361 scotch road ewing township, nj 08628 project … winter associates, inc. - lgea report homefront...

Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Homefront /87

March 7th, 2014

Local Government Energy Program Energy Audit Report

Homefront 361 Scotch Road

Ewing Township, NJ 08628

Project Number: LGEA109

Steven Winter Associates, Inc. 293 Route 18 South, Suite 330 Telephone (866) 676-1972

Building Systems Consultants East Brunswick, NJ 08816 Facsimile (203) 852-0741 www.swinter.com


Table of Contents

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................. 3

HISTORICAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION ........................................................................................ 7

EXISTING FACILITY AND SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION (MAIN BUILDING) ..................................... 9

EXISTING FACILITY AND SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION (STORAGE SHED) .................................. 18

EXISTING FACILITY AND SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION (AUTO MAINTENANCE SHED) .............. 22

RENEWABLE AND DISTRIBUTED ENERGY MEASURES .......................................................... 26

PROPOSED ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES ................................................................ 29

PROPOSED FURTHER RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................... 50

APPENDIX A: EQUIPMENT LIST ................................................................................................. 54

APPENDIX B: INCENTIVE PROGRAMS ...................................................................................... 56

APPENDIX C: UPCOMING EQUIPMENT PHASEOUTS .............................................................. 60

APPENDIX D: THIRD PARTY ENERGY SUPPLIERS .................................................................. 62

APPENDIX E: GLOSSARY AND METHOD OF CALCULATIONS ................................................ 69

APPENDIX F: STATEMENT OF ENERGY PERFORMANCE FROM ENERGY STAR® ............... 84

APPENDIX G: ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES ............................................................. 85

APPENDIX H: LIGHTING WORKSHEET ...................................................................................... 86

APPENDIX I: METHOD OF ANALYSIS ........................................................................................ 87


EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Homefront campus consists of three buildings located on a large property in Ewing Township, NJ. The three buildings, originally owned by the US Navy, have been unoccupied for approximately two years and Homefront is scheduled to begin renovations in the near future. The storage shed and auto-maintenance shed are 6,000 ft2 and 3,280 ft2, respectively. The main building, built in 1950, is a 42,140 ft2 bunker-like building with three levels, one of which is partially below-grade. The main building went through a major renovation in 1999 which included the replacement of the chiller, boiler, exhaust, and domestic hot water equipment. The equipment installed during this renovation appears to be in good condition, though functionality of equipment could not be determined because there was no power to the units. There is currently one (1) 50-ton chiller, two (2) 359 MMBTU boilers, two (2) electric domestic hot water heaters, and one (1) rooftop packaged DX unit. The auto shed contains two (2) gas fired heating and ventilating units while the storage shed has no mechanical equipment. Because the building will be a complete gut rehab, SWA’s focus will be to recommend the most energy efficient and cost effective equipment available that will suit the design intent. SWA will also include a description of available incentives and the necessary equipment ratings. The facility has been unoccupied for the past two years, no utility data is available for analysis. Homefront has provided SWA with utility bills from a similar, nearby facility currently used by Homefront in order to estimate the electric rates needed for saving calculations. Homefront indicated that the new facility will be used in similar fashion with the comparable hours of operation and occupancy profiles as the facility which they currently occupy. SWA employed the utility data submitted by Homefront to estimate the payback amount for each measure. SWA could not produce a utility analysis or Statement of Energy Performance (SEP) because one full year of utility data was not available for the project. However, SWA has created a portfolio manager account for the property. Homefront is encouraged to keep up-to-date consumption records of the property to track performance and consumption. Recommendations Based on the current state of the building, SWA recommends implementing the following Energy Conservation Measures:

Recommended ECMs Incentive Program

(APPENDIX G for details)

High Efficiency Ductless-Split Units Smart Start

Install Indoor LED Light Fixtures Smart Start

High Efficiency Rooftop Unit Smart Start

Replace Outdoor 250-watt Lamps with LED Smart Start

Install Guest Room Occupancy Controls Smart Start

High Efficiency PTAC Units Smart Start

Upgrade Heating and Domestic Hot Water System Smart Start

Install Rooftop Gas Absorption Chiller Smart Start

Install T-12 to T-8 Retrofit Kits and LED Exit Signs N/A

Appendix H contains an Energy Conservation Measures table


Proposed Further Recommendations include descriptions of control strategies and equipment that an energy savings is not applicable. This includes recommended control strategies, water efficient fixtures, and best practice guidelines for the building including:

BMS System Heating Hot Water

Lighting

Potable Water

Vending Machines

White Roof

Commissioning

In addition to these ECMs, SWA recommends the following Operation and Maintenance (O&M) measures that would contribute to reducing energy usage at low or no cost.

Replace filters on AHUs

Clean fins on air cooled condenser section for the Roof Top Units Install water-efficient fixtures and controls

Inspect and replace cracked/ineffective caulk.

Inspect and maintain sealants at all windows for airtight performance.

Inspect and maintain weather-stripping around all exterior doors and roof hatches.

Purchase Energy Star® appliances when new purchases are made

Use smart electric power strips

Create an energy educational program

There may be energy procurement opportunities for Homefront to reduce annual utility costs. Homefront’s similar, nearby building pays a competitive utility rate for electric and gas, but may be able to further reduce utility costs. SWA recommends further evaluation with energy suppliers, listed in Appendix D.


Energy Conservation Measures

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1High Efficiency Ductless Split

Unit$650 $414 $236 800 0.0 0 0.1 $0 $112 15 $1,680 2.1 613% 41% 47% $981 1,433

2 Install 2x2 LED Panels $30,947 $13,037 $17,910 55,124 15.1 0 4.5 $439 $8,156 20 $163,127 2.2 811% 41% 46% $93,875 98,700

3 High EfficiencyRooftop Unit $3,609 $1,580 $2,029 3,819 0.0 0 0.3 $0 $535 15 $8,019 3.8 295% 20% 25% $3,807 6,837

4 Install Exterior LED Lamps $12,325 $4,250 $8,075 12,936 5.0 0 1.0 $145 $1,956 20 $39,120 4.1 384% 19% 24% $18,849 23,161

5 Guest Room Occupancy Sensors $8,856 $2,700 $6,156 6,001 0.0 0 0.5 $0 $840 15 $12,602 7.3 105% 7% 10% $3,106 10,744

6 High Efficiency PTAC Units $4,064 $1,462 $2,602 2,456 0.0 0 0.2 $0 $344 15 $5,159 7.6 98% 7% 10% $1,192 4,398

7a Heating System Upgrade $32,412 $875 $31,537 0 0.0 2,114 5.0 $0 $2,177 20 $43,545 14.5 38% 2% 3% -$868 23,301

7bInstall Rooftop Gas Absorption

Chiller$162,744 $2,940 $159,804 167,113 0.0 -10,880 -12.3 $0 $12,189 25 $304,735 13.1 91% 4% 6% $40,942 179,285

8 Install T-8 lamps in Storage Shed $1,092 $0 $1,092 211 0.4 0 0.0 $0 $30 25 $739 36.9 -32% -1% -3% -$583 378

$256,049 $26,844 $229,440 248,460 20.5 -8,766 -0.7 $584 $26,339 $578,725 8.7 152% 10% $160,320 348,238Total


INTRODUCTION Launched in 2008, the Local Government Energy Audit (LGEA) Program provides subsidized energy audits for municipal and local government-owned facilities, including offices, courtrooms, town halls, police and fire stations, sanitation buildings, transportation structures, schools and community centers. The Program will subsidize up to 100% of the cost of the audit. The Board of Public Utilities (BPUs) Office of Clean Energy has assigned TRC Energy Services to administer the Program. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. (SWA) is a 40-year-old architectural/engineering research and consulting firm, with specialized expertise in green technologies and procedures that improve the safety, performance, and cost effectiveness of buildings. SWA has a long-standing commitment to creating energy-efficient, cost-saving and resource-conserving buildings. As consultants on the built environment, SWA works closely with architects, developers, builders, and local, state, and federal agencies to develop and apply sustainable, ‘whole building’ strategies in a wide variety of building types: commercial, residential, educational and institutional. SWA performed an energy audit and assessment for Homefront’s newly purchased facility located at 361 Scotch Road in Ewing Township, NJ. The process of the audit included a facility site visit on January 31st 2014. Because the building will be a complete gut rehab, SWA’s focus will be to recommend the most energy efficient and cost effective equipment available that will suit the design intent. SWA will also include a description of available incentives and the necessary equipment ratings. The goal of this Local Government Energy Audit is to provide sufficient information to Homefront to make decisions regarding the implementation of the most appropriate and most cost-effective energy conservation measures. This will include a determination of whether the existing mechanical equipment may be reused or should be replaced. This report includes a utility cost analysis, a description of the current facility, including future plans for the space and equipment, a list of proposed energy conservation measures, and proposed further recommendations. The proposed energy conservation measure section will break down the cost and savings of installing high efficiency equipment and controls versus installing standard efficiency equipment. The simple payback for these measures will be based on the price premium for high efficiency equipment. The proposed further recommendation sections will include descriptions of control strategies and equipment that an energy savings is not applicable. This will include recommended control strategies, water efficient fixtures, and best practice guidelines.


HISTORICAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION Energy usage, load profile and cost analysis The facility has been unoccupied for the past two years, no utility data is available for analysis. Homefront has provided SWA with utility bills from a similar, nearby facility currently used by Homefront in order to estimate the electric rates needed for saving calculations. Homefront indicated that the new facility will be used in similar fashion with the comparable hours of operation and occupancy profiles as the facility which they currently occupy. SWA employed the utility data submitted by Homefront to estimate the payback amount for each measure. Electric Homefront’s existing facility was delivered a total of 2,102,200 kWh in the 12 month period from January 2013 to December 2013. During this time there was a peak demand of 442 kW in August. Homefront paid a total of $295,461 for an average aggregated rate of $0.14 per kWh. Natural Gas Homefront’s existing facility was delivered a total of 17,520 therms of natural gas in the 12 month period from January 2013 to December 2013. Homefront paid a total of $17,993 at an average aggregated rate of $1.03. Fuel Oil The similar building was also delivered fuel oil, presumably used for space heating. The new building will be heated via natural gas; therefore, fuel oil cost is not necessary for this analysis. Energy Benchmarking SWA could not produce a Statement of Energy Performance (SEP) because one full year of utility data was not available for the project. However, SWA has created a portfolio manager account for the property. Homefront is encouraged to keep up-to-date consumption records of the property to track performance and consumption.

The account can be accessed by going to http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm, selecting

“Login to Portfolio Manager,” and entering the following logon criteria:

http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm


Energy Procurement Strategies Utility analysis was conducted using an average aggregated rate which is estimated based on the total cost divided by the total energy usage for each utility over a 12 month period. Average aggregated rates do not separate demand charges from usage, and instead provide a metric of inclusive cost per unit of energy. Average aggregated rates are used in order to equitably compare building utility rates to average utility rates throughout the state of New Jersey. The average estimated NJ commercial utility rates for electric are $0.137/kWh, while the facility pays a rate of $0.14/kWh. The similar facility pays very near this average utility rate. It is unknown whether Homefront utilizes an energy supply company (ESCO). It is recommended that Homefront contact these ESCOs in order to find the lowest negotiated utility rates for their properties. The average estimated NJ commercial utility rates for gas are $0.811/therm. Homefront paid $1.03, slightly higher than the NJ average. Homefront may benefit from contacting different ESCOs in order to find the lowest negotiated utility rates for their properties. Preceding the expiration of any third-party supplier contract, SWA recommends that the building further explore opportunities of purchasing electricity and natural gas from other third-party suppliers in order to reduce rate fluctuation and ultimately reduce the annual cost of energy for Homefront. Appendix F contains a complete list of third-party energy suppliers for NJ.


EXISTING FACILITY AND SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION (MAIN BUILDING) This section gives an overview of the current state of the facility and systems. Please refer to the Proposed Energy Conservation Measures section for recommendations for improvement. Based on a visit from SWA in January 2014, the following data was collected and analyzed.

Building Characteristics The facility is a three story, 42,140 ft2 armory building, originally constructed in the 1950’s. The building is constructed of 10-inch reinforced concrete with few windows. The building underwent substantial upgrades, specifically to the HVAC system, in 1999. The building has been unoccupied for almost two years. The building will be undergoing a complete gut rehab which will alter the envelope, façade, interior, HVAC, and usage type of the building. Windows will be added throughout the buildings and a new main entryway will be created. The top floor of the building will include thirty (30) bedrooms, office areas, and a laundry room. The ground floor will include a day care facility, community room, conference rooms, offices. The basement, or “garden level” will include class rooms, conference rooms, offices, and six additional bedrooms.

Image 1: Rear entrance Image 2: Proposed main entrance

Building Occupancy Profiles The building has been completely unoccupied for the past two years. However, after renovation, the building will closely match the occupancy profiles of Homefront’s existing housing facilities. The occupancy of living quarters will be 24/7. While the occupancy rate will vary, it is expected to hover near 90% occupancy throughout the year. Each of the 36 bedrooms can hold a maximum of three people. At 90% occupancy, this would give a total of 97 full-time occupants of the building, not including additional security and maintenance personnel and other workers of the building. During 9 a.m. – 3 p.m. Monday – Friday, it is expected that the resident population will reduce to 50% occupancy, or 54 residents. Non-living areas, such as classrooms and offices, are estimated to operate between 9 a.m. and 7 p.m. Monday – Friday. It is expected, during these hours, that the occupancy of non-residents will be 150. During overnights and weekends, non-resident occupancy will be approximately 7 people.


Building Envelope The building envelope consists of 10-inch reinforced concrete with a painted layer of high density foam providing minimal insulation. Because the building was not being heated at the time of the audit walkthrough, infrared imagery could not be taken. A temperature gradient is necessary for proper infrared imagery.

General Note: All findings and recommendations on the exterior envelope (base, walls, roofs, doors and windows) are based on the energy auditors’ experience and expertise on detailed visual analysis, as far as accessibility and weather conditions allowed at the time of the field audit.

Exterior and Interior Walls The building is constructed of 10-inch concrete with a layer of painted high density foam board providing minimal insulation. Homefront’s plan is to cut wall penetrations throughout the facility in order to install new windows and packaged terminal air conditioning (PTAC) units. The proposed windows will be of the double pane and low-e variety. Homefront also plans on replacing the current high-density foam with R-17 foam insulation and covering with a stone façade in addition to interior fiberglass insulation and sheetrock. The proposed assembly will have a total R-Value of 30; this is well above the ASHRAE 90.1-2010 minimum of 11.4. Exterior and interior wall surfaces were inspected during the field audit. They were found to be in overall fair condition with no signs of uncontrolled moisture, air-leakage or other energy-compromising issues detected on all facades. Areas of leakage through doors are addressed in the following sections.

Image 3: Interior concrete masonry units Image 4: West face of building


Roof The buildings rooftop is a large ballasted flat roof containing the exhaust fans and a roof top unit (RTU). It is unknown when the roof was last redone and, because of the ballasting on the roof, it is unclear what the current condition of the roof is. No areas of potential leaks were seen during the walkthrough and no leaks were noted by the contractor. The insulation value of the roof is unknown; based on the year of construction, the estimated insulation of the roof deck is approximately R-17. The contractor has included in his budget the replacement the roofing material and insulation with a white roof with a minimum of three inches of insulation. However; he has also noted that this work may be postponed if the roof is deemed sufficient. ASHRAE 90.1-2010 recommends a minimum insulation of R-20 continuous insulation, though a high efficiency building may have insulation values of R-60. If the insulation is found to be below R-20, Homefront should consider replacing it.

Image 5: Ballasted roof Image 6: RTU on roof

Base The building’s base is composed of a concrete-slab floor, with the lower level being partially below grade.

The building’s base and its perimeter were inspected for signs of uncontrolled moisture or water presence and other energy-compromising issues. Overall the base was reported to be in fair condition with a few signs of uncontrolled moisture, air-leakage and/ or other energy-compromising issues neither visible on the interior nor exterior.

Windows The building currently has windows only on the ground level of the facility. These windows consist of approximately 2’ x 2’ operable windows. The top floor and basement level of the building contain no windows. As previously noted, the contractor intends on adding large 4’ x 5’ windows with 14” operable hoppers throughout the space. These windows will be double pane with low-e coating. SWA recommends considering windows with insulated frames in order to minimize heat transfer from the outside.


Image 7: Window sealing Image 8: Exterior windows

Exterior doors The south and east building entry doors consist of aluminum framed, glass doors, which were in good condition. With new weatherstripping these doors may be reused without detriment to building efficiency. Areas of significant air leakage were found in the rear entry doors and the boiler room exterior doors. These doors may need significant adjustments made to the alignment and weatherstripping in order to properly seal the building.

Image 9: Main entryway Image 10: Rear entrance with gap

Building air-tightness While there are some areas of infiltration, such as the boarded up windows and poorly sealed rear door, it is likely that these will be rectified during the remodel. If any exhaust fans, RTUs, or drains on the roof are to be demolished or abandoned during the course of the renovation, all penetrations should be insulated and sealed to prevent unconditioned air from entering the building.


Mechanical Systems

Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning The building went through a major HVAC renovation in 1999, replacing the chiller, boiler, exhaust, and domestic hot water equipment. The equipment installed during this renovation appears to be in good condition. Functionality of equipment could not be determined because there was no power to the units, though the equipment seemed to be well-maintained. Equipment

Heating Systems

Space heating for the building is provided by two 359 MBH gas-fired hot water boilers rated at 79% efficiency. Hot water is distributed to hot water coils in the ductwork and perimeter baseboard heaters. Control documentation and strategies for these boilers is not known. SWA believes that an optimal strategy may be to leave these boilers in place, if they are still functional, install an additional condensing boiler, and use these to produce both heating hot water (HHW) and domestic hot water (DHW). This will provide 150% redundancy as well as reduced installed cost. Please see the ‘proposed energy conservation measures’ section for explanation of the proposed operation strategy. The recommended control strategy for the heating hot water system is to use several space temperature sensors located throughout the facility. Sensors should be distributed throughout the building - making sure to include sensors on the north and south faces of the building, where varying solar loads will greatly affect the space temperature. These temperatures will be averaged and the boilers will be disabled when the space temperature is deemed sufficient. When space temperature drops below setpoint, the boilers will run. Because there are two largely different space usage types in the facility - commercial and residential – Homefront should separate the perimeter baseboard heating system into two zones, one for residential on for office areas. This will allow the space temperature to be reduced in the unoccupied areas during overnight hours while maintaining appropriate temperatures in the bedrooms. Heating coils in the ductwork are to be replaced. The coils currently do not include any shutoff valves to limit flow when supply air temperature is satisfied. Newly installed heating coils should include valves so that supply air will not be overheated. Heating hot water from the boilers will also be delivered to the proposed PTAC units located in the bedrooms during heating season. These PTAC units will also be used for cooling. PTAC unit recommendations will be discussed later in the report.


Image 11: Heating Boilers Image 12: Baseboard heater

Cooling Systems

Cooling is provided via a 50-ton modular air-cooled chiller supplying chilled water to one 19,400 CFM air handling unit. The chiller is a Trane chiller with the condensing unit located outside of the mechanical room where the compressors are located, and uses R-22 refrigerant. The chiller has a total energy efficiency rating (EER) of 9.9; kW/ton = 1.21. This is deemed an acceptable efficiency for a chiller of its size. The air handling unit (AHU) consists of a 20 HP supply fan rated at 92% efficiency which distribute are via a central duct system. The return fan is 5 HP, though the efficiency of the motor could not be determined. Homefront wishes to reuse the air-cooled chiller if it is functional; SWA believes that the chiller is of sufficient efficiency and condition to be left in place. ASHRAE 90.1-2010 mandates a minimum EER of 9.6, though chillers of this type and size may reach EER values of up to 10.9. After analysis, the minimal gain in efficiency does not alone outweigh the cost of replacing the chiller. Additionally, the R-22 refrigerant that the chiller uses is to be phased out by 2020 and will no longer be available. The chiller will have to be converted to use a different refrigerant type. Conversion retrofits vary by chiller and may require replacement of components. Although the chiller and other mechanical equipment appear to be in good condition, after sitting for two years the internal mechanics may have degraded, causing the equipment to no longer function as intended. It is Homefront’s plan to install PTAC unit’s in each of the upper floor apartments, cutting through the 10-inch thick concrete exterior wall for each unit. SWA believes it may be less costly to install induction units, served by chilled water, in each of these units along with a rooftop AHU to supply the minimum outside air requirement. This will reduce the amount of exterior wall cutting to a small ductwork penetration through the roof. This will, however, require expanding of the chilled water system, a decision which may be influenced by the functionality of the existing chiller and boilers. SWA is proposing a gas absorption rooftop chiller in place of the existing electric chiller, which will also produce HHW and DHW; natural gas is significantly cheaper per BTU than electricity. See the “proposed energy conservation measures” section for more details. Homefront has expressed desire to replace the current AHU and ductwork system with a variable air volume (VAV) system due to the large changes that are to be made to the


space. A VAV system with direct digital controls (DDC) will provide much more efficient operations throughout the life of the system. Unfortunately, the currently installed 20HP and 5 HP motors will not be able to be reused in the new AHU because they are not rated for variable frequency drive (VFD) use. These motors could reasonably be reused in another application where constant volume application is needed (such as a central exhaust system) in order to reduce costs. The new AHU system should include 100% outside air economizer capabilities, which, when conditions are appropriate, allows outside air to be used to condition the space instead of mechanical cooling, greatly reducing cooling energy use. Additionally, Homefront should consider employing static pressure reset capabilities in the control scheme in order to further reduce energy use by the supply fans. A static pressure reset will vary fan speed and pressure in the duct as a function of VAV box position and space temperature readings. A description of these control strategies are located in the Further Recommendations section.

Image 13: Chiller compressors Image 14: Chiller condenser

There is also a 5-ton roof top unit (RTU) which serves areas of the top floor. This unit was found to have an installed EER of 9.6, however, has likely de-rated as much as 10%, to 8.64, over the course of its lifetime. Homefront is planning on replacing this RTU with a new 20-ton RTU to condition the top floor’s common areas. Controls There is currently no central building management system (BMS) installed. SWA recommends installing a BMS system which can operate and monitor mechanical equipment to be used including the Boilers, Chiller, Roof Top Unit (RTU), Exhaust fans, and PTAC units. A more detailed recommendation is described in the ‘proposed further recommendations’ section.


Domestic Hot Water Domestic hot water for the facility is currently provided by two electric hot water heaters. One hot water heater is 119 gallon capacity while the other is 50 gallons. Because the building will be changing to a residential usage type, there will likely be higher domestic hot water capacity requirements and, therefore, the DHW system will need to be increased or replaced. Electric hot water heaters may be replaced with gas-fired heaters to benefit from a lower cost per BTU for natural gas. In the recommendations section of this report SWA has outlined an optimal strategy for producing both heating hot water and domestic hot water with the same equipment at a low up-front cost and high efficiency. SWA believes that this will provide Homefront with an efficient alternative to the current system.

IImage 15: Electric DHW heater

Electrical systems

Lighting Interior lighting – Lighting throughout the building consisted of a mix of T-8 and T-12 linear fluorescent lighting. Many of the buildings areas were upgraded to T-8 lighting during the 1999 retrofit; however, many still remain T-12. Linear fluorescent fixtures were a mix of 4-ft. ceiling hung 2-lamp fixtures and 4-ft. recessed 2-lamp and 4-lamp fixtures. In addition to the linear fluorescent lamps, there existed compact fluorescent U-tube fixtures as well as incandescent fixtures in the mechanical rooms. All lighting fixtures in the building will be replaced as part of the fit-out.

Image 16: Ceiling hung T-12 Lamps Image 17: CFL U-tube fixtures

Exit Lights – Exit signs were of the incandescent variety. All exit signs should be replaced with LED fixtures. Exterior Lighting – There are nine (9) exterior lights mounted on top of the building. According to drawings supplied by Homefront these are 1000-watt lamps.


Additionally, there were eighteen (18) pole mounted parking lot lights. These are likely to be 350-watt Metal Halide lamps. These may be replaced with LED parking lot lamps in order to reduce energy demand. Incentives are available for this replacement.

Image 18: Exterior Metal-Halide Lights

Other electrical systems There exists one large freight elevator in the space, the functionality of which is unknown. The elevator motor and control equipment was found to be out of date and may require replacing. No other electrical systems are currently in place; however, Homefront will be installing cooking equipment on the main level.


EXISTING FACILITY AND SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION (STORAGE SHED) This section gives an overview of the current state of the facility and systems. Please refer to the Proposed Energy Conservation Measures section for recommendations for improvement. Based on a visit from SWA in January 2014, the following data was collected and analyzed.

Building Characteristics The storage shed is a one story, 6,000 sq. ft. warehouse-type structure with 8 manually-operated garage doors. There is no HVAC system serving the building. The only electric equipment in the building are several ceiling-hung linear fluorescent fixtures and outdoor lights mounted on the roof. The space is unoccupied. Homefront has no current plans for the building but is considering using the storage space as a diaper bank.

Image 19: Storage shed Image 20: Roll up doors

Building Envelope The building consists of a corrugate metal exterior around a steel frame, set atop a concrete slab. Due to the lack of space conditioning equipment, there is no insulation in the building. If any HVAC equipment were to be added, insulation should be added to the walls and ceiling of the building.


Exterior and Interior Walls There were several areas of infiltration found in the exterior of the structure. Penetrations were found near the bottom of the structure, where the walls met the floor and surrounding penetrations for electrical wires. If the structure is to be used as a diaper depot, these holes should be filled in order to prevent mice or other animals from contaminating the stored goods.


Image 21: Interior frame and structure Image 22: Rear of building

Roof The rooftop is a low-slope corrugated-metal roof. The roof appears to be in good condition with no leaks evident. If Homefront were to consider installing solar PV equipment, but did not wish to install the modules on the roof of the main building, they may be installed on the roof of the storage shed, as there is adequate space and little tree covering.

Image 23: Roof

Base The building’s base is composed of a slab-on-grade floor, with no lower below grade levels.

The building’s base and its perimeter were inspected for signs of uncontrolled moisture or water presence and other energy-compromising issues. As mentioned before, there were holes discovered at the junction of the walls and floor. These should be corrected before storage shed is put in use.


Image 24: Holes near floor Image 25: Exterior doors

Windows There are no windows in the structure. Exterior doors The building has two entry doors, one rear and one side, consisting of aluminum doors, which were in good condition. The weatherstripping on the bottom of the doors should be replaced to prevent infiltration of outside air. In addition to the entry doors, there are eight (8) un-insulated manual garage doors. The doors were found to have poor weatherstripping along the bottom, leaving a gap between the base and door. Weatherstripping should be upgraded before the shed is put into use to prevent air infiltration and animals from entering the shed.


Mechanical Systems

No mechanical equipment currently exists in the storage shed.

Electrical systems

Lighting Interior lighting – Lighting in the storage shed consists of fourteen (14) ceiling hung, 4-ft, 2 lamp T-12 fixtures. These lights were operated by manual switches with no occupancy sensors.

Image 26: Ceiling hung T-12 Lamps Image 27: Outdoor lamps

Exit Lights – Exit signs were of the incandescent variety. The two (2) existing exit signs should be replaced with LED fixtures. Exterior Lighting – There are four (4) exterior lights mounted on top of the building. These are likely to be 250-watt halogen lamps. Other electrical systems No other electrical systems are currently in place.


EXISTING FACILITY AND SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION (AUTO MAINTENANCE SHED) This section gives an overview of the current state of the facility and systems. Please refer to the Proposed Energy Conservation Measures section for recommendations for improvement. Based on a visit from SWA in January 2014, the following data was collected and analyzed.

Building Characteristics

The auto maintenance shed is a one story, 3,280 sq. ft. structure consisting of a small storage area and a larger 4-car maintenance area. The building has heating and exhaust equipment, automatic garage doors, and one restroom. Homefront has no current plans for the building but is considering reusing it in a similar form as an educational auto-mechanic shop.

Image 28: Auto maintenance shed Image 29: Interior shop area

Building Envelope The building envelope consists of concrete masonry units (CMU) with a flat, built-up roof with an unverified amount of insulation. There are four (4) automatic garage doors and three entry doors. One window in the building is operable and double-paned.


Exterior and Interior Walls Walls of the auto maintenance shed consist of concrete masonry units (CMU) with no insulation. The walls appeared to be in good condition with no cracking or areas of infiltration noted.


Image 30: Interior frame and structure Image 31: Side Exit

Roof The rooftop is a flat built-up roof. The roof could not be inspected due to limited access, however, no leaks were observed at the time of the walkthrough.

Image 5: Roof

Base The building’s base is composed of a slab-on-grade floor, with no lower below grade levels.

The building’s base and its perimeter were inspected for signs of uncontrolled moisture or water presence and other energy-compromising issues. No signs of uncontrolled infiltration were found with regards to the building base.

Windows There is one window in the small storage area consisting of four, double-pane panels. The two lower panels are operable hopper-type windows. One of the windows in the small storage area is boarded up and held in place with tape. This is allowing significant infiltration of air along with a thermal gap in the envelope. Before the auto shed is put into use, this window should be replaced.


Exterior doors The building has three aluminum entry doors, one front and two side doors, which were in good condition. The weatherstripping on the bottom of the doors was also found to be in good condition. In addition to the entry doors, there are four (4) un-insulated automatic garage doors with small windows. The doors were found to have poor weatherstripping along the bottom, leaving a gap between the floor and door. Weatherstripping should be upgraded before the shed is put into use to prevent air infiltration and animals from entering the garage.

Mechanical Systems

Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning The garage has two heating and ventilation (H&V) units as well as three exhaust fans, one of which serves automotive tailpipe attachments. There is also a compressed air distribution system in place, though the compressor was not available to be inspected by SWA. There is no cooling equipment in the auto maintenance shed. The domestic hot water boiler, if installed, was located in a locked area and was not available for inspection. Equipment

Heating Systems

Space heating for the auto garage is provided by two gas fired H&V units, one unit is rated at 200 kBTU output and 80% efficiency, the other is rated at 280 kBTU output and 80% efficiency. The H&V units are controlled by a thermostat in the space. Though more efficient options may exist, these units appeared to be in good condition and may be left in place if the space is to be occupied.

Image 11: H&V Unit Image 12: Tailpipe exhaust fan

Ventilation

Two exhaust fans (EFs) exist in the building, one EF is manually controlled and serves the restroom while the other serves the tailpipe exhaust system. The restroom exhaust fan is 1/80 HP and efficiency could not be verified; however, due to its small size and infrequent use, it may be left in place with little detriment to the building’s overall efficiency. The tailpipe EF is served by a 3HP elevated exhaust fan and the equipment platform level EF is a ¼ HP exhaust fan. The efficiencies of these EFs are unknown; however, due to the small size of each and infrequent use, these may remain in place without detriment to the overall building efficiency.


Electrical systems

Lighting Interior lighting – Lighting in the automotive garage consists of thirty-three (3) ceiling hung, 4-ft, 2 lamp T-8 fixtures. These lights were operated by manual switches with no occupancy sensors.

Image 16: Ceiling hung T-8 Lamps Image 17: Outdoor lamps

Exit Lights – Exit signs are of the incandescent variety. All exit signs should be replaced with LED fixtures. Exterior Lighting – There are eleven (11) exterior lights mounted on top of the building. Three (3) are estimated to be 350-400 watt metal halide lamps, while the remaining eight (8) are estimated to be 150-250 watt halogen lamps. It is unknown whether these operate on photocell or timer controls. Other electrical systems No other electrical systems are currently in place in the auto maintenance shed.


RENEWABLE AND DISTRIBUTED ENERGY MEASURES

Renewable energy is defined as any power source generated from sources which are naturally replenished, such as sunlight, wind and geothermal. Technology for renewable energy is improving and the cost of installation is decreasing due to both demand and the availability of government-sponsored funding. Renewable energy reduces the need for using either electricity or fossil fuel, therefore lowering costs by reducing the amount of energy purchased from the utility company. Solar photovoltaic panels and wind turbines use natural resources to generate electricity. Geothermal systems offset the thermal loads in a building by using water stored in the ground as either a heat sink or heat source. Cogeneration or Combined Heat and Power (CHP) allows for heat recovery during electricity generation. Existing systems

There is currently no existing renewable energy system installed at the facility, however, due to the large amount of roof space and no covering from trees, the facility is a good candidate for a solar photovoltaic installation.

Evaluated Systems Solar Photovoltaic Photovoltaic panels convert light energy received from the sun into a usable form of electricity. Panels can be connected into arrays and mounted directly onto building roofs, as well as installed onto built canopies over areas such as parking lots, building roofs or other open areas. Electricity generated from photovoltaic panels is generally sold back to the utility company through a net meter. Net-metering allows the utility to record the amount of electricity generated in order to pay credits to the consumer that can offset usage and demand costs on the electric bill. In addition to generation credits, there are incentives available called Solar Renewable Energy Certificates (SRECs) that are subsidized by the state government. Specifically, the New Jersey State government pays a market-rate SREC to facilities that generate electricity in an effort to meet state-wide renewable energy requirements. Homefront is a good candidate for solar photovoltaic (PV) panels due to its large unobstructed roof and lack of shading from nearby trees or buildings. SWA has conducted a Solar PV analysis using the Solar System Advisory Model (SAM), a program created by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). The Solar SAM program imports location data, utility data for the building’s specific utility provider and rate structure, federal and state tax structures, and incentives programs. The program then calculates a total cost reduction through direct electricity savings and through tax rebates and incentives, along with the cost of insurance and maintenance. The roof has approximately 11,500 sq. ft. of usable space, which will allow an array of up to approximately 140 kW. SWA has run two simulations, one using a 20 kW system and one with a 50 kW system. Homefront should investigate whether there are any zoning issues with installing a solar array within a proximity to airports before proceeding with the installation.


20 kW PV Array: Installing a 20 kW Solar PV array will cost approximately $79,436, after a 30% federal tax credit incentive. This will bring a Year 1 energy reduction of 22,347 kWh with an estimated cost savings of $3,903.64, not including the accelerated depreciation tax credit. Using an assumed degradation rate of the panel and utility cost increase, the system will have an estimated payback period of 14.25 years. If Solar Renewable Energy Credit (SREC) sales, described below, are taken into account, the PV system may achieve a payback of 7.5 Years. Over 25 years, the panels may provide a cashflow of up to $149,114 dollars including installation cost. 50 kW PV Array: Installing a 50 kW Solar PV array will cost approximately $198,590, after a 30% federal tax credit incentive and will bring a Year 1 energy reduction of 56,192 kWh with an estimated cost savings of $9,675.99, not including the accelerated depreciation tax credit. Using an assumed degradation rate of the panel and utility cost increase, the system will have an estimated payback period of 14.31 years. If Solar Renewable Energy Credit (SREC) sales, described below, are taken into account, the PV system may achieve a payback of 7.45 Years. Over 25 years, the panels may provide a cashflow of up to $373,686 dollars including installation cost. Solar Renewable Energy Credit Program New Jersey is one of several states which allow for the sale and trade of Solar Renewable Energy Credits, called SCREC. Solar Renewable Energy Credits (SRECs) represent all the clean energy benefits of electricity generated from a solar energy system. SRECs can be sold or traded separately from the power, providing owners a source of revenue to help offset the cost of installation. All solar project owners in New Jersey with electric distribution grid-connected systems are eligible to generate SRECs for the first 15 years after the system’s installation. Each time a system generates 1,000 kWh of electricity an SREC is earned and placed in the customer's account on the web-based SREC tracking system. The trading price of SREC’s in December of 2013 was $176.45 per SREC. By registering for the SREC program, Homefront would be able to take advantage of the sale of SRECs produced by their PV system in addition to the direct benefit of a reduced electricity purchase from the grid. Trading at its current rate, the SRECs produced by a 20kW system would be worth $3,882 in the first year of production. The SRECs produced by a 50kW system would be worth $9,881 in the first year of production. Selling SRECs have the ability to dramatically reduce the payback of a solar PV system and provide an income stream even after the system is paid off.

For the most up to date information on how to participate in this program, go to: http://www.njcleanenergy.com/renewable-energy/home/home. Solar Thermal Collectors Solar thermal collectors are not cost-effective for this building and would not be recommended due to the insufficient and intermittent use of domestic hot water throughout the building to justify the expenditure.

http://www.njcleanenergy.com/renewable-energy/home/home


Wind Homefront is not a good candidate for wind power generation due to insufficient wind conditions in this area of New Jersey. Geothermal Homefront is not a good candidate for geothermal installation since it would require replacement of the entire existing HVAC system, as well as extensive installation of geothermal wells and pumping equipment.

Combined Heat and Power SWA analyzed Homefront’s ability for combined heat and power (CHP) and determined that it was not a good candidate. The best CHP candidates have large hot water (domestic or heating) along with constant electricity demand. Homefront will have a very low electricity demand during weekend and overnight hours in the winter, therefore reducing the applicability of a combined heat and power system.


PROPOSED ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES

Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs) are recommendations determined for the building based on improvements over current building conditions. ECMs have been determined for the building based on installed cost, as well as energy and cost-savings opportunities. Recommendations: Energy Conservation Measures

# Energy Conservation Measures

ECM 1 High Efficiency Ductless-Split Units

ECM 2 Install Indoor LED Light Fixtures

ECM 3 High Efficiency Rooftop Unit

ECM 4 Replace Outdoor 250-watt Lamps with LED

ECM 5 Install Guest Room Occupancy Controls

ECM 6 High Efficiency PTAC Units

ECM 7a Upgrade Heating and Domestic Hot Water System

ECM 7b Install Rooftop Gas Absorption Chiller

ECM 8 Install T-12 to T-8 Retrofit Kits and LED Exit Signs

In order to clearly present the overall energy opportunities for the building and ease the decision of which ECM to implement, SWA calculated each ECM independently and did not incorporate slight/potential overlaps between some of the listed ECMs (i.e. lighting change influence on heating/cooling. Because this project will be a new construction fit-out, the “estimated costs” shown are the cost premium over the baseline equipment. For example, the cost premium of installing a high-efficiency PTAC versus a standard-efficiency PTAC would be the material cost of the high-efficiency minus the material cost of standard-efficiency. There would be no additional labor cost because the high efficiency equipment does not require additional installation time. For equipment with additional labor, installation and/or demolition, the costs were accounted for. Any applicable incentives further reduce the price premium of the high efficiency equipment. Ex:

High-efficiency PTAC = $1,500 - Standard-Efficiency PTAC = $1,250

Cost Premium = $250


ECM #1: High Efficiency Ductless-Split Units It is Homefront’s intent to install 9,000 BTU ductless-split dx air conditioning units in each of the six basement floor residential rooms. ASHRAE 90.1-2010 mandates that unit efficiencies must have a minimum seasonal energy efficiency ratio (SEER) of 13; however, more efficient equipment is available. This higher efficiency equipment may also qualify for incentives from NJ Smartstart.

High efficiency ductless split units of this cooling capacity have SEERs of 16, are widely available, and do not command much of a price premium over low efficiency models. By using higher efficiency cooling equipment, Homefront will reduce space cooling costs in the residences.

This calculation assumes a 15% price premium over the ASHRAE 90.1-2010 baseline.

Estimated cost: Standard material - $721 each High-Efficiency material - $830 each Estimated cost premium (before incentive): $650 for 6 units Estimated cost premium (after incentive): $236 for 6 units Source of cost estimate: RS Means for baseline cost; 15% premium for high efficiency unit. Economics:

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Unit$236 800 0.0 0 0.1 $0 $112 15 $1,680 2.1 613% 41% 47% $981 1,433


Assumptions:

Bin data analysis was used to determine the hours of operation and capacity at each condition. See Appendix E.

Rebates/financial incentives: NJ Clean Energy – SmartStart: Homefront may attain $92/ton/unit for achieving the required minimum SEER of 14.0, resulting in a total incentive amount of $414

Please see APPENDIX G for more information on Incentive Programs.

Cooling Activation Temp 60 °F

Peak Capacity Temperature 85 °F

Peak Cooling Capacity 100% %

Minimum Capacity Temperature 60 °F

Minimum Cooling Capacity 30% %

Electric Conversion 3,412 Btu/kWh

Cost of Electric $0.14 $/kWh

Inputs (Cooling)

Condition Unit # of Units Cooling Capacity (Tons/Unit) Cooling Efficiency (EER)

Baseline Standard Efficiency Unit 6 0.75 10.56

Proposed High Efficiency Unit 6 0.75 12.00

Ductless Split Unit Specifications

Equations

Elec Consumption =(12 / EER) x (Cooling Capacity %) x (Diversity Factor %) x (# of Units) x (Ductless Unit Capacity) x (Hours)

Annual Savings = [Electric Savings] x [Electric Rate]

Simple Payback = [Annual Savings] / [Est. Costs for Implementation]

** Diversity Factor (%) is a combination of Occupnacy Patterns and OA Conditions


ECM #2: Install LED light fixtures Homefront will be replacing all currently installed lighting in the facility with new fixtures. It is their current intent to install T5 fluorescent fixtures. It is assumed that these fixtures will consist of two, 4 ft. 28-watt T5 lamps, with total fixture wattage of 64-watts (including ballast). SWA believes that Homefront should investigate LED options, as they become cost competitive when a new fit-out is being planned. The best available option is the 2x2 LED panel, which is low wattage and cost competitive with fluorescent. LED Panel: An LED panel fixture is an all-in-one fixture which contains the fixture/frame, LED driver, and LED lamp. These can operate more efficiently and with better light dispersion and quality than a linear LED retrofit due to the manufacturer’s ability to control the lens and diode distribution. One LED panel manufacturer that SWA has worked with in the past is RAB lighting, who produces a 2’x2’ 41-watt LED panel with an L70 lifespan of 100,000 hours. The L70 lifespan determines after how many hours the LED lamp will be at 70% its initial brightness, as LEDs do not burn out like traditional fixtures. Assuming the lamps will be running for 10 hours per day, the LED panels will be able to last for 27 years before reaching their L70 lifespan. RAB provides a 5-year warranty on all of its LED products. A 41-watt 2’x2’ panel has the ability to directly replace a traditional T-8 or T-5 fixture in many retrofit scenarios, and can be easily incorporated into the design in a new fit-out. Typically a 2x2 LED panel can be a 1-for-1 replacement; however, a lighting study must be done in order to determine the total number of 2x2 LED panels necessary. Lighting manufacturers will typically offer this service free of charge. It is important to note that when the lights are eventually replaced, the internal components of the fixture must replaced. This is different from a traditional fixture where a new lamp is simply screwed in. Due to the declining price of LED products, the future cost of these replacements will likely be significantly less than the initial installation cost. Estimated cost: Standard material - $160 / fixture High-Efficiency material - $207 / fixture Estimated cost premium (before incentive): $30,947 for 658 fixtures Estimated cost premium (after incentive): $17,910 for 658 fixtures Source of cost estimate: RS Means; Published and established costs, RAB Lighting Economics:

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2 Install 2x2 LED Panels $17,910 55,124 15.1 0 4.5 $439 $8,156 20 $163,127 2.2 811% 41% 46% $93,875 98,700


Assumptions:

The 2007 edition of ASHRAE 90.1 is used as baseline for this calculation because incentive structure is based off of ASHRAE 90.7-2007 Rebates/financial incentives:

Lighting is eligible for performance based incentive from NJ SmartStart. SWA has calculated the potential to earn $13,037 from the installation of the 2x2 41-watt LED panels.

SWA believes that LED lamps will contribute greatly to achieving the Pay-for-Performance minimum 15% reduction.


Building Square Footage 42,140 1.0 w / sq. ft.

Total Operating Hours 3640 42,140 watts

Wattage per Fl. lamp 28 Watts 41 Watts

Wattage per Fl. fixture 64 Watts 658 Fixtures

Number of fixtures 658 Fixtures

Total kW 42.1 kW 27.0 kW

Annual kWh 153,390 98,265

Fixture cost

Fluorescent 2-lamp T-5 fixture (including

lamps)

$160.00 / fixture $207.00 / fixture

$30,947 Total

Electricity cost $0.14 /kWh

Electricity cost - fluorescent $21,475 / year $13,757 / year

$7,717 per year

Total operating hours = [10 Hrs / day] x [7 days / week] x [52 weeks / year]

Total lighting wattage =

Number of fixtures =

Annual kWh = [wattage of fixture] x [# of fixtures] x [total operating hours] / 1000

Electricity cost for fixture type = [$0.14 / kWh] x [annual kWh for fixture type]

Cost savings per year = [Electricity cost - fluorescent] - [electricity cost linear LED/LED panel]

Cost premium = {[linear LED/LED panel cost] x [# of fixtures]} - {[fluorescent T5 fixture cost] x [# of fixtures]}

Estimated Operating cost = {($1 / lamp) x (2 lamps per fixture )x (658 fixtures)} / 3 years lifespan

Assumptions

Fluorescent (T-5)

[ASHRAE 90.1-2007 Lighting Density] x [building square footage]

[total lighting wattage] / [wattage per typical T5 fixture]

Equations

Number of fixtures assumes 2 lamp, 4 foot T-5 fixtures with electronic ballast

LED Panel (2 x 2)

Wattage per LED Panel

Number of fixtures

Total kW

Annual kWh

LED Panel consists of a 2' x 4' 44-watt panel

LED 4x2 panel

(cost of RAB lighting LED fixture)

Cost premium

Electricity cost LED panel

Cost Savings per year

ASHRAE 90.1-2007 Lighting Density

(Dormitory and Office)

Total lighting Wattage


ECM #3: High Efficiency Rooftop Unit It is Homefront’s intent to install a 20 ton rooftop unit (RTU) to serve the 3rd floor common area. ASHRAE 90.1-2010 mandates that unit efficiencies must have a minimum energy efficiency ratio (SEER) of 9.5; however, more efficient equipment is available. This higher efficiency equipment may also qualify for incentives from NJ Smartstart.

High efficiency rooftop units of this cooling capacity have EERs of 12.6, are widely available, and do not command much of a price premium over low efficiency models. By using higher efficiency cooling equipment, Homefront will reduce space cooling costs in the residences.

This calculation assumed a 15% price premium over the ASHRAE 90.1-2010 baseline.

Estimated cost: Standard material - $24,058 High-Efficiency material - $27,667 Estimated cost premium (before incentive): $3,609 Estimated cost premium (after incentive): $2,029 Source of cost estimate: RS Means for baseline cost; 15% premium for high efficiency unit. Economics:

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3 High EfficiencyRooftop Unit $2,029 3,819 0.0 0 0.3 $0 $535 15 $8,019 3.8 295% 20% 25% $3,807 6,837


Assumptions:


Rebates/financial incentives: NJ Clean Energy – SmartStart: Homefront may attain $79/ton/unit for achieving the required minimum EER of 11.5, resulting in a total incentive amount of $1,580 Please see APPENDIX G for more information on Incentive Programs.








Inputs (Cooling)


Baseline Standard Efficiency Unit 1 20 10.0

Proposed High Efficiency Unit 1 20 12.6

Rooftop Unit Specifications

Equations

Elec Consumption = (12 / EER) x (Cooling Capacity %) x (Diversity Factor %) x (# of Units) x (RTU Capacity) x (Hours)





ECM #4: Replace Outdoor 250-watt Lamps with LED

The facility currently has thirty one (31), 250-watt exterior lamps, nineteen pole-mounted and twelve wall-mounted. These lamps, assumed to be metal halide, have an average lifespan of approximately 10,000 hours and have light outputs around 20,000 lumens. These lamps may be replaced with 79-watt LED area lights. LED area lights have longer lifespans, with L70 lifespans rated at 100,000 hours. Estimating that the LED fixture will be installed for 20-years, based on 2,609 annual operating hours, six metal halide lamps must be installed before one LED must be replaced. The upfront cost for a metal halide is approximately $10.

RAB lighting, among other manufacturers, produces a 78-watt LED area light which is designed to replace a 250-watt metal halide area light that is mounted 15’-25’ above grade. LED area lamps have a lower overall lumen output than a metal halide lamp, however, due to the directionality of LEDs, and because there is no loss internal to the fixture and lens, they can be replaced one-for one. The estimated retail price of this fixture is $440. There are incentives available for LED light fixtures in New Jersey of $175 per pole mounted fixture and $100 per wall mounted fixture.

When installing outdoor fixtures, Homefront should install photocell sensor controls in order to control lights based on the actual light conditions. The usage of timers may not accurately account for changes in daylight season-to-season or for daylight savings times.

Estimated cost: Standard material - $15 / lamp High-Efficiency material - $440 / fixture Estimated cost premium (before incentive): $12,325 for 31 fixtures Estimated cost (after incentive): $8,075 Source of cost estimate: RAB lighting Economics:

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4 Install Exterior LED Lamps $8,075 12,936 5.0 0 1.0 $145 $1,956 20 $39,120 4.1 384% 19% 24% $18,849 23,161


Assumptions:

Rebates/financial incentives:

Lighting is eligible for equipment incentives from NJ SmartStart. SWA has calculated the potential to earn $4,525

SWA believes that LED lamps will contribute to achieving the Pay-for-Performance minimum 15% reduction.


Total Annual Operating Hours 2609

Annual operating hours based on photocell enabling of lamps

Wattage per Fl. lamp 250 Watts 79 Watts

Number of fixtures 29 Fixtures 29 Fixtures


Annual kWh 18,912 5,976

Fixture cost

250 Watt Lamp$15.00 / Lamp $440.00 / fixture

$12,325 Total

Available incentive $4,250

Cost after Incentive $8,075 Total


Electricity cost - 250-watt $2,648 / year $837 / year

$1,811 per year

Total annual operating hours = From daylight analysis assuming photocell sensors




Cost savings per year = [Electricity cost - 250-watt] - [electricity cost LED]

Cost premium = {[LED fixture cost] x [# of fixtures]} - {[250-watt lamp cost] x [# of fixtures]}

Estimated Operating Cost = {($15 per lamp) x (29 fixtures)} / 3 year lifespan

Cost premium

Annual kWh

Equations

Count from drawings - not including high wattage metal halide lamps

Electricity cost LED panel


Total kW

Wattage per LED Panel

Number of fixtures

LED Area Light

(cost of RAB lighting LED fixture)

Area Lamps 250-watt LED

Assumptions


ECM #5: Install Guest Room Occupancy Controls

For all intents and purposes, Homefront’s residential rooms will have similar occupancy profiles to a hotel or dorm. These profiles include large and sporadic amounts of unoccupied time; time that, without occupancy controls, an AC unit may be left on. The chance of AC units and lighting being left on during unoccupied times may be eliminated by installing guest room occupancy controls. Guest room occupancy controls consist of three main components – the thermostat, the occupancy sensor, and the door sensor. Upon opening the door, the occupancy sensor will scan for occupants. If the room is deemed occupied, it will send the thermostat into “occupied mode,” allowing the AC unit to be enabled. The room will remain in “occupied mode” until the door is opened again, this prevents the system from entering “unoccupied mode” at night if no occupancy is detected by the sensor. The next time the door is opened, a scan is done by the occupancy sensor. If no occupancy is detected, the thermostat is sent into “Unoccupied Mode” and the AC unit and other connected equipment (lighting) are put into the unoccupied setpoints selected by the building. For example, in unoccupied mode the room temperature may be allowed to fluctuate up to 10°F from occupied

setpoint and lights may by set to turn off. According to a study of guest room occupancy controls by the California Statewide Utility Codes and Standards Program, the installed cost of this system was approximately $246 per room, depending on manufacturer, and HVAC energy use was reduced by 12-25% per room. Occupancy controlled thermostats are eligible for up to a $75 / unit incentive from NJ SmartStart. Equipment maintenance includes battery replacement every 2 years. Homefront should investigate product offerings from: Inncom, U S Energy Solutions, Energy Eye, and others – see case study for full list of manufacturers. Estimated cost: Standard material - $0 (no occupancy control) Proposed material - $246 / room Estimated cost premium (before incentive): $8,856 for 36 rooms Estimated installed cost (after incentive): $6,156 for 36 rooms Source of cost estimate: Guest Room Occupancy Controls case study. The Guest Room Occupancy Controls case study can be found below: http://www.energy.ca.gov/title24/2013standards/prerulemaking/documents/current/Reports/Nonresidential/Lighting_Controls_Bldg_Power/2013_CASE_NR_Guest_Room_Occupancy_Controls_Oct_2011.pdf See appendix E for an overview of the case study and its findings.

http://www.energy.ca.gov/title24/2013standards/prerulemaking/documents/current/Reports/Nonresidential/Lighting_Controls_Bldg_Power/2013_CASE_NR_Guest_Room_Occupancy_Controls_Oct_2011.pdf




Economics:

Assumptions: SWA calculated the savings for this measure using measurements taken on the day of the field visit and using the billing analysis.



NJ Clean Energy – SmartStart –Occupancy Sensors ($75 per occupancy sensor) – Maximum incentive amount is $2,700


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PTAC Unit operation reduction 15 %

Inputs (Cooling)



PTAC Unit Specifications



Ductless Split Unit Specifications

Equations

Elec Consumption = (12 / EER) x (Cooling Capacity %) x (Diversity Factor %) x (# of Units) x (PTAC Capacity) x (Hours)





ECM #6: High Efficiency PTAC Units It is Homefront’s intent to install 9,000 BTU packaged terminal air conditioning equipment in each of the 3rd floor residential rooms. ASHRAE 90.1-2010 mandates that unit efficiencies must have a minimum energy efficiency ratio (EER) of 11.0; however, more efficient equipment is available. This higher efficiency equipment may also qualify for incentives from NJ Smartstart.

High efficiency PTACs of this cooling capacity have EERs of 11.4, are widely available, and do not command much of a price premium over low efficiency models. By using higher efficiency cooling equipment, Homefront will reduce space cooling costs in the residences.

This calculation assumed a 15% price premium over the baseline.

Estimated cost: Standard material - $903 / unit High-Efficiency material - $1,039 / unit Estimated cost premium (before incentive): $4,064 for 30 units Estimated cost premium (after incentive): $2,602 for 30 units Source of cost estimate: RS Means for baseline cost; 15% premium for high efficiency unit. Economics:

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6 High Efficiency PTAC Units $2,602 2,456 0.0 0 0.2 $0 $344 15 $5,159 7.6 98% 7% 10% $1,192 4,398


Assumptions:


Rebates/financial incentives: NJ Clean Energy – SmartStart: Homefront may attain $65/ton/unit for achieving the required minimum EER of 11.0, resulting in a total incentive amount of $1,462









PTAC Unit operation reduction 15 %

Inputs (Cooling)



Proposed High Efficiency Unit 30 0.75 11.40

PTAC Unit Specifications

Equations

Elec Consumption =(12 / EER) x (Cooling Capacity %) x (Diversity Factor %) x (# of Units) x (PTAC Capacity) x (Hours)





ECM #7a: Upgrade Heating and Domestic Hot Water System Because of the change in building use, Homefront will likely need to upgrade both the heating and domestic hot water systems in the building. Since there will be a relatively large domestic hot water load for the building, it can be both economical and efficient to use a condensing boiler to provide both the heating and domestic hot water load for the building. SWA recommends installing a 500 MBH condensing boiler in addition to the two existing 359 MBH non-condensing boilers (assuming they are functional) along with two 119-gallon indirect water heaters, which use the boilers to produce domestic hot water. This will provide 150% redundancy in the case of boiler failure and may also provide a reduced install cost compared to separate boiler and domestic hot water system. In this scenario the condensing boiler will work as the primary heating hot water boiler and as the domestic hot water boiler. A simple load estimate determined that a 500 MBH boiler will be able to supply the whole buildings heating hot water load 74% of the time. A condensing boiler can typically reaches efficiencies of 94% during peak heating conditions and an average of 92% heating seasonal efficiency, much higher than the currently installed 79% efficient boilers. When heating cannot be supplied by just the condensing boiler, one of the non-condensing boilers may supplement the condensing boiler to provide the additional capacity. Domestic hot water (DHW) will be produced by the boilers via a heat exchanger integral to the storage tanks. BMS controls will enable the boiler and heat exchanger pump when a call for domestic hot water is received. By using the condensing boiler to provide indirect DHW, Homefront will save money on the up-front cost of gas-fired hot water heaters and running additional gas lines. Additionally, the facility’s domestic hot water system will receive the benefits of a high-efficiency condensing boiler. SWA recommends installing two 119-gallon hot water heaters, as opposed to one 240-gal, in order to avoid the price premium ASME rated tanks, which are mandatory above 120 gallons.

Figure 1: 150% redundancy piping diagrams


Estimated cost: Standard material - $0 (leave existing equipment in place) Proposed material - $14,890 ($10,000 per boiler, $4,000 per DHW heater) Proposed Labor - $17,522 (includes installation of one boiler, two indirect DHW heaters, additional BMS points, and 20 ft. of piping– Cost may vary depending on extent of piping necessary) Estimated cost (before incentive): $32,412 Estimated cost (after incentive): $31,537 Source of cost estimate: RS Means; Wallace-Eannace Representative, Published and established costs, NJ Clean Energy Program Economics:

Assumptions:

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7a Heating System Upgrade $31,537 0 0.0 2,114 5.0 $0 $2,177 20 $43,545 14.5 38% 2% 3% -$868 23,301

Estimated Peak Heating Requirement 699 MBH

Heating Activation Temp 50 °F


Peak Hot Water Supply Temperature 160 °F

Peak Hot Water Delta T 30 °F


Min. Hot Water Supply Temperature 120 °F

Minimum Hot Water Delta T 10 °F

Natural Gas Conversion 100,000 Btu/Therm

Cost of Natural Gas $1.03 $/Therm

Inputs (Heating)

Condition Unit # of UnitsHeating Capacity/Unit

(Btu/Hr)

Boiler Non-Condensing

Efficiency (%)

Boiler Condensing Efficiency

(%)

Baseline Existing Non-Condensing Boilers 2 359,000 79% -

New Condensing Boiler 1 500,000 89% 94%

Existing Non-Condensing Boilers 2 359,000 79% -

Boiler Specifications

Proposed




NJ Clean Energy – SmartStart – The condensing boiler would be eligible to receive incentives of $1.75 per MBH. At 500 MBH, Homefront may receive an incentive of $875.


Equations

Natural Gas Consumption = ([Hours] x [Diversity Factor] x ([Heating Capacity] / [Boiler Efficiency])) / [Natural Gas Conversion]

Annual Savings = [Natural Gas Savings] x [Natural Gas Rate]




ECM #7b: Install Rooftop Gas Absorption Chiller

Homefront’s intent is to reuse as much of the currently installed mechanical equipment as possible; however, it is possible that the equipment is no longer operable due to the 2-year downtime. Additionally, Homefront is currently planning on installing one PTAC unit in each of the thirty 3rd-floor residences, which will require cutting a large penetration through the 10-inch thick concrete for each unit. Homefront should consider the following recommendation if one or more of the following situations apply: the mechanical equipment is no longer functional; the cost of cutting cement walls for PTAC installation is too high; Homefront wishes to take advantage of low natural gas prices. SWA recommends that Homefront consider the installation of Robur modular absorption chillers capable of providing chilled water in cooling mode and heating hot water in heating mode, both modes with simultaneous domestic hot water production. The rooftop Robur unit will be able to supply chilled water for the entire building, thus eliminating the need for a rooftop packaged DX unit and PTAC, or ductless-split units, in residences. If the chiller and boilers are no longer operable, it may be of comparable expense to install a single Robur system as opposed to a new chiller and boiler system. One of the main economic benefits from this system is the low cost of gas compared to electricity; $10 / MMBTU for gas compared to $41 / MMBTU for electricity. Additionally, because heating hot water production utilizes the refrigerant cycle, the unit can reach thermal efficiencies of 126%, much higher than even the 96% efficient condensing boiler. In the summer, when cooling is activated, free domestic hot water is produced using the waste heat from the cooling system. The Robur unit comes in 5-ton modules which can be added together as necessary in order to provide the total necessary cooling and heating capacity. The facility’s roof has a sufficient amount of space for the estimated fourteen modules. Because the system is modular, it can reduce capacity without loss of efficiency. Note that there will actually be an increased cost in cooling mode due to a lower efficiency of gas absorption cooling compared with electric chillers, however, that cost is surpassed by savings from heating and domestic hot water production. This installation includes the cost of a rooftop air handling unit supplying 100% outside air to the induction units in order to provide ventilation requirements. By installing induction units as opposed to PTACs, there will be a reduced cost for cutting through the cement walls, as only a small roof penetration for HVAC ductwork is necessary from the rooftop AHU. Induction units are priced slightly less than PTAC units. Induction units will have automatic 2-way valves to divert chilled water when space temperature is satisfied or when room is unoccupied (via ECM #5). The estimated cost premium of installing the proposed Robur system versus the current plan of keeping the existing equipment and installing PTACs and ductless-split units in the residences is $162,744, not including incentive. Based on RS means cost estimates for cutting 10” reinforced cement walls, it may cost up to $57,960 to cut penetrations for all thirty PTAC units. Replacing the existing chiller with a 70 ton chiller, the two existing boilers with one condensing and one non-condensing boiler, and installing PTAC units would cost approximately $166,730. Therefore, there may not be a cost premium over a direct equipment replacement, if a replacement is necessary. ECM 7a and ECM 7b are mutually exclusive and are dependent on the contractors decision or need to replace existing equipment.


Estimated cost: Standard Material - $0 (leave existing equipment in place) Proposed Material - $144,099 ($10,000 per boiler, $4,000 per DHW heater) Proposed Labor - $18,645 (Demolition of equipment) Estimated cost (before incentive): $162,744 Estimated cost premium (after incentive): $159,804 Source of cost estimate: RS Means, Wallace-Eannace Representative Economics:

* Additional kW savings are expected from domestic hot water and chilled water production

Assumptions:

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Chiller$159,804 167,113 0.0 -10,880 -12.3 $0 $12,189 25 $304,735 13.1 91% 4% 6% $40,942 179,285

Estimated Peak Cooling Requirement 70 Tons








Inputs (Cooling)

Estimated Peak Heating Requirement 699 MBH

Heating Activation Temp 50 °F


Peak Hot Water Supply Temperature 160 °F

Peak Hot Water Delta T 30 °F


Min. Hot Water Supply Temperature 120 °F

Minimum Hot Water Delta T 10 °F

Natural Gas Conversion 100,000 Btu/Therm

Cost of Natural Gas $1.03 $/Therm

Inputs (Heating)




NJ Clean Energy – SmartStart – The Robur unit would not qualify for gas cooling incentives, however, because it is also being used for heating, it may be eligible for the gas heating incentive of $1.75 / MBH. With a total heating capacity of 1,680 MBH, this may receive an incentive amount of $2,940.


Condition Unit Type# of

Units

Fan/Pump

Capacity

Fan/Pump

Capacity

Unit

Cooling

Capacity/

Unit

Cooling

Capacity

Units

Cooling

Efficiency

(EER)

Heating

Capacity/Unit

Heating

Capacity

Units

Heating

Efficiency (%)

PTAC (Standard Eff) 30 0.029 HP 0.75 Tons 10.56 - - -

Ductless (Standard Eff) 6 0.029 HP 0.75 Tons 10.56 - - -

RTU (Standard Eff) 1 - - 20 Tons 10 - - -

Chiller (Existing) 1 - - 50 Tons 9.9 - - -

Boiler (Existing) 2 - - - - - 359,000 BTU/Hr 79%

DHW (Existing) 2 - - - - - 117,714 BTU/Hr 100%

Induction 36 - - - - - - - -

AHU 1 3 HP - - - - - -

Absorber (Cooling) 14 1 HP 70 Tons 2.06 - - -

Absorber (Heating) 14 1 HP - - - 120,000 BTU/Hr 126%

Baseline

Proposed

Unit Specifications


ECM #8: Install T-12 to T-8 Retrofit Kits and LED Exit Signs

The storage shed was found to have fourteen (14) 2-lamp, 4 ft. T-12 fixtures. T-12 lamps are not as efficient as the T-8 variety. T-8 lamps are capable of produce equivalent lumen output as T-12, with less wattage draw. Wattage is further reduced by the use of electronic ballasts. Linear T-12 fixtures can be retrofitted using a T-8 retrofit kit, where the magnetic ballast is replaced with electronic ballast and T-12 lamps are replaced with T-8. The labor for the recommended installations is evaluated using prevailing electrical contractor wages. LED lamps are not recommended for this application due to the very low operating hours for the space, estimated to be 2 hours per day. LED fixtures only begin to make economical sense as higher daily runtimes are reached. Estimated cost: Standard Material - $2 (replacement T-12 lamp) Proposed Material - $50 / fixture Proposed Labor - $30 / fixture Estimated cost premium: $1,092/ fixture Source of cost estimate: Similar projects, published costs Economics:

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8 Install T-8 lamps in Storage Shed $1,092 211 0.4 0 0.0 $0 $30 25 $739 36.9 -32% -1% -3% -$583 378


Assumptions: SWA calculated the savings for this measure using measurements taken on the day of the field visit and using the billing analysis .


No incentives are available for T-12 to T-8 retrofit. Please see APPENDIX G for more information on Incentive Programs.

Total Annual Operating Hours 520

Assuming 2 hours per weekday (M -F)

Wattage per fixture (magnetic ballast) 78 Watts 49 Watts

Number of fixtures 14 Fixtures 14 Fixtures


Annual kWh 568 357

Fixture cost

T-12 Lamp $2.00 / Lamp $80.00 / fixture

$1,092 Total


Electricity cost - T-12 $79 / year $50 / year

$30 per year

Total annual operating hours = assumes 2 hours per day, M-F




Cost savings per year = [electricity cost - T-12] - [electricity cost T-8]

Cost premium = {[T-8 retrofit cost] x [# of fixtures]} - {[T-12 lamp cost] x [# of fixtures]}

count from walkthrough

Annual kWh

T-8 Retrofit Kit

Cost premium

Electricity cost - T-8


Equations

34-watt T-12 Lamps 28-watt T-8 Lamps

Wattage per fixture (electronic ballast)

Number of fixtures

Total kW

Assumptions


Proposed Further Recommendations

Best Practices The following recommendations include descriptions of control strategies and equipment savings with an energy savings that is not readily calculable. These measures may not have a cost premium over the proposed equipment, rather, they are an attempt at showing Homefront the efficient technologies and control strategies available.

BMS System– Homefront is planning on installing a building management system (BMS) to control mechanical equipment in the building. There are a few things that Homefront should consider when determining control sequences for the BMS system.

o AHU

OA Economizer - Both the air handling unit (AHU) and rooftop unit (RTU) should have 100% fully modulating outside air economizer control available. When outside conditions are appropriate the unit can use outside air mixed with return air in order to provide the desired supply air temperature. By using outside air for cooling the chiller does not need to operate to supply chilled water and RTU compressor does not need to operate, thus reducing energy usage. Economizer mode is a standard option when selecting RTUs. Enthalpy sensors should be calibrated annually to ensure optimal performance.

Static Pressure Reset – Static pressure reset can be implemented since a VAV system is being implemented. Static pressure reset works by reducing the static pressure setpoint in the ductwork based on VAV box percentage, thus reducing fan speed and, therefore, energy. Typically, when a space’s temperature is satisfied the VAV box will reduce its opening position. When no VAV boxes are open greater than 70%, the static pressure setpoint may be reduced and the most open VAV box can be opened to 100%, thus satisfying all space’s temperature requirements while reducing fan energy.

o Training – It is important that the building personnel know how to properly use the building management system. SWA recommends that a training course be offered upon building turnover so that the building personnel understand how the BMS functions and how they may adjust settings without disrupting the programming of the system. Proper training can prevent programming from being disturbed and systems from being left in manual override.

Heating Hot Water

o Zoning – The facility has two distinct space types – Office/classroom and residential – which provides an opportunity to split the areas into individual heating zones. By being able to control the zones separately, Homefront can reduce heating to the office spaces at night when it is unoccupied, while maintaining a comfortable temperature in the residential areas.

To do so, automatic control valves should be installed at the branches of each floor riser in order to limit hot water delivery to the perimeter heaters. In heating mode, this will allow the top, residential-only floor to remain warmer than the main level at night while residents are occupying the space.


Pumping

o VFD - variable frequency drives (VFD) and associated pressure sensors should be installed on the chilled water and heating hot water distribution pumps. A VFD, when paired with proper controls, will adjust the pumps speed based on pressure differential in the system. As the terminal equipment’s valves close, the system requires less capacity, and the differential pressure of the system increases. By lowering the speed of the pump via VFD, the system can maintain a constant system pressure, thereby reducing energy used for circulation.

Lighting

o Occupancy Sensors – All areas that experience sporadic occupancy patterns – such as computer rooms, laundry rooms, libraries and bathrooms – should include occupancy controlled lighting. Occupancy sensors will disable lights if no one is detected in the area for a predetermined amount of time, thus preventing lights from being left on and reducing energy use in the facility. Dual-technology occupancy sensors with motion and infrared technology should be used.

Two types of light sensors exist, wall-mounted and ceiling-mounted. In rooms with a direct line of sight to all areas (i.e. no dividing walls), a wall mounted occupancy will be sufficient as it will be able to detect presence in all areas. In rooms with dividing walls, such as public restrooms with multiple stalls, a ceiling mounted occupancy sensor should be used in order to detect presence in the bathroom stalls. If a wall occupancy sensor is used in these areas, there exists a chance that lights will be disabled while the room is occupied.

o Exit signs – Exit signs throughout all three facilities should be replaced with LED exit signs. LED signs use less energy than the incandescent variety and have a longer lifespan. A typical incandescent exit sign has a wattage of 40-watts whereas LED exit signs demand only 5-watts. Additionally, these have a low upfront cost and have simple paybacks of approximately 1.2 years.

Potable Water

o Shower Heads – Homefront should install low-flow, 1.5-gpm showerheads. This will reduce the amount of domestic hot water that must be produced, thus reducing energy. One technology that may be of interest to Homefront is the Evolve Showerhead. The showerhead is a 1.5 GPM flow device with a thermostatically activated shutoff control that reduces flow to a trickle once the water reaches a sufficiently hot temperature. The idea is that people tend to accomplish other tasks – brushing teeth, cleaning, etc. – while waiting for their shower to warm up; hot water can be left running for several minutes before the person finally gets in the shower. This showerhead stops the flow of water once a sufficiently hot temperature reached, preventing the waste of hot water; once the person is ready to shower, they pull a tab to restart the flow of the already hot water.

http://evolveshowerheads.com/evolve_products.html

o Landscaping – Homefront has expressed a desire to have a significant amount of landscaped area on the building grounds. It is good practice to meter water use for irrigation in order to track and monitor the landscaping water use. Leaks in irrigation systems can go undetected for years, wasting significant amounts of water. Metering irrigation water use can quickly identify a system leaks and overwatering, mitigating water waste.

http://evolveshowerheads.com/evolve_products.html


Vending Machines

o Vending Miser - A Vending Mizer is an occupancy-sensing control device that can be easily installed on most vending machines. When there are no occupants in the area, the vending machine’s lights will turn off to reduce electricity. Once a person is sensed in the area, the lights enable. There are different vending miser models for air conditioned beverage machines and non-air conditioned snack machines.

o http://www.vendingmiser.com/

White Roof

o Homefront should consider replacing the roof with a cool roof. A cool roof reflects more solar radiation and absorbs less heat than a typical dark color roof. On a given day, the current rooftop is substantially hotter than the lighter colored surfaces. Adding a white elastomeric roof coating can increase the roof‘s albedo by up to 60%. By reflecting more solar energy, the surface temperature of the roof will be lower, thereby decreasing the heat transfer into the conditioned space. This will result in a lower overall space cooling demand. Additionally, because of the decrease in temperature, a white roof can also extend the useful life a roof when compared to a black roof.

Savings were calculated using the Department of Energy’s Cool Roof Calculator. Using conservative inputs, it is estimated that Homefront can reduce utility cost by $758.52 per year by replacing the ballasted roof with a cool roof. Homefront is already considering replacing the roof and should therefore consider using a white roof, as the cost premium is not significantly higher than a traditional dark colored roof.

Commissioning

o New Building Commissioning is a process in which mechanical equipment and control systems are inspected and tested for proper installation and function prior to building turnover. The goal of commissioning is to ensure that equipment was properly installed and is being controlled according to the design intent. During the construction process sensors may be misprogrammed, connections improperly made, and equipment installed incorrectly. Commissioning will identify these issues before the building is turned over, which will minimize operational problems, prevent equipment failure, and reduce energy cost.

o According to a Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory study, new building commissioning typically costs 0.3% - 0.9%, or $1.00 / sq. ft. of the total construction cost and yields a median payback time of 4.8 years, excluding non-energy impacts.

http://www.vendingmiser.com/


Operations and Maintenance Operations and Maintenance measures consist of low/no cost measures that are within the capability of the current building staff to handle. These measures typically require little investment, and they yield a short payback period. These measures may address equipment settings or staff operations that, when addressed will reduce energy consumption or costs.

Replace filters on AHUs –Air filter should be inspected every three to six months and replaced when dirty. Filters with high concentrations of dirt and dust increase the air pressure in the AHU and make the supply fan work harder to deliver the same amount of air.

Clean fins on air cooled condenser section for the Roof Top Unit and Chiller –High concentration of dirt and debris on fins reduce the overall efficiency of the system

Install water-efficient fixtures and controls – Installing efficient water-consumption fixtures/appliances will reduce energy consumption for water heating, while also decreasing water/sewer bills. Routine maintenance practices that identify and quickly address water leaks are a low-cost way to save water and energy.

Inspect and replace cracked/ineffective caulk. This measure can be conducted by in-house maintenance staff with little investment, and yield a short payback.

Inspect and maintain sealants at all windows for airtight performance. This measure can be conducted by in-house maintenance staff with little investment, and yield a short payback.

Inspect and maintain weather-stripping around all exterior doors and roof hatches. This measure can be conducted by in-house maintenance staff with little investment, and yield a short payback.

SWA recommends that the building considers purchasing the most energy-efficient equipment, including ENERGY STAR® labeled appliances, when equipment is installed or replaced. ENERGY STAR® appliances meet stricter standards compared to standard appliances. Stricter standards include exceeding Federal minimum efficiencies and reduced environmental impact. More information can be found in the “Products” section of the ENERGY STAR® website at: http://www.energystar.gov.

Consider the use of smart power electric strips - in conjunction with occupancy sensors to power down computer equipment when left unattended for extended periods of time.

Create an energy educational program - that teaches students and professionals how to minimize energy use. An educational program may be incorporated into school curricula to increase students’ environmental awareness. The U.S. Department of Energy offers free information for hosting energy efficiency educational programs and plans. For more information

please visit: http://www1.eere.energy.gov/education/.

http://www.energystar.gov/

http://www1.eere.energy.gov/education/


APPENDIX A: EQUIPMENT LIST

Building System Description Model # Fuel Location Space Served Year Installed

Estimated

Remaining Useful

Life %

Cooling

Chiller

50 ton;

R-22 Refrigerant

EER = 9.9

Trane Scroll Chiller

Model # -

CCAD0504CJ0OAD1R

0 Serial #

U00G006

Electricity Basement CH-1 1999 48%

Pump

HHW Pump

HP - 3

RPM - 1750

GPM - 110

Ft. Hd. - 50

Marathon

Model # - CNV

Serial # - 00679480

050100

Electricity P-2 B-1, B-2 1999 35%

Heating

Boiler (Qty - 2)

Input - 520 MBH

Output (Water) -

359,000 BTU/Hr

Burner - Gas

Efficiency = 79%

Smith Boilers -

Model # -19A Series -

S/W - 4

Natural Gas Basement B-1, B-2 1999 35%

Pump

HHW Pump

HP - 1.5

RPM - 1750

GPM - 52.2

Ft. Hd. - 40

US Motors

Model # - G1C2A

Serial # -

D0301055201013F

Electricity P-2 B-1, B-2 1999 35%

Cooling & Heating

AHU

Supply Fan HP - 20

Return Fan HP- 5

CFM - 19,400

Trane AHU

Model -

MCCA040GAY0ACA

Serial # - K00F98592

Electricity 1st Floor AHU-1 1999 35%

Domestic Hot

Water

DHW-1

Capacity - 119 Gal

Total kW - 54 kW

Bradford White

Model #- MII-120-54-

3SF-84

Serial # - WF007747

Electricity 1st Floor DHW-1 1999 35%

Domestic Hot

Water

DHW-2

Capacity - 50 Gal

Total kW - 15 kW

A.O. Smith

Model # - DVE 52 917

Serial # -MF00-

0946016-917

Electricity 1st Floor DHW-2 1999 35%

Cooling Capacity - 5 Ton

Central Cooling

Model # -

D3CE060A25C

Serial # - NFEM072359

Electricity Roof RTU-1 Unknown N/A

Exhaust Size - CNV CNV Electricity Roof EF-1, EF-2 Unknown N/A

Main Building


Note: The remaining useful life of a system (in %) is an estimate based on the system date of built and existing conditions derived from visual inspection.

Building System Description Model # Fuel Location Space Served Year Installed

Estimated

Remaining Useful

Life %

Exhaust

EF-1

HP- 1/80

CFM - 190

CNV Electricity Above restroom EF-1 1997 25%

Exhaust

EF-2

HP - 3

CFM - 2,800

CNV Electricity North Wall EF-2 1997 25%

Exhaust

EF-3

HP - 1/4

CFM -220

CNV Electricity Bat. Rm EF-3 1997 25%

H&V Unit

HV-1

CFM - 8490

Supply Fan HP -

7.5

Trane

Model # -

GGAA35PDBB0N1GR

104ED

Serial # - A98L47986

Electricity &

Natural GasLoft HV-1 1997 0%

H&V Unit

HV-2

CFM - 2800

Supply Fan HP -

2.0

Gas input - 250

kBTU / hr

Efficiency -80%

Trane

Model # - GSND025AD-

M

Serial # - A98L47989

Electricity &

Natural GasLoft HV-2 1997 0%

Auto Maintenance Shed

Storage Shed - No Equipment


Appendix B: Incentive Programs

Homefront’s project has a large opportunity to receive cost reductions in the form of state incentives. The two available incentives SWA has identified are the “New Jersey Pay for Performance – New Construction Incentive” and the “New Jersey SmartStart Buildings Equipment Incentives.” The same equipment upgrade cannot receive incentives from both programs; a cost analysis must be done to determine the estimated incentive from each program before deciding which one to pursue. All incentives are subject to approval, see current program requirements before purchasing equipment.

New Jersey Clean Energy Pay for Performance – New Construction The NJ Clean Energy Pay for Performance (P4P) Program relies on a network of Partners who provide technical services to clients. LGEA participating clients who are not receiving Direct Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grants are eligible for P4P. SWA is an eligible Partner and can develop an Energy Reduction Plan for the project with a whole-building traditional energy audit and the creation of an energy model of the building. The energy model must prove a 15% reduction in energy compared to the current energy code in order to receive the incentive. The incentives are broken into 3 parts.

Incentive 1: Proposed Energy Reduction Plan

o Based on creation of energy reduction plan and energy model

Incentive 2: As-Built Energy Reduction Plan

o Based on successful installation of the energy efficiency improvements or equipment

Incentive 3: Commissioning Report

o Based on confirmation that the performance level indicated in the As-Built Energy

Reduction Plan is met.

There is typically a square footage minimum of 50,000 square feet; however this is waived for non-profit entities. It is important to note that achieving the required cost reduction of 15% greater than code may require replacing existing equipment that Homefront had originally intended to keep, which would increase the upfront cost of the project. The necessity of replacement can only be determined after an energy model of the building is performed. Also note that the incentive is based on energy cost reduction, not reduced energy usage. This is because installing certain equipment, like solar photovoltaic panels or ice storage, does not decrease the site energy usage, but rather reduces the energy cost to the owner by adjusting the source of the energy or the time-of-day usage. Therefore if the building is at 13% cost reduction without PV panels, the installation of a solar array can push the facility into the 15% category and, therefore, qualify for the incentives. On the following page is a breakdown of potential incentive amounts, assuming that Homefront can reach the 15% reduction from code performance minimum in each section. Each section can be paid individually, meaning that is Homefront reaches 15% minimum in Incentive 1, then installs the proposed equipment in Inventive 2, but does perform as expected in Incentive 3, They will still receive the amounts from part 1 and 2, but not from part 3.


Incentive #1: Energy Reduction Plan

Minimum Performance Requirement:.................15%

Incentive Amount:.......................... $0.10 per sq ft

Maximum Incentive::......................... $50,000

42,140

Potential Incentive $4,214.00

Incentive #2: As-Built Energy Reduction Plan


Incentive Amount:..........................$1.00 per sq ft

42,140

Potential Incentive $42,140.00

Incentive #3: Post-Construction Benchmarking Report


15%-17% performance: ……....…........$0.35 per sq ft

18%-20% performance: ……....…........$0.45 per sq ft

20% + performance: …..…...……….......$0.65 per sq ft

42,140

Potential Incentive (15%-17%) $14,749.00

*If actual savings match estimates

Total Potential Incentive $61,103.00

Homefront

Sq. Ft

Pay for Performance for Homefront

Homefront

Sq. Ft

Homefront

Sq. Ft


New Jersey SmartStart Buildings Equipment Incentives If it is determined that Homefront cannot attain the pay-for-performance performance minimum, the SmartStart Building Equipment Incentives may be taken advantage of. While the total incentive amount will not be as great as the Pay-for-Performance, there will be less cost in hiring consultants to prepare and verify the energy savings amounts. Additionally, the SmartStart incentives will help to negate the cost premium for high efficiency equipment versus the baseline. The following chart shows what Homefront may expect from following this incentive route:

The following hyperlink is directed to the equipment incentive page. Here you can find a description of the retrofits as well as links to all necessary incentive application forms. http://www.njcleanenergy.com/commercial-industrial/programs/nj-smartstart-buildings/tools-and-resources/equipment-incentives/equi

Equipment Type Qty SizeMinimum

EfficiencyIncentive Rate

Potential Total

Incentive

Boiler - 359 MBH 1 ≥300 - 1500 MBH >85% efficiency $1.75 / MBH $875.00

Air Handling Unit 1 N/A N/A N/A $0.00

Ptac units (0.75 tons) 30≥9,000 BTUH -

12,000 BTUH>11.0 EER $65 / ton $1,462.50

Ductless Split (0.75 Tons) 6 <5.4 tons >14.0 EER $92 / ton $414.00

Unitary HVAC / Split systems

New 20 ton RTU to be

installed

1 ≥20 - 30 tons >11.5 EER $79 / ton $1,580.00

Occupancy controlled

thermostats for Hospitality /

Institutional Facilities

36 N/A N/A $75 / unit $2,700.00

Lighting - interior corridors

and rooms

Performance

BasedN/A N/A

$1.00/ watt below incentive

threshold (5% below AHRAE90.1)$13,037.06

Lighting - Exterior19 - Pole

12 - WallN/A LED Lamp

$175/unit - Pole Mounted

$100/unit - Wall Mounted$4,525.00

Occupancy sensor 50 (est) N/A N/A $20 $1,000.00

Total $25,593.56

http://www.njcleanenergy.com/commercial-industrial/programs/nj-smartstart-buildings/tools-and-resources/equipment-incentives/equi

http://www.njcleanenergy.com/commercial-industrial/programs/nj-smartstart-buildings/tools-and-resources/equipment-incentives/equi


Direct Install Program* Direct Install is a division of the New Jersey Clean Energy Programs’ Smart Start Buildings. It is a turn-key program for existing small to mid-sized facilities to aid in upgrading equipment to more efficient types. It is designed to cut overall energy costs by upgrading lighting, HVAC, and other equipment with energy efficient alternatives. The program pays up to 70% of the retrofit costs, including equipment cost and installation costs. Each project is limited to $75,000 in incentives. Eligibility:

Existing small and mid-sized commercial and industrial facilities with peak electrical demand below 200 kW within 12 months of applying

Must be located in New Jersey

Must be served by one of the state’s public, regulated or natural gas companies For the most up to date information on contractors in New Jersey who participate in this program, go to: http://www.njcleanenergy.com/commercial-industrial/programs/direct-install or visit the utility web sites.

SREC Program Solar Renewable Energy Credits (SRECs) represent all the clean energy benefits of electricity generated from a solar energy system. SRECs can be sold or traded separately from the power, providing owners a source of revenue to help offset the cost of installation. All solar project owners in New Jersey with electric distribution grid-connected systems are eligible to generate SRECs. Each time a system generates 1,000 kWh of electricity an SREC is earned and placed in the customer's account on the web-based SREC tracking system. For the most up to date information on how to participate in this program, go to: http://www.njcleanenergy.com/renewable-energy/home/home.

Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Energy Provider Incentives South Jersey Gas - Provides additional incentive of $1.00/watt up to $1,000,000 on top of NJCEP incentive. Utility Sponsored Programs Check with your local utility companies for further opportunities that may be available. Other Federal and State Sponsored Programs Other federal and state sponsored funding opportunities may be available, including BLOCK and R&D grant funding. For more information, please check http://www.dsireusa.org/. *Subject to availability. Incentive program timelines might not be sufficient to meet the 25% in 12 months spending requirement outlined in the LGEA program.

http://www.njcleanenergy.com/commercial-industrial/programs/direct-install

http://www.njcleanenergy.com/renewable-energy/home/home

http://www.dsireusa.org/


APPENDIX C: UPCOMING EQUIPMENT PHASEOUTS LIGHTING:

As of July 1, 2010 magnetic ballasts most commonly used for the operation of T12 lamps are no longer being produced for commercial and industrial applications.

As of January 1, 2012 100 watt incandescent bulbs have been phased out in accordance with the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007.

As of July 2012 many non energy saver model T12 lamps have been phased out of production.

As of January 1, 2013 75 watt incandescent bulbs have been phased out in accordance with the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007.

As of January 1, 2014 60 and 40 watt incandescent bulbs will be phased out in accordance with the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007.

Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 incandescent lamp phase-out exclusions: 1. Appliance lamp (e.g. refrigerator or oven light) 2. Black light lamp 3. Bug lamp 4. Colored lamp 5. Infrared lamp 6. Left-hand thread lamp 7. Marine lamp 8. Marine signal service lamp 9. Mine service lamp 10. Plant light lamp 11. Reflector lamp 12. Rough service lamp 13. Shatter-resistant lamp (including a shatter-proof lamp and a shatter-protected lamp) 14. Sign service lamp 15. Silver bowl lamp 16. Showcase lamp 17. 3-way incandescent lamp 18. Traffic signal lamp 19. Vibration service lamp 20. Globe shaped “G” lamp (as defined in ANSI C78.20-2003 and C79.1-2002 with a

diameter of 5 inches or more 21. T shape lamp (as defined in ANSI C78.20-2003 and C79.1-2002) and that uses not

more than 40 watts or has a length of more than 10 inches 22. A B, BA, CA, F, G16-1/2, G-25, G30, S, or M-14 lamp (as defined in ANSI C79.1-

2002 and ANSI C78.20-2003) of 40 watts or less 23. Candelabra incandescent and other lights not having a medium Edison screw base.

When installing compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs), be advised that they contain a very small amount of mercury sealed within the glass tubing and EPA guidelines concerning


cleanup and safe disposal of compact fluorescent light bulbs should be followed. Additionally, all lamps to be disposed should be recycled in accordance with EPA guidelines through state or local government collection or exchange programs instead.

HCFC (Hydro chlorofluorocarbons):

As of January 1, 2010, no production and no importing of R-142b and R-22, except for use in equipment manufactured before January 1, 2010, in accordance with the Montreal Protocol.

As of January 1, 2015, No production and no importing of any HCFCs, except for use as refrigerants in equipment manufactured before January 1, 2010.

As of January 1, 2020 No production and no importing of R-142b and R-22.


APPENDIX D: THIRD PARTY ENERGY SUPPLIERS http://www.state.nj.us/bpu/commercial/shopping.html

http://www.state.nj.us/bpu/commercial/shopping.html


APPENDIX E: GLOSSARY AND METHOD OF CALCULATIONS Net ECM Cost: The net ECM cost is the cost experienced by the customer, which is typically the total cost (materials + labor) of installing the measure minus any available incentives. Both the total cost and the incentive amounts are expressed in the summary for each ECM. Annual Energy Cost Savings (AECS): This value is determined by the audit firm based on the calculated energy savings (kWh or Therm) of each ECM and the calculated energy costs of the building. Lifetime Energy Cost Savings (LECS): This measure estimates the energy cost savings over the lifetime of the ECM. It can be a simple estimation based on fixed energy costs. If desired, this value can factor in an annual increase in energy costs as long as the source is provided. Simple Payback: This is a simple measure that displays how long the ECM will take to break-even based on the annual energy and maintenance savings of the measure. ECM Lifetime: This is included with each ECM so that the owner can see how long the ECM will be in place and whether or not it will exceed the simple payback period. Additional guidance for calculating ECM lifetimes can be found below. This value can come from manufacturer’s rated lifetime or warranty, the ASHRAE rated lifetime, or any other valid source. Operating Cost Savings (OCS): This calculation is an annual operating savings for the ECM. It is the difference in the operating, maintenance, and / or equipment replacement costs of the existing case versus the ECM. In the case where an ECM lifetime will be longer than the existing measures (such as LED lighting versus fluorescent) the operating savings will factor in the cost of replacing the units to match the lifetime of the ECM. In this case or in one where one-time repairs are made, the total replacement / repair sum is averaged over the lifetime of the ECM. Return on Investment (ROI): The ROI is expresses the percentage return of the investment based on the lifetime cost savings of the ECM. This value can be included as an annual or lifetime value, or both. Net Present Value (NPV): The NPV calculates the present value of an investment’s future cash flows based on the time value of money, which is accounted for by a discount rate (assumes bond rate of 3.2%). Internal Rate of Return (IRR): The IRR expresses an annual rate that results in a break-even point for the investment. If the owner is currently experiencing a lower return on their capital than the IRR, the project is financially advantageous. This measure also allows the owner to compare ECMs against each other to determine the most appealing choices. Gas Rate and Electric Rate ($/therm and $/kWh): The gas rate and electric rate used in the financial analysis is the total annual energy cost divided by the total annual energy usage for the 12 month billing period studied. The graphs of the monthly gas and electric rates reflect the total monthly energy costs divided by the monthly usage, and display how the average rate fluctuates throughout the year. The average annual rate is the only rate used in energy savings calculations.


Calculation References

Term Definition ECM Energy Conservation Measure

AOCS Annual Operating Cost Savings AECS Annual Energy Cost Savings LOCS* Lifetime Operating Cost Savings LECS Lifetime Energy Cost Savings LCS Lifetime Cost Savings NPV Net Present Value IRR Internal Rate of Return DR Discount Rate

Net ECM Cost Total ECM Cost – Incentive LECS AECS X ECM Lifetime AOCS LOCS / ECM Lifetime LCS LOCS+LECS

Simple Payback Net ECM Cost / (AECS + AOCS) Lifetime ROI (LECS + LOCS – Net ECM Cost) / Net ECM Cost Annual ROI (Lifetime ROI / Lifetime) = [(AECS + OCS) / Net ECM Cost – (1 / Lifetime)]

* The lifetime operating cost savings are all avoided operating, maintenance, and/or component replacement costs over the lifetime of the ECM. This can be the sum of any annual operating savings, recurring or bulk (i.e. one-time repairs) maintenance savings, or the savings that comes from avoiding equipment replacement needed for the existing measure to meet the lifetime of the ECM (e.g. lighting change outs).

Excel NPV and IRR Calculation In Excel, function =IRR (values) and =NPV (rate, values) are used to quickly calculate the IRR and NPV of a series of annual cash flows. The investment cost will typically be a negative cash flow at year 0 (total cost - incentive) with years 1 through the lifetime receiving a positive cash flow from the annual energy cost savings and annual maintenance savings. The calculations in the example below are for an ECM that saves $850 annually in energy and maintenance costs (over a 10 year lifetime) and takes $5,000 to purchase and install after incentives:


Solar PV ECM Calculation There are several components to the calculation: Costs: Material of PV system including panels, mounting and net-metering +

Labor Energy Savings: Reduction of kWh electric cost for life of panel, 25 years Solar Renewable Energy Credits (SRECs) – Market-rate incentive.

Calculations assume $176.45/Megawatt hour consumed per year for a maximum of 15 years; added to annual energy cost savings for a period of 15 years. (Megawatt hour used is rounded to nearest 1,000 kWh) The solar advisory model (Solar SAM) was used to calculate the annual energy and dollar savings from the solar installation. SWA added the assumed SREC market rate of $176/Megawatt to the Solar Sam results in order to estimate the payback period of the installation.

Assumptions: A Solar Pathfinder device is used to analyze site shading for the building

and determine maximum amount of full load operation based on available sunlight. When the Solar Pathfinder device is not implemented, amount of full load operation based on available sunlight is assumed to be 1,180 hours in New Jersey. There was no shading for this location.

ECM and Equipment Lifetimes Determining a lifetime for equipment and ECM’s can sometimes be difficult. The following table contains a list of lifetimes that the NJCEP uses in its commercial and industrial programs. Other valid sources are also used to determine lifetimes, such as the DOE, ASHRAE, or the manufacturer’s warranty. Lighting is typically the most difficult lifetime to calculate because the fixture, ballast, and bulb can all have different lifetimes. Essentially the ECM analysis will have different operating cost savings (avoided equipment replacement) depending on which lifetime is used. When the bulb lifetime is used (rated burn hours / annual burn hours), the operating cost savings is just reflecting the theoretical cost of replacing the existing case bulb and ballast over the life of the recommended bulb. Dividing by the bulb lifetime will give an annual operating cost savings. When a fixture lifetime is used (e.g. 15 years) the operating cost savings reflects the avoided bulb and ballast replacement cost of the existing case over 15 years minus the projected bulb and ballast replacement cost of the proposed case over 15 years. This will give the difference of the equipment replacement costs between the proposed and existing cases and when divided by 15 years will give the annual operating cost savings.


New Jersey Clean Energy Program Commercial Equipment Life Span

Measure Life Span

Commercial Lighting — New 15

Commercial Lighting — Remodel/Replacement 15

Commercial Custom — New 18

Commercial Chiller Optimization 18

Commercial Unitary HVAC — New - Tier 1 15

Commercial Unitary HVAC — Replacement - Tier 1 15

Commercial Unitary HVAC — New - Tier 2 15

Commercial Unitary HVAC — Replacement Tier 2 15

Commercial Chillers — New 25

Commercial Chillers — Replacement 25

Commercial Small Motors (1-10 HP) — New or Replacement 20

Commercial Medium Motors (11-75 HP) — New or Replacement 20

Commercial Large Motors (76-200 HP) — New or Replacement 20

Commercial VSDs — New 15

Commercial VSDs — Retrofit 15

Commercial Comprehensive New Construction Design 18

Commercial Custom — Replacement 18

Industrial Lighting — New 15

Industrial Lighting — Remodel/Replacement 15

Industrial Unitary HVAC — New - Tier 1 15

Industrial Unitary HVAC — Replacement - Tier 1 15

Industrial Unitary HVAC — New - Tier 2 15

Industrial Unitary HVAC — Replacement Tier 2 15

Industrial Chillers — New 25

Industrial Chillers — Replacement 25

Industrial Small Motors (1-10 HP) — New or Replacement 20

Industrial Medium Motors (11-75 HP) — New or Replacement 20

Industrial Large Motors (76-200 HP) — New or Replacement 20

Industrial VSDs — New 15

Industrial VSDs — Retrofit 15

Industrial Custom — Non-Process 18

Industrial Custom — Process 10

Small Commercial Gas Furnace — New or Replacement 20

Small Commercial Gas Boiler — New or Replacement 20

Small Commercial Gas DHW — New or Replacement 10

C&I Gas Absorption Chiller — New or Replacement 25

C&I Gas Custom — New or Replacement (Engine Driven Chiller) 25

C&I Gas Custom — New or Replacement (Gas Efficiency Measures) 18

O&M savings 3

Compressed Air (GWh participant) 8


Bin Data ECM #1: High Efficiency Ductless-Split Units

Lo

w T

em

p (°F

)H

igh

Te

mp

(°F)

Co

olin

g A

ctiv

atio

nC

oo

ling

Cap

acity

(%)

Div

ers

ity F

acto

r (%)

Co

olin

g C

ap

acity

(To

ns)

Ele

ctric

(kW

h)

Ele

ctric

(kW

h)

Ele

ctric

Sav

ing

s (k

Wh

)C

ost S

av

ing

s ($

)

94.0

96.0

14

Y100%

58%

0.8

41.3

36.3

5.0

$1

92.0

94.0

12

Y100%

57%

0.8

34.8

30.6

4.2

$1

90.0

92.0

11

Y100%

58%

0.8

32.8

28.9

3.9

$1

88.0

90.0

29

Y100%

63%

0.8

93.5

82.3

11.2

$2

86.0

88.0

22

Y100%

64%

0.8

71.8

63.2

8.6

$1

84.0

86.0

77

Y100%

64%

0.8

250.5

220.4

30.1

$4

82.0

84.0

65

Y94%

63%

0.7

197.7

174.0

23.7

$3

80.0

82.0

93

Y89%

66%

0.7

276.6

243.4

33.2

$5

78.0

80.0

112

Y83%

69%

0.6

328.9

289.4

39.5

$6

76.0

78.0

93

Y78%

68%

0.6

249.8

219.8

30.0

$4

74.0

76.0

175

Y72%

68%

0.5

437.0

384.5

52.4

$7

72.0

74.0

241

Y66%

71%

0.5

585.0

514.8

70.2

$10

70.0

72.0

289

Y61%

76%

0.5

681.2

599.5

81.7

$11

68.0

70.0

345

Y55%

77%

0.4

754.5

664.0

90.5

$13

66.0

68.0

465

Y50%

77%

0.4

903.5

795.0

108.4

$15

64.0

66.0

360

Y44%

80%

0.3

650.7

572.6

78.1

$11

62.0

64.0

363

Y38%

80%

0.3

569.4

501.1

68.3

$10

60.0

62.0

379

Y33%

80%

0.2

508.6

447.6

61.0

$9

58.0

60.0

253

NN

/A77%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

56.0

58.0

336

NN

/A79%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

54.0

56.0

278

NN

/A80%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

52.0

54.0

260

NN

/A77%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

50.0

52.0

268

NN

/A79%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

48.0

50.0

553

NN

/A79%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

46.0

48.0

292

NN

/A79%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

44.0

46.0

279

NN

/A80%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

42.0

44.0

277

NN

/A83%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

40.0

42.0

212

NN

/A84%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

38.0

40.0

248

NN

/A78%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

36.0

38.0

236

NN

/A80%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

34.0

36.0

230

NN

/A82%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

32.0

34.0

220

NN

/A79%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

30.0

32.0

398

NN

/A77%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

28.0

30.0

198

NN

/A79%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

26.0

28.0

235

NN

/A79%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

24.0

26.0

238

NN

/A82%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

22.0

24.0

110

NN

/A85%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

20.0

22.0

131

NN

/A84%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

18.0

20.0

100

NN

/A79%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

16.0

18.0

73

NN

/A80%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

14.0

16.0

40

NN

/A83%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

12.0

14.0

64

NN

/A81%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

10.0

12.0

86

NN

/A86%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

8,7

60

6,6

68

5,8

67

80

0$

11

2

Sav

ing

sT

em

p B

ou

nd

arie

s

To

tals

Bin

Data

Du

ctle

ss S

plit O

pe

ratio

nB

ase

line

Pro

po

se

d

Hrs

Dry

Bu

lb (2

4/7

)


ECM #3: High Efficiency Rooftop Unit

Lo

w T

em

p (°F

)H

igh

Te

mp

(°F)

Co

olin

g A

ctiv

atio

nC

oo

ling

Cap

acity

(%)

Co

olin

g C

ap

acity

(To

ns)

Ele

ctric

(kW

h)

Ele

ctric

(kW

h)

Ele

ctric

Sav

ing

s (k

Wh

)C

ost S

av

ing

s ($

)

94.0

96.0

7Y

100%

20.0

168.0

133.3

34.7

$5

92.0

94.0

7Y

100%

20.0

168.0

133.3

34.7

$5

90.0

92.0

9Y

100%

20.0

216.0

171.4

44.6

$6

88.0

90.0

24

Y100%

20.0

576.0

457.1

118.9

$17

86.0

88.0

21

Y100%

20.0

504.0

400.0

104.0

$15

84.0

86.0

61

Y100%

20.0

1464.0

1161.9

302.1

$42

82.0

84.0

44

Y94%

18.9

996.9

791.2

205.7

$29

80.0

82.0

54

Y89%

17.8

1150.8

913.4

237.5

$33

78.0

80.0

58

Y83%

16.6

1158.1

919.2

239.0

$33

76.0

78.0

38

Y78%

15.5

707.7

561.7

146.0

$20

74.0

76.0

85

Y72%

14.4

1468.8

1165.7

303.1

$42

72.0

74.0

120

Y66%

13.3

1912.3

1517.7

394.6

$55

70.0

72.0

125

Y61%

12.2

1824.0

1447.6

376.4

$53

68.0

70.0

125

Y55%

11.0

1656.0

1314.3

341.7

$48

66.0

68.0

165

Y50%

9.9

1964.2

1558.9

405.3

$57

64.0

66.0

100

Y44%

8.8

1056.0

838.1

217.9

$31

62.0

64.0

85

Y38%

7.7

783.4

621.7

161.6

$23

60.0

62.0

93

Y33%

6.6

732.1

581.0

151.1

$21

58.0

60.0

75

NN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/A

56.0

58.0

108

NN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/A

54.0

56.0

83

NN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/A

52.0

54.0

108

NN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/A

50.0

52.0

115

NN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/A

48.0

50.0

189

NN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/A

46.0

48.0

91

NN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/A

44.0

46.0

78

NN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/A

42.0

44.0

70

NN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/A

40.0

42.0

40

NN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/A

38.0

40.0

76

NN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/A

36.0

38.0

51

NN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/A

34.0

36.0

76

NN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/A

32.0

34.0

62

NN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/A

30.0

32.0

130

NN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/A

28.0

30.0

72

NN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/A

26.0

28.0

58

NN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/A

24.0

26.0

57

NN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/A

22.0

24.0

19

NN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/A

20.0

22.0

22

NN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/A

18.0

20.0

26

NN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/A

16.0

18.0

21

NN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/A

14.0

16.0

9N

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

12.0

14.0

13

NN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/A

10.0

12.0

12

NN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/A

2,8

82

18

,50

61

4,6

88

3,8

19

$5

35

To

tals

Bin

Data

Ro

ofto

p O

pe

ratio

nB

ase

line

Sav

ing

sT

em

p B

ou

nd

arie

sH

rs D

ry B

ulb

(8A

-7P

M-F

)

Pro

po

se

d


ECM #5: Install Guest Room Occupancy Controls


ECM #6: High Efficiency PTAC Units

Lo

w T

em

p (°F

)H

igh

Te

mp

(°F)

Co

olin

g A

ctiv

atio

nC

oo

ling

Cap

acity

(%)

Div

ers

ity F

acto

r (%)

Co

olin

g C

ap

acity

(To

ns/P

TA

C)

Ele

ctric

(kW

h)

Ele

ctric

(kW

h)

Ele

ctric

Sav

ing

s (k

Wh

)C

ost S

av

ing

s ($

)

94.0

96.0

14

Y100%

58%

0.4

206.3

191.1

15.2

$2

92.0

94.0

12

Y100%

57%

0.4

173.9

161.1

12.8

$2

90.0

92.0

11

Y100%

58%

0.4

163.9

151.9

12.1

$2

88.0

90.0

29

Y100%

63%

0.5

467.6

433.1

34.5

$5

86.0

88.0

22

Y100%

64%

0.5

359.1

332.6

26.5

$4

84.0

86.0

77

Y100%

64%

0.5

1252.4

1160.1

92.3

$13

82.0

84.0

65

Y94%

63%

0.4

988.6

915.8

72.8

$10

80.0

82.0

93

Y89%

66%

0.4

1383.2

1281.3

101.9

$14

78.0

80.0

112

Y83%

69%

0.4

1644.4

1523.3

121.2

$17

76.0

78.0

93

Y78%

68%

0.4

1248.9

1156.9

92.0

$13

74.0

76.0

175

Y72%

68%

0.4

2184.9

2023.9

161.0

$23

72.0

74.0

241

Y66%

71%

0.4

2925.0

2709.5

215.5

$30

70.0

72.0

289

Y61%

76%

0.3

3406.2

3155.3

251.0

$35

68.0

70.0

345

Y55%

77%

0.3

3772.5

3494.5

278.0

$39

66.0

68.0

465

Y50%

77%

0.3

4517.3

4184.4

332.9

$47

64.0

66.0

360

Y44%

80%

0.3

3253.5

3013.7

239.7

$34

62.0

64.0

363

Y38%

80%

0.2

2847.0

2637.3

209.8

$29

60.0

62.0

379

Y33%

80%

0.2

2543.0

2355.6

187.4

$26

58.0

60.0

253

NN

/A77%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

56.0

58.0

336

NN

/A79%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

54.0

56.0

278

NN

/A80%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

52.0

54.0

260

NN

/A77%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

50.0

52.0

268

NN

/A79%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

48.0

50.0

553

NN

/A79%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

46.0

48.0

292

NN

/A79%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

44.0

46.0

279

NN

/A80%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

42.0

44.0

277

NN

/A83%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

40.0

42.0

212

NN

/A84%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

38.0

40.0

248

NN

/A78%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

36.0

38.0

236

NN

/A80%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

34.0

36.0

230

NN

/A82%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

32.0

34.0

220

NN

/A79%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

30.0

32.0

398

NN

/A77%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

28.0

30.0

198

NN

/A79%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

26.0

28.0

235

NN

/A79%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

24.0

26.0

238

NN

/A82%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

22.0

24.0

110

NN

/A85%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

20.0

22.0

131

NN

/A84%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

18.0

20.0

100

NN

/A79%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

16.0

18.0

73

NN

/A80%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

14.0

16.0

40

NN

/A83%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

12.0

14.0

64

NN

/A81%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

10.0

12.0

86

NN

/A86%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

8,7

60

33

,33

83

0,8

81

2,4

56

$3

44

To

tals B

in D

ata

Sav

ing

sT

em

p B

ou

nd

arie

sH

rs D

ry

Bu

lb (2

4/7

)

PT

AC

Op

era

tion

Base

line

Pro

po

se

d


ECM 7a: Upgrade Heating and Domestic Hot Water System

Lo

w T

em

p (°F

)H

igh

Te

mp

(°F)

He

atin

g A

ctiv

atio

nHe

atin

g H

ot W

ate

r Te

mp

era

tureH

eatin

g C

ap

acity

(BT

U/H

r)D

ive

rsity

Facto

r (%)

Natu

ral G

as (T

he

rm)

Co

nd

en

sin

gN

atu

ral G

as (T

he

rm)

Natu

ral G

as (T

he

rm)

Co

st S

av

ing

s ($

)

94.0

96.0

14

NN

/AN

/A72%

N/A

NN

/AN

/AN

/A

92.0

94.0

12

NN

/AN

/A71%

N/A

NN

/AN

/AN

/A

90.0

92.0

11

NN

/AN

/A72%

N/A

NN

/AN

/AN

/A

88.0

90.0

29

NN

/AN

/A76%

N/A

NN

/AN

/AN

/A

86.0

88.0

22

NN

/AN

/A76%

N/A

NN

/AN

/AN

/A

84.0

86.0

77

NN

/AN

/A72%

N/A

NN

/AN

/AN

/A

82.0

84.0

65

NN

/AN

/A72%

N/A

NN

/AN

/AN

/A

80.0

82.0

93

NN

/AN

/A73%

N/A

NN

/AN

/AN

/A

78.0

80.0

112

NN

/AN

/A73%

N/A

NN

/AN

/AN

/A

76.0

78.0

93

NN

/AN

/A70%

N/A

NN

/AN

/AN

/A

74.0

76.0

175

NN

/AN

/A71%

N/A

NN

/AN

/AN

/A

72.0

74.0

241

NN

/AN

/A70%

N/A

NN

/AN

/AN

/A

70.0

72.0

289

NN

/AN

/A72%

N/A

NN

/AN

/AN

/A

68.0

70.0

345

NN

/AN

/A68%

N/A

NN

/AN

/AN

/A

66.0

68.0

465

NN

/AN

/A68%

N/A

NN

/AN

/AN

/A

64.0

66.0

360

NN

/AN

/A66%

N/A

NN

/AN

/AN

/A

62.0

64.0

363

NN

/AN

/A66%

N/A

NN

/AN

/AN

/A

60.0

62.0

379

NN

/AN

/A66%

N/A

NN

/AN

/AN

/A

58.0

60.0

253

NN

/AN

/A66%

N/A

NN

/AN

/AN

/A

56.0

58.0

336

NN

/AN

/A67%

N/A

NN

/AN

/AN

/A

54.0

56.0

278

NN

/AN

/A67%

N/A

NN

/AN

/AN

/A

52.0

54.0

260

NN

/AN

/A68%

N/A

NN

/AN

/AN

/A

50.0

52.0

268

NN

/AN

/A67%

N/A

NN

/AN

/AN

/A

48.0

50.0

553

Y121

244,6

50

67%

1153.8

Y969.7

184.1

$190

46.0

48.0

292

Y123

267,9

50

66%

657.3

Y552.4

104.9

$108

44.0

46.0

279

Y125

291,2

50

66%

683.1

Y574.1

109.0

$112

42.0

44.0

277

Y127

314,5

50

67%

734.8

Y617.5

117.3

$121

40.0

42.0

212

Y129

337,8

50

64%

583.4

Y490.3

93.1

$96

38.0

40.0

248

Y131

361,1

50

66%

742.9

Y624.3

118.5

$122

36.0

38.0

236

Y133

384,4

50

65%

745.0

Y626.1

118.9

$122

34.0

36.0

230

Y135

407,7

50

68%

802.5

Y674.4

128.1

$132

32.0

34.0

220

Y137

431,0

50

65%

783.2

Y658.2

125.0

$129

30.0

32.0

398

Y139

454,3

50

67%

1536.0

Y1290.9

245.1

$252

28.0

30.0

198

Y141

477,6

50

71%

845.7

Y710.7

135.0

$139

26.0

28.0

235

Y143

500,9

50

66%

979.2

Y823.3

156.0

$161

24.0

26.0

238

Y145

524,2

50

65%

1030.5

Y873.7

156.8

$162

22.0

24.0

110

Y147

547,5

50

64%

484.6

Y414.0

70.6

$73

20.0

22.0

131

Y149

570,8

50

64%

603.6

Y519.3

84.4

$87

18.0

20.0

100

Y151

594,1

50

66%

494.8

N448.0

46.8

$48

16.0

18.0

73

Y153

617,4

50

66%

376.3

N342.0

34.2

$35

14.0

16.0

40

Y155

640,7

50

66%

213.3

N194.6

18.7

$19

12.0

14.0

64

Y157

664,0

50

64%

344.1

N315.0

29.1

$30

10.0

12.0

86

Y159

687,3

50

63%

468.8

N430.5

38.3

$39

To

tals

8,7

60

14

,26

31

2,1

49

2,1

14

$2

,17

7

Base

line

Pro

po

se

dS

av

ing

sB

in D

ata

Te

mp

Bo

un

darie

sH

rs D

ry

Bu

lb (2

4/7

)

Bo

iler O

pe

ratio

n


ECM 7b: Install Rooftop Gas Absorption Chiller

Lo

w T

em

p

(°F)

Hig

h T

em

p

(°F)

Base

Bu

ildin

g

Co

olin

g

(To

ns)

RT

U C

oo

ling

Cap

acity

(To

ns)

Ch

iller

Co

olin

g

Cap

acity

(To

ns)

Re

sid

en

ce

Co

olin

g

(To

ns)

Div

ers

ity

Facto

r (%)

Ad

juste

d

Re

sid

en

ce

Co

olin

g

(To

ns)

Ele

ctric

(kW

h)

Base

Bu

ildin

g

Co

olin

g

(To

ns)

Ad

juste

d

Re

sid

en

ce

Co

olin

g

(To

ns)

Ele

ctric

(kW

h)

Natu

ral G

as

(Th

erm

s)

Ele

ctric

(kW

h)

Natu

ral G

as

(Th

erm

s)

Co

st ($

)

94.0

96.0

14

7Y

100%

43

20

23

27

58%

16

611

43

16

42

103

569

-103

-$27

92.0

94.0

12

7Y

100%

43

20

23

27

57%

15

572

43

15

36

96

536

-96

-$24

90.0

92.0

11

9Y

100%

43

20

23

27

58%

16

664

43

16

33

111

631

-111

-$26

88.0

90.0

29

24

Y100%

43

20

23

27

63%

17

1,8

06

43

17

87

303

1,7

20

-303

-$72

86.0

88.0

22

21

Y100%

43

20

23

27

64%

17

1,5

20

43

17

66

255

1,4

55

-255

-$59

84.0

86.0

77

61

Y100%

43

20

23

27

64%

17

4,6

67

43

17

230

784

4,4

38

-784

-$186

82.0

84.0

65

44

Y94%

41

19

22

25

63%

16

3,3

41

41

16

194

562

3,1

47

-562

-$139

80.0

82.0

93

54

Y89%

38

18

20

24

66%

16

4,1

48

38

16

278

700

3,8

70

-700

-$179

78.0

80.0

112

58

Y83%

36

17

19

22

69%

16

4,4

77

36

16

334

758

4,1

43

-758

-$200

76.0

78.0

93

38

Y78%

33

16

18

21

68%

14

3,0

29

33

14

278

514

2,7

51

-514

-$144

74.0

76.0

175

85

Y72%

31

14

17

19

68%

13

5,7

97

31

13

522

982

5,2

75

-982

-$273

72.0

74.0

241

120

Y66%

29

13

15

18

71%

13

7,6

44

29

13

719

1,2

95

6,9

25

-1,2

95

-$364

70.0

72.0

289

125

Y61%

26

12

14

16

76%

12

8,0

30

26

12

862

1,3

64

7,1

68

-1,3

64

-$402

68.0

70.0

345

125

Y55%

24

11

13

15

77%

12

8,1

07

24

12

1,0

29

1,3

82

7,0

77

-1,3

82

-$432

66.0

68.0

465

165

Y50%

21

10

11

13

77%

10

9,6

67

21

10

1,3

88

1,6

48

8,2

79

-1,6

48

-$538

64.0

66.0

360

100

Y44%

19

910

12

80%

10

6,1

87

19

10

1,0

74

1,0

59

5,1

13

-1,0

59

-$375

62.0

64.0

363

85

Y38%

17

89

10

80%

85,1

10

17

81,0

83

877

4,0

27

-877

-$339

60.0

62.0

379

93

Y33%

14

78

980%

74,6

34

14

71,1

31

794

3,5

03

-794

-$328

58.0

60.0

253

75

NN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/A77%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

56.0

58.0

336

108

NN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/A79%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

54.0

56.0

278

83

NN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/A80%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

52.0

54.0

260

108

NN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/A77%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

50.0

52.0

268

115

NN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/A79%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

48.0

50.0

553

189

NN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/A79%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

46.0

48.0

292

91

NN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/A79%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

44.0

46.0

279

78

NN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/A80%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

42.0

44.0

277

70

NN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/A83%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

40.0

42.0

212

40

NN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/A84%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

38.0

40.0

248

76

NN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/A78%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

36.0

38.0

236

51

NN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/A80%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

34.0

36.0

230

76

NN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/A82%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

32.0

34.0

220

62

NN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/A79%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

30.0

32.0

398

130

NN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/A77%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

28.0

30.0

198

72

NN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/A79%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

26.0

28.0

235

58

NN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/A79%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

24.0

26.0

238

57

NN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/A82%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

22.0

24.0

110

19

NN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/A85%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

20.0

22.0

131

22

NN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/A84%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

18.0

20.0

100

26

NN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/A79%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

16.0

18.0

73

21

NN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/A80%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

14.0

16.0

40

9N

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

83%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

12.0

14.0

64

13

NN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/A81%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

10.0

12.0

86

12

NN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/AN

/A86%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

8,7

60

2,8

82

80

,00

99

,38

51

3,5

87

70

,62

4-1

3,5

87

-$4

,10

8

Sav

ing

sT

em

p B

ou

nd

arie

s

Hrs

Dry

Bu

lb (2

4/7

)

Pro

po

se

d C

oo

ling

To

tals

Bin

Data

Hrs

Dry

Bu

lb (8

A-7

P

M-F

)

Co

olin

g A

ctiv

ate

dC

oo

ling

Cap

acity

(%)

Base

line

Co

olin

g

Co

olin

g S

av

ing

s


Lo

w T

em

p (°F

)H

igh

Te

mp

(°F)

He

atin

g A

ctiv

atio

nH

eatin

g H

ot W

ate

r Te

mp

era

ture

He

atin

g C

ap

acity

(BT

U/H

r)D

ive

rsity

Facto

r (%)

Natu

ral G

as (T

he

rm)

Natu

ral G

as (T

he

rm)

Natu

ral G

as (T

he

rm)

Co

st S

av

ing

s ($

)

94.0

96.0

14

NN

/AN

/A72%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

92.0

94.0

12

NN

/AN

/A71%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

90.0

92.0

11

NN

/AN

/A72%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

88.0

90.0

29

NN

/AN

/A76%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

86.0

88.0

22

NN

/AN

/A76%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

84.0

86.0

77

NN

/AN

/A72%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

82.0

84.0

65

NN

/AN

/A72%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

80.0

82.0

93

NN

/AN

/A73%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

78.0

80.0

112

NN

/AN

/A73%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

76.0

78.0

93

NN

/AN

/A70%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

74.0

76.0

175

NN

/AN

/A71%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

72.0

74.0

241

NN

/AN

/A70%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

70.0

72.0

289

NN

/AN

/A72%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

68.0

70.0

345

NN

/AN

/A68%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

66.0

68.0

465

NN

/AN

/A68%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

64.0

66.0

360

NN

/AN

/A66%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

62.0

64.0

363

NN

/AN

/A66%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

60.0

62.0

379

NN

/AN

/A66%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

58.0

60.0

253

NN

/AN

/A66%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

56.0

58.0

336

NN

/AN

/A67%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

54.0

56.0

278

NN

/AN

/A67%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

52.0

54.0

260

NN

/AN

/A68%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

50.0

52.0

268

NN

/AN

/A67%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

48.0

50.0

553

Y121

244,6

50

67%

1153.8

723.4

430.4

$443

46.0

48.0

292

Y123

267,9

50

66%

657.3

412.1

245.2

$253

44.0

46.0

279

Y125

291,2

50

66%

683.1

428.3

254.8

$262

42.0

44.0

277

Y127

314,5

50

67%

734.8

460.7

274.1

$282

40.0

42.0

212

Y129

337,8

50

64%

583.4

365.8

217.6

$224

38.0

40.0

248

Y131

361,1

50

66%

742.9

465.8

277.1

$285

36.0

38.0

236

Y133

384,4

50

65%

745.0

467.1

277.9

$286

34.0

36.0

230

Y135

407,7

50

68%

802.5

503.1

299.3

$308

32.0

34.0

220

Y137

431,0

50

65%

783.2

491.0

292.1

$301

30.0

32.0

398

Y139

454,3

50

67%

1536.0

963.1

573.0

$590

28.0

30.0

198

Y141

477,6

50

71%

845.7

530.2

315.5

$325

26.0

28.0

235

Y143

500,9

50

66%

979.2

614.0

365.3

$376

24.0

26.0

238

Y145

524,2

50

65%

1030.5

646.1

384.4

$396

22.0

24.0

110

Y147

547,5

50

64%

484.6

303.8

180.8

$186

20.0

22.0

131

Y149

570,8

50

64%

603.6

378.5

225.2

$232

18.0

20.0

100

Y151

594,1

50

66%

494.8

310.2

184.6

$190

16.0

18.0

73

Y153

617,4

50

66%

376.3

235.9

140.4

$145

14.0

16.0

40

Y155

640,7

50

66%

213.3

133.7

79.6

$82

12.0

14.0

64

Y157

664,0

50

64%

344.1

215.7

128.4

$132

10.0

12.0

86

Y159

687,3

50

63%

468.8

293.9

174.9

$180

8,7

60

14

,26

38

,94

35

,32

0$

5,4

80

Base

line

Sav

ing

sP

rop

ose

dT

em

p B

ou

nd

arie

s

Hrs

Dry

Bu

lb (2

4/7

)

Bo

iler O

pe

ratio

n

To

tals

Bin

Data

He

atin

g S

av

ing

s

Base

line

Pro

po

se

d

Sp

ace

Typ

eA

ve

rag

e D

aily

Un

itQ

uan

tityU

nit

To

tal

(Gallo

ns/D

ay)

De

lta T

(°F)

Daily

DH

W L

oad

(Btu

/Day)

Ele

ctric

ity (k

Wh

)N

atu

ral G

as

(Th

erm

)E

lectric

ity (k

Wh

)N

atu

ral G

as

(Th

erm

)C

ost S

av

ing

s ($

)

Offic

e B

uild

ing

1G

al/P

erso

n150

People

(Offic

e)

150

70

87,4

65

260

6,6

65

180

6,6

65

-180

$747

Apartm

ent H

ouse

(50)

40

Gal/A

partm

ent

36

Apartm

ents

1,4

40

70

839,6

64

365

89,8

23

2,4

32

89,8

23

-2,4

32

$10,0

70

1,5

90

92

7,1

29

62

59

6,4

88

2,6

13

96

,48

8-2

,61

3$

10

,81

7

DH

W E

stim

ate

(AS

HR

AE

90

.1 2

00

7)

To

tal

DH

W S

av

ing

s

Sav

ing

s

Days/Y

ear


APPENDIX F: STATEMENT OF ENERGY PERFORMANCE FROM ENERGY STAR®

SWA could not produce a Statement of Energy Performance (SEP) because one full year of

utility data was not available for the project. However, SWA has created a portfolio manager

account for the property. Homefront is encouraged to keep up-to-date consumption records

of the property to track performance and consumption.

The account can be accessed by going to http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm, selecting

“Login to Portfolio Manager,” and entering the following logon criteria:

Login: homefront

Password: Homefront1

http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm


APPENDIX G: ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES

Assumptions: Discount Rate: 0%; Energy Price Escalation Rate: 0% Note: A 0.0 electrical demand reduction/month indicates that it is very

low/negligible **All incentives are subject to approval, see current program requirements before purchasing equipment**

EC

M #

EC

M D

esc

rip

tio

n

Est

. C

ost

Pre

miu

m (

$)

Est

. In

cen

tiv

es

($)

Net

Est

. E

CM

Co

st w

ith

Incen

tiv

es

($)

1st

Yr

Sav

ing

s (k

Wh

)

Dem

an

d R

ed

ucti

on

/Mo

n

(kW

)

1st

Yr

Sav

ing

s (T

herm

s)

1st

Yr

Sav

ing

s (k

Btu

/Sq

FT

)

Est

. O

pera

tin

g C

ost

, 1

st Y

r

Sav

ing

s ($

)

To

tal

1st

Yr

Sav

ing

s ($

)

Lif

e o

f M

easu

re (

Yr)

Est

. L

ifeti

me C

ost

Sav

ing

s

($)

Sim

ple

Pay

back

(Y

r)

Lif

eti

me R

etu

rn o

n

Inv

est

men

t (%

)

An

nu

al

Retu

rn o

n

Inv

est

men

t (%

)

Inte

rnal

Rate

of

Retu

rn

(%)

Net

Pre

sen

t V

alu

e (

$)

CO

2 R

ed

uced

(lb

s/Y

r)


Unit$650 $414 $236 800 0.0 0 0.1 $0 $112 15 $1,680 2.1 613% 41% 47% $981 1,433

2 Install 2x2 LED Panels $30,947 $13,037 $17,910 55,124 15.1 0 4.5 $439 $8,156 20 $163,127 2.2 811% 41% 46% $93,875 98,700

3 High EfficiencyRooftop Unit $3,609 $1,580 $2,029 3,819 0.0 0 0.3 $0 $535 15 $8,019 3.8 295% 20% 25% $3,807 6,837

4 Install Exterior LED Lamps $12,325 $4,250 $8,075 12,936 5.0 0 1.0 $145 $1,956 20 $39,120 4.1 384% 19% 24% $18,849 23,161


6 High Efficiency PTAC Units $4,064 $1,462 $2,602 2,456 0.0 0 0.2 $0 $344 15 $5,159 7.6 98% 7% 10% $1,192 4,398

7a Heating System Upgrade $32,412 $875 $31,537 0 0.0 2,114 5.0 $0 $2,177 20 $43,545 14.5 38% 2% 3% -$868 23,301


Chiller$162,744 $2,940 $159,804 167,113 0.0 -10,880 -12.3 $0 $12,189 25 $304,735 13.1 91% 4% 6% $40,942 179,285

8 Install T-8 lamps in Storage Shed $1,092 $0 $1,092 211 0.4 0 0.0 $0 $30 25 $739 36.9 -32% -1% -3% -$583 378

$256,049 $26,844 $229,440 248,460 20.5 -8,766 -0.7 $584 $26,339 $578,725 8.7 152% 10% $160,320 348,238Total


APPENDIX H: LIGHTING WORKSHEET

*Operating hours are zero because the building is not currently in use.

# Bui

ldin

g

Leve

l/Fl

oor

Roo

m N

umbe

r

Roo

m T

ype

(opt

iona

l)

Mea

sure

d Li

ghti

ng L

evel

(FC)

(O

ptio

nal)

Lamp Type Lamp Wattage # lamps per fixture Ballast Type Fixture Wattage Quantity

Hrs/Day

(weekday)

Hrs/Day

(weekend)

Months used per

year Controls

Annual Energy

Use (kwh/year)

1 Storage Shed 1 n/a n/a n/a T12_Fluorescent 34W 2 Magnetic 65.8 14 0 0 12 Switch 0.0

2 Storage Shed 1 n/a n/a n/a Exit Sign 40W 1 n/a 40 2 0 0 12 Switch 0.0

3 Storage Shed 1 n/a n/a n/a Halogen 250W 1 n/a 250 4 0 0 12 Switch 0.0

4 Auto Garage 1 n/a n/a n/a T8_Fluorescent 25W 2 Electronic 48.1 34 0 0 12 Switch 0.0

5 Auto Garage 1 n/a n/a n/a Exit Sign 40W 1 n/a 40 2 0 0 12 Switch 0.0

6 Auto Garage 1 n/a n/a n/a Halogen 250W 1 n/a 250 8 0 0 12 Switch 0.0

7 Auto Garage 1 n/a n/a n/a Metal_Halide 400W 1 n/a 460 3 0 0 12 Switch 0.0


APPENDIX I: METHOD OF ANALYSIS

Assumptions and tools

Cost estimates: RS Means 2014 (Facilities Maintenance & Repair Cost Data) RS Means 2014 (Building Construction Cost Data) RS Means 2014 (Mechanical Cost Data)

Published and established specialized equipment material and labor costs Cost estimates also based on utility bill analysis and prior experience with similar projects Cost estimates from SWA’s Wallace-Eannace representative

Disclaimer

This engineering audit was prepared using the most current and accurate fuel consumption data available for the site. The estimates that it projects are intended to help guide the owner toward best energy choices. The costs and savings are subject to fluctuations in weather, variations in quality of maintenance, changes in prices of fuel, materials, and labor, and other factors. Although we cannot guarantee savings or costs, we suggest that you use this report for economic analysis of the building and as a means to estimate future cash flow.

THE RECOMMENDATIONS PRESENTED IN THIS REPORT ARE BASED ON THE RESULTS OF ANALYSIS, INSPECTION, AND PERFORMANCE TESTING OF A SAMPLE OF COMPONENTS OF THE BUILDING SITE. ALTHOUGH CODE-RELATED ISSUES MAY BE NOTED, SWA STAFF HAVE NOT COMPLETED A COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION FOR CODE-COMPLIANCE OR HEALTH AND SAFETY ISSUES. THE OWNER(S) AND MANAGER(S) OF THE BUILDING(S) CONTAINED IN THIS REPORT ARE REMINDED THAT ANY IMPROVEMENTS SUGGESTED IN THIS SCOPE OF WORK MUST BE PERFORMED IN ACCORDANCE WITH ALL LOCAL, STATE, AND FEDERAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS THAT APPLY TO SAID WORK. PARTICULAR ATTENTION MUST BE PAID TO ANY WORK WHICH INVOLVES HEATING AND AIR MOVEMENT SYSTEMS, AND ANY WORK WHICH WILL INVOLVE THE DISTURBANCE OF PRODUCTS CONTAINING MOLD, ASBESTOS, OR LEAD.

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