4. first drafts best practice (bohumil frantal) definition...
TRANSCRIPT
WG 4: Glossary on RE and LQ: Stand: 5 October 2016 COST is supported by EU Framework Program Horizon 2020
7
4. First drafts
Best practice (Bohumil Frantal)
Definition: In general sense, a best practice is a method that, through experience and
research, shows processes and outcomes, which are considered superior to those
achieved in other ways and by other methods, and that is used as a model and
recommendations for other.
Best practice in the context of renewable energy development can be defined as an
efficient renewable energy production system that is in any stage of its life cycle
(including extraction, manufacturing, transport, and construction to operation and
disposal) environmentally friendly, landscape compatible and preventing or
minimizing potential land use conflicts.
Synonyms (if any): good practice, smart practice
Keywords:
experienced, proven,
non-conflicting,
landscape compatible
Source:
Definition developed by
WG2 of the RELY project
Figure 1. ´Floating´ solar power plant in Kagoshima Bay,
Japan (Photo: © KYOCERA Corporation)
*osvědčená praxe
WG 4: Glossary on RE and LQ: Stand: 5 October 2016 COST is supported by EU Framework Program Horizon 2020
8
Energy landscape (Bohumil Frantal)
Definition: An energy landscape is a landscape whose images and functions (be they
natural, productive, residential, recreational, cultural, etc.) have been significantly
affected by energy development.
In the broadest context, the range of what can be called an energy landscape is
particularly expansive, though it may be used in the context of all branches of energy
production and consumption with a geographic expression. Traditional energy
landscapes include mines, canals, oil fields, refineries and power plants, transmission
lines and pipelines, well fields and waste disposal sites, but more recently they have
come to include expansive, whirling wind turbines, solar panels, biogas plants, and
even the visually dominant ´yellowficated´ fields of rape.
Synonyms (if any)
Keywords:
affected, powerful,
reshaped, exploited,
visually dominant
Source:
Definition adapted from
Frantál, B., Pasqualetti,
M., & Van der Horst, D.
(2014). New trends and
challenges for energy
geographies. Moravian
Geographical Reports,
22(2), 2–6.
Figure 2. Wind energy landscape, Ore Mountains,
Czech Republic (Photo: Frantal, 08/2012)
*national further terms/synonyms
WG 4: Glossary on RE and LQ: Stand: 5 October 2016 COST is supported by EU Framework Program Horizon 2020
9
Land use conflict (Bohumil Frantal)
Definition: A land use conflict is a situation where there is a disagreement on the use
of a certain piece of land and/or a feeling that a person’s rights or well-being or the
rights of the environment are being threatened by an action or undertaking of
another or the inaction of another.
The root cause of most land use conflicts is when a land use, a project or an action is
incompatible with the views, expectations and values of the people living, working
and/or vacationing in a certain potentially affected area.
Synonyms (if any): land conflict, landscape conflict
Keywords:
disagreement, dispute,
incompatibility,
dysfunctionality
Source:
Definition adapted from
Learmonth, R.,
Whitehead, R., Boyd, W.,
& Fletcher, S. (2007).
Living and working in
rural areas: a handbook
for managing land use
conflict issues on the
NSW North Coast.
Department of Primary
Industries, Wollongbar.
Figure 3. Local protest against wind energy (Photo: ???)
Note: just a makeshift photo -- to be replaced by
another
*national further terms/synonyms
WG 4: Glossary on RE and LQ: Stand: 5 October 2016 COST is supported by EU Framework Program Horizon 2020
10
Environmental Impact Assessment (Bénédicte Gaillard)
Definition
An Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a procedure evaluating the effects on the environment
of an infrastructure project. The aim is to ensure that plans, programmes and projects likely to have
significant effects on the environment are made subject to an environmental assessment, prior to
their approval or authorisation. Consultation with the public is a key feature of environmental
assessment procedures.
Within the European Union, the Directive 2011/92/EU Environmental assessment regulates the EIA
for individual projects, such as a dam, motorway, airport or factory, and the Directive 2001/42/EC
(known as 'Strategic Environmental Assessment' – SEA Directive) regulates the assessment for public
plans or programmes.
Synonyms (if any)
Strategic Environmental Assessment
Some Keywords
Analysis, Environmental Factors,
Environmental Law, Evaluation,
Sustainable Development
Source
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/ei
a/home.htm
It would be great if some a or more COST members work
with EIA and have a scheme that we could use here as an
illustration
*national further terms/synonyms
WG 4: Glossary on RE and LQ: Stand: 5 October 2016 COST is supported by EU Framework Program Horizon 2020
11
Ecological engineering (Slobodan Mickovski)
Definition:
designing societal services such that they benefit society and nature, which is
systems based, sustainable, and integrates society with its natural environment.
Synonyms: eco-engineering, bio-engineering, ground-bioengineering, ecotechnology
Some Keywords:
Restoration,
ecology,
engineering,
conservation,
landscape
architecture, urban
planning
Source
W.J. Mitsch and S.E.
Jørgensen (1989).
Ecological
Engineering: An
Introduction to
Ecotechnology. John
Wiley and Sons.
Photo (or any other kind of graphic
demonstration/description)
Figure 4. Ecological Engineering within the climate change
and hazard framework. Source (Cheong et al., 2013. Nature
Climate Change 3, 787–791 (2013)
doi:10.1038/nclimate1854)
*national further terms/synonyms
WG 4: Glossary on RE and LQ: Stand: 5 October 2016 COST is supported by EU Framework Program Horizon 2020
12
Landscape Assessment (Robert Kabai)
Definition: The purpose of landscape assessment in landscape planning is to support
the identification of landscape values, development opportunities and management
options. It is a broad term referring to various assessment types that may be classified
by their objective as resource (opportunities for specific uses), capacity (constraints
for specific uses) and other (not necessarily planning orientated) assessments (e.g.
formal aesthethic, character, ecological assessments). Assessments can take up both
quantitative or non-quantitative (descriptive or depictive) forms.
With regard to renewable energy systems, resource assessments look for the
potential locations (opportunities) for certain RE facilities, while landscape capacity
studies for the constraints. Environmental Impact Assessments and Strategic
Environmental Assessments should also be mentioned here, dealing with the
interaction of a specific / strategic RE development proposal and the landscape
concerned.
Synonyms (if any):
Keywords:
landscape quality,
landscape character,
landscape capacity,
impact assessment
Source:
Figure . Diagram from Stonehaven South LVIA, UK
(© David Wilson Associates)
*national further terms/synonyms
WG 4: Glossary on RE and LQ: Stand: 5 October 2016 COST is supported by EU Framework Program Horizon 2020
13
Landscape capacity (Slobodan Mickovski)
Definition:
Landscape capacity refers to the degree to which a particular landscape character
type or area is able to accommodate change without significant effects on its
character, or overall change of landscape character type. Capacity is likely to vary
according to the type and nature of change being proposed.
Synonyms (if any)
Some Keywords:
Nature of landscape
change; magnitude
of landscape
change, landscape
sensitivity,
cumulative effects,
landscape character
assessment,
capacity thresholds,
development
opportunities,
development
constraints
Source:
Swanick, Carys and
Land Use
Consultants (2002).
Landscape Character
Assessment
Guidance for
England and
Scotland.
Countryside Agency
and Scottish Natural
Heritage
Photo (or any other kind of graphic
demonstration/description)
Figure 5. Example of Landscape Capacity toolkit used by
Scottish National Heritage, Source: Scottish Natural Heritage,
2016 (http://www.snh.gov.uk/docs/B858929.pdf)
*national further terms/synonyms
WG 4: Glossary on RE and LQ: Stand: 5 October 2016 COST is supported by EU Framework Program Horizon 2020
14
Landscape character (David Miller)
Definition: The distinct and recognisable pattern of elements that occurs consistently
in a particular type of landscape.
Synonyms: Landscape Character Assessment (LCA) is a standard methodology for
identifying, describing, classifying and mapping what is distinctive about our
landscapes.
Some Keywords
Landscape Character
Assessment (see
publication below);
landscape quality;
landscape value.
Source
Paragraph 7.8,
Landscape character
assessment
guidance for England
and Scotland (2002)
The Countryside
Agency and Scottish
Natural Heritage.
(www.snh.gov.uk/pr
otecting-scotlands-
nature/looking-
after-
landscapes/lca/)
Figure 6. Map of Landscape Character, from Tayside
Landscape Character Assessment, produced for Scottish
Natural Heritage (Perth and Kinross Council, UK)
*national further terms/synonyms
Alternative Figure: Cranborne Chase Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty
www.ccwwdaonb.org.uk/outstanding-landscapes/landscape-character/
WG 4: Glossary on RE and LQ: Stand: 5 October 2016 COST is supported by EU Framework Program Horizon 2020
15
Landscape Function (José M. Rojas)
Definition Landscape functions were originally defined as “the flows of social, economic and
ecological benefits that land may generate” (Helming et al, 2008; Perez-Soba et al, 2008).
Later on, they have been redefined as the “capacity of land for ecosystem service
production” (Bolliger & Kienast, 2010). Furthermore, landscape functions have been
acknowledged to “encompass the composite nature of the capital stocks represented by
cultural landscapes” (Buckhard et al, 2009; Haines-Young & Potschin, 2009). Despite the
ample attention provided to this term in the scientific literature, it is widely recognized that
the word ‘function’ is overlain by many different meanings (Jax 2005), which often confuse
means with ends (Wallace, 2007), thus being a controversial term for which multiple
meanings and disciplinary approaches are still simultaneously employed.
Synonyms (if any)
Some Keywords; Multi-
functional Landscapes;
Land-Use Functions;
Landscape Goods and
Services.
Source
J. Bolliger & F. Kienast
(2010). Landscape
Functions in a Changing
Environment.
Landscape Online 21, 1-
5.
Figure 7. English Fields, England UK (Photo: Steve Gibson, 2015)
*national further terms/synonyms
WG 4: Glossary on RE and LQ: Stand: 5 October 2016 COST is supported by EU Framework Program Horizon 2020
16
Landscape Identity (Veronica Hernandez-Jimenez)
Definition
Identity is related with the character and the tangible and intangible characteristics that shape the
feeling of a person of belonging to a landscape. Identity of a landscape is the sum of the different
information layers on the territory, cultural elements, natural resources, and current use. Key
naturalists *Fernandez Pison, Gonzalez Bernaldez have referred to this concept saying landscape
identity come with the person, it is a bagpack full of information what we are carrying.
Synonyms (if any)
roots, feeling of belonging
Some Keywords
Source
Of the definition: Can be a
standard work, can be from a
well-known article or can be
elaborated by the RELY COST
Action members
Photo
Figure 1. Orchards in the South of Madrid, Olmeda de las
Fuentes (Photo: OCT, 2009)
Figure 2. Merinas Droveway in the North of Spain, La Rioja
(Photo OCT, 2012)
*national further terms/synonyms
WG 4: Glossary on RE and LQ: Stand: 5 October 2016 COST is supported by EU Framework Program Horizon 2020
17
Landscape Governance (Stanislav Martinat)
Definition: The processes of goal-oriented formulation, coordination, management and decisions
about utilisation and protection of landscape involving governmental and also non-governmental
actors (general public, NGOs, private sector etc.). This refers to central idea that state no longer has
a monopoly over public affairs and that the decision-making on landscape issues should be more
decentralized, transparent and open for a civil society participation.
Synonyms (if any)
Some Keywords
Governance, public
participation
Source
Definition created by
authors of Oxford
Dictionary of Human
Geography (Castree
et al., 2013)
Photo (or any other kind of graphic demonstration/description)
Figure 1. Landscape Governance, Lednice/Valtice (Photo: Stanislav Matinat,
year) *national further terms/synonyms
WG 4: Glossary on RE and LQ: Stand: 5 October 2016 COST is supported by EU Framework Program Horizon 2020
18
Landscape quality (Sebastian Eiter)
Definition
We understand landscape quality as features of a distinct area that humans perceive
as resources or values. Human activity, i.e. land use, “can be regarded as the
expression of the resource or value potential people perceive in their material
environment” (Eiter 2010). According to Arler (2000) landscape qualities “should not
be conceived as mere expressions of private or subjective preferences … they are
sharable and discussable, even though they may not actually be shared by all, and
even though the common discussion cannot make up for personal experience. … “[T]he
key to a better regard for … landscape quality is … democratic dialogue …, not surveys
and calculations of everybody’s accidental here-and-now preferences”. This collective,
or inter-subjective, aspect is also reflected in the Preamble of the European Landscape
Convention which states that ‘‘the quality and diversity of European landscapes
constitute a common resource’’ (CoE 2000).
Synonyms: Landscape value, landscape resource
Keywords
Perception, natural,
cultural, economic,
aesthetic, amenity,
sensual, ecosystem
services, pictorial,
historical, biological
Sources
Arler, F. 2000.
‘Aspects of
landscape or nature
quality.’ Landscape
Ecology 15, 291–
302.
Council of Europe
2000. ‘European
Landscape
Convention’,
Florence.
http://www.coe.int/
en/web/conventions
/full-list/-
/conventions/treaty/
176
Photo (or any other kind of graphic
demonstration/description)
Figure 1. Title, Location (Photo: Author, year)
1. ábra Title, Location (Fotó: Author, year) (Hungarian for
publication in the Hungarian Journal of Landscape Ecology
Has anybody an idea for a picture/visualization?
WG 4: Glossary on RE and LQ: Stand: 5 October 2016 COST is supported by EU Framework Program Horizon 2020
19
Eiter, S. 2010.
‘Landscape as an
Area Perceived
through Activity:
Implications for
Diversity
Management and
Conservation.’
Landscape Research,
35 (3), 339–359.
*national further terms/synonyms
WG 4: Glossary on RE and LQ: Stand: 5 October 2016 COST is supported by EU Framework Program Horizon 2020
20
Landscape resilience (Slobodan Mickovski)
Definition:
Landscape resilience is the capacity for renewal in a dynamic environment.
Synonyms (if any)
Some Keywords
Diversity,
regeneration,
resistance,
adaptation.
Source
Gunderson, L.H.,
2000. Ecological
resilience — in
theory and
application. Annual
Review of Ecology
and Systematics
31:425-439.
Photo (or any other kind of graphic
demonstration/description)
Figure 8. Yanweizhou Park gives new life to the riparian
wetland of Jinhua City, China (Photo: Turenscape, 2015),
Source: (https://www.toposmagazine.com/yanweizhou-
park-a-resilient-lanscape/#05-yanweizhou-birdeye-view2-
631x440)
*national further terms/synonyms