4 /9 focus:
DESCRIPTION
4 /9 Focus: Soon after European powers had established direct trading links with Asia, they sought to gain more permanent control there Do Now: Which Portuguese explorer established a direct trade route with India?. European Exploration. European Imperialism in Asia. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
• 4/21 Focus: 4/21 Focus: – Soon after European powers had
established direct trading links with Asia, they sought to gain more permanent control there
• Important Terms:Important Terms:• Imperialism
• Do Now:Do Now:–Which Portuguese explorer
established a direct trade route with India?
• Imperialism– The domination by
one country of the political and/or economic life of another country
– Europeans countries competed with each other to gain colonies in Asia, Africa, and the Americas
•
• Took control of Indian trade network from Muslims in the early 1500’s– Dominated trade in the
Indian Ocean and Southeast Asia
• Seized the port of Malacca in Southeast Asia– Was an important Arab
trading city – Gave Portuguese control of
spice trade between Europe and Asia
• Portugal was a powerful sea power but could not conquer large territories on land– Portuguese leaders,
merchants and missionaries created resentment among many in Southeast Asia• Intolerant polices of Governor
Alfonso de Albuquerque • Destruction of Hindu Temples • Massacre of Muslims
– Led to the decline of Portuguese power in the Indian Ocean in the late 1500’s
• First European nation to challenge Portugal for control of Asian spice trade – The Dutch East India
Company• Trading company
formed by group of wealthy Dutch merchants
• Regulated trade between Holland and other parts of the world
•
• Seized Malacca from the Portuguese in 1641
• Created less resentment among Asian populations than Portuguese by being more tolerant of different beliefs– Allowed them to establish
closer ties with local leaders
• Dutch came to dominant the spice trade
• Gained colonies in Southeast Asia in the 1500’s – Financed Magellan's
circumnavigation of the globe • Magellan claimed the
Philippine Islands for Spain in 1521– Gave Spain a base to
trade with China and spread Christianity to East Asia
•
• Decline of the Mughal Empire allowed France and England to gain influence in India
• British East India Company made alliances with local rulers and created an army of Indian troops
• Known as sepoys • pushed French out of
their trading posts• England became the
real power in India
• 4/22 Focus: 4/22 Focus: – Europeans had met with much
resistance in their efforts to open the East trade. Expansion to the West in the Americas would be much more successful
• Do Now:Do Now:–What was the difference between the
way the Portuguese dealt with people in Asia and the way the Dutch dealt with people in Asia?
• Chinese restricted foreign trade during the Ming and Qing dynasties – Thought
European goods were inferior
– Limited trade to port of Macao
• Matteo Ricci– Jesuit priest who
was welcomed by the Ming in China
– Shared European knowledge of arts and science
–Ming were not interested in Christianity
• Portuguese traders and missionaries came to Japan in the 16th century
• Tokugawa Shogunate feared foreign influences and conversion of people to Christianity – Began persecuting
Christians – Issued Edict of 1635
closing Japan to Europeans • Japanese not allowed to
travel to other countries
• China sends Zheng He on voyages of exploration to India, Middle East, and East Africa
• Portuguese establish trading outposts throughout Asia & gain control of Asian spice trade (early 1500’s)
• Dutch take control of Asian Spice trade from Portuguese
• Europeans sail to China and Japan in search of more trade
• China sends Zheng He on voyages of exploration to India, Middle East, and East Africa
• Portuguese establish trading outposts throughout Asia & gain control of Asian spice trade (early 1500’s)
• Dutch take control of Asian Spice trade from Portuguese
• Europeans sail to China and Japan in search of more trade
• China stops voyages of exploration in 1433
• Starting in the 1500’s the Chinese restrict trade with foreigners
• Japan outlaws Christianity in 1612
• Japan beings closed country policy and remains isolated from Europe for 200 years
• China stops voyages of exploration in 1433
• Starting in the 1500’s the Chinese restrict trade with foreigners
• Japan outlaws Christianity in 1612
• Japan beings closed country policy and remains isolated from Europe for 200 years
ExplorationExploration IsolationIsolation
European Motives
for Explorati
on
European Motives
for Explorati
on
Desire for trade with
Asia
Desire for trade with
Asia
Ottomans disrupted overland
trade routes
Ottomans disrupted overland
trade routes
Wanted to avoid Italian and Muslim merchants
Wanted to avoid Italian and Muslim merchants
Spices, silks, precious metals, fruits
Crusades
Pax Mongolia
Marco Polo
Spread Christianity
Spread Christianity
Islamic Islamic EmpireEmpire
ss
Islamic Islamic EmpireEmpire
ss
Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire
Capture Constantinople
Turkish group
Experience golden age under Suleiman
Disrupt European trade routes
Safavid EmpireSafavid Empire
Spread Shiite form of Islam
Golden age under Shah Abbas
Controlled Persia
Mughal EmpireMughal Empire
Founded by Babur
India
Akbar was absolute ruler
Promoted religious toleration
Taj Mahal example of Mughal architecture
• Heliocentric theory challenges geocentric theory • Copernicus
• Math and observation support heliocentric theory• Galileo,
Keppler, Newton
• Scientific method develops• Bacon &
Descartes
• Heliocentric theory challenges geocentric theory • Copernicus
• Math and observation support heliocentric theory• Galileo,
Keppler, Newton
• Scientific method develops• Bacon &
Descartes
Scientific Revolution
New approach to solving problems
and thinking about the world
developed based on observation,
experimentation, and challeinging traditional ideas
New approach to solving problems
and thinking about the world
developed based on observation,
experimentation, and challeinging traditional ideas
• What was the reaction of the Chinese and Japanese to the presence of Europeans in Asia?