4-vi+cmds+vars

8/9/2019 4-vi+cmds+vars

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to sho! stuff on the screen

"#rints$ to standard output echo hello

hello echo % short line & ne!file % short line 'in ne!file(

echo "% short line$ & ne!file

% short line 'in ne!file( hello)"*i, there$ *i, there

echo +$hello+$

"hello$


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grep4ind #attern in 4ile's(

grep pattern file's( grep -v pattern filename 5

grep 6pattern filename 5 grep pattern filename 5 grep "pattern !ith spaces$ filename 5

fgrep -f patternfile filename 5 grep -i pattern filename 5 egrep "pat17pat 7pat $ filename 5

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tr E amples9o translate single characters to single characters

tr abc D F filename a G , bGD, cG

tr %-H a- or tr %-H2 a- 2 or tr I%-HJ Ia- J

translates upper case to lo!er case

tr a- %-H n- a-mK-H%-M F filename Arot1 0 changes letters half!aD up alphabet

tr -s +t2 0 replace multiple spacesLtabs !ith single colon


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uniqEliminate /uplicate


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sort

sort file & ne!file alphabeticallD from beginning of line sort -. file & ne!file

alphabeticallD from third field sort -. n file & ne!file

numeric order, third field sort -rn -. file & ne!file

reverse numeric order ls -l 7 sort -r -. 8n 7 less

sho! largest files( sort -t0 -.1,1 -.8,8 BetcBpass!d 7 less

sort the pass!ord file, bD account then name

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Comparing 4iles

diff file1 file reports differences bet!een files

form allo!s changing one to the other 8,=c>,@ means lines 8-= n file1 match lines >-@ in file F is line from file1R &2 is line from file

diff file1 file file compares files cmp file1 file compares binarD files bD bDte 'and

reports first different bDte(

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find

find -name filename -print find a file !ith the name "filename$

find Tisaacs -mtime L= -print find files in mD home, older than = daDs

find . -tDpes f -e ec ls -l U + ; onlD do "ls$ on regular files

find . -tDpe f 7 args ls -l

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a!.

9his is an e tra W !ill not test on a!., butit maD be useful in some of the qui andhome!or. questions

a!. is more than a command, it isessentiallD a language Xut if Dou !ant the

full po!er, W !ould suggest learning andusing #erl instead 9hough harder to learn,it is much more po!erful, and does all that

a!. does 13


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*o! a!. !or.s

a!. does actions 'li.e arithmetic or printing( for lines specified bD patterns, or before anD lines are read 'AXE:WKA( orafter all lines are read 'AEK/(

a!. XE:WK Ustart-action Uaction EK/

Ustop-action a!. pattern1Uaction1 pattern Uaction

pattern Uaction1=


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a!. variables and actions KY - number of the current line

K4 - number of fields in current line 4S - 4ield separator YS -


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Some e tra commands'Kot in tests(

column - ma.e a list into columns ls 7 grep somefiles 7 column -c 8

locate - easier to use then AfindA

locate filename paste - Qoin each line of t!o files together, one after

the other paste file1 file

Qoin - Wf files have a field in common, combine thelines from both files if the fields match 'Must sorton the field (


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vi Concepts

Modes command 'ESC(

insert 'i, a, o, etc( e mode '0( Screen, as a !indo! in the te t [here is the cursor

*o! to move around Search for a line '"B$ and " $( E it, saving or not saving Dour changes

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vi modes

Command mode [hat Dou tDpe is a command to vi

ESC !ill change Dou from insert to command Wnsert 'or replace( mode [hatever Dou tDpe !ill go into Dour file Various commands put Dou in insert mode

e mode Commands to "e $ editor, start !ith "0$ ;n bottom line of screen


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e mode s, d, undo, !, q 0undo undo last vi operation 0! Ffilename& !rite file '0!\ to force( 0q quit '0q\ to force(

0d delete current line 08,1?d delete lines 8 through 1?

0sBoldBne!Bg substitute ne! for old on currentline B D BsBoldBne!Bg sub ne! for old on all lines !ith

" D $ in them 08,1?sBoldBne!B sub ne! for 1st old in lines 8-1?


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Search for a line

Babc search for!ard for pattern "abc$ abc search bac.!ards for pattern "abc$ n repeat search 'in same direction(

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9o e it vi

HH save file and e it /; K;9 confuse !ith 6H, !hich puts it in the

bac.ground 0!q !rite file and e it 0! Ffilename& !rite ne! file

0!\ Ffilename& over!rite old file

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vi Wnserting and %ppending

Inserting text commands.

Cursor A Append atend

Appendafter

cursor

aInsert

before

cursor

i

Open newline above

Insert atbeginning

Opennew linebelow

O

o

I

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Vie!ing 9e t [ithin % 4ile

Basic VI COMMANDS

!o enter VI t"pe

vi #lena$e %cr&

!o save a #le t"pe

w!o get out of VI t"pe

''

INS !IN* ! +!

I , insert te-t beforecursor

o , insert te-t belowcurrent line

a , insert te-t aftercursor

O , insert te-t aboveline

!o save a #le t"pe

w

!o get out of VI t"pe''

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vi Cursor Movements

'ursor (o$e!ents 'o!!ands

)r% these,cursor,co!!ands ,

in a

le.

.*

/ O

0101

Cursor

w 2 3

eturn

b4

*

l


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vi /eleting [ords and


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emacs Concepts

Commands use special .eDs0 control 'C9Y


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'emacs concepts(

%utomatic bac.ups Can set automatic saving

email, directories, ftp, much more Menu control 'instead of commands( Wnformation bars


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Starting and Ending emacs

emacs 'puts Dou in scratch buffer( C- C-f to read in file

emacs filename 'edits "filename$( C- C-s save file and e it C- s save all files and e it

C-c C-c e it '!ill as. if Dou !ant to(

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emacs help

C-h usual help .eD 41 'function 1 .eD( trD if C-h doesn2t !or.

C-h a apropos C-h c !hat does a character do C-h f !hat does a function do C-h t tutorial C-h b sho! all .eD bindings C-h sho! possible help questions

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#rocesses

Xasic unit of multi-processing ps to sho! Dour current processes ps -l to sho! more about them 'l)long( ps -al!f sho!s all processes on sDstem, in

long format, child procs indented, lines ifnecessarD

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Shell Variables

Kame and Value

E amplesMDKame)Wsaacs*;ME)isaacsfruit)appleM;K9*)%prilfullname)"Stan Wsaacs$

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9o Zse or See Shell Variables

K%ME to use it echo K%ME echo a! going to eat an fruit

fruit appledrink crab fruitdrink /fruit01uice

echo ruit is fruit, drink is drink @


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ZSES

Environment Variables to define Dour environment


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Environment Variables

ZsuallD all caps Yepresent Dour personal environment

Zsed bD various ZKW^ programs and commands *;ME


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Environment Variables

en$ to see them all Nou can change some of them

frequentlD in startup scripts

export so everDbodD can see them sub-shells scripts

set sho!s local variables also

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E ample

d)BusrBisaacsBclassBdaD1Be ercises cd d

pr dBe

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SummarD of Variables

Case sensitive Ko spaces around ")"

_uote if there are spaces in value CurlD braces 'U, ( to separate ZsuallD character strings

num)1?? ? is different from num)1??( echo or en$ to see them export

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