

(Thereafter it vested absolutely with the government of puducherry initially and

immediately, thereafter stands vested with Puducherry Textiles Corporation limited).

Now Anglo French Textiles is functioning as three units. The Unit A and Unit B

are within the heart of the city on the Cuddalore highway, and the Unit C is located 10Kms

away from the Puducherry city.

1.1.2 The Reasons for the success of the mill are:-

Standard new work norms

Working all 24 hours in a day and 6 days in a week

Various welfare schemes for the workers.

1.1.3 Present Context of Anglo French Textiles

At present AFT encompasses 3 units where 3000 employees are employed. The

management has planned to modernize the company by installing new machineries in order

to produce super fine quality fabric for the export purpose. It has also set up a “quality

term” whose main objective is to get qualification certificate like the ISO 9000 and EN

29000 with its dedicated team with its manifold and materialistic development it is for

granted that AFT will become the pride of the Union Territory of Puducherry during the

21st century.

1.1.4 OBJECTIVES OF AFT

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The main objectives of the company can be generally stated as manufacturing and

selling of cotton yarn and cotton fabrics.

• To manufacture and market cotton yarns.

• To manufacture and market cotton fabrics.

• To manufacture garments and uniforms for various agencies and service

organizations.

• To protect the interest of the employees through welfare measures.

• To modernize the mills and its systems including computerization.

1.1.5 DEPARTMENTS OF AFT

The various departments of AFT are

1.1.5.1 Production Department:-

The Production Department is subdivided into five departments, which are as

follows.

Spinning Department – Blow room, Carding and spinning.

Weaving Preparatory Department – Winding, Warping and Sizing.

Processing Department – Bleaching, Printing and Dyeing.

Weaving Department – Loom shed.

Warehouse Department – Examining, Packing and Baling.

1.1.5.2 Service Department:-

The Service Department comprises six departments, namely,

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Marketing Department

Finance and Accounts Department

Purchase and Stores Department

Quality Assurance Department

Engineering Department

Personnel Department

1.1.6 GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT ANGLO FRENCH TEXTILES

Company Name : Anglo French Textiles

(A Unit of Puducherry Textiles Corp. Ltd.)

Registered Office : A.F.T Premises, Cuddalore Road,

Puducherry – 605 004.

Location of the Mill

A & B Units : Mudaliarpet, Puducherry – 605 004.

C Unit : Ayyankutipalayam, Puducherry – 605 009.

Date of Incorporation : 23rd December 1985 (Originally in 1898)

Commencement of Business : 10th June 1986 (after taken over by

Puducherry Government).

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Authorized Capital : Rs. 240 Crores

Issued & Paid up capital : Rs. 220 Crores

Licensed Capacity : 63,240 spindles and 1613 looms.

Telephone No. : 2358951 and 2359075

Fax : 0413-2357710

E-mail : Aftmd2.vsnl.net.in

1.1.7 HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT

Safety increases productivity, reduces accidents, acts as moral booster for

employees, enables them to work fearlessly with confidence when they are assured of work

safety. Safety measures develop team spirit and the sense of belongingness among

employees, as they see no hazards to their lives and health.

1.1.7.1 The Safety Policy of AFT

The occupational safety and health are primarily a management function like quality

and production, having total participation of all workmen with the objective of reducing

deterioration and losses of resources of Men, Machines and Materials ensuring product

safety.

“Quality Through Safety”.

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The commitment of management towards safety has envisaged constituting safety

committee headed by the chief safety officer. The safety policy is published among all

employees through play cards, instructions and exhibits.

1.1.8 Methods followed to provide safety to employees in Anglo French Textiles

1. Safety Inspections.

2. Job safety analysis.

3. Safety education and training.

4. Investigation of accidents.

5. Wet drills.

1.1.8.1 Safety Inspection

Periodical Inspection of work spots are carried out by the safety officers from the

angle of health and safety of employees. Any unusual sound, smell or any other

observation are bought to the notice of the concerned department in charge. The work

methods of employees are observed and recorded. Also House-keeping, electrical

appliances, high pressure operations and the use of heat and fore are studied with special

attention and appropriate warning are issued. The number of fire extinguishers, their

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maintenance and refill status are observed and recorded. (Once in a month, in the

concerned department).

1.1.8.2 Job Safety Analysis

In this the critical jobs are studied in detail especially the jobs causing frequent

accidents and damages. All the possible causes of accidents are analyzed and appropriate

methods are advised.

1.1.8.3 Safety Education and Training

Here the employees are informed about the various hazards in the works and the

methods of using safety equipments and other personal protective equipments. In addition

first-aid training, fire fighting methods are taught to the employees. Safety training

programme are conducted at certain intervals by the experts who come from various

institutions and employees were sent to attend training programme and seminars conducted

by the various institutions at the expenses of the company.

1.1.8.4 Investigation of Accidents

Case studies are being carried out to investigate the various causes of accidents by

appropriately choosing accidents cases. In this the causes are broadly classified as 3

categories as below.

1. Unsafe act of men.

2. Unsafe conditions of machines.

3. Unsafe environment.

1.1.8.4.1 Accident Investigation Report

The following is the sample of report noted during 2006 in Unit A of AFT is

considered for the cause of accidents.

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Name: xxxxxx Code No.: xxxxx Category: Beam Carrier

Date: 05-06-2006. Place: Weaving Preparatory.

Report: When working as beam carrier and while removing the empty warp from the beam

stand, unfortunately the roll slipped and his right hand middle finger and ring finger were

caught in between the roll shaft and beam bracket and caused cut and bleeding injury.

1.1.8.4.1.1 Nature of Injury: Cut and bleeding injury (Right hand middle and ring

finger).

Investigation: The empty warp weighing about 100 kgs was lifted by two operatives one at

each end from the beam bracket. While carrying the empty warp, the flange of the beam at

one end was struck by the M.S. rail and due to this shock the man at the other end lost

control thereby got his right middle finger crashed against the bracket.

1.1.8.4.1.2 This has occurred due to the following reasons.

1. The injured person was not probably holding the beam shaft rigidly.

2. The other man did not lift the empty roll well above the M.S. rail so as to

avoid obstruction to the flange. This requires considerable strength in the

workmen.

1.1.8.4.1.3 Remedies

1. Every workman should be instructed about the possible dangers of the work.

2. Whenever huge weights are handles manually, persons of physical soundness

should be employed there on.

3. Lifting of heavy beams must be handled with the help of pulley.

1.1.8.5 Wet Drills

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This is an exercise carried out by the coordinated activities of the personnel in

Engineering, Security and Personnel Departments. This is carried out to maintain the

preparedness for fire fighting. This is also called mock fire drill.

Once in a Quarter the security personnel are informed suddenly, break out of fire at

some department without prior intimation and the time is noted down, also the Engineering

department is informed the CSO arrives at this spot mentioned. The Security personnel are

expected to be present at the spot as soon as possible and arrange for extinguishing (mock

fire) by making ready with the fire hoses nozzles protective equipments etc.

1.1.9 Types of Accidents Happening in Anglo French Textiles

S.N0. Types of Accidents Percentage of Accidents1 Slipping of limbs into the machines 26%2 Shuttle fly 19%3 Falling of Objects 15%4 Bobbin cut 13%5 Trolley hit 11%6 Chemical flash 7%7 Eye Affection 5%8 Slipping and falling 2%9 Others 2%

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1.2 INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL SAFETY

Life of Industrial workers is becoming more and more prone to danger. The

Industries are becoming more in number, size and sophistication. Every year, lakhs and

lakhs of workers meet accidents in factories, mines and workshops leading to injuries,

permanent disabilities and sometime deaths.

Accidents may be caused by unsafe working environments, defective plant and

equipments, poor supervision, careless acts etc., Industrial safety management is a vital part

of the human resources management in any industry because it ensures job satisfaction, job

security and motivates the employees for higher productivity. Also, it helps in loss control

for the overall benefit of the organization. Hence, industrial safety is beneficial to the

workers as well as management.

1.2.1 SYNOPSIS

A good organization not only gives importance to the sales, profit, increase

production etc., but also provide safety measures to achieve the best results. This study

highlights the various safety activities carries out at the Anglo French Textiles PTC (LTD)

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for the employees and the organization as a whole. Also, it would help the management to

know about the feelings of the workers about the safety measures.

Industrial engineers are concentrating their attention to improve the design of

workplace, layout, selection of equipment and machines. Employees also should lay

emphasis on safety measures in their plants.

Moreover, rules and regulations, laid down in the labour laws, make it obligatory on

the part of industrialist to provide certain minimum measures of safety to employees. This

study is based on collection of data from records of the Anglo French Textiles, Puducherry

and also personal interviews with the employees.

CHAPTER - II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

2.1 Introduction

An organization is made up of four resources, namely men, material, money and

machinery. Of these, the first one is living one and the other three are non-living i.e., non-

human. It is the human or people that make use of non-human resources. Hence, people

are the most significant resources in an organization. It is man who makes all the

difference in organizations. According to Peter F. Drucker, “man, of all the resources

available to man, can grow and develop”. Human resources are heterogeneous in the sense

that they differ in personality, perception, emotions, values, attitudes, motives and modes of

thoughts.

2.1.2 Safety

Safety, in simple terms, means freedom from the occurrence or risk of injury or

loss. Industrial safety or Employee safety refers to the protection of workers from the

danger of industrial accidents.

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2.1.3 Accidents

An Accident, is an unplanned and uncontrolled event in which an action or reaction

of an object, a substance, a person, or a radiation results in personal injury.

2.1.4 Causes of Accidents

The industrial safety experts have classified the various causes of accidents into

three broad categories:

1. Unsafe Conditions

2. Unsafe Acts

3. Other Causes

2.1.5 STATUTORY PROVISIONS FOR INDUSTRIAL SAFETY

The International Labour Organization (ILO) organized a Tripartite Technical

Conference in 1948 to formulate a ‘Model Code’ of Safety Regulations for Industrial

Establishments for the guidance of governments and industry. The code covers various

areas of unsafe conditions and unsafe acts.

In India, The Factories Act, 1948 lays down safety provisions contained in Sections

21 to 41. These provisions are obligatory on the part of industrial establishments. A brief

resume of these is presented as follows.

2.1.5.1. Fencing of Machinery (Section 21):

It is obligatory on the part of the management to fence machinery with guards of a

substantial construction. The same shall be constantly maintained and kept in its proper

position when any part of the machine is in motion or movement.

2.1.5.2. Work on or Near Machinery in Motion (Section 22):

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A trained adult male worker wearing tight fitting clothing should examine and

operate the machine in motion. He should not handle a belt on a moving pulley more than

fifteen centimeters in width. No young children or women should handle a machine which

is in motion.

2.1.5.3. Employment of Adolescents on Dangerous Machines (Section 23):

Young persons should not be allowed to work on dangerous machines unless he has

been fully instructed as to the dangers involved and he has received sufficient training to

work on the machine under the supervision of a person having thorough knowledge and

experience of working on that machine.

2.1.5.4. Striking Gear or Device for Cutting off Power (Section 24):

Every factory must provide suitable striking gear to move driving belt to and from

fast and loose pulleys which form part of transmission machinery. There should also be a

locking device to prevent accidental starting of transmission machinery to which the device

is fitted.

2.1.5.5. Self-Acting Machines (Section 25):

No traversing part of a self-acting machine and no material carried thereon shall be

allowed to run within a distance of 45 centimeters from any fixed structure which is not a

part of the machine.

2.1.5.6. Casting of New Machinery (Section 26):

All machinery driven by power and installed in any factory after April 1 1949,

every set crew, bolt or key, spindle shall be sunk or securely guarded to prevent any danger.

Further, all spur, worm and toothed or friction gearing while in operation shall be

completely unease unless it is safely situated.

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2.1.5.7. Prohibition of Employment of Woman and Children near Cotton Openers

(Section 27):

Women and children shall not be employed in any part of a factory for pressing

cottons when cotton opener is in operation. However, women and children may be

employed in a room which is separated from opener.

2.1.5.8. Hoists and Lifts (Section 28):

In every factory, hoists and lifts should be in good condition and should be

examined once in every six months.

2.1.5.9. Lifting Machines, Tackles, Chains and Ropes (Section 29):

Similarly, in every factory, lifting machines chains, ropes and lifting tackles must be

in good construction and should be examined once in a year.

2.1.5.10 . Revolving Machinery (Section 30):

In every room where grinding work is going on, a notice indicating the maximum

safe working peripherals speed of the machine shall be affixed near it. Effective measures

will also be taken in every factory to ensure that the safe working peripheral speed of every

revolving vessel, cage, basket, flywheel, pulley, or similar other appliances driven by

power is not exceeded.

2.1.5.11. Pressure Plants (Section 31):

If in any factory, any plant or its part is operated at a pressure above atmospheric

pressure, the pressure should not be allowed to exceed by taking effective measures in this

regard.

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2.1.5.12. Floors, Stairs and other means of Access (Section 32):

In every factory, all floors, steps, stairs, passage and gangway shall be of sound

construction and be properly maintained.

2.1.5.13. Pits and Openings in Floors (Section 33):

Since every fixed vessel, sumps, tank, pit, or opening in a floor may be a source of

danger, therefore, shall be securely covered or fenced.

2.1.5.14. Excessive Weights (Section 34):

No person shall be employed in the factory to lift or carry excess load/weight so as

to cause him/her physical injury.

2.1.5.15. Protection of Eyes (Section 35):

In every factory, adequate provisions of goggles or screen to protect persons

working on machine which might cause damage to their eyesight, shall be made.

2.1.5.16. Precaution against Dangerous Fumes (Section 36):

No employee in any factory shall be allowed to enter any chamber, tank, pit, vat,

pipe, flue or such other confined place in which any gas or fume is present.

2.1.5.17. Explosive or Inflammable Gas or Dust (Section 37):

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In any factory which produces through its manufacturing process dust, gas, fume or

vapour of such nature exploding on ignition, effective measures such as enclosure of the

plant or machinery used in the process, removal of accumulated dust or fume and effective

enclosure of all possible source of ignition, should be taken to prevent explosion likely to

be caused by gas or fume.

2.1.5.18. Precaution in case of Fire (Section 38):

In every factory, effective measures to be taken to prevent outbreak of fire and its

spread. These may include exit door to escape in case of fire, necessary equipments and

facilities for extinguishing fire and adequate arrangement to raise alarm in case of fire,

preferably a siren.

2.1.5.19. Power to Require Specification of Defective Parts or Tests of Stability

(Section 39):

If it appears to the factory inspector that any building or part of it is in such a

condition that it is dangerous to human life, he/she may ask for details about them or insist

on suitable tests to determine their safety.

2.1.5.20. Safety of Building and Machinery (Section 40):

Where unsafe condition of building and machinery is reported, the inspector having

being satisfied may ask the occupier or manager to repair it suitably.

2.1.5.21. Power to Make Rules (Section 41):

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The State Government is empowered to make rules requiring the provision in any

factory of such further devices and measures for securing safety of persons employed

therein.

2.1.5.22. The other acts covering statutory provisions of safety are:

• Mines Act, 1952

• Plantation Labour Act, 1961

• Bidi and Cigar Workers (Conditions of Employment) Act, 1966.

• Contract Labour (Regulation and Abolition) Act, 1970

• Motor Transport Workers Act, 1961

2.2 Articles from Journals

THE PUDUCHERRY FACTORY RULES 1964

(As Amended up to 31.12.1993)

Government of Puducherry

Labour Department

Notification

S.O.84 – In exercise of the powers conferred by the Sec.112 of the Factories Act,

1984 (Central Act 63 of 1948), the Lieutenant – Governor, Puducherry hereby makes the

following rules, the same having been previously published as requires by Sec.115 of the

said act, viz.

Rule 106 of the Puducherry Factory Rules notification of accidents and dangerous

occurrences.

When any accident which results in the death or bodily injured to any person or any

dangerous occurrence specified in the schedule takes place in a factory, the manager of the

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factory shall forthwith send a notice there of by a special messenger or by telephone, or by

telegram to

1. The Inspector and Chief Inspector.

2. The District Magistrate or sub divisional officer.

3. The Officer in charge of the nearest police station.

4. The relatives of the injured or deceased person.

Any notice given as required shall be confirmed by the manager of the factory to the

authorities within 12 hours of the accident or the dangerous occurrence by sending them a

written respond in Form 17.

When any accident or dangerous occurrence specified in the schedule takes place in

factory and it causes such bodily injury to any person as prevents the person injured from

working for a period of 48 hours or more immediately following the accident on the

dangerous occurrence, as the case may be, the manager of the factory shall send a report

thereof to the inspector in form 17 within 24 hours after the expiry of 48 hours from the

time of the accident on the dangerous occurrence.

2.2.1 LEGAL ASPECTS RELATING TO INDUSTRIAL SAFETY

There are legal provisions too for undertaking safety measures. There are laws

covering occupational health and safety and penalties for non-compliance have become

quite sever. The responsibility extends to the safety and health of the surrounding

community too.

The civil law establishes the extend of damages or compensation. Under the

criminal law, sentences are prescribed under the pollution control laws. There is no ceiling

on the extend of liability.

2.2.2 The various acts involved in Industrial safety are:

1. The Factories Act, 1984.

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2. The Employees State Insurance Act 1948.

3. The Indian Explosive Act, 1884.

4. The Explosive Substance Act, 1908.

5. The Inflammable Substance Act, 1952.

6. The Petroleum Act, 1934.

7. The Indian Electricity Act, 1910.

8. The Indian Boilers Act, 1932.

9. The Fatal Accident Act, 1885.

CHAPTER – III

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1. To Study the Industrial safety measures followed in Anglo French Textiles.

2. To Study the different types of accidents happening inside the organization.

3. To analyze the causes of accidents.

4. To measure the effectiveness of the safety and first-aid training programme

provided by the organization.

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5. To find the ways to reduce the different types of accidents and pollutions inside

the organization.

CHAPTER – 4

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

4.1 RESEARCH – MEANING

Research is an art of scientific investigation. According to Redmen and Mary

defines research as a “systematic effort to gain knowledge”.

Research methodology is way to systematically solve the research problem. It is a

plan of action for a research project and explains in detail how data are collected and

analyzed. This research study is a descriptive research study.

4.2 RESEARCH DESIGN

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A research design is a plan that specifies the objectives of the study, method to be

adopted in the data collection, tools in data analysis and hypothesis to be framed.

“A research design is an arrangement of condition for collection and analysis of data in a

manner that aims to combine relevance to research purpose with economy in procedure”.

4.3 NATURE OF DATA

4.3.1 Primary data

The primary data are collected from the employees of Anglo French Textiles PTC

Ltd., through a direct structured questionnaire.

4.3.2 Secondary data

Company profiles, Company registers, websites, magazines, articles were used

widely as a support to primary data.

4.4 SAMPLING SIZE AND TECHNIQUE

4.4.1 Size of the sample

It refers to the number of items to be selected from the universe to constitute as a

sample. In this study 100 employees of Anglo French Textiles PTC Ltd., was selected as

size of sample.

4.4.2 Sample design

The sampling technique used in this study is simple random sampling method.

This method is also called as the method of chance selection. Each and every item of

population has equal chance to be included in the sample.

4.4.3 Questionnaire

The questions are arranged logical sequence. The questionnaire consists of a

variety of questions presented to the employees for the response. Dichotomous questions,

multiple choice questions, rating scale questions were used in constructing questionnaire.

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4.5 STATISTICAL TOOLS USED

To analyze and interpret collected data the following statistical tools were used.

1) Percentage method

2) Weighted average method

3) Chi-square analysis

4.5.1 Percentage method:

The percentage is used for making comparison between two or more series

of data. It can be generally calculated as

No. of respondents favorable

x 100

Percentage of respondent =

Total no of respondents

4.5.2 Weighted average method

The weighted average method can be calculated by the following formula

Here

XW represents the weighted average

X represents the value of variable

W represents the weight given to the variable.

4.5.3 Chi-square analysis:

Chi-square analysis in statistics is to test the goodness of fit to verify

the distribution of observed data with assumed theoretical distribution.

27

XW = ∑ WX / ∑ X

Therefore it is a measure to study the divergence of actual and expected

frequencies.

The formula for computing chi-square is as follows.

The calculated value of chi-square is compared with the table of chi-square

for the given degrees of freedom at the specified level of significance. If the

calculated value is greater than the tabulated value then the difference

between the observed frequency and the expected frequency are significant.

the degrees of freedom is (n-2) where ‘n’ is number of observed

frequencies and in case of contingency table the degrees of freedom is

(C-1) (R-1) where C is number of columns and R is number of rows.

CHAPTER – V

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

Age wise classification of Respondents

Table 5.1

S.No. Age in Years No. of Respondents Percentage1 30 – 40 11 11.02 41 – 50 39 39.03 51 – 60 50 50.0

Total 100 100.0

Age wise classification of Respondents

Chart 5.1

28

Chi-square = ∑ {(O-E)2 / E}

11

39

50

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

30-40 yrs 41-50 yrs 51-60 yrs

Age in years

per

cen

tag

e

Inference:

The above table indicates 11 percentages of the respondents belong to 30-40 years

old category, 39 percentages of the respondents belongs to 41-50 years category, 50

percentages of the respondents belongs to 51-60 years category.

Departments in Anglo French Textiles

Table 5.2

S.No. Department Frequency Percentage1 Spinning 22 22.02 Weaving Preparatory 13 13.03 Weaving 29 29.04 Processing 14 14.05 Engineering 16 16.06 Warehouse 6 6.07 Total 100 100.0

Departments in Anglo French Textiles

Chart 5.2

29

22

13

29

1416

6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Departments

per

cen

tag

e

Spinning

Weaving Preparatory

Weaving

Processing

Engineering

Warehouse

Inference:

The above table indicates 22 percentage of the respondents belong to spinning

department, 13 percentage of the respondents belong to Weaving Preparatory department,

29 percentage of the respondents belong to Weaving department, 14 percentage of the

respondents belong to Processing department, 16 percentage of the respondents belong to

Engineering department, 6 percentage of the respondents belong to Warehouse department.

Service of respondents in the organization

Table 5.3

Service of respondents in the organization

Chart 5.3

S.No. Service in the organization Frequency Percentage1 Below 10 yrs 1 1.02 10 - 20 yrs 29 29.03 20 - 30 yrs 35 35.04 above 30 yrs 35 35.0

Total 100 100.0

30

35

1

29

35

Below 10 Yrs

10 - 20 Yrs

20-30 Yrs

Above 30 Yrs

Inference:

The above table indicates 1 percentage of respondent belong to below 10 years, 29

percentage of respondents belong to 10-20 years, 35 percentage of respondents belong to

21-30 years, 35 percentage of respondents belong to above 30 years of service in the

organization.

Opinion of respondents regarding safety measures

Table 5.4

S.No. Opinion regarding safety measures

Frequency Percentage

1 Very much satisfied 10 10.0 2 Satisfied 30 30.0 3 Dissatisfied 34 34.0 4 Very much dissatisfied 26 26.0

Total 100 100.0

Opinion of respondents regarding safety measures

Chart 5.4

31

34

26

10

30

Very much satisfied

Satisfied

Dissatisfied

Very much dissatisfied

Inference:

The above table indicates 10 percentages of the respondents are very much satisfied,

30 percentages of the respondents are satisfied, 34 percentages of the respondents are

dissatisfied, 26 percentages of the respondents are very much dissatisfied.

Providing any personal protective equipment

Table 5.5

S.No. Organization providing personal

protective equipments

Frequency Percentage

1 Yes 70 70.0 2 No 30 30.0

Total 100 100.0

Providing any personal protective equipment

Chart 5.5

32

30

70

Yes

No

Inference:

The above table indicates 70 percentages of the respondents says that the

organization is providing personal protective equipments and 30 percentages of the

respondents says that the organization does not provide any personal protective equipment.

Frequency of the training programme

Table 5.6

S.No. Training programme Frequency Percentage 1 Monthly 8 8.0 2 Quarterly 17 17.0 3 Half yearly 20 20.0 4 Annually 19 19.0

Total 64 64.0 Missing System 36 36.0

Total 100 100.0

Frequency of the training programme

Chart 5.6

33

17

8

36

19

20

Monthly

Quarterly

Half yearly

Annually

None

Inference:

The above table indicates 8 percentages of the respondents says that every month

the training on safety and first-aid programme is conducted, 17 percentages of the

respondents says that every quarter the training on safety and first-aid programme is

conducted, 20 percentages of the respondents says that half yearly once the training on

safety and first-aid programme is conducted, 19 percentages of the respondents says that

annually once the training on safety and first-aid programme is conducted. Also 36

percentages of the respondents says that the training on safety and first-aid programme is

not at all conducted.

Conservancy in case of accidents

Table 5.7

S.No Conservancy Frequency Percentage1 Loss of production 13 13.02 Disability of labour 70 70.03 Analysis of the causes of accidents 17 17.0

Total 100 100.0

Conservancy in case of accidents

Chart 5.7

34

13

70

17

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Loss of production Disability of labours Analysis of the causesof accidents

conservancy

Per

cen

tag

e

Inference:

The above table indicates that 13 percentages of the respondents says loss of

production, 70 percentages of the respondents says disability of labour and 17 percentages

of the respondents says analysis of the causes of accidents will be the considerations of the

management in the case of accidents.

Availability of Safety equipments

Table 5.8

S.No. Safety Equipments Frequency Percentage 1 Abundant 5 5.0 2 Sufficient 30 30.0 3 good/ok 35 35.0 4 Lacking 30 30.0

Total 100 100.0

Availability of Safety equipments

Chart 5.8

35

35

30

5

30Abundant

Sufficient

Good/Ok

Lacking

Inference:

The above table says that 5 percentages of the respondents says abundant, 30

percentages of the respondents says sufficient, 35 percentages of the respondents says

good/ok, 30 percentages of the respondents says lacking.

Remedial measures taken by organization

Table 5.9

S.No. Remedial Measures Frequency Percentage 1 Highly Satisfactory 13 13.0 2 Satisfactory 37 37.0 3 Good 41 41.0 4 Poor 9 9.0

Total 100 100.0

Remedial measures taken by organization

Chart 5.9

36

13

3741

9

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

HighlySatisfactory

Satisfactory Good Poor

remedial measures

per

cen

tag

e

Inference:

The above table indicates 13 percentages of the respondents are highly satisfied, 37

percentages of the respondents are satisfied, 41 percentages of the respondents says good

and 9 percentages of the respondents says poor regarding the remedial measures taken by

the organization in case of accidents.

Major causes of accidents

Table 5.10

S.No. Major causes of accidents Frequency Percentage1 unsafe act of men 32 32.02 unsafe condition of machines 19 19.03 unsafe environment 34 34.04 Improper implementation of safety measures 15 15.0

Total 100 100.0

Major causes of accidents

Chart 5.10

37

36

31

9

24

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Major Minor Fatal Disability

causes of accident

Per

cen

tag

e

Inference:

The above table indicates 32 percentages of the respondents says unsafe act of men,

19 percentages of the respondents says unsafe condition of machines, 34 percentages of the

respondents says unsafe environment, 15 percentages of the respondents says improper

implementation of safety measures were the major causes of accidents.

Experienced person doesn't need training

Table 5.11

S.No. Training for experienced persons Frequency Percentage 1 Yes 39 39.0 2 No 61 61.0

Total 100 100.0

Experienced person doesn't need training

Chart 5.11

38

39

61

No

Yes

Inference:

The above table indicates 39 percentages of the respondents agrees that the

experienced person doesn’t need training on safety and 61 percentages of the respondents

appose it.

Diseases affect you in work environment

Table 5.12

S.No. Diseases affects in work environment Frequency Percentage 1 Byssionosis 46 46.0 2 Skin disease 21 21.0 3 eye affection 29 29.0 4 others 4 4.0

Total 100 100.0

Diseases affect you in work environment

Chart 5.12

39

46

21

29

4

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

1

Diseases affects the respondents

Per

cen

tag

e Byssionosis

Skin disease

Eye affection

Others

Inference:

The above table indicates 46 percentages of the respondents affected by

Byssionosis, 21 percentages of the respondents affected by skin diseases, 29 percentages of

the respondents gets eye affection and 4 percentages of the respondents gets affected with

other types of diseases such as ear problems.

Frequency of Accidents happening

Table 5.13

S.No

.

Frequency of accidents Frequency Percentage

1 Monthly 18 18.0 2 Quarterly 23 23.0 3 Half yearly 25 25.0 4 Annually 34 34.0

Total 100 100.0

Frequency of Accidents happening

Chart 5.13

40

18

2325

34

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Monthly Quarterly Half yearly Annually

Frequency of accidents

Per

cen

tag

e

Inference:

The above table indicates 18 percentages of the respondents says every month, 23

percentages of the respondents says every quarter, 25 percentages of the respondents says

half yearly once and 34 percentages of the respondents says annually once the accidents are

happening in their department.

Severity of Accidents caused

Table 5.14

S.No. Severity of accidents Frequency Percentage 1 Major 36 36.0 2 Minor 31 31.0 3 Fatal 9 9.0 4 Disability 24 24.0

Total 100 100.0

Severity of Accidents caused

Chart 5.14

41

24

9

31

36 Major

Minor

Fatal

Disability

Inference:

The above table indicates 36 percentages of the respondents says major, 31

percentages of the respondents says minor, 9 percentages of the respondents says fatal, 24

percentages of the respondents says disability regarding the severity of the accidents.

Causes of great disturbance in work environment

Table 5.14

S.No. Causes of great disturbance Frequency Percentage

1 Noise pollution 18 18.0 2 air pollution 45 45.0 3 water pollution 25 25.0 4 all the above 12 12.0

Total 100 100.0

Causes of great disturbance in work environment

Chart 5.15

42

25

12 18

45

Noise Pollution

Air Pollution

Water Pollution

All the above

Inference:

The above table indicates 18 percentages of the respondents says Noise pollution,

45 percentages of the respondents says Air pollution, 25 percentages of the respondents

says water pollution and 12 percentages of the respondents says all the above as the great

disturbance in their work environment.

Chemical content of Waste/Effluent

Table 5.16

S.No. Chemical content of waste/Effluent Frequency Percentage

1 Highly harmful 6 6.0 2 harmful 35 35.0 3 Permissible limit 44 44.0 4 harmless 15 15.0

Total 100 100.0

Chemical content of Waste/Effluent

Chart 5.16

43

44

15

6

35

Highly Harmful

Harmful

Permissible limit

Harmless

Inference:

The above table indicates 6 percentages of the respondents says as highly harmful,

35 percentages of the respondents says as harmful, 44 percentages of the respondents says

as permissible limit and 15 percentages of the respondents says as harmless regarding the

chemical content of the waste/Effluent.

Working conditions provided by organization are good

Table 5.17

S.No. Working conditions in organization Frequency Percentage 1 Strongly agree 5 5.0 2 agree 35 35.0 3 strongly disagree 26 26.0 4 disagree 34 34.0

Total 100 100.0

Working conditions provided by organization are good

Chart 5.17

44

5

35

26

34

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

StronglyAgree

Agree StronglyDisagree

Disagree

Working Condition is good

Per

cen

tag

eSeries1

Inference:

The above table indicates 5 percentages of the respondents strongly agree, 35

percentages of the respondents agree, 26 percentages of the respondents strongly disagree

and 34 percentages of the respondents disagree.

Safety measures in organization

. Table 5.18

S.No. Safety measures in Organization Frequency Percentage 1 Very much satisfied 7 7.0 2 satisfied 34 34.0 3 dissatisfied 33 33.0 4 Very much dissatisfied 26 26.0

Total 100 100.0 Safety measures in organization

Chart 5.18

45

26

33

34

7

Very much satisfied

Satisfied

Dissatisfied

Very much dissatisfied

Inference:

The above table indicates 7 percentages of the respondents are very much satisfied,

34 percentages of the respondents are satisfied, 33 percentages of the respondents are

dissatisfied and 26 percentages of the respondents are very much dissatisfied.

Chi-Square Analysis of Training on Safety & First-aid and Met with accidents

Null Hypothesis:

HO – There is no significant difference between the Training on safetyAnd first aid and employees meet with accidents.

Observed Frequency

Table 5.19

Training on safety

and first aid

Met with any accidents Total

Yes No

Yes 45 19 64

46

No 30 6 36

Total 75 25 100

Expected Frequency

Table 5.19.1

Training on safety

and first aid

Met with any accidents Total

Yes No

Yes 48 16 64

No 27 9 36

Total 75 25 100

Chi-square analysis

Table 5.19.2

S.No. Observed

Frequency (O)

Expected

Frequency (E)

(O-E) (O-E)^2 (O-E)^2/E

1 45 48 -3 9 0.18752 19 16 3 9 0.56253 30 27 3 9 0.33334 6 9 -3 9 1.0000

Total 100 100 0 36 2.0833

Degrees of Freedom:

(m-1) * (n-1)

(4-1) * (2-1)

47

= 3

Tabulated value of degrees of freedom (3) @ 5% level of significance = 3.841

The Calculated value < The Tabulated value.

Therefore H0 is accepted.

Inference:

There is no significant difference between the training on safety and first aid and Employees meet with accidents.

Chi-Square Analysis of Providing personal protective equipments and Methods to improve safety measures

Null Hypothesis:

HO – There is no significant difference between Providing any personal protective equipment and methods to improve safety measures

Observed Frequency

Table 5.20

Providing personal

protective equipments

Methods to improve safety Total

Posters Slogans Wearing Safety Equipments

Above all

Yes 21 19 11 19 70

No 3 4 16 7 30

Total 24 23 27 26 100

48

Expected Frequency

Table 5.20.1

Providing personal

protective equipments

Methods to improve safety Total

Posters Slogans Wearing Safety Equipments

Above all

Yes 16.8 16.1 18.9 18.2 70

No 7.2 6.9 8.1 7.8 30

Total 24 23 27 26 100

Chi-square analysis

Table 5.20.2

S.No. Observed

Frequency (O)

Expected

Frequency (E)

(O-E) (O-E)^2 (O-E)^2/E

1 21 16.8 4.2 17.64 1.052 19 16.1 2.9 8.41 0.52243 11 18.9 -7.9 62.41 3.30214 19 18.2 0.8 0.64 0.03525 3 7.2 -4.2 17.64 2.456 4 6.9 -2.9 8.41 1.21887 16 8.1 7.9 62.41 7.70498 7 7.8 -0.8 0.64 0.0821

Total 100 100 16.3655

Degrees of Freedom: (m-1) * (n-1)

49

(4-1) * (2-1)

= 3Tabulated value of degrees of freedom (3) @ 5% level of significance = 7.815

The Calculated value > The Tabulated value.

Therefore H0 is Rejected.

Inference:

There is significant difference between providing personal protective equipment and

methods to improve safety measures.

An analysis of various facilities provided by the organization usingWeighted Average Method

Table 5.21

S.No

.

Factors Excellent Very

good

Good Fair Poor Total Total/N

o.of

sample

Rank

1 First-aid

facilities

80 168 102 14 1 365 3.65 1

2 Safety training

facilities

0 28 129 42 29 228 2.28 4

3 Machines/tools

availability

5 64 81 82 15 247 2.47 2

4 Work

environment

0 24 105 88 15 232 2.32 3

Inference:

50

The above table indicates the various facilities provided by the organization to the

workers. According to the opinion, given by the workers First-aid facilities provided by the

organization ranks first.

CHAPTER – VI

6.1 FINDINGS OF THE STUDY

The most significant findings of the study are the high level of awareness about the

various available safety measures among all the classes of the respondents.

50 percentages of the employees lies above the age of 50 and their experience in

this organization is found to be above 20 years.

The training on safety and first aid are given to 70 percentages of the respondents.

The management’s conservancy in the case of accidents lies on the disability of the labors

and also the respondents are satisfied with the remedial measures taken by the organization.

The Working conditions provided by the organization are not up to the mark, and

the severities of the accidents caused are major. The major cause of the accidents is due to

the unsafe environment and the unsafe act of the labour.

51

45 percentages of the respondents says that the air pollution is the major disturbance

in their work atmosphere and the chemical content of the waste/Effluent are of permissible

limits.

The Byssionosis is the major disease which affects the most of the workers working

inside the organization.

Building and machinery not built safety. All the building and machinery are old

and there is lot of danger of human life or safety.

Above 60 percentages of the respondents feels that all the employees must be given

proper training on safety and first aid.

From the chi-square analysis it is found that there is no significant difference

between the training on safety and first aid provided by the organization and employees met

with any accidents.

From the chi-square analysis it is found that providing personal protective

equipments is one the methods to improve the safety inside the organization.

From the weighted average method it is found that the First-aid facility ranks first

among the various facilities provided by the organization.

52

6.2 SUGGESTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

1. The statutory provisions on safety are adequate for the time being. Effective

enforcement is the current need.

2. The organization should provide sufficient personal protective equipments to

employees working in all the departments.

3. Every fatal accident should thoroughly be enquired into and given wide

publicity among workers.

4. The Organization should arrange for the medical check- ups at regular period of

time.

5. If the Organization follows material handling principles and the machines are

guarded properly there is a chance to reduce majority accidents happening

inside their organization.

6. The factory inspectorate should advise and assist employers in drawing up

induction and training programme in safety.

7. Workers reluctance to use safety equipment either because it is inconvenient or

because it has been used by others should be removed through education.

53

8. Analyzing each accident and including what safety practice was violated.

Management must come forward to reward the department which considerably

reduced the number of accidents in addition to some financial incentive etc.

9. To reduce dust from the cotton good quality cottons may be used.

10. The using of exhaust fans will reduce the steam inside the weaving preparatory

department.

CHAPTER – VII

CONCLUSION

The Study on Industrial Safety Management in Anglo French Textiles PTC Ltd.,

tells that most of the employees are dissatisfied with the safety management practiced

inside the organization. The organization has to concentrate more on safety measures and

can provide safety equipments like goggles, gloves, shoes, masks, etc., to improve the

safety inside the organization.

The safety training must be given properly and compulsorily to avoid accidents

inside the organization. The first aid training must be given to both the labour and

supervisors who are working in various departments. This will improve the safety of the

organization.

54

CHAPTER - VIII

8.1 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

• The time period of the study is short, so detailed study was not made.

• Only certain factors are considered in this study to measure the Safety Measures

provided inside the Anglo French Textiles.

• Some false information might be given by the employees due to fear of their

superiors.

55

8.2 SCOPE FOR FURTHER STUDY

• The sample size taken for this study is only 100; it can be extended to a larger

sample.

• The study can be done by considering some other factors to measure the Industrial

Safety Measures inside the Anglo French Textiles.

• This study can be extended to measure the satisfaction level of employees on Health

and hygiene also.

56

ANNEXURE – I

Bibliography

Khanka, S.S., Human Resource Management (Text & Cases),

New Delhi, S. Chand & Company Ltd., 2003.

Kharbanda, V.K., Commentaries on The Factories Act, 1948, Allahabad,

Law Publishing House, 1996.

Kothari C.R., Research methodology, Tata Mc Graw-Hill Publishing

Company Ltd., 1982.

Websites

www.safety.com

57

www.anglofrenchtextiles.com

ANNEXURE- II

QUESTIONNAIRE

A STUDY ON INDUSTRIAL SAFETY MANAGEMENT IN A.F.T P.T.C LTD

1) Name: _______________________________ Code No.: _____________

2) Designation: __________________________ Dept.:_________________

3) Age a) 30 – 40 yrs b) 41 – 50 yrs. c) 51 – 60 yrs

4) Service in this Organization

a) Below 10 yrs. b) 10 – 20 yrs. c) 20 – 30 yrs. d) Above 30yrs

1) What is your opinion regarding safety measures in your work spot?

a) Very much satisfied b) satisfied c) Dissatisfied d) Very much dissatisfied

2) Whether the organization is providing any personal protective equipment? If yes specify,

a) Yes b) No Specify _____________

58

3) Whether the organization provides you training on safety & first-aid measures?

a) Yes b) No

4) How frequent the safety & first-aid training programme is conducted?

a) Monthly b) Quarterly c) Half yearly d) Annually

5) Which of the following is the major consideration in case of accidents by the conservancy?

a) Loss of Production b) Loss of materials

c) Disability of labour d) Analysis of the Causes of Accident

6) Rank the following safety training, based on their effectiveness?

a) Class room b) On the job c) P.P.T d) Audio-visual

7) The availability of safety equipments in your organization is

a) Abundant b) Sufficient c) Good/ Ok d) Lacking

8) The remedial measures taken by the organization in case of accidents are

a) Highly satisfactory b) Satisfactory c) Good d) Poor

9) What is the major cause of an accident?

a) Unsafe act of men b) Unsafe condition of machines

c) Unsafe environment d) Improper implementation of safety measures

10) Whether you met with any accident? If yes specify the location?

a) Yes b) No Location _________

11) Best place for giving first-aid in case of accidents? Please rank them accordingly to your opinion?

a) On the spot b) Dispensary c) Rest Room d) Hospital

12) Which of the following methods will improve the safety measures inside the organization?

59

a) Posters b) Slogans c) Wearing safety equipments d) above all

13) Do you think that the experienced person doesn’t need training on safety measures?

a) Yes b) No

14) Which of the following disease affects you in your work environment?

a) Byssionosis b) Skin disease c) Eye affection d) Others

15) How frequent the accidents are happening in your department?

a) Monthly b) Quarterly c) Half yearly d) Annually

16) The severity of the accidents caused in your department is

a) Major b) Minor c) Fatal d) Disability

17) Which of the following causes great disturbance in your work environment?

a) Noise Pollution b) Air Pollution c) Water Pollution d)All the above

18) The Chemical content of the Waste/Effluent are

a) Highly Harmful b) Harmful c) Permissible limit d) Harmless

19) The working conditions provided by your organization are good

a) Strongly agree b) agree c) Strongly disagree d) disagree

20) Rate the following facilities in your organization?

Factors Excellent Very good Good Fair Poor

First-aid facilities

Safety training facilities

Machines/Tools Availability

Work Environment

21) Considering the above answers the safety measures in your organization are

a) Very much satisfied b) satisfied

60

c) Dissatisfied d) Very much dissatisfied

Thank You!

61