Court File No.: 35203

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF CANADA

IN THE MATTER OF Section 53 of the Supreme Court Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. S-26;

AND IN THE MATTER OF a Reference by the Governor in Council concerning reform of the Senate, as set out in Order in Council P.C. 2013-70, dated February 1, 2013

DANS LA COUR SUPREME DU CANADA

DANS L' AFFAIRE DE l'article 53 de la Loi sur fa Cour supreme, L.R .C. 1985, ch. S-26 ;

ET DANS L' AFFAIRE D'UN renvoi par Ie Gouverneur en conseil concernant la reforme du Senat tel que formule dans Ie decret C.P. 2013-70 en date du 1 er fevrier 2013

REPLY RECORD / DOSSIER EN REPLIQUE ATTORNEY GENERAL OF CANADA / PROCUREUR GENERAL DU

CANADA

VOLUME XVI

(Pursuant to Rule 46 of the Rules of the Supreme Court of Canadal RegIe 46 des Regles de la Cour supreme du Canada)

Robert J. Frater Christopher M. Rupar Warren J. Newman

William F. Pentney Deputy Attorney General of CanadaiSous-procureur general du Canada Department of Justice CanadaiMinistere de la Justice Canada 234 rue Wellington Street, Tour Est lEast Tower, Room 1161, Piece 1161 Ottawa, ON KIA OH8 Tel: (613) 957-4763 Fax: (613) 954-1920 robert.frater@justice.gc.ca

Counsel for the Attorney General of Canada/Procureurs du procureur general du Canada

ORIGINAL TO:

TO:

TO:

TO:

TO:

TO:

THE REGISTRAR

Burke-Robertson Barristers & Solicitors 441 MacLaren St., Suite 200 Ottawa, Ontario K2P 2H3 Per: Robert E. Houston, Q.C. Tel: (613) 566-2058 Fax: (613) 235-4430 Email: rhouston@burkerobertson.com

Agents for the Attorneys General of British Columbia, Ontario, and Newfoundland & Labrador

Gowling Lafleur Henderson LLP 2600 - 160 Elgin Street Ottawa, Ontario KIP 1 C3 Per: Henry S. Brown, Q.C. / Brian A. Crane, Q.C. Tel: (613) 786-0139/ (613) 786-0107 Fax: (613) 563-9869/ (613) 788-3500 Email: henry.brown@gowlings.com/Brian.Crane@gowlings.com

Agents for the Attorneys General of Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, and the Minister of Justice for Northwest Territories, and Nunavut

Noel & Associes 111, rue Champlain Gatineau, QC J8X 3RI Per: Pierre Landry Tel: (819) 771-7393 Fax: (819) 771-5397 Email: p.landry@noelassocies.com

Agent for the Attorney General of Quebec

Daniel Jutras University of McGill 3644 Peel Montreal, Quebec H3A lW9 Tel: (514) 398-6604 Fax: (514) 398-4659 Email: daniel.jutras@mcgill.ca

Amicus curiae

Supreme Advocacy LLP 397 Gladstone Avenue, Suite 1 Ottawa, Ontario K2P OY9 Per: Marie-France Major

TO:

TO:

TO:

TO:

Tel: (613) 695-8855 ext: 102 Fax: (613) 695-8580 Email: mfmajor@supremeadvocacy.ca

Agent for Amicus curiae, John Hunter, Q.c.

The Honourable Serge Joyal, Senator, P.C. 250 East Block, Parliament of Canada Ottawa, Ontario KIA OA4 Tel: 613-943-0434 Fax: 613-943-0441 E-mail: joyals@sen.parl.gc.ca

Intervener

Heenan Blaikie LLP 300- 55 Metcalfe Street Ottawa, Ontario KIP 6L5 Per: Mark C. Power

Jennifer Klinck Perri Ravon Sebastien Grammond, Ad.E.

Telephone: (613) 236-7908 FAX: (866) 296-8395 E-mail: mpower@heenan.ca

Counsel for the Intervener, Federation des communautes francophones et acadienne du Canada

Heenan Blaikie LLP 300-55 Metcalfe Street Ottawa, Ontario KIP 6L5 Per: Perri Ravon Telephone: (613) 236-8071 FAX: (613) 236-9632 E-mail: pravon@heenan.ca

Agent for the Intervener, Societe de l'Acadie du Nouveau-Brunswick Inc.

Stikeman Elliott LLP 1600 - 50 O'Connor Street Ottawa, Ontario KIP 6L2 Per: Nicholas Peter McHaffie Telephone: (613) 566-0546 FAX: (613) 230-8877 E-mail: nmchaffie@stikeman.com

Agent for the Intervener, Anne C. Cools, Senator

TABLE OF CONTENTS/TABLE DES MATIERES

DESCRIPTION OF DOCUMENTS

PART I - THE REFERENCE QUESTIONS

Certificate of Counsel

Order-in-Council and annexed schedule

PART II - LEGISLATION

a) Proposed i) Referred to in the Reference

Questions

Bill C-7, An Act respecting the selection of senators and amending the Constitution Act, 1867 in respect of Senate term limits

Bill S-4, An Act to amend the Constitution Act, 1867 (Senate tenure)

Bill C-20, An Act to provide for consultations with electors on their preferencesfor appointments to the Senate

ii) Not Referred to in the Reference Questions

VOLUME I

DESCRIPTION DES DOCUMENTS

PARTIE I - QUESTIONS POSEES DANS LE RENVOI

L'attestation du procureur

Decret et annexe jointe

PARTIE 11- MESURES LEGISLATIVES

a) Proposees i) Qui sont mentionnees dans

les questions posees dans Ie renvoi

Projet de loi C-7, Loi concernant la selection des senateurs et mod~fiant la Loi constitutionnelle de 1867 relativement a la limitation de la duree du mandat des senateurs

Projet de loi S-4, Loi nLOd~fiant la Loi constitutionnelle de 1867 (duree du mandat des senateurs)

Projet de loi C-20, Loi prevoyant fa consultation des electeurs en ce qui touche leurs choix concernant fa nomination des senateurs

ii) Qui ne sont pas mentionnees dans les questions posees dans Ie renvoi

Tab! Page Onglet

A 1

1 2

2 8

3 32

4 38

11

Bill C-l 0, An Act to amend the Projet de loi C-lO, Loi mod(fiant la 5 100 Constitution Act, 1867 (Senate term Loi constitutionnelle de 1867 limits) (limitation de la duree du mandat des

senateur.s)

Bill S-7, An Act to amend the Projet de loi S-7, Loi modifzant la Loi 6 106 Constitution Act, 1867 (Senate term constitutionnelle de 1867 (limitation limits) de la duree du mandat des senateurs)

Bill S-8, An Act respecting the Projet de loi S-8, Loi concernant fa 7 112 selection of Senators selection des senateurs

Bill C-19, An Act to amend the Projet de loi C-19, Loi modifzant la 8 134 Constitution Act, 1867 (Senate Loi constitutionnelle de 1867 (duree tenure) du mandat des senateurs)

Bill C-43, An Act to provide for Projet de loi C-43, Loi prevoyant la 9 140 consultations with electors on their consultation des electeurs en ce qui preferencesfor appointments to the touche leurs choix concernant la Senate nomination des senateurs

Bill S-215, An Act to amend the Projet de loi S-215, Loi mod(fiant la 10 200 Constitution Act, 1867 (Property Loi constitutionnelle de 1867 qualifications of Senators) and (qualifzcation des senateurs en Constitution Act, 1867-Notice of matiere de propriete) et La Loi Motion to Amend Real Property constitutionnelle de 1867-A vis de Provisions for Senators (Quebec: motion tendant a modifier les electoral divisions and real property dispositions concernant les biens qualifications of Senators) fonciers des senateurs (Quebec:

colleges electoraux et qualification fonciere des senateurs)

Bill S-229, An Act to amend the Projet de loi S-229, Loi modifzant fa 11 211 Constitution Act, 1867 (Property Loi constitutionnelle de 1867 qualifications of Senators) and (qualifzcation des senateurs en Constitution Act, 1867- Motion to matiere de propriete) et La Loi Amend Real Property Provisions for constitutionnelle de 1867-motion Senators (Quebec: electoral divisions tendant a modifier les dispositions and real property qualifications of concernant les biens fonciers des Senators) senateurs (Quebec: colleges

electoraux et qualification fonciere des senateurs)

111

VOLUME II

b) Former b) Anciennes

Constitution Act, 1965, S.C. 1965, Loi constitutionnelle de 1965, L.c. 12 1 c.4 1965, ch. 4

Bill C-60, An Act to amend the Bill C-60, Loi modifiant la 13 3 Constitution of Canada with respect Constitution du Canada dans certains to matters coming within the domaines ressortissant it la legislative authority of the competence legislative du Parlement Parliament of Canada, and to du Canada et prevoyant les mesures approve and authorize the taking of necessaires it la modification de la measures necessary for the Constitution dans certains autres amendment of the Constitution with domaines respect to certain other matters

An Act respecting constitutional Loi concernant les modifications 14 73 amendments, S.C. 1996, c. 1 constitutionnelles, L.C. 1996, ch. 1

Constitution Amendment, 1985 Modification constitutionnelle, 1985 15 77 (Powers of Senate)(resolution) (pouvoirs du Senat)(resolution)

PART III - REPORTS/STUDIES PARTIE 111-OF SENATE BY PARLIAMENT RAPPORTS/ETUDES OR GOVERNMENT RELATIVEMENT AU SENAT

PAR LE PARLEMENT OU LE GOUVERNMENT

Parliament, Special Joint Committee Legislature, Comite special mixte du 16 81 of the Senate and of the House of Senat et de la Chambre des Commues Commons on the Constitution of sur la Constitution du Canada Canada (1972) (Chairs: Gildas (Copresidents: Gildas Molgat, Mark Molgat, Mark MacGuigan) (In part) MacGuigan)( extraits)

Standing Senate Committee on Legal Le comite senatorial permanent des 17 127 and Constitutional Affairs, Report on affaires juri diques et Certain Aspects of the Canadian constitutionnelles, Rapport sur Constitution (November 1980) certains aspects de la Constitution (Chair: H. Carl Goldenberg) canadienne (novembre 1980) (Lamontagne Report) (President: H. Carl Goldenberg)

(Rapport Lamontagne)

IV

VOLUME III

Parliament, Minutes of Proceedings Legislature, Proces-verbaux et 18 1 and Evidence of the Special Joint temoignages du Comite mixte special Committee of the Senate and of the du Senat et de la Chambre des House of Commons on the communes sur la Constitution du Constitution of Canada (February 13, Canada (13 fevrier 1981) 1981) (Chairs: Harry Hays, Serge (Copresidents : Harry Hays, Serge Joyal) (In Part) Joyal) (extraits)

Parliament, Report of the Special Legislature, Rapport du Comite mixte 19 56 Joint Committee of the Senate and special du Senat et de la Chambre des the House of Commons on Senate communes sur la Reforme du Senat Reform (January 1984) (Chairs: (janvier 1984) (Copresidents : Gildas Gildas Molgat, Paul Cosgrove) Molgat, Paul Cosgrove)

VOLUME IV

The History of Canada 's Histoire de l'evolution 20 1 Constitutional Development, 1991, constitutionnelle du Canada, 1991, Minister of Supply and Services Ministre des Approvisionnements et Canada Services Canada

Shaping Canada's Future Together- Biitir ensemble I 'avenir du Canada- 21 38 Proposals, 1991, Minister of Supply Propositions, 1991, Ministre des and Services Canada (In part) Approvisionnements et Services

Canada (extraits)

Responsive Institutions for a Modern Des institutions au service d'un 22 68 Canada, 1991, Minister of Supply Canada moderne, 1991, Ministre des and Services Canada Approvisionnements et Services

Canada

VOLUME V

Parliament, Report of the Special Legislature, Rapport du Comite mixte 23 1 Joint Committee of the Senate and special du Senat et de la Chambre des the House of Commons: The process communes: Le processus de for Amending the Constitution of modification de la constitution du Canada, (June 1991) (Chairs: Gerald Canada, (juin 1991) (Copresidents : Beaudoin, Jim Edwards) Gerald Beaudoin, Jim Edwards)

v

VOLUME VI

Parliament, Report of the Special Legislature, Rapport du Comite mixte 24 1 Joint Committee on a Renewed special du Senat et de la Chambre des Canada, (February 28, 1992) (Chairs: communes sur un Canada renouvete, Gerald Beaudoin, Dorothy Dobbie) (28 fevrier 1992) (Copresidents : (In part) Gerald Beaudoin, Dorothy Dobbie)

(extraits)

Senate, Special Senate Committee on Senat, Comite senatorial special sur 25 68 Senate Reform Report on the subject la reforme du Senat Rapport sur la -matter of Bill S-4, An Act to amend teneur du projet de loi S-4, Loi the Constitution Act, 1867 (Senate modifiant la Loi constitutionnelle de Tenure), (October 2006) (Chair: 1867 (duree du mandat des Daniel Hays, Deputy Chair: w. senateurs), (octobre 2006) (President: David Angus) Daniel Hays; Vice-president: w.

David Angus)

VOLUME VII

Senate, Special Senate Committee on Senat, Comite senatorial special sur 26 1 Senate Reform, Report on the motion la reforme du Senat, Rapport sur la to amend the Constitution of Canada motion pour modifier la Constitution (western regional representation in du Canada (la representation des the Senate) (October 2006) (Chair: provinces de l' ouest au Sinat) Daniel Hays; Deputy Chair: w. (octobre 2006) (President: Daniel David Angus) Hays; Vice-president: w. David

Angus)

Senate, Proceedings of the Standing Senat, Deliberations du Comite 27 52 Committee on Legal and senatorial permanent des Affaires Constitutional Affairs, Issue No. 30, juridiques et constitutionnelles, June 6, 2007, including the Fascicule n. 30, 6 juin 2007, y Thirteenth Report of the Committee compris Ie treizieme rapport du (Bill SA), June 12, 2007 Comite (Ie projet de loi S-4), 12 juin

2007

Vi

VOLUME VIII

PART IV - CONSTITUTIONAL PARTIE IV - ACCORDS ACCORDS - FIRST MINISTERS' CONSTITUTIONNELS -MEETINGS REUNIONS DES PREMIERS

MINISTRES

A Guide to the Meech Lake Guide de I' Accord constitutionnel du 28 1 Constitutional Accord, 1987 lac Meech, 1987

Consensus Report on the Rapport du consensus sur la 29 44 Constitution, Charlottetown, August Constitution, Charlottetown, Ie 28 28, 1992 (Charlottetown Accord, aout 1992 (Charlottetown, projet de Draft Legal Text, October 9, 1992- in texte juridique, Ie 9 octobre 1992-part) extraits)

Constitutional Conference - Victoria Conference constitutionnelle de 30 140 (1971) Victoria (1971)

VOLUME IX

PART V - ADDITIONAL PARTIE V - AUTRES RAPPORTS REPORTS AND STUDIES ETETUDES

The Task Force on Canadian Unity, A La Commission de l'unite canadienne, 31 1 Future Together: Observations and Se Retrouver : Observations et Recommendations, (January 1979) recommandations, (janvier 1979) (Chairs: Jean-Luc Pepin, John P. (Copresidents : Jean-Luc Pepin, John Robarts) (In part) P. Robarts) (extraits)

Parliament, Report of the Special Legislature, Rapport du comite mixte 32 100 Joint Committee of the Senate and special du Senat et de la Chambre des the House of Commons on the 1987 commues sur I 'entente Constitutional Accord, (September constitutionnelle de 1987, (septembre 1987) (Chairs: Arthur Tremblay, 1987) (Copresidents : Arthur Chris Speyer) (In part) Tremblay, Chris Speyer) (extraits)

Royal Commission on the Economic Commission royale sur l'union 33 140 Union and Development Prospects economique et les perspectives de for Canada, Report, Vol. III, Ottawa, developpement du Canada, Rapport, 1985 (MacDonald Commission) Vol. III, Ottawa, 1985 (extraits) (In part)

Vll

VOLUME X

Peter McCormick, Ernest C. 34 1 Manning and Gordon Gibson, Regional Representation: The Canadian Partnership- A Task Force Report (Calgary: Canada West Foundation, 1981) (In part) (extraits)

Alberta Select Special Committee on 35 55 Upper House Reform, Strengthening Canada: Reform of Canada 's Senate, Edmonton, March 1985 (In part) (extraits)

VOLUME XI

PART VI - SUBMISSIONS PARTIE VI - EXPOSES ET MEMOIRES

a) Special Senate Committee a) Comite senatorial special

Submission by Gerard W. Horgan Memoire de Gerard W. Horgan 36 1

Submission by Neil Sutherland Memoire de Neil Sutherland 37 11

Essay by John K. Walker Memoire de John K. Walker 38 23

Briefby David Goetz, July 18, 2006 Memoire de David Goetz, 18 juillet 39 50 2006

Letter from Premier Danny Williams, Lettre du premier ministre Danny 40 68 Government of Newfoundland and Williams, Gouvernement de Terre-Labrador, August 18, 2006 Neuve et du Labrador, 18 aout 2006

Briefby C.E.S. Francks (Ned), Memoire de C.E.S. Franks (Ned), 6 41 72 September 6, 2006 septembre 2006

Statement of Janet Ajzenstat, Apen;u de la declaration de Janet 42 90 September 6, 2006 Ajzenstat, 6 septembre 2006

Briefby Roderic Beaujot, September Memoire de Roderic Beaujot, 6 43 92

Vlll

6,2006 septembre 2006

Notes for a presentation of Leslie Notes en vue d'un expose de Leslie 44 105 Seidle, September 6, 2006 Seidle, 6 septembre 2006

Letter by Timothy C. S. Hemmings, Lettre de Timothy C. S. Hemmings, 45 113 September 12, 2006 12 septembre 2006

Letter by Premier Joseph Handley, Lettre du premier ministre Joseph 46 134 Government ofthe Northwest Handley, Gouvernement des Territories, September 12, 2006 Territoires du Nord-Ouest, 12

septembre 2006

Memorandum by Errol P. Mendes, Memoire d'Errol P. Mendes, 16 47 136 September 16, 2006 septembre 2006

Written brief by Gerald Baier, Memoire de Gerald Baier, 19 48 147 September 19, 2006 septembre 2006

Presentation by Roger Gibbins, Expose de Roger Gibbins, 19 49 164 September 19,2006 septembre 2006

Presentation by Andrew Heard, Expose d' Andrew Heard, 19 50 173 September 19,2006 septembre 2006

VOLUME XII

Briefby Philip Resnick, September Memoire de Philip Resnick, 19 51 1 19,2006 septembre 2006

Notes for a presentation by Gordon Notes pour un expose de Gordon 52 14 Gibson, September 20, 2006 Gibson, 20 septembre 2006

Essay by Peter W. Hogg, September Memoire de Peter W. Hogg, 20 53 27 20,2006 septembre 2006

Presentation by Peter McCormick, Presentation de Peter McCormick, 20 54 33 September 20, 2006 septembre 2006

Essay by Daniel Pellerin, September Memoire de Daniel Pellerin, 20 55 42 20,2006 septembre 2006

Notes for a presentation of Richard Notes en vue d'un expose par Richard 56 49

ix

Simeon, September 20, 2006 Simeon, 20 septembre 2006

Submission by David E. Smith, Memoire de David E. Smith, 20 57 75 September 20, 2006 septembre 2006

Submission of John D. Whyte, Memoire de John D. Whyte, 20 58 85 September 20, 2006 septembre 2006

Essay by Gerald-A. Beaudoin, Memoire de Gerald-A. Beaudoin, 21 59 108 September 21, 2006 septembre 2006

Evidence of Marie Bountrogianni, 60 114 Minister of Intergovernmental Affairs and Responsible for Democratic Renewal, Government of Ontario, September 21, 2006

Intervention de Benoit Pelletier, 61 118 ministre responsable des Affaires intergouvemementales canadiennes, de la Francophonie canadienne, de l' Accord sur Ie commerce interieur, de la Reforme des institutions democratiques et de l' Acces a l'information, Gouvemement du Quebec, 21 septembre 2006

Notes for evidence of Stephen A. Notes pour la presentation de Stephen 62 128 Scott, and Additional Points for A. Scott, et points additionnel de Senate hearing, September 21, 2006 l' audience du Senat, 21 septembre

2006

Letter from Guy Tremblay, Lettre de Guy Tremblay, 21 septembre 63 142 September 21, 2006 2006

Letter from Harry Van Mulligen, Lettre de Harry Van Mulligen, 64 144 Minister of Government Relations, ministre des Relations Government of Saskatchewan, intergouvemementales, September 22, 2006 Gouvemement de 1a Saskatchewan,

22 septembre 2006

Letter from Stephen M. MacLean, Lettre de Stephen M. MacLean, 2 65 148 October 2,2006 octobre 2006

x

Letter from Scott Gardiner, October Lettre de Scott Gardiner, 9 octobre 66 154 9,2006 2006

b) Standing Senate Committee b) Comite senatorial permanent

Presentation by Alexandra Presentation par Alexandra 67 158 Dobrowolsky Dobrowolsky

Evidence submission of Gerard W. Memoire de Gerard W. Horgan 68 162 Horgan

Presentation by Errol P. Mendes, Presentation d'Errol P. Mendes, 26 69 172 March 26, 2006 mars 2006

Submission by Henri Bron, Memoire de Henri Bron, 14 septembre 70 184 September 14,2006 2006

VOLUME XIII

Memorandum of Henry S. Brown, Memoire de Henry S. Brown, 21 mars 71 1 March 21, 2007 2007

Presentation of Roger Gibbins, Presentation de Roger Gibbins, 21 72 106 March 21, 2007 mars 2007

Presentation of Andrew Heard, Presentation d' Andrew Heard, 21 73 114 March 21,2007 mars 2007

Letter from Harry Van Mulligen, Lettre de Harry Van Mulligen, 74 131 Minister of Government Relations, ministre des Relations Government of Saskatchewan, March intergouvemementales, 21,2007 Gouvemement de la Saskatchewan,

21 mars 2007

Letter from Premier Lome Calvert, Lettre du premier ministre Lome 75 133 Government of Saskatchewan, March Calvert, Gouvemement de la 21,2007 Saskatchewan, 21 mars 2007

Remarks of Gerard W. Horgan, Remarques de Gerard W. Horgan, 22 76 135 March 22, 2007 mars 2007

Submission of John P. McEvoy, Memoire de John P. McEvoy, 22 mars 77 144 March 22, 2007 2007

xi

Letter from Jean-Charles Belanger, Lettre de Jean-Charles Belanger, 26 78 170 March 26, 2007 mars 2007

Letter from Patrick J. Monahan, Lettre de Patrick J. Monahan, 27 mars 79 174 March 27, 2007 2007

Notes for presentation by Alan C. 80 178 Cairns, March 28, 2007

Notes on Senate Reform of Jennifer Notes sur la reforme du Senat de 81 189 Smith, March 28, 2007 Jennifer Smith, 28 mars 2007

Letter by Jennifer Smith, March 30, Lettre de Jennifer Smith, 30 mars 82 195 2007 2007

VOLUME XIV

Letter from Warren J. Newman, April Lettre de Warren J. Newman, 13 avril, 83 1 13,2007 2007

Letter and Brief of Stephen M. Lettre et memoire de Stephen M. 84 7 MacLean, April 16, 2007 MacLean, 16 avril 2007

Talking points for Video-Conference Points de discussion pour une 85 16 with Legal and Constitutional Affairs videoconference avec Ie Comite Committee, David Smith, April 18, permanent des affaires juridiques et 2007 constitutionnelles, David Smith, 18

avril 2007

Letter from Premier Shawn Graham, Lettre du premier ministre Shawn 86 22 Government of New Brunswick, with Graham, Gouvernement du Nouveau-Position Paper of the Government of Brunswick, avec l'Enonce de principe New Brunswick, April 20, 2007 du gouvernement du Nouveau-

Brunswick, 20 avril 2007

Letter from Premier Paul Okalik, Lettre du premier ministre Paul 87 51 Government ofNunavut, May 18, Okalik, Gouvernement de Nunavut, 2007 18 mai 2007

Letter from Pat Lun on behalf of 88 53 Premier MacDonald, Government of Nova Scotia, May 22, 2007

xii

Letter from Harry Van Mulligen, Lettre de Harry Van Mulligen, 89 54 Minister of Government Relations, ministre des Relations Government of Saskatchewan, May intergouvernementales, 28,2007 Gouvernement de la Saskatchewan,

28 mai 2007

Letter from Marie Bountrogianni, Lettre de Marie Bountrogianni, 90 57 Minister, Government of Ontario, ministre, Gouvernement de l'Ontario, May 30,2007 30 mai 2007

Letter from Premier Danny Williams, Lettre de premier ministre Danny 91 65 Government of Newfoundland and Williams, Gouvernement de Terre-Labrador, May 30, 2007 Neuve et Labrador, 30 mai 2007

Letter from Joan van Dongen, Lettre de Joan van Dongen, ministre 92 71 Minister of State for d'Etat des relations Intergovernmental Relations, intergouvernmentales, Gouvernement Government of British Columbia, de la Colombie-Britannique, 30 mai May 30, 2007 2007

Letter from Benoit Pelletier, Lead Lettre de Benoit Pelletier, ministre 93 75 Minister, Government of Quebec, responsable, Gouvernement du with Brief from the Government of Quebec, avec Ie Memoire du Quebec concerning the federal bills gouvernement du Quebec concernant on the Senate, May 31, 2007 les projets legislatifs federaux sur Ie

Senat, 31 mai 2007

Letter from Peter W. Hogg, June 5, Lettre de Peter W. Hogg, 5 juin 2007 94 100 2007

Letter from Paul Vogt, on behalf of 95 104 Premier Doer, Government of Manitoba, June 7, 2007

Letter from Stephen Green, on behalf 96 107 of Premier MacDonald, Government of Nova Scotia, June 8, 2007

Submission by Peter W. Hogg, April Memoire de Peter W. Hogg, 15 avril 97 108 15,2008 2008

Brief of Charles-Emmanuel Cote, Memoire de Charles-Emmanuel Cote, 98 116 April 30, 2008 30 avril 2008

X11l

Submission by Andrew Heard, May Memoire d' Andrew Heard, 7 mai 99 136 7,2008 2008

Working papers on Senate Reform by Document de travail sur la r<!:forme du 100 145 Ronald L. Watts, May 7, 2008 Senat de Ronald L. Watts, 7 mai 2008

Presentation to the Legislative Presentation au Comite legislative 101 174 Committee on Bill C-20 by Roger concernant Ie projet de loi C-20 par Gibbins, May 14, 2008 Roger Gibbins, 14 mai 2008

Statement by Bert Brown, June 18, Declaration de Bert Brown, 18 juin 102 191 2008 2008

Order in Council dated October 25, Decret date de 25 octobre 1935 - C.P. 103 198 1935 - P. C. 3374 3374

VOLUME XV

The Amendment ofthe Constitution Modification de la Constitution du 104 1 of Canada, The Honourable Guy Canada, L'Honorable Guy Favreau, Favreau, Minister of Justice, Ministre de la Justice, fevrier, 1965 February, 1965

VOLUME XVI

PART VII - REPLY EXPERT PARTIE VII - REPLIQUE REPORTS OF THE ATTORNEY RAPPORT D'EXPERT DE LA GENERAL OF CANADA PROCUREUR GENERAL DU

CANADA

An Expert Opinion on the possible Avis d'expert sur les effets possibles 105 1 effects of Bill C-7 by Christopher P. du projet de loi C-7 par Christopher P. Manfredi, Ph.D., dated June 2013 Manfredi, Ph.D., date de juin 2013

Curriculum Vitae of 202 Christopher P. Manfredi

VOLUME XVII

Expert Report by John A. Stilborn, Rapport d'expert de John A. Stilborn, 106 1 Ph.D., dated May 2013 Ph.D., date de mai 2013

Resume of John A. Stilborn 145

An Expert Opinion on Bill C-7 : An Act Respecting the Selection of Senators and Amending the Constitution 1867 in Respect of Term Limits by Peter McCormick, Ph.D., dated June 7, 2013

XIV

107 149

1

An Expert Opinion on the possible effects of Bill C-7

An Act respecting the selection of senators and amending the Constitution Act, 1867 in

respect of Senate term limits

Christopher P. Manfredi, Ph.D

Dean, Faculty of Arts

Professor, Department of Political Science

McGill University

June 2013

2

BIOGRAPHY

1. Christopher Manfredi is Professor of Political Science and Dean of the Faculty of

Arts at McGill University. He received his BA and MA from the University of Calgary,

as well as an MA and a PhD from Claremont Graduate University in California. Dr.

Manfredi is a scholar and authority on the role of the judiciary in democratic societies,

principally Canada and the United States. His research focuses on political institutions,

the dynamics of constitutional change, and the political and policy impact of rights

litigation.

2. Dr. Manfredi is the author of a number of books, including Contested

Constitutionalism: Reflections on the Charter of Rights and Freedoms (co-editor with

James Kelly, 2009), Judging Democracy (co-author with Mark Rush, 2008), Feminist

Activism in the Supreme Court: Legal Mobilization and the Women's Legal Education

and Action Fund (2004) and Judicial Power and the Charter: Canada and the Paradox of

Liberal Constitutionalism (2d ed., 2001). Feminist Activism in the Supreme Court

received the Canadian Law and Society Association's Annual Best Book Prize and

was shortlisted for the Donner Book Prize. He is also the author of more than 65

articles, chapters, reports and reviews.

3. Dr. Manfredi has held research grants from the Social Sciences and Humanities

Research Council of Canada, the Canadian Institutes for Health Research, the Donner

Canadian Foundation, and the Max Bell Foundation. He is a highly regarded political and

legal commentator. From 2008 to 2013 he was a member of the governing council of the

Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. In 2010, he served on the

special committee to advise the Prime Minister on the appointment of the Governor

General.

1

3

MANDATE

4. I have been asked to prepare an expert opinion in connection with the reference

filed on February 1, 2013 by the Governor in council before the Supreme Court of

Canada concerning the authority of Parliament to reform the Senate.

5. In this opinion I assess whether Bill C-7, representing the federal government's

latest proposal to reform the Senate, will have profound effects on the fundamental

features or essential characteristics of the Senate by affecting the independence of

senators, the representational role of senators, or the review function of the Senate. I

assess whether an election process will alter the regional representation focus of the

Senate and/or diminish the capacity of the Senate to represent minorities or other

politically underrepresented groups such as women, Francophones outside Quebec, and

First Nations peoples. I also assess whether the establishment of nonrenewable fixed

terms affects the independence, continuity, and long-term perspective needed by the

Senate to serve its legislative review function.

2

4

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

6. The essential function of the Senate is to supplement the legal guarantee of

autonomy provided to the provinces by the Constitution Act, 1867 through a national

political institution whose basis of representation is equality of subnational units, and

whose purpose is to protect their interests through independent action. In my opinion,

Bill C-7 does not diminish the Senate's essential function of regional representation,

since it has no effect on the distribution of seats among the divisions or provinces. It is

also my opinion that representation of minorities or other politically underrepresented

groups is not part of the Senate's original function or current reality and therefore

whatever the impact of Bill C-7 on such representation might be it will have no bearing

on the fundamental features or essential characteristics of the Senate. Moreover, the

empirical evidence suggests that the appointive mode of selection for the Senate has not

been materially better at achieving this objective than the elective principle underlying

the House of Commons. Finally, based on an empirical analysis of Senate and House

careers, as well as of the typical length of Parliaments, it is my opinion that instituting a

nonrenewable, nine-year fixed term will not adversely affect the independence,

continuity, and long-term perspective the Senate contributes to the legislative process.

3

5

EXPERT OPINION

7. Bill C-7 proposes to reform the Senate in two ways: (1) by providing an electoral

framework, adopted by provinces and territories at their own discretion, to generate a list

of nominees that must be considered by the Prime Minister in recommending Senate

nominees to the Governor General; and (2) by amending s. 29 (2) of the Constitution Act,

1867 to limit senators to a single term of nine years. In this opinion I do not offer a

normative judgment with respect to whether these reforms are desirable, which is

properly a matter for parliamentary debate. Nor do I offer a legal opinion on which, if

any, constitutional amending procedure applies to the reforms proposed in Bill C-7. This

is presumably the question that the court will determine on the basis of the arguments and

evidence, including expert opinion, presented before it. 1 My opinion is restricted to

considering the combined effects of a term limit and an elective dimension to Senate

appointment on the independence of senators, their representational role, the review

function of the Senate, the Senate's regional representation focus, and the capacity of the

Senate to represent groups such as women, First Nations people, and Francophones

outside Quebec.

8. My opinion contains two separate parts, each of which responds to some degree to

expert opinions prepared on behalf of the Government of Quebec and others. In Part 1, I

consider the impact of introducing an elective element to the senatorial appointment

process on the Senate's representational function and the independence of senators. I

also look more closely at Canada's only experience with an elective dimension to

senatorial selection-Alberta-for an empirical sense of the nature of those elections, the

candidates they attracted, and the characteristics of the senators ultimately appointed on

1 I do offer a political opinion, based on my understanding of the Senate's need for independence, continuity and long-term perspective-with respect to the government's assertion that the proposed amendment to s. 29(2) of the Constitution Act; 1867 can proceed through s. 44 of the Constitution Act; 1982.

4

6

the basis of this process. Although the experience is limited, there is nothing in it to

suggest that the elective process has produced senators significantly different from the

purely nominative process that prevails in other provinces. In this part I argue that there

is nothing explicit in Bill C-7 that would detract from the Senate's fundamental features

or characteristics in these areas. Bill C-7 does not diminish the ability of senators to

perform their roles free from fear that their actions will jeopardize their senatorial careers.

Nor does Bill C-7 diminish the Senate's essential function of regional representation. In

this regard, I also consider the Senate's representational role with respect to minorities or

other politically underrepresented groups. I argue: (1) that this is not part of the Senate's

original function; and (2) that the empirical evidence suggests that, even if one considers

this a fundamental feature or essential characteristic of the contemporary Senate, the

appointive mode of selection for the Senate has not been materially better at achieving

this objective than the elective principle underlying the House of Commons.

9. In Part 2 of my opinion I consider the impact of instituting a nonrenewable, nine­

year fixed term through constitutional amendment according to s. 44 of the Constitution

Act, 1982. I pay particular attention to the impact of this change on the independence,

continuity, and long-term perspective that the Senate contributes to the legislative

process. On the basis of an empirical analysis of Senate and Commons careers, as well as

on the typical length of Parliaments, I conclude that this change is immaterial to these

essential features and characteristics of the Senate. I also demonstrate that there is other

professional opinion to this effect, even among experts who are otherwise skeptical

toward Bill C-7. In fact, as I demonstrate later in my report, one of the experts for the

Government of Quebec-David Smith-has proposed in his academic writings precisely

what is contained in Bill C-7: the introduction through s. 44 of the Constitution Act, 1982

of a nonrenewable fixed term.

5

7

PART 1: INTRODUCING AN ELECTIVE ELEMENT

10. Part 1 of Bill C-7 contains two provisions. First, it establishes a framework for

the selection of Senate nominees-set out in an attached schedule-in which the key

component is the selection of provincial or territorial Senate nominees through election.

Second, where provinces or territories have chosen to select their Senate nominees

through this framework, Bill C-7 provides that the Prime Minister, in recommending

Senate nominees to the Governor General, "must consider names from the most current

list of Senate nominees selected for that province or territory." Three principal objections

have been raised to Bill C-7. First, that this reform undermines the Senate's

independence. Second, that it changes the method of selecting senators by transferring

authority from the Prime Minister to the electorate. Finally, that it affects the powers of

the Senate by fundamentally altering its essential representational characteristics.

11. These objections form an important part of the expert opinions prepared by

Heard, Smith, and Cardinal. Heard argues that the elections anticipated in Bill C-7 would

be true, direct elections, and that the Prime Minister and Governor General would

ultimately be obliged to appoint the winners of these elections to the Senate. He also

argues that "the powers of the Senate are inextricably tied to the method of

appointment." 2 This is why, he asserts, that almost all proposals to reform the

appointments process have been accompanied by proposals to change the Senate's

powers. Smith's objections focus on his understanding of two important features of the

Senate: independence and the Senate's role in giving expression "to voices not heard in

the Commons." 3 Smith argues that Bill C-7 will harm these features because it

"partisanizes" the Senate and "presents a special challenge to Canada's federation of

2

3

Andrew Heard, Expert Opinion of Bill C-7, October 2012, 18. David E. Smith, Expert Opinion of Bill C-7, December 2012, 6-14.

6

8

cultures.,,4 In this latter point he echoes Cardinal's view that an elective process will

undermine the representation of Francophones outside Quebec in the Senate, as well as of

women. 5

12. In this Part of my report, I provide an alternative conceptual and empirical view

on these matters. With respect to Smith and Cardinal, I argue that their objections rely on

an imprecise understanding of the concepts of "independence" and "representation." In

particular, they rely on an idealized understanding of representation that is inconsistent

with the historical meaning and empirical reality of representation in the Senate.6 With

respect to Heard, the simultaneous pursuit of reforms to mode of appointment and powers

of the Senate is not determinative of whether one causes the other. In any event, if

changing the mode of appointment changes the Senate's powers-or, more accurately, its

propensity to exercise the powers it already has-it would do so in a way that promotes

the Senate's essential characteristic of regional representation. With respect to Heard's

other main point that Senate nominee elections would unduly constratn Prime Ministers, I

demonstrate through Smith's academic writings that this outcome is not certain.

Representational Character

13. In order to assess the impact of Bill C-7 on the representational function of the

Senate it is necessary to consider the relationship among federalism, bicameralism, and

representation. Federal regimes divide the totality of government power between

(usually) two autonomous authorities, and they provide a legal guarantee of this

autonomy, especially to subnational units, through a written constitution. Federal

structures emerge when disparate political units seek to unify in a context of significant

4

5

6

Ibid., 19, 23. Linda Cardinal, Expert Opinion of Bill C-7, date uncertain, 12-30. I would apply the same critique to Hicks's argument, See Bruce M. Hicks, Expert Opinion of Bill C-7, October 2012, 5-6, 42-46, 79-80.

7

9

diversity, especially diversity in language, culture, religion, and local institutions. 7 In

fact, the essential characteristic of federal systems "is that they are based not solely on

majoritarian principles, but upon the recognition and accommodation of diversity."g This

was certainly the case for Canada, where federalism emerged as the alternative to a

legislative union because of a political compromise between the proponents of unity and

advocates of greater diversity. 9 In particular, the presence of a large, regionally

concentrated, French-speaking Roman Catholic population virtually guaranteed that

Canada would unify in federal form.

14. Although written constitutions provide an essential legal guarantee of autonomy,

bicameralism operates in federal regimes as a political supplement to this legal guarantee.

As Ronald Watts writes, the major role of bicameralism in federal systems is

"representing regional interests at the federal or national level," 10 and it is clearly

recognized that this was the original role for the Senate as Canada's upper house. As

Hogg writes, the "Senate was intended to serve as a protector of regional interests, which

is a traditional function of the upper house in federal systems."ll The broad acceptance

of this view is demonstrated by its recognition in standard texts on Canadian

government, 12 as well as in a recent compilation of writing on various aspects of

Canadian politics. 13 The major representational function of the Senate, therefore, is with

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

Peter W. Hogg, Constitutional Law of Canada, 3 rd edition (Toronto: Carswell, 1992),102. Ronald Watts, "Bicameralism in Federal Parliamentary Systems," in Joyal, ed. Protecting Canadian Democracy: The Senate You Never Knew (Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2003)" 69. Hogg, Constitutional Law of Canada, 3 rd edition., 107. Watts, "Bicameralism in Federal Parliamentary Systems," 69. Hogg, Constitutional Law of Canada, 3 rd edition., 241. See, for example, N. Ward, Dawson's Government of Canada, 6th edition (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1987), 154. Paul G. Thomas, "Parliament and Legislatures: Central to Canadian Democracy?" in John C. Courtney and David E. Smith, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Canadian Politics (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010), 167.

8

10

respect to regional and provincial interests. As Alexander Galt put it during the London

Conference in 1866, "To the Legislative Council [later Senate] all the Provinces look for

protection under the Federal principle.,,14

15. The design of the Senate pursued this objective through representation based on

regional equality. It is worthwhile to quote David Smith on this subject, as his academic

writings offer a somewhat narrower understanding of the original representational

function of the Senate than his opinion prepared for this case:

... the Canadian Senate was purposefully made to deal with the

foundational concerns of the 1867 union-in particular Quebec's. For if

representation by population was the rallying cry of Upper Canadians in

the lead-up to Confederation, and if a Commons based on that principle

may he viewed as Ontario's house, then the Senate, with equal numbers of

senators from Ontario and Quebec, may be seen as the Quebec

counterpart. 15

16. The equal distribution of seats in the Senate among the three constituent regions

(or divisions) operationalized this representational function of the Senate. It was, of

course, an imperfect operationalization, since the constituent units of the federation were

defined differently for the purposes of division of powers (provinces) and Senate

representation (divisions). Nevertheless the intent was clear: the Senate would represent

the interests of subnational political units.

17. The equal representation of subnational units in the Senate was not completely

divorced from the representation of minorities. However, as Watts points out, the

14

15

G.P. Browne, ed. Documents on the Confederation of British North America, (Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2009), 211 (A. Galt, London Conference, 13 December 1866). David E. Smith, "Canada: A Double Federation," in Courney and Smith, eds., The Oxford Handbook of Canadian Politics, 81-82. Smith points out that the principle of equal representation in the Senate also facilitated the entry of Maritime colonies into the union.

9

11

Senate's representation of minority interests pertained to national minorities who

otherwise constituted a majority in one or more of the provinces or regions. 16 Indeed,

federalism and bicameralism are not generally an effective means of protecting minorities

that are not territorially concentrated, and it is therefore highly problematic to expect the

Senate to do this. As Ajzenstat writes: "By the 'minority,' Macdonald does not mean

ethnic or religious minorities.,,17 The submissions by Cardinal, Heard, Hicks, and Smith

on this subject thus rely on a concept of "minority" that did not inform the Senate's

design. Whatever the merits of having senators from minorities (in the modem sense) or

other politically underrepresented groups in the Senate, it cannot be considered a

foundational or fundament feature of the institution. Indeed, to the extent that Canada's

founders viewed the Senate as protecting "minorities" beyond regional concerns, they

meant property holders, whom they thought would always be in the minority (hence the

property qWllification for appointment to the Senate). As Macdonald expressed this

view: "there should be a large property qualification for the upper house, which is then

the representative 0!property.,,18

18. There is nothing in Bill C-7 that deviates from the principle of equal regional

representation, as nothing in the Bill contemplates changing the distribution of Senate

seats among the divisions or provinces. In fact, it is equally reasonable to argue that Bill

C-7 would enhance regional representation, in two ways. First, by providing the people

who live in these regions an opportunity to participate meaningfully, if not

authoritatively, in the selection of Senators. Second, by making it more difficult for

senators to purport to represent a region without having any meaningful connection to

that region (a phenomenon that has been observed with respect to the current Senate).

16

17

18

Watts, "Bicameralism in Federal Parliamentary Systems," 70. Ajzenstat, "Bicameralism and Canada's Founders: The Origins of the Canadian Senate," in S. Joyal, ed. protecting Canadian Democracy, 7. G.P. Browne, ed. Documents on the Confederation of British North America, 133 (I.A. Macdonald, Quebec Conference, 11 October 1864). Emphasis mine.

10

12

These reasons may be why four provincial governments, in addition to Alberta, have

contemplated the elective principle for senatorial appointments. 19

19. Despite the overwhelming emphasis on regional interests as the Senate's primary

representational function, it is argued that that, "to a limited extent," the Senate took on

the task of representing and protecting minorities and other special interests and

underrepresented groups during the 20th century.20 Table 1 provides data on the number

of women and persons ofInuit, Metis, and other First Nations origins who have served in

the Senate and House of Commons, relative to the different size of the two institutions.21

Tables 2 and 3 break these data down by time period.

19

20

21

There has also been a private member's bill in Ontario. Paul G. Thomas, "Parliament and Legislatures: Central to Canadian Democracy?" 167. My emphasis. For women, I have calculated the percentage of women appointed or elected from 1930, which is the first year that women became constitutionally eligible for appointment to the Senate. The total number of Senators appointed during this period is 534; the total number of member elected to the House of Commons is 2463.

11

13

TABLE 1

Representation of Women and First Nations Peoples in the Senate and House of Commons22

Group Senate House of Commons

Inuit, Metis, First Nations 15 32 1.6% 0.8%

Women 92 254 17.2% 10.3%

Table 223

Women and Aboriginal Persons Appointed to the Senate by Time Period

Period Number Appointed Women Appointed Aboriginal Persons Appointed

1867-1907 276 0 1 0.0% 0.4%

1908-1947 221 2 0 0.9% 0.0%

1948-1987 241 24 6 9.9% 2.5%

1988-2007 138 48 7 34.8% 54.1%

2008-2013 57 18 1

22

23

31.6% 1.8%

See Annexe 2, selected data from (accessed May 11,2013): http://www.parl.gc.ca/Parlinfo flists.fsenators.aspx?Parliament=&N ame=&Par ty=&Province=&Gender=F&Current=False&PrimeMinister=&TermEnd=&Mini stry=&Picture=False and http://www.parl.gc.ca/Parlinfo I Compilations IParliament/Aboriginal.aspx?Ro le=Senators and http://www.parl.gc.ca/parlinfo ILists 1M embers.aspx?Parliament-&Riding-& N ame-&Party-&Province-&Gender-F &N ew-False&Current= False&First= Fal se&Picture-False&Section - False&ElectionDate=&SortColumn = ElectionEndDa te&SortDirection=ASC Ibid.

12

14

Table 3

Women and Aboriginal Persons Elected to the House of Commons by Time Period (By Date of First Election)24

Period Number Elected Women Elected Aboriginal Persons Elected

1867-1907 1144 0 3 0.0% 0.3%

1908-1947 1027 5 0 0.5% 0.0%

1948-1987 1197 54 9 4.5% 0.8%

1988-2007 647 132 14 20.4% 2.2%

2008-2013 190 64 6 33.7% 3.2%

20. In terms of raw numbers, almost three times as many women have served in the

House of Commons as have served in the Senate, and more than twice as many persons

of Inuit, Metis, or other First Nations origin have served in the House of Commons than

in the Senate. However, in percentage terms, the data favour the Senate. With respect to

women, during the common period when females could be both appointed to the Senate

and elected to the Commons, female representation in the Commons is 10.3 percent

compared to 17.2 percent in the Senate. For Inuit, Metis, and people of other First

Nations origins, the historical representation is 0.8 percent in the Commons and 1.6

percent in the Senate. However, for both groups, in both institutions, increased

representation is largely a phenomenon of the past twenty-five years, suggesting that it is

being driven by larger societal changes than any particular characteristic of the Senate or

Commons. With respect to gender, 71.7 percent of all women appointed to the Senate

and 76.8 percent of all women elected to the Commons have reached office since 1988.

24 Ibid.

13

15

With respect to Aboriginal peoples, the proportions are 53.3 percent for the Senate and

62.5 percent for the House of Commons. It is also important to note that, from 2008 to

2013, proportionately more women and Aboriginal persons have been elected to the

House of Commons than appointed to the Senate.

21. The striking fact about these data, however, is that, until 1988, Canada's historical

record was not particularly strong in either case. Even in the past twenty-five years,

women have represented only 33.8 percent of appointees to the Senate, and only 4.1

percent of appointees have been of Inuit, Metis, or other First Nations origin. In addition,

the data suggest that an exclusively nominative process is not significantly more

successful than an elective process in promoting the representation of these groups. In

light of this, the more important question is why the record of appointments of these two

groups to the Senate is not better than it is. Even without the constraints and vagaries of

the electoral process, women and Canadians of Inuit, Metis, and First Nations origins

have generally been underrepresented in the Senate.25 The answer to this question lies in

the fact that, to the extent that Prime Ministers have pursued any particular objective in

making Senate appointments, it has been the partisan objective of appointing members of

their own political parties. In fact, almost 95 percent of all appointees to the Senate have

been from the appointing Prime Minister's own political party, which raises important

questions about the extent to which the status quo nominative process promotes the

principle of independence in a broader sense.26 If senators are simply representatives of

the party in government, then it is difficult to understand how the Senate can be a truly

independent body in this sense.

22. It is also difficult to point to specific instances where the Senate has effectively

protected or promoted the interests of minorities or other politically underrepresented

25

26

Women constitute 50.4% of Canada's population (2011 Census), and Aboriginal peoples 3.8% (2006 Census). Annexe 1 is a list of all senators with their biographical information.

14

16

groups against actions of the government. That this should be the case is unsurprising,

given that partisanship is the most important factor determining nomination to the Senate.

Consequently, except during short periods of transitions in power from one political party

to another, the Senate is dominated by the government. Even the one instance in the past

two decades where the Senate might be seen as having acted against the government in

the interests of a politically underrepresented group-its defeat of legislation to regulate

abortion following the 1988 Morgentaler decision (Bill C-43) by a tie vote in January

1991-does not contradict the general point that the Senate cannot be relied upon

independently to protect these groups, whatever its demographic composition. In that

instance, with some exceptions, senators were free to vote their conscience; moreover,

some senators voted against Bill C-43 not to protect women from new abortion

regulations, but because they thought the new regulations did not go far enough. Put

simply, the Senate's 1991 defeat of Bill C-43 cannot be depicted as an example of the

upper house protecting a politically underrepresented group from prejudicial government

action.

23. One argument for the Senate's having a role with respect to minorities or other

underrepresented groups, advanced in this matter by Linda Cardinal, is its ability to

represent the interests of non-Quebec Francophones. Cardinal identifies 64 members of

Canada's non-Quebec Francophone community, from seven provinces and one territory,

who have served in the Senate. This constitutes 6.9 percent of all senators who have

served, which is very close to the current proportion of 7.8 percent of senators who are

non-Quebec Francophones (8 of 103). There have, however, been significant gaps in the

representation of non-Quebec Francophones. On the one hand, Francophone senators

have regularly represented Manitoba, Ontario, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick; on the

other hand, British Columbia and Newfoundland and Labrador have never had

Francophone representation in the Senate. Alberta and Saskatchewan have had

Francophone representation for just over half of their history as provinces, while Prince

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17

Edward Island has had only a single Francophone senator (none since the 19th century).27

As with women and First Nations peoples, the actual degree to which the Senate has

represented non-Quebec Francophones is weaker than suggested by Cardinal, Heard,

Hicks, and Smith in the their expert opinion reports.

24. Without a doubt, the Senate was established to a large degree to protect French-

speaking Canadians who were, and were expected to continue to be, a minority in Canada

as a whole. For this reason, the regional basis for representation in the Senate was

perfectly suited to this objective, given the territorial concentration of French speakers in

Quebec. This concentration existed in 1867-with approximately 90 percent of

Canadians of "French origin" living in Lower Canada-and it continues to exist today­

with 86.5 percent of Francophones living in Quebec. 28 However, the Senate was not

explicitly intended to protect the Francophone minority outside of Quebec. Nevertheless,

over time, Senate appointments may have increasingly reflected this concern, especially

after 1960 when Quebec's national aspirations led it to be more self-focused (assuming

Quebec ever thought of itself as having a special responsibility for Francophones outside

the province). Indeed, of the non-Quebec Francophones appointed to the Senate, fully

half have been appointed since 1960.

25. In my view, it is easy to exaggerate the importance of non-Quebec Francophone

representation in the Senate by missing its mostly symbolic rather than real effect. For

non-Quebec Francophones, the Senate is a very weak institution on which to rely for

protection of their interests, for at least two reasons. First, with the exception of ensuring

access to federal government services in French throughout Canada, none of the key

legislative areas relevant to cultural and linguistic preservation and promotion-

27

28

See Claudette Tardif and Chantal Terrien, "Senate Reform and Francophone Minorities," Canadian Parliamentary Review (Spring 2009), 8. For 1867, see http://www66.statcan.gc.ca!eng!acyb c1867-eng.aspx?opt=!eng/1867/186700160016 The%20Census.pdf. For the current proportion, see http://www12.statcan.gc.ca!census­recensementlindex-eng.cfm. accessed 1 May, 2013.

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18

especially education-is within federal jurisdiction and the direct legislative authority the

Senate shares with the Commons.29 Second, and more important, the Charter of Rights

and Freedoms introduced a far more powerful, effective, and frequently used instrument

for the protection and promotion of the rights of non-Quebec Francophones.

26. In particular, the minority language education rights guaranteed under s. 23 of the

Charter have proven invaluable to these communities. Indeed, while Quebec initially

expressed the most fear of being constrained by s. 23, other provinces have been more

affected by minority language education rights litigation. Francophone parents have

successfully challenged provincial legislation and policy in Prince Edward Island, Nova

Scotia, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Ontario, and Alberta under s. 23, resulting in important

expansions of minority language education rights for Francophones outside Quebec. 30

Even if the shift from an exclusively nominative to a partially elective selection process

reduces the number of non-Quebec Francophones who enter the Senate, the more useful,

and frequently deployed, Charter-based language rights-especially s. 23-will remain.

27. While there may be an aspirational sense in which the Senate is considered to be a

place where minorities or other special interests and politically underrepresented groups

might participate in some fashion in the legislative process, minority representation in

this sense has never been one of its fundamental features or essential characteristics. The

29

30

To be sure, s. 93 of the Constitution Act, 1867 grants the federal government remedial legislative authority to prevent provincial violations of minority education rights, but that authority has never been used and is considered obsolete by some authorities. See Hogg, Constitutional Law of Canada, 3rd

edition., 114. Christopher Manfredi, "Constitutional Rights and Interest Advocacy: Litigating Educational Reform in Canada and the United States," in F. Leslie Seidle ed. Equity and Community: The Charter, Interest Advocacy and Representation (Montreal: Institute For Research On Public Policy, 1993), 91-117; Manfredi, "La Charte et Ie caractere distinctif du Quebec, » Cite Libre 28 :4 (2000), 78-82 ; Troy Riddell, "The Impact of Legal Mobilization and Judicial Decisions: The Case of Official Minority-Language Education Policy in Canada for Francophones outside Quebec," Law & Society Review 38 (2004),583-610.

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purpose underlying Canada's Senate was to ensure equal regional representation as a

counterweight to representation by population in the House of Commons. To paraphrase

and partially quote Ajzenstat, at Canada's founding, everyone agreed that a modem

system of government required "rep-by-pop" in the lower house (even if Canada

implemented this principle only imperfectly). The "formula for regional representation"

proposed for the upper house was thought to be sufficient to offset the dominance that

this principle would give Ontario and Quebec in the lower house relative to other regions

and provinces.3l

Method of Selection: Independence and Prime Ministerial Authority

28. The concept of an elected upper house was not unknown to the Fathers of

Confederation. The United States Constitution provided for election of senators by state

legislatures, and the elective principle operated for the legislative council of the Province

of Canada and Prince Edward Island prior to Confederation. As John A. Macdonald

pointed out during debates in the Legislative Assembly of Canada in 1865, there was

considerable debate surrounding the choice between an elective or nominative principle

for appointment to the upper house.32 Macdonald himself favoured appointment by the

Crown, but not because he considered the elective principle to have failed in Canada. 33

Instead, as he explained during the Canadian parliamentary debates, delegates to the

earlier conferences viewed the shortcomings of the elective principle as more practical

than philosophical. In particular, the enormous size of the constituencies and the

associated degree of effort to become elected were considered important reasons for

31

32

33

Ajzenstat, "Bicameralism and Canada's Founders," in S. Joyal, ed. Protecting Canadian Democracy, 15. J. Ajzenstat et al., eds. Canada's Founding Debates (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1999), 78 (J.A. Macdonald, 6 February 1865). G.P. Browne, ed. Documents on the Confederation of British North America, 97 (J.A. Macdonald, Quebec Conference, 11 October 1864.

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20

rejecting the elective principle.34 George Brown reiterated this view in the same debates:

" ... elections of members for such enormous districts as form the constituencies of the

upper house has become a great practical inconvenience." 35 The "inconvenience"

associated with elections held across such large areas also affected the quality of the

candidates who ran for these councils. Once again, Macdonald's words are instructive on

this issue:

"in every succeeding election in both Canadas there has been an

increasing disinclination, on the part of men of standing and political

experience, to become candidates; while, on the other hand, all the young

men, the active politicians, those who have resolved to embrace the life of

a statesman, have sought entrance to the House of Assembly.,,36

29. The concern here was that the upper house would be of poor quality under the

elective principle because the best candidates for public office would choose the less

arduous electoral path to the lower house.

30. These practical concerns are, of course, of little relevance today. In a world

where elections can be contested effectively in constituencies as geographically large as

the Northwest Territories, the Yukon, and Nunavut, the area over which Senate elections

would have to be contested can no longer be an objection to the elective principle. Nor is

there any evidence from the Alberta experience, discussed next, that contemporary

Senate nominee elections attract low quality candidates. The practical concerns which

led the Fathers to select the nominative over the elective principle for the Senate have

long been erased by history.

34

35 36

Ajzenstat et al., eds. Canada's Founding Debates, 79 (J.A. Macdonald, 6 February 1865). Ibid., 85 (G. Brown, 8 February 1865). Ajzenstat et al., eds. Canada's Founding Debates, 79 (J.A. Macdonald, 6 February 1865).

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21

31. There is little sense from the debates that key participants in the framing and

ratification of the 1867 constitution believed that the elective principle was inherently

incompatible with the functions to be served by the upper house. The Fathers of

Confederation did believe that the nominative principle was consistent with their

objective "that the constitution of the upper house should be in accordance with the

British system as nearly as circumstances would allow.,,37 They recognized, however,

that it could not be identical in the sense of being an hereditary upper house, which

Macdonald described as "unsuited to our state of society." Canada, he argued, "had none

of the elements for the formation of a landlord aristocracy-no men of large territorial

possessions-no class separated from the mass of the people.,,38 Appointment by the

Crown would bring Canada as close as possible to the model of the British constitution

while recognizing the impossibility of establishing an hereditary upper house in Canada.

32. Both Macdonald and Brown did articulate the general principle that the upper

house should be an independent body, "one that would be in the best position to canvas

dispassionately the measures of this house [i.e legislative assembly] and stand up for the

public interests in opposition to hasty or partisan legislation.,,39 However, the discussion

of independence took place in the context of defending life appointments. Macdonald's

and Brown's argument was that, once appointed, the term in office of members of the

upper house must be independent of the appointing authority, whether that authority is

the Crown through nomination or the people through election.4o In this sense, "senatorial

independence" is very much like judicial independence in that senators and judges are

free to act according to what they believe is right because they neither fear capricious

37

38

39

40

Ibid., 78 (I.A. Macdonald, 6 February 1865). Ibid., 78 (I.A. Macdonald, 6 February 1865). Ibid., 80 (I.A. Macdonald, 6 February 1865), 88 (G. Brown, 8 February 1865). The quotation is from Brown. Janet Ajzenstat, "Bicameralism and Canada's Founders: The Origins of the Canadian Senate," in S. Joyal, ed. Protecting Canadian Democracy, 8.

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removal from office nor must they seek approval for continuation in office. As long as

continuation in office is independent of the appointing authority, the Senate is

independent, and this form of independence is protected by non-renewability.41 Bill C-7

protects independence in this sense by preserving the non-renewability of Senate terms

established in 1867 and continued in 1965.42 In addition, without affecting the original

understanding of Senate independence, Bill C-7 has the potential for promoting the

Senate's practical independence by partially untethering Senate appointments from the

Prime Minister's personal political agenda and the influence of patronage.

33. It might still be argued, for precisely this reason, that Bill C-7 undermines the

authority of the Prime Minister to recommend appointments to the Governor General. I

am not persuaded by this argument. The elective element contemplated by C-7 will only

be triggered in provinces that choose to adopt legislation along the lines of the model

provided in C-7. Moreover, future governments may choose to repeal it. Although

Alberta has already adopted an elective element, and five provinces have taken steps in

this direction (British Columbia, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Nova

Scotia), I do not think one can assume that an elective element will be in place in every

province, nor can one assume that a province that introduces it will always choose to

maintain that approach.

34. To be sure, it is possible that a convention might emerge that the Prime Minister

must recommend the appointment of elected nominees, where elections take place. Yet it

is unclear whether even such a possibility would have an impact on the character of the

institution. Consider, for example, a key element in David Smith's recommendations for

41

42

For example, in reviewing the founding debate between the elective and nominative principle Ajzenstat does not pronounce herself in favour of one or the other, although she clearly opposes the notion that senators present themselves for re-election or re-appointment. Ibid.,ll. It might be argued that elections would make senators dependent on the people, which would restrict their sphere of independent action, I address this issue in Part 2.

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nonconstitutional reform to the Senate appointment process, articulated in his academic

writings but absent from his expert opinion in this case. 43 Although Smith is very

skeptical about the wisdom of elective appointments, he nevertheless recognizes the

shortcomings of the status quo. He therefore recommends three reforms that he believes

could be achieved without constitutional amendment:44

• Make all aspects of the appointment process transparent and open to the

public.

• Establish an independent, non-partisan vetting commISSIOn, responsible to

Parliament, to oversee the appointment of senators.

• Develop publicly accessible guidelines governing the selection of senators

(my emphasis).

35. The common intent of these reforms is to remove the Prime Minister's unfettered

discretion when advising the Governor General with respect to Senate appointments (note

Smith's use of "govern," rather than a word like "guide," in the third recommendation).

Nothing would make the appointment process more transparent and open to the public

than introducing an elective element. In fact, Smith directly ties the third of these

recommendations to the general electoral process, suggesting that the "electorate would

be able to judge both the quality of the criteria and the subsequent appointments as part of

the government's record.,,45

36. Perhaps the most interesting of his recommendations is to establish an

"Appointments Vetting Commission," whose express purpose would be to "lessen the

43

44

4S

David Smith, "The Improvement of the Senate by Nonconstitutional Means," in Joyal, ed. Protecting Canadian Democracy, 257-61. He recommends a fourth reform-nonrenewable twelve-year terms-that would require constitutional amendment, but he suggests this could be done unilaterally by Parliament. I discuss this proposal later in my report. Smith, "The Improvement of the Senate by Nonconstitutional Means," in Joyal, ed. Protecting Canadian Democracy, 260.

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excessive power of the Prime Minister" in Senate appointments.46 According to Smith,

such a commission would construct a short list of candidates from which the Prime

Minister would choose. Over time, Smith argues, "a new convention would emerge by

which the Prime Minister would only appoint senators recommended by the vetting

commission.,,47 From the perspective of the Prime Minister's authority in recommending

Senate appointments, it is unclear how this differs from the mechanism established in Bill

C-7. Senate nominee elections will produce a list that the Prime Minister would consider

before making a recommendation, and it might even be the case that a convention would

emerge that the Prime Minister would only appoint Senators recommended by the

electorate through Senate nominee elections. However, as long as the Prime Minister is

free to choose which name on the list to recommend, then the fact of recommending from

a list does not impede Prime Ministerial authority. In other words, if an "Appointments

Vetting Commission," operating on the same principle and tending toward the same

convention as Senate nominee elections, would not unduly constrain Prime Ministerial

authority, then the same should be true about the elective element contemplated in Bill C-

7.

37. To summanze, the Canadian founders clearly chose the nominative over the

elective principle for appointments to the upper house, but they did so largely on practical

rather than philosophical grounds. More precisely, there is no inherent contradiction

46

47

A similar commission exists in the United Kingdom, "to recommend individuals for appointment as non-party-political peers" and "to vet nominations for life peers, including those nominated by the UK political parties, to ensure the highest standards of propriety." See http://lordsappointments.independent.gov.uk/, accessed May 7,2013. As an aside, this appears to be what Prime Minister Harper has done with respect to vice-regal appointments. In 2010 he established an ad hoc committee to consult broadly and construct a short list of names for consideration for appointment as Governor General (full disclosure: I was a member of that committee). In 2012 he established a standing Advisory Committee on Vice-Regal Appointments with three permanent members and two rotating members.

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between the Senate's functions and appointment through election. Moreover, although

the founders expressly desired the Senate to be an independent body, they sought to

protect its independence not through mode of appointment but through the term of

appointment. In particular, they favoured non-renewability in order to free members of

the upper house from dependence on others for continuity in office. In this way Senators

would be free to act according to their conscience, free from fear of repercussions. The

concerns that Smith articulates in his expert opinion, in other words, are based on a

concept of independence quite different from that which Canada's founders were aiming

to establish. Finally, as Smith suggests in his academic writings, and contrary to Heard's

assertion in his expert opinion, the mere fact of limiting the Prime Minister's unfettered

discretion in the appointment process-even to the extent of establishing a highly

constraining new convention-should not be problematic so long as the Prime Minister

retains some degree of choice with respect to which particular name he or she decides to

recommend. In the final analysis, Bill C-7 does not change the fact that the Governor

General summons individuals to the Senate on the advice of the Prime Minister, although

it does establish a process to guide the Prime Minister when determining precisely what

advice to give the Governor General.

The Alberta Experience

38. Alberta remains the only province to have held Senate Nominee Elections, which

it has done on four occasions, in 1989, 1998, 2004, and 2012. These elections are held

under the authority of the Senatorial Selection Act (RSA 2000, Chapter S-5). The first

two of these elections were held in conjunction with municipal elections, while the two

most recent were held in conjunction with the Alberta general election. Thirty-three (33)

candidates have presented themselves in these elections: six in 1989, four in 1998, ten in

2004, and thirteen in 2012. Of these thirty-three candidates, twenty were affiliated with a

political party and thirteen presented themselves as independent candidates. Three

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women have presented themselves as candidates. Ten of these candidates have been

deemed elected and had their names submitted to the Queen's Privy Council of Canada

"as persons who may be summoned to the Senate of Canada for the purpose of filling

vacancies relating to Alberta," as provided for in s. 3(1) of the Senatorial Selection Act.

Of these ten individuals, five have eventually been appointed to the Senate: four men and

one woman. Each election merits its own short treatment.

1989 Senate Nominee Election

39. The 1989 Senate Nominee Election involved six candidates and took place in

conjunction with Alberta municipal elections. Three political parties-Reform, Liberal,

and Progressive Conservative-ran candidates, along with three independent candidates.

Stan Waters won the election with 41.7 percent of the vote, thereby becoming the first

person to have his name submitted for appointment to the Senate as the result of an

election. Although Waters won as a Reform Party candidate, in 1990 Progressive

Conservative Prime Minister Brian Mulroney recommended his appointment to the

Senate, and Waters joined it on June 11, 1990. He would serve only fifteen months,

dying in office on September 25, 1991.

1998 Senate Nominee Election

40. The 1998 Senate Nominee Election was also held in conjunction with municipal

elections. It attracted four candidates: two representing the Reform Party and two

independents. Bert Brown, a retired farmer, won the election by almost seven percentage

points over F.L (Ted) Morton, a University of Calgary professor. Both Brown and

Morton were deemed elected and had their names submitted for appointment to the

Senate. However, Prime Minister Jean Chretien refused to acknowledge the result of the

election, and he recommended the filling the two vacancies with Douglas Roche in 1998

and Tommy Banks in 2000.

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2004 Senate Nominee Election

41. The 2004 election, to select nominees for three vacancies in the Senate from

Alberta, was the first held in conjunction with a general provincial election. The election

attracted ten candidates, of whom eight represented two political parties (five Progressive

Conservative and three Alberta Alliance-forerunner to the Wildrose Alliance). As in

1998, Bert Brown (Progressive Conservative) finished first, but the three runners up

(Betty Unger, Cliff Breitkreuz, and Link Byfield) were also deemed elected. Unger and

Breitkreuz also represented the Progressive Conservative Party, but Byfield was one of

two independent candidates in the election. Like his predecessor Jean Chretien, Prime

Minister Paul Martin refused to recommend appointments from this list, choosing instead

to recommend the appointment of Elaine McCoy, Grant Mitchell, and Claudette Tardif

(all of whom still serve in the Senate). However, in 2007 Prime Minister Harper

recommended Brown's appointment to the Senate, and in 2012 he recommended Unger's

appointment.

2012 Senate Nominee Election

42. The 2012 election, held in conjunction with a provincial general election, selected

nominees for three vacancies on the Senate from Alberta. Thirteen candidates presented

themselves for election, seven of whom represented three political parties (Progressive

Conservative, Wildrose Alliance, Evergreen Party) and six of whom ran as independent

candidates. Electors had the right to vote for as many as three candidates on a single

ballot. Five candidates received at least 11 % of the votes, with Doug Black (15.9), Scott

Tannas (13.1), and Mike Shaikh (11.5) finishing in the top three. On January 25, 2013

Prime Minister Harper recommended the appointment of Doug Black, and two months

later he recommended the appointment of Scott Tannas.

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Analysis

43. Between 1989 and 2012, the Alberta Senate Nominee Election process generated

ten names of individuals that four different prime ministers could have advised the

Governor General to appoint to the Senate. Table 4 lists these individuals by year elected,

profession, party affiliation, age at election, year appointed, and age at appointment.

TABLE 4

Alberta Senate Nominee Election Winners48

Name Elected Profession Party Age at Year Age at Affiliation Election Appointed appointment

S. Waters 1989 Military/Business Reform 69 1990 69 B. Brown 1998 Farmer Reform 60 T. Morton 1998 Academic Reform 49 B. Brown 2004 Farmer Progressive 66 2007 69

Conservative B. Unger 2004 Business Progressive 61 2012 68

Conservative C. 2004 Farmer/Teacher Progressive 64 Breitkreuz Conservative L. Byfield 2004 Journalist Independent D. Black 2012 Lawyer Progressive 60 2013 60

Conservative S. Tannas 2012 Financial Services Progressive 50 2013 51

Conservative M. Shaikh 2012 Accountant Progressive 64

Conservative

44. From this experience, limited as it is, several observations about the impact of

Senate nominee elections on the characteristics of those who ultimately serve in the

Senate are possible. First, on four occasions the winners of these elections have not been

appointed. Second, the Alberta process led to one of the uncommon instances in which

the Prime Minister made a cross-party recommendation for appointment to the Senate

48 Alberta Senate Nominee election results for 1989, 1998, and 2004 can be found at http://www.elections.ab.ca/Public%20Website/589.htm#officiaI results, accessed May 12, 2013. For 2012, they can be found at http://results.elections.ab.ca/wtResultsSNE.htm, accessed May 12,2013.

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(Mulroney's recommendation of Waters). Third, the process generated a proportion of

female appointees roughly consistent with the nominative process. Fourth, the process

produced a visible minority Senate nominee (Shaikh). Fifth, the range of backgrounds

and professions of those elected and appointed is quite broad; nor is it very different from

the ten most frequently represented professions in the Senate.49 Finally, the average age

of the senators appointed through this process is slightly higher than for all senators

appointed since 1965 (63.4 vs. 57.6), but the difference is less than ten years. It is true, of

course, that none of the Senators appointed through this process have been Francophone,

but as Cardinal's expert opinion report indicates, the nominative process also failed to

produce a Francophone Senator from Alberta between 1931 and 1940 and between 1964

and 2005.50

45. One interesting aspect of the Alberta experience is the small insight it

provides into how elected senators view themselves. In Senator Brown's maiden

speech to the Senate,S1 which he gave in opposition to a motion by Senator Hugh

Segal to hold a referendum on whether the Senate should be abolished, Brown

articulated his belief that "the function a future senator can play is as an effective

counterbalance to the other place." Brown argued that "this chamber's best service

to this country will occur when elected senators truly represent the wishes of the

people of their home provinces, not the political philosophy of past prime

ministers." In reponse to a question from Senator Joan Fraser about the non-binding

nature of the Alberta Senate Nominee Elections, Bert Brown responded: "it is not

49

50

51

These professions are, in order: lawyer, businessperson, merchant, farmer, teacher, physician, journalist, author, professor, manager. See http://www.parl.gc.ca/parlinfo/Lists/Top100ccupations.aspx?Menu=SEN­Bio-Occ&Section=b571082f-7b2d-4d6a-b30a-b6025a9cbb98&Chamber=b57 1082f-7b2d-4d6a-b30a-b6025a9cbb98&Parliament Cardinal, Expert Opinion of Bill C-7, date uncertain, 20. (http://www.parl.gc.ca/Content/SEN IChamber 1392/Debates/010db 2007-11-13-E.htm? Language=E&Parl=39&Ses=2#73) accessed April 26, 2013.

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binding, to use Senator Fraser's words, simply because it leaves the Prime Minister

with the right to decide whether to address politically the wishes of the people of

the province depending upon how strong the Prime Minister feels those wishes are."

These statements suggest that Brown believed that a Senate with a non-binding

eleCtoral dimension would strengthen the "very independence towards the lower

house" that commentators like Smith identify as one of the essential characteristics

of the Senate that Bill (-7 allegedly threatens.

46. To summarize, Alberta Senate nominee elections have not produced Senators

whose professional and life experience varies significantly from Senators appointed

through the nominative process. To be sure, the process has not yet produced a

Francophone Senator from Alberta, but neither did the nominative process for the

four decades prior to Senator Tardifs appointment. The process produced one

female Senator of the total of five appointed, which is entirely consistent with the

historic proportion of women appointed to the Senate. It has also produced a visible

minority Senate nominee. Finally, given the ages of those elected and appointed, the

Alberta experience offers little evidence that these Senators or nominees have an

incentive to calibrate their actions to their post-Senate career aspirations, even if

they leave the Senate after a fixed term of nine years.

PART 2: INSTITUTING A NONRENEWABLE NINE-YEAR FIXED TERM

47. Bill (-7 would change the tenure of Senators to a single, nonrenewable fixed

term of nine years. The Bill recognizes that this change requires an amendment to s.

29 (2) of the Constitution Act, 1867, but proceeds on the assumption that it falls

within the unilateral amending authority of Parliament under s. 44 of the

Constitution Act 1982. It is worth recalling that Ajzenstat describes the original

provision of appointment for life as a "nonrenewable" appointment, and the same

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description applies to appointment until age seventy-five.52 Consequently, this

aspect of Bill C-7 should be considered a continuation of the status quo rather than a

deviation from it.

Non-renewability and Independence

48. Non-renewability is a key element of the Senate's independence because it

removes the necessity for senators to curry favour with the "elites of the day."53

Where there is an elective dimension to appointment, it also frees them from

concerns about alienating the electorate, since there is no appointment to lose in a

subsequent election. Indeed, speaking about the proposed "legislative council" in

February 1865, George Brown speculated about how members of the council might

act during the final stages of a renewable term: " ... they would be anticipating its

expiry, and anxiously looking to the administration of the day for reappointment;

and the consequences would be that a third of the members would be under the

influence of the executive."54 Fixed terms, per se, are not problematic with respect

to maintaining independence; the problem is fixed terms with the possibility of

renewal. Bill C-7 recognizes this and avoids the problem by foreclosing the

possibility of reappointment. This dynamic applies whether the mode of

appointment is nominative or elective. Even elected representatives are free from

constituency pressures if they do not have to present themselves for reelection.

Once elected, senators become independent of those who elected them.

49. In this sense, elected Senators would be free to discharge their

representational responsibilities as trustees rather than as delegates, and in this

way they would be different from members of the Commons. Although both

52 Ajzenstat, "Bicameralism and Canada's Founders, in Joyal, ed. Protecting Canadian Democracy, 11.

53 54

Ibid., 9. Canada's Founding Debates, 88 (G. Brown, 8 February 1865).

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trustees and delegates have a responsibility to take into account the wishes of those

they represent, delegates are expected to act directly according to those wishes,

while trustees take those wishes into account but still form their own opinion on the

correct course of action. It is much easier to act as a trustee when continuation in

office is not an issue. Freed from direct responsibility to act in the narrow interests

of a constituency that holds their political careers in their hand, elected senators can

continue to act dispassionately and with "sober second thought" in a way that

members of the Commons never could. In this regard, it is worth pointing out that

the existing nominative mode of appointment does not completely immunize the

Senate from the influence of constituency-oriented electoral politics. In addition to

the overwhelming tendency of Prime Ministers to appoint members of their own

party, a significant proportion of appointed senators enter the institution after

holding elected office: more than 40 percent of those appointed since 1965 have

held elected office at the federal, provincial or municipal level.

50. Of course, it might be the case that elected senators with fixed terms would

still be sensitive to external pressures out of concern for their post-Senate career,

but this would only be true if their age at appointment meant that they could expect

a long career after their term in the Senate. Historically, the average age at which

individuals have been appointed is 57, which means that, had the nine-year fixed

term applied since 1867, the average senator would have left the Senate at age 66

and would not have expected a lengthy post-Senate career. We cannot know the age

at which senators would be appointed under the elective process anticipated in Bill

C-7, but we do know that the average age of senators appointed from Alberta as a

result of elections is 63. Based on a nine-year fixed term, their average age at end of

appointment would be 72, which is exactly the historical average age at end of

appointment of all persons appointed to the Senate since 1867. Even the youngest

winners of Alberta Senate nominee elections, had they been appointed immediately

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upon election, would have left the Senate at approximately the age of 60 after a

nine-year term. Yet, even if this were a concern there is no evidence that it would be

unique to an elected senator: a large number of current senators, appointed

exclusively by nomination, continue to have outside employment (especially as

corporate directors) during their senatorial terms, to which they will presumably

return. Nevertheless, they are expected to be able to act independently in the

discharge of their representational responsibilities.55 .

Length a/Service, Continuity, and Long-Term Perspective

51. The shift to a fixed term is also such a small deviation from actual historical

practice that the difference is immaterial and should therefore not impede

Parliament's unilateral authority to amend the constitution to achieve it. In order to

understand this aspect of the term limit provision of Bill C-7 it is important to

compare a single nine-year fixed term to the length of terms actually served by

senators, as well as to the average duration of Parliaments and length of terms of

members of the House of Commons.

52. Table 5 summarizes the mean and median term length for senators

appointed since 1867 and for those appointed since 1965 (when the term of

appointment changed from life to age seventy-five). Two sets of data are included in

the table: one that includes current senators and a second that excludes them. Not

surprisingly, since the first set of data includes 58 senators appointed since 2006,

the mean and median length of service increases slightly when current senators are

excluded.

55 See Annexe 3 "Outside Employment"

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TABLE 5

Mean and Median Length of Senatorial Service56

Since 1867 Since 1965 Since 1867 Since 1965 (Includes (Includes (Excludes (Excludes Current) Current) Current) Current)

Mean 13.9 11.3 14.6 12.7 (Years) Median 12.8 9.8 13.6 11.7 (Years)

53. The nine-year fixed term provided for in Bill C-7 compares favourably to

both the mean and median length of term of Senators appointed since 1965,

especially when current Senators are included in the calculation. In particular, it is

very close to the median length of service for post-1965 appointees, including

current Senators. Even excluding current Senators, it is still equal to 77 percent of

the actual median term of service for Senators appointed since 1965. The nine-year

term proposed in Bill C-7 is not materially less than the actual mean and median

terms of Senators appointed after the change in 1965.57 The term of nine years also

compares favourably to the terms of upper houses in other countries. According to

data compiled by the Interparliamentary Union, only 11 of 77 upper houses in the

world have terms of nine years or more.58

56

57

58

http://www.parl.gc.ca/Parlinfo I compilations Iparliament/YearsOfService. aspx? Parliament =&Section=b571082f-7b2d-4d6a-b30a-b6025a9cbb98& N ame=& YearsOfService= &Continuous-False&Current=False Accessed May 11,2013 The difference is, admittedly, somewhat greater if one focuses exclusively on senators whose appointments have ended since 2006. The mean and median length of service of these senators is 14.6 and 15.2 years, respectively. http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/TermofParliament.asp?LANG=ENG&REGION SUB REGION=All&typesearch=5&Submitl=Launch+query. accessed May 8, 2013.

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54. In addition to independence, which I argue is safeguarded through non­

renewability, Smith includes continuity and a long-term perspective, especially in its

relationship to the House of Commons, among the fundamental features and

essential characteristics of the Senate.59 One way in which the Senate embodies

these features/characteristics is through lower turnover compared to the Commons.

The mean length of a parliament (through the 40th Parliament) is 3.2 years, with the

median length being 3.6 years.60 The proposed nine-year term in Bill C-7 would

thus, on average, span three Parliaments, and reach into a fourth depending on

when an appointment takes place in the life cycle of an average Parliament.

Imagine, for example, a Senator appointed at the midway point in the life of the

average parliament. Her term would span the remainder of that Parliament, the

entire period of the following two Parliaments, and one year into a fourth. A

Senator serving a full nine-year term would thus represent important continuity

relative to the turnover that can take place in the Commons over three

Parliaments.61 To get a better sense of this, Table 6 presents data on the mean

length of service for all members of the House of Commons:

59

60

61

David Smith, "The Improvement of the Senate by Nonconstitutional Means," in Joyal, ed. Protecting Canadian Democracy, 234. Smith also highlights these characteristics in his expert opinion, Smith Smith, Expert Opinion of Bill C-7, December 2012,13-14. It is possible that, with the implementation of fixed election dates through Bill C-16, the mean length of Parliaments will converge towards the maximum length of four years. However, that has not been the case since 2006, when the Bill was passed. Assuming the 41st Parliament survives until its fixed end date of 2015, the average length of a Parliament since 2006 will have been three years. This is because of minority governments, which have been quite common since 1962: of the seventeen elections held since then, eight have produced minority governments. Under the new provision there will, of course, be senators who do not serve their full nine-year terms, just as there are senators now who leave the Senate prior to reaching age seventy-five. However, given the historical trend since 1965 that half of all senators serve terms of between 9.8 and 11.7 years, one

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TABLE 6

Members' Mean Length of Service, House of Commons62

Years of Service Number Cumulative Mean Years of Percent Service

0-4 1613 38.4 3.3 0-9 2898 68.9 5.1 0-14 3612 85.9 6.6

55. If independence, continuity, and a long-term perspective require that

senators serve longer terms than members of the House, then Table 6 indicates that

a nine-year senatorial term is adequate to serve this purpose. It is almost three

times longer than the mean length of 38.4 percent of terms in the House of

Commons, and it is more than one-third longer than the mean length of 85.9 percent

of terms in the Commons. After four years in office, Senators will have more

experience, on average, than almost 40 percent of House members; and in the last

year of their term, Senators will be more experienced Parliamentarians than almost

70 percent of their colleagues in the Commons. The guaranteed term of nine years is

sufficient to counterbalance the defects that may be associated with high turnover in

the House of Commons.

56. Even an expert like Smith, who argues forcefully in his academic writings

that Senate reform should proceed from a set of first principles derived from the

62

can expect a high proportion of senators appointed to a nine-year term to complete their full term. http://www.parl.gc.ca/Parlinfo I compilations Iparliamen t/Y earsOfService. aspx?Parliament =&Section=03d93c58-f843-49b3-9653-84275c23f3fb&Name = & YearsOfService= &Continuous=False&Current=False Accessed May 11,2013

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"fundamental features and essential characteristics of the Senate," recognizes

nonrenewable fixed terms as a reform that would be consistent with those

principles, an aspect of Bill C-7 that is not addressed in his expert opinion report.

According to Smith, although "it is essential that senators have lengthy terms of

office in order to perform their functions, ... [this] does not necessarily have to mean

that they be appointed until the age of seventy-five."63 Indeed, Smith characterizes

the theoretical possibility that a senator might serve forty-five years (appointed at

thirty, retired at seventy-five) as "clearly too long, even for the needs of continuity

and long-term perspective."64 "Such excesses," he continues, "could be avoided by

appointing senators for a fixed term of twelve years."65 Smith even suggests that the

required amendment to s.29 (2) of the Constitution Act, 1867 "could be made

unilaterally by the federal Parliament as it would merely translate the reality of an

average tenure of twelve years (i.e. three parliaments) into the Constitution without

altering or affecting the 'fundamental role and essential characteristics' of the

Senate."66 There is nothing in Smith's expert opinion report that contradicts or

suggests a reconsideration of this position.

57. If nonrenewable fixed terms are not, in principle, inconsistent with the

"fundamental role and essential characteristics" of the Senate, and if the

requirements of "continuity and long-term perspective" translate into a fixed term

that spans three Parliaments, then the nonrenewable fixed term of nine years

provided for in Bill C-7 should fall within Parliament's unilateral amending power

under s. 44 of the Constitution Act; 1982. In any event, there is little empirical

evidence to suggest that this change would materially affect the actual terms that

63

64 65 66

Smith, "The Improvement of the Senate by Nonconstitutional Means," in Joyal, ed. Protecting Canadian Democracy, 259. Ibid. Ibid. Ibid., 259-60.

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senators serve, which means that their ability to provide continuity and a long-term

perspective should be unaffected. Absent evidence to the contrary in his expert

opinion report, one must conclude that Smith himself would accept the proposal to

introduce a nonrenewable fixed term through s. 44 of the Constitution Act, 1982.

CONCLUSION

58. It has been observed, with respect to the Senate, that "[i]nstitutional reform

proposals have sometimes been supported by overly ambitious claims."67 It could

equally be said that these same proposals have also been opposed by overly

exaggerated warnings of dire consequences. This certainly seems to be the case

with respect to the expert opinions provided on behalf of the Government of Quebec

and interveners. Their analysis of Bill C-7 is based on a comparison between a

hypothetical set of consequences and an idealized Senate that exists neither

conceptually nor empirically.

67

What are some of their arguments?

• That the elective element of Bill C-7 will undermine the Senate's capacity

to represent minorities or other politically underrepresented groups; yet

this was not how the Senate's designers understood representation, and

in any event the empirical evidence indicates that the existing nominative

process has not been significantly better in achieving this objective than

the elective process chosen for the Commons.

• That the shift from a nominative to an elective process will, in particular,

undermine the Senate's capacity to represent non-Quebec Francophones;

yet the empirical evidence indicates that, even under the nominative

F. Leslie Seidle, "Democratic Reform: The Search for Guiding Principles," in Courtney and Smith, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Canadian Politics, 524.

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process, there have been large gaps in such representation from

important parts of Canada.

• That Bill C-7 will unduly fetter the Prime Minister's authority in

recommending appointments to the Senate; yet even one of the experts

for the Government of Quebec does not consider a convention requiring

appointment from a list generated by another body as problematic.

• That the elective element will undermine the Senate's independence; yet

it was nonrenewable terms rather than mode of appointment that was

considered to be the critical guarantor of independence from either the

executive or the people. Fixed, nonrenewable terms ensure that length in

office is not dependent on others, and preserves independence by

prohibiting senators from seeking additional terms. It also allows them

to discharge their representational responsibilities as trustees rather

than as delegates.

• That Bill C-7 will undermine continuity and long-term perspective in the

legislative process; yet the nine-year term provided for in Bill C-7 is not

materially different from the historical length of Senate terms. Moreover,

it allows continuity of senatorial terms across at least three average

length parliaments.

59. Bill C-7 proposes a moderate set of reforms to the mode and term of

appointment of senators. These reforms will not materially affect the fundamental

features or essential characteristics of the Senate.

Christopher P. Manfredi, PhD

June 10, 2013

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Annex 1: Table of all senators with their biographical information

ANNEXEI

..-{

c<;Ji

,2 <0 E S ,5

~ :E a. ~ Cl o :c ~

'w £; £; '3 f!? .s co c <ll en

"iii '0 <ll :0 ~

>< <ll C C «

NAME DOB

Ander~on. John Hawkins

Chandler, Edward Barron

Todd,Wiliiam

Fergus!>on

Bosse,Joseph·Noel

Wier,BenJamm

Crawford,George

McCully, Jonathan

Ritchie, John Wilham

McCrea,Walter

Juchereau

RGSs,John

lucherau

BiII,CalebRand

Mitchell,Peler

Sanborn,lohnSewall

Matheson,Roderick

Tessier,UlrlcJoseph

Burnham,AsaAllworth

Olivier, louis Auguste

Renaud,louis

leslie,James

Steeves, William Henrv

Blake, Oliver

Locke,Jolln

Mills,Samuel

Halen, Robert Leonard

Malhiot, Charles

Fostef,AsaBelkllap

KennY,Edward

Holmes,lohn

Robertson,John

LetellierdeSt-Just,Luc

Wilson,Chades

Shaw,James

Lacoste,louls

McDonald,Donald

Wilmot,RobertOuncan

Seymour,Benjamin

Christie,Davld

Skead,James

Dumouchel,leandre

Hamllton,John

Sureau,Jacques·Ohvler

Price, DavId Edward

Sounnot,John

Dick~on, Walter H~mllton

SImpson, John

Campbell,Alewander

Hamilton,John

Cormler,Charles

McMaster,William

Ferrier,James

Ferguson,John

RVan, Thomas

ArchIbald, Thomas DIckson

Leonard,Elijah

Odell,W",IiamHunter

Sotsford,AmosEdwin

Flint,Billa

Chaffers, Wilham Henry

GUevremont,Jean-Baptiste

Macpherson, David Lewis

McCIelan, Abl"ler Reid

Reesor, DavId

181!~.OI.01

1793

1606.12.01

"'"

1613.1120

1804.08.21

Polltkal Ase

Affiliation Province I Appointed on Date of End of at nomination App't Terrltorv thea4vlceof App't App't

Canada 82 N.5. Proclamation 1867.10.23 1870.12.24

ConselVatlVe

Canada

Canada

(1867·1942)

Canada

(1867·1942)

Canada

(1867·1942)

Cal"lada

(1867·1942)

(1867-1942)

(1867·1942)

ConselVallve

ConselVa\lve

Canada

(1867·1942)

Canada

(186H942)

Canada

(1867-1942)

(1861·1942)

Callada

Canada

Canada

(1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

Canada

(1867-1942)

(1867·1942)

(1867-1942)

Canada

lIberal

(1867·1942)

(186H942)

(1857·1942)

Canada

(1867·1942)

(1867-1942)

Canada

(1867-1942)

{1867-1942}

(1861·1942)

Canada

(185].1942)

ConservatIve

(1867·1942)

Canada

(186"1942)

(1867·1942)

Liberal

Canada

(1867-1942)

(1867·1942)

ConselValive

ConselVatlve

Canada

(1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

Canada

Canada

(1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

Callada

Canada

67 N.B. Prodamation 1867,10.23 1867.10.23

64 N.B. Proc!amatiOll 1867.10.23 1867.10.23

51 Ontario Prodamatioll 1867.10.23 1867.12.29

59 Quebec Proclamation 1867.10.23 1868.01.01

62 N.S. Proclamation 1861.10.23 1868.04.14

74 Ontario Pfociamatloll 1867.10.23 1870.07.04

58 N.S. Proclamation 1867.10.23 1870.09.28

59 N.5.

56 Ontario

57 Quebec

49 Ontario

sa Quebec

61 N.S.

43 N.B.

48 Quebec

74 Ontario

SO Quebec

59 Ontario

SOQljebec

Proclamation 1867.10,23 1870.09.28

Proclamation 1867.10.23 1871.01.05

Proclamation 1867.10.23 1871.01.07

Proclamation 1861,10.23 1871.01.31

Proclamation 1867.10.23 1871.05.12.

Proclamation 1861.10.23 1872.02.01

Proclamation 1861.10.23 1872.07.13

Proclamation 1861.10.23 1872.10.01

ProclamatIon 1867.10.23 1813.01.13

Proclamation 1867.10.23 1873.02.11

Proclamation 1861.10.23 1813.05.10

Proclamation 1867.10.23 1873.09.08

49 Qvebec Proclamation 1861.10.23 1873.10.01

al Quebec Proclamation 1867.10.23 1873,12.06

53 N.B. Proclamation 1861.10,23 1873.12.09

64 Ontario Proclamation 1867.10.23 1873.12.10

42 N.S. Proclamation 1867.10.23 1813.12.12

60 OntaM Proclamation 1867.10.23 1874.01.24

59 N.B. Proclamation 1867.10.23 1874.08.15

59 Quebec Proclamatioll 1867.10.23 1874.11.09

50 Qljebec ProcJamatiOfl 1867.10.23 1876.02.10

67 N.S. Proclamation 1867.10.23 1876.04.11

78 N.S. Proclamation 1867.10.23 1876.06.03

68 N.B. Proclamation 1861.10.23 1876.08.03

47 Quebec Proclamation 1867.10.23 1876.12.14

59 Qljebec Proclamation 1867.10.23 1871.05.04

70 Ontario Proclamation 1867.10.23 1878.02.06

69 Qljebec Proclamation 1867.10.23 1818.11.26

51 Ontario Proclamation 1867.10.23 1879.01.20

58 N.S. Proclamation 1867.10.23 1880.02.10

81 Ontario Proclamation 1867.10.23 1880.03.23

49 Ontario Proclamation 1867.10.23 1880.12.15

50 Ontario Proclamatlofl 1867.10.23 1881.01.20

56Qljebec Proclamatiofl 1861.10.23 1882.09.23

65 Ontario ProclamatIon 1861.10.23 1882.10.10

47 Quebec Proclamation 1867.10.23 1883.02.07

41 Qllebec ProclamatIon 186710.23 1883.08.22

5..1 N.S. Proclamation 1861.10.23 1884.01,21

610ntano Proclamation 1867.10.23 1884.02.14

55 Ofltano Proclamation 1867.10.23 1885.03 21

45 Ontario

39 Quebec

!i4 Quebec

55 Ontario

67 Quebec

53 N.B.

63 Quebec

S4 N.S.

53 Ontario

55 N.B.

63 N.B.

62 Ontario

40 Quebec

41 Quebec

49 OntarIO

36 N.B

44 Ontario

ProclamatIon 1867.10.23 1887.02.07

Prociamatlofl 1867.10.23 1887.05.01

Proclamation 1867.1023 1887.05.07

Prociamatioll 1867.10.23 1887.09.22

Proclamation 1867.10.23 1888.05.30

Proclamation 1867.10.23 1888.08.21

Proclamation 1867.10.23 1889.05.25

Proclamation 1861.10.23 1890.10.18

Proclamation 1861.10.23 1891.05.14

Proclamanon 1861.10.23 1891.07.25

Proclamation 1867.10.23 1894.03.19

Proclamation 1867.10.23 1894.06.15

Proclamation 1867.10.23 1894.01.19

ProclamatIon 1861.10.23 1896.06.14

Proclamation 1867.10.23 1896.08.16

Proclamation 1867,10.23 1896.12.09

Proclamation 1867.10.23 1901.01.01

Age at Methodofend endof Career of appointment App't SeK profiles

Death 65 M Merchant

Appointment

Appomtment

Death

Resignation

Death

Death

Resignation

ReSIgnation

Resignation

Res!gnatlon

Death

Death

Death

Re$ignatlon

Resignation

Death

Resignation

Death

Resignation

Resignation

Death

Deall"l

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Resignation

ReSIgnatIon

Death

Death

ReSignatIon

Death

Death

Death

Death

Resignation

Death

Death

Resignation

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

ResignatIOn

Death

Reslgllation

Resignation

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

ResignatIon

Death

ResignatIon

Resignation

67 M Administrator,

64 M Bljsinessman

S2M la~er 60 M Judge, lawyer

62M Merchant

17 M Contractor

61 M Lawyer

62 M lawyer

60 M lawyer

61 M lawyer

52 M lawyer

61 M Lawyer

66M Farmer

48 M Lawyer 53M

80M Military

55 M Dean

65M Farmer

56 M Lawyer S4M Miller, PJ"oduoe dealer

81M Merchant

59M Merchant

71M Clerk

48 M Merchant

67 M Bljsinessman

66 M Lawyer

66 M Physician

SSM Merchant

75M Manager

87M

17M Businessman

S6M Notary

69 M Businessman

81M Merchant

80 M Notary

63M Landau-Neyor

70 M Shipper

74M Farmer

62 M Farmer

64M merchant

71 M PhyslCil<n

80 M Shipowner

63 M Notary

57 M Lumber merchant

69 M Merchant

78 M Lawyer

72 M Merchant

MM

BM nM HM 87M

MM

MM

nM MM ~M

~M

aM aM ~M

nM aM nM

Lawyer

Lumberman

Miller

Wholeaaler

Merchant

Merchanl

Wholesaler

Merohanl

Foundryman

Lawyer

Judge

Merchant

Merchant

Farmer

Contractor

Merchant

Manulacturer

Prior Ponti~al

Exper. Veera 01 Months 0 Days of 81 Servl~e In tServlee In IAborlglnal Mlnorl Lan;uale I ReUslon

3 2 3 1160 3,17

W 11

11

U U U U ~

~

U U U U U U U U U W W H n U U

• • • ~

D

"

11

11

• 11

W

11

1

11

11

11

7

11

11

U

U . U 17

10

20

11

n 11

24

n U

18

~

72

17S

98' 1013

1073

1172

1174

1197

1298

1563

1727

1807

1911

1940

2028

2149

11 2172

16 2238

18 2240

20 2242

22 2244

2286

25 2490

18 2575

20 3033

20 3094

12 3147

0,00

0,00

0,19

0,20

0,48

2,70

2,94

2,94

3,21

3,21

3,28

3,55

4,28

4,73

4,95

5,23

5,31

5,55

5,88

5,95

6,13

6,13

6,14

6,14

6,26

6,82

7,05

',3D 8,41

8,62

13 3209 8,79

24 3342 9,15

13 3483 9,54

17 3761 10,30

4053 11,10

30 4109 11,25

20 4494 12,30

1 4536 12,42

25 4804 13,15

12 5765 15,18

2 5450 14,92

20 5468 14,97

17 5587 15,30

31 5784 15,83

31 5936 16,25

24 5959 16,32

30 6361 17,42

u

u . 31

D

n

27

23

27

" • U

11

7048

7131

7137

7216

1526

7886

8398

860S

8678

9645

9733

9767

10463

10527

10642

12125

19,30

19,52

19,54

19,92

20,61

20,83

21,59

22,99

23,56

23,16

26,41

26,65

26,74

28,65

28,82

29,14

33,20

original

.11

39-41

Mean Median Mode

14,7 13,7 15.8

13,9 12,8 4,'

14,6 13,6 15,S

14,6 15,2

N c<::!' ,2 ro E .Q ,5

"§ :.c: Co

e:! Ol o :0 .... 'ij) :S :S '3: ~ o ro c Q)

'" m .... o Q)

:0 ~

x Q) c

~

Armand.Jo~aph Fran~ois

Dick<!V,RabenB.mv

Wark,Davld

Miller,Wllliam

Aiklns,JamesCo~

AHan,GeorgeW!!Uam

Belleau,Narcisse·Fortunat

Cauchon, Joseph Edouard

Chapais, lean-Charles

Befl$OI1,JamesRea

GlaSler,John

Dever,lames

Woodbury

Northup,Jeremlah

Macfarlime,Alexander

Perry,Ebenezer

Smith,Frank

Churchill,Ezra

Panel,touls

Read,Robert

Chaussegros

Carral!,RobertWilliamWelr

COrrlwall,ClementFrarlCls

Girard,Mare-Amable

Sutherland,lohn

Macdonald,WiliiamJohn

Newman

Coehral'le, Matthew Henry

Muirhead,Wllliam

Vidal,Alexander

OliVier

Chlnle,fugene

Alexander,George

8ellerose, Joseph HY<lcinthe

Haviland, Thomas Heath

Howlan, George WilHam

Haythome, Robert Poore

MOlltgomery, Donald

Ar15elme

Brown,George

Pennv,EdwardGoH

Scott,RichardWrlham

Panet,Charies·£ugi!l1e

Baiilargeon,Piern'

Paquet, Anselme Hompre

Fabre,Hector

Steven~, Gardner Green

P02et,ChrlStranHenry

lewin, James Davies

Hope, Adam

Grant,Robert Patterson

Pantaleon

Power, Lawrence GeoHrey

Thibaudeau, Joseph·Rosaire

Brouse, William Henry

Charles Eugene

Bull,Harcourt Burland

Almon,WlliiamJohnston

Nelson, Hugh

Carvell,Jeded\ahSlason

Boyd,John

GIbbs, Thomas Nicholson

Northwood,loseph

Howlan. George William

Skead,James

Mcinnes, Thomas Robert

Macinnes, Donald

Ogilvie,AlexandetWalker

1e22,01.09

1808,10.20

(1861·1942)

(186?-1942)

Canada

Conservative

Conservative

Conservatl\i'e

(1861·1942)

Conservah\i'e

(1861·1942)

Conservatl\le

Canada

Canada

Conservati\i'e

1816 Canada

(1867·1942)

17sa(1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

Conservative

(1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

Conservative

(1867·1942)

(1867-1942)

/1867·1942)

Canada

/1867·1942}

(1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

Conservatfve

(1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

Canada

Canada

{1867-1942)

(1867·1942)

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Nationalist

Canada

Nationalist

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Reformer

(1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

Conservative

Conservative

(1867·1942)

Conservative

Conservative

Conservative

Canada

(1867·1942)

Independent

Conservative

/1867·1942)

46 Quebec

54 N.S.

63 N.B.

32 N.S.

44 OntarIo

450ntar(0

59 QlJebe(

50 Quebee

56 Quebec

610ntano

58 N.B.

42 N.B.

44 N.S.

54 N.S.

52 N.S.

83 Ontario

48 Ontario

67 NoS.

ProclamatIon 1867.10.23

Proclamation 1867.1023

ProclamatIon 1867.10.23

Proclamation 1867.10.23

Proclamation 1867.10.23

Prociamatlon 1867.10.23

Proclamation 1867.10,23

Proclamation 1867.11.02

John 1868.01.30

John 1868.03.14

John 1868.03.14

John 1868.03.14

John 1869.06.21

John 1870.10.10

Johrl 1870.10.10

John 1871.02.02

John 1871.02.02

John 1871.02.03

1903.01.01

1903.07.14

1905.08.20

1912.02.23

1882.05.30

1901.07.24

1867.10,23

1872.06,30

1885.07.17

1885.03.18

1894.07.07

1904.05.07

1881.05,20

1879,04.10

1898.12.14

1876.0S.01

1900.01.01

1874.05,08

76 Quebec John

56 Ontario John

53 Quebec John

348.C. John

35 B.C. John

49 Manitoba John

1871.02.10 1874.03.26

1871,02.24 1896.06.29

1871.12.13 1876.04.11

1871.12.13 1879.09.19

1871.12.13 1881.07.01

1871.12.U 1892.09.12

50 Manitoba John 1871.12.13 1899.04,13

39 S.c. John 1871.12.13 1915.04.13

41 N.5. John 1872.03.27 1896.01.08

48 Quebec John 1872.10.17 1903.08.12

53 N.B, John 1873.01.04 1884.12.29

53 Ontano John 1873.01.15 1906.11.18

52 Quebec John 1873.02.20 1874.01.08

54 Quebec John 1873.04.10 1882.11.03

59 Ontario John 1873.05.30 1891,05.29

53 Quebec John 1873.10.07 1899.08.13

50 P.E,1. John 1873.10.18 1879.07.01

3B P.E,I. John 1873.10.18 1880,12.27

57 P.E,I john 1873.10.18 1891.05.07

S5P.c,1. John 1873.10.18 1893.07.31

3S Quebec John 1873.1031

55 Ontario Ale~ander 1873,12.16 1880.05.09

53 Quebec Ale~ander 1874,03.13 1881.1011

49 Ontario Alexander 1874,03,13 1913.04.23

44 Quebec Ale~ander 1874.03.27 1875.02.04

6t Quebec Alexander 1874.03.27 1891.12.15

44 Quebec Ale~af\der 1874.12.09 1891.12.22

40 Quebec A!e~ander 1875.02,05 1882.07.12

61 Quebec Alexander 1876.02.12 189204.1S

40 Quebec Alexander 1876.09,20 1884.07,18

64 N.B. Alexander 1876.11.10 1900.03.11

63 Ontario Alexander 1877,01.03 1882.08.07

62 N.S. Alexander 1877.02.02 1892,11.13

40 Quebec Alexander 1877,02,02 1904.09.01

35 N.S. Alexander 1877.02.02 1921.09,12

40 Quebec Alexander 1878.01,04 1909.06.16

54 Ontario Alexander 1878.08,09 1881.08,23

56 Quebec John 1879.02.12 1915.09,10

54 Ontario John 1879.02.24 1881.08.12

&3 N.S. John 1879.0415 1901.02.18

498.C. John 1879.12,12 1887.03.01

47p.E.1. John 1879.12.18 1889.07.03

53 N.B. John 1880,02.11 1893,09.21

59 Ontario John 1880.04.03 1883.04.07

71 Ontario John 1880.05.19 1886,10.29

45 P,E.I. John 1881.01.05 1891.0218

64 Ontario John 1881.12,24 1884.07.05

41 B.C. John 1881.12.24 1897.11.18

57 Ontario John 1881.12.24 1900.12.02

52 Quebec John 1881.12.24 1901.01.18

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Appointment

Resisnation

Death

Death

Death

Death

Resisnatlon

Oeath

Death

Death

ReSignation

Death

Resignation

Death

Resignation

Death

Resignation

Death

Resignation

ResignatIon

Death

Death

Death

Death

Resignation

Resignation

Resignation

Death

Resignation

Resignation

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Resignation

Death

Death

Resignation

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Resignation

Resignation

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Resignation

Resignation

Resignation

Death

Death

Resignation

Death

Resignation

Death

ReSignation

~M

~M

~M

nM ~M

mM ~M

BM nM mM ~M

mM .M ~M

WM .M nM mM

Farmer

La~er Merohant

Lawyer

Farmer

Lawyer

Lawyer

Editor

Mercilant

Miller

Lumber merchant

Merchanl

Shipbuilder

Shipowner

Lawye' Merohant

Grocery Wholesaler

Shipbuilder

80 M Notary

81 M Farmer

sa M Lawyer

42 M Physician

45 M Rancher

70 M Notary

77M Farmer

82M Merchant

65 M Lawyer 79 M Rancher

65M Miller

87M Landaurveyor

53 M Dean

64M Merohant

77 M Farmer

79 M Businessman

56 M Not~ry 4SM Merchant

75 M Magistrale

85M Farmer

51 M Editor

61 M Publisher

61 M Journalist

88 M Lawyer

45 M Lawyer

79 M Physician

61 M Pr~fessor 47 M Editor

77M Manager

48 M Lawyer

87 M Businessman

69 M Businessman

78 M Merohant

67 M Lawyer

80 M Lawyer

71 M Business Exeoutlve

57 M Physician

93 M PhysiCIan

57 M PublISher

85 M pr~tessor 56M Lumbermetchant

57M Merchant

66M Merchant

62 M Produce dealer

77 M Merchant

55M Merchant

67 M Lumberman

57 M PhysiCian

76M Merchant

71 M Mi!1er

35

35

37

.... 23

33

4

17

17

26

36

11

" 5

" 3

25

20

27

43

23

30

11 33

17

25

20

17

16

39

17

17

16

7

23

15

27

44

31

36

21

9

13

20

15

15

I. 19

10

10

3

11 10

10

11 10 . 20

10

10

2

10

11

10

21

29

29

18

25

24

30

30

30

12855

13048

13817

16195

~69

12329

1703

6379

6214

9613

13203

4352

3106

10294

1917

10561

1191

35,19

35,72

37,83

44,34

23,19

33,76

0,00

4,66

17,47

17,01

26,32

36,15

11,92

8,50

28,18

5,25

28,92

3,26

15 1141 3,12

9259 25,35

30 1582 4,33

8 2839 7,77

20 3490 9,55

2 7581 20,76

998S 27,34

30 15827 43,33

14 8689 23,79

25 11256 30,82

26 4379 11,99

12361 33,84

19 323 0,89

26 3496 9,57

31 6575 18,00

9443 25,85

14 2084 5,70

5 7919 21,68

6412 17,55

14 7228 19,79

19 5924 16,22

25 2338 6,40

31 2770 7,58

11 14286 39,11

11 315 0,86

21 6414 17,72

14 6223 17,04

2715 7,43

4 5909 16,18

29 2860 7,83

30 8$22 23,33

2043 5,59

12 5765 15,78

29 10073 27,58

16293 44,61

11 11486 31,45

15 111l 3,04

28 13360 36,58

18 901 2,47

6 7981 21,85

20 2638 7,22

17 3487 9,55

11 4972 13,61

1100 3,01

12 2356 6,45

7371 20,18

12 5765 15,78

26 5809 15,90

10 6919 18,94

25 6965 19,07

M

c:"'" 2 ctI

§ .a .5

~ .c 0. ~ OJ

~ 'a3 .5 .c .~

~ o ro c: OJ <IJ

ro '0 OJ :c ~

X OJ c: ~

McKav, Thomas O'Donohoe, John

Schultz,JonnChnstl<ln

Rodrigue

Robltaille,loulS

Plumb,JosiahBun

Deblois, Pierre Antoine

Ross,JamesGlbb

Turner,James

Lacostl?,Alexandre

McKlndsey,GeorgeCrawford 1929,03.29

McMillan,Donald 1835.0305

McDonald,Wllllam

Bolduc,Joseph

Robltaille,Theodore

Gowan, James Robert

Sulhvan,Michael

Clemow,Francis

Poider, Pascal

Casgrain, Charies Eusebe

Merner,Samuf.'1

Senecal, louis Adelard

McCallum, Lachlin

Sanford,WiliiamE!i

Ross,JohnJones

Abbott, John Joseph Caldwell 1921.03.12

Fortin,Pierre

Rolland,Jean·Baptlste

Macdonald,John

Hardlstv. Richard Charles

Perley, William Dell

Reid,J.1mes

Rodler,Charles·Seraph;n

Pnce,EvanJohn

Ale~al1der

Murphy,Edward

Prowse, Samuel

Boultol1, Charles Arkoll

lougheed,JamesAlexander

Rodrigue

McLaren, Peter

Tasse,Joseph

Montplalslr,Hippolyte

Howl"n, George William

Carllng,John

Snowball,JabezBuntlrlg

Archibald

Dobson,John

Philippe· Robert

Desjardins,Alphonse

Ferguson,Johfl

Berfller,Thomas·Alfred

Prlmrose,Clarence

Bowell,Mackenlie

Angers, Auguste Real

Klrchhoffer,JohnNesbltt

Burns,KennedyFrancis

Ferguson,Donald

Arsenault,JosephOctave

Balrd,GeorgeThomas

Wood,Joslah

Vilieneuve,JosephOclave

O'Bnen,James

Hmgston,WlliiamHales

Owens,Wiliiam

Baker, George Barnard

Adams, Michael

Aikins, James Cox

Conservative

Conservative

Conservative

(1867·1942)

(1867-1942)

(1867-1942)

(1867·1942)

(1867-1942.)

Conservative

(1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

(1867-1942)

(1867·1942)

Conservative

(1867-1942)

Conservative

(1867-1942)

(1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

(1B67·1942)

(1867-1942)

Conservative

(1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

Conservative

(1867-1942)

(1867·1942)

liberal

(1867·1942)

(1867-1942)

Conservative

(1867·1942)

(1g67·1942)

(1867·1942)

Conservative

Conservative

Conservative

Conservatwe

(1867·1942)

(1867-1942)

{1867-1942}

Conservative

Canada

Conservative

Canada

Conservative

(1867-1942)

(1867·1942)

(1867-1942)

(1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

Conservative

(1867·1942)

Conservative

(1867.1942)

Canada

(1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

(1867-1942)

Conservatwe

(1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

ConseNative

ConseNative

Conservative

42 N.S. John 1881.12.24 1912.01.13

58 Ontario John 1882.05.21 1902.12.07

42 Manitoba John 1882.09.23 1888,07.01

56 Quebec John 1882.09.29 1887.02.01

46 Quebec John 1883.02.08 1884.12.28

66 Ontario John 1883.02,08 1888.0:U2

67 Quebec John 1883.02.13 1898.06.21

64 Quebec John 1884.01.11 1888.10.01

57 Ontario john 1884.01.11 1889.10.10

41 Quebec John 1884.01.11 1891.09.15

54 0ntano John 1884.01.11 1901.02.12

48 Ontario John 1884.01.11 1914.07.26

46 N.S. John 1884.05.12 1916.01.04

37 Quebec John 1884.10.03 1924.08.13

51 Quebec John 1885.01.29 1897.08.17

69 OnhrlO John 1885.01.29 1907.02.25

46 Ontario John 1885.01.29 1912.11.29

63 Onhrio John 1885.D2.03 1902.05.28

33 N.S. John 1885.03.09 1933,09.25

61 Ontario John 1887.01.12 1907.03.08

63 Ontario John 1887.01.12 1908.08.11

57 Quebec John 1887.01.25 1887.10.11

63 Ontario John 1887.02.04 1903.01.13

48 Ontario John 1887.02.08 1899.07.10

5SQuebec John 1887.04.12 1901.05.04

66 Quebec John 1887.05.12 1893.10.30

63 Quebec Jonn 1887.05.13 1888.06.15

72 Quebec John 1887.10.22 1888.03.22

620otano John 1887.11.09 1890.02.04

56 NWT John 1888.02.23 1889.10 15

50 NWT John 1888.08.03 1909.07.15

498.C. John 1888.10.08 1904.0503

70 Quebec John 1888.12.01 1890.01.26

48 Quebec John 1888.12.01 1899.08.30

59 Quebec

70 Quebec

54p.E.I.

John 1888,12.01 1910.02.02

1895.12.05

1902.01.14

1899.05.15

1925.11.02

1903,06.11

1919.05.23

1895.01.17

1927.06.20

1894.02.01

1892.02.17

1902.02.01

1912.03.21

1907.01.27

1919.12.20

1896.06.16

1896.09.22

1908,12.30

1902.12.02

1917.12.10

1896.06,10

1914.12,22

1895.06.23

1909.09.04

1897.12.14

1917.04.21

1912.03.12

1901.06.27

1903.05.28

48 Manitoba

35NWT

48 Quebec

56 Ontario

42 Quebec

51 Quebec

S5P.E.1

63 Ontario

53 N.B.

62 P.E.I.

67 OntariO

46 Quebec

Sl Quebec

530niario

4BManitoba

62 N.S.

68 Ontario

55 Quebec

44 Manitoba

51 N.B

54P.E.I.

66p.E.l.

47 N.B.

52 N.B.

59 Quebec

59 Quebec

John 1889.05.30

John 1889.09.14

John 1889.12.10

john 1889.12.10

John 1890.02.03

John 1890.02.21

John 1891.02.09

John 1891.02.09

John 1891.03,25

John 1891,04.27

John 1891.05.01

John 1891.05,11

Joseph 1892.02.23

Joseph 1892.02.23

Joseph 1892.10.01

Joseph 1892.10.01

Joseph 1892.10.27

Joseph 1892.11.28

JohnSparrow 1892.12.05

JohnSparrow 1892.12.16

JohnSparrow 1892.12.16

JohnSparrow 1893.03.21

JohnSparrow 1893.09.04

Mackenzie 1895.02.18

Mackenzie 1895.06.19

Macken2ie 1895.08.0S

MackenzJe 1896.01.02

Mackenzie 1896.01.02

66 Quebec Mackef'llie 1896.01.02 1907.02.19

55 Quebec MackenZie 1896,01.02 1917.06.08

61 Quebec Mackenzie 1896.01.07 1910.02.09

50 N.B. Mackenlie 1896.01.07 1899,01.01

72 Ontano MackenZie 1896.01,07 1904.08,06

Death

Death

Resignation

Resignation

ReSignation

Death

Death

Death

Oeath

Resignation

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Resignation

Resignation

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Resignation

Death

Death

Death

Resignation

ReSignation

ReSignation

Death

Death

Death

Resignation

Death

Death

Death

Death

Resignation

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Resignation

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

13M Merchant

78 M Lawyer

48 M Physician

53 M Lawyer

48 M Physician

71 M Bank Manager

82M Merchant

69M Wholesaler

63M Merc~nt 49 M PrOfeSl;;Dr of Law 71 M PoUceoffioer

79M Physician

78M Postmaater

77 M Lumber merchant

63 M Physician

91M La~r 74 M Professor

81 M Merchant

81 M Lawyer

81 M Physician

85 M Blacksmilh

58 M Financier

79 M Shipowner

60 M Merchan!

69M Physician

72 M lawyer professor

64 M Surgeon 13 M Printer-

65 M BUSinessman

58 M Fur trader

71 M Hotelier

64 M Miner

71 M Merchant

59M Lumber merchant

mM nM MM ~M

nM BM MM NM MM ~M

MM MM UM aM nM BM DM MM nM BM ~M

MM BM mM BM BM aM eM MM

Manager

Salesman

Merchant

Farmer

Lawyer

Lawyer

Merchant

Journallsl

Farmer

Mewhan!

Brewer

Lumbermcrchant

Shipowner

Uquormerchanl

Edilor

Lawyer

Farmer

Lawyer

Insurance agent

Printer

lawYer Lawyer

Memhant

Farmer

Mewhant

Merchant

Industrialist

Liquor merchant

Wholesaler

77 M PhysiCian

77M Merchant

76 M Lawyer

53 M Lawyer

81 M Farmer

'0 20

17

15

17

'0 " " 12 22

27

17

48

" 21

a 15

15

14

20

15

1

21

12 , " 17

" " 20

16

10

20

14

27

10

25

22

16

21

16

11

21

14

2

"

10

10

11

11

11

10

8

11

10

11

8

11

10

7

11

20 10978 30,05

18 7506 20,55

10 2110 5,78

11 6464 17,70

21 691 1,89

1861 5,09

5609 15,36

22 1727 4,13

2101 5,75

2805 7,68

6243 17,09

14 11154 30,54

23 11741 32,15

10 14559 39,86

19 4585 12,55

26 8062 22,07

31 10167 27,83

23 6324 17,31

18 17733 48,55

8 14222 38,94

30 7883 21,58

17 261 0,71

5823 15,94

5632 15,42

22 5136 14,06

20 2364 6,47

401 1,10

1 153 0,42

28 819 2,24

23 601 1,65 Metis

12 7652 20,95

25 5686 15,57

27 423 1,16

29 3925 10,75

" 11

" 10

11

4 27

16

"

25

o 27

25

25

7734

2382

4SO'

3444

13111

MM 10684

1440

13281

7371

5973

3929

7620

5452

10163

1355

1454

5909

3657

9136

1273

8042

825

5844

1031

7978

60M

200'

2704

21,17

6,52

12,34

9,43

35,90

17,70

29,25

3,94

36,36

20,18

16,35

10,76

20,86

14,93

27,82

3,71

3,98

16,18

10,01

25,01

3,49

22,02

2,26

16,00

2,82

21,84

16,60

5,49

7,40

18 4066 11,13

6 7828 21,43

5148 14,09

26 1091 2,99

7 8469 23,19

~

c:~ ,2 ro E .E ,5

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'(jj £; £; '3 ~ .8 '" c: CJ.)

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Macl(een, David

Temple,Thomas

Carling,John

forget, Louis Joseph

Mowat,Ollver

Bechard, Fran~ots

Ttf,baudeau, Alfred

Mills, David

COlf,GeorgeAlbertus

tovitt,John

King, George Gerald

Fiset,Jean-BaptlsteRomuald la43.O~.07

Templeman, William

Dandurand, Raoul

Paquet, Joseph Arthur

Yeo,John

Carmichilel,JamesWliham

Kerr,Wllliam

McSweeney,Peler

fulford,GeorgeTaylor

Watson,Robert

Baby

Voung, Finlay McNaughton

Burpee, Charles

Shehyn, Joseph

Gillmor,ArthurHIII

flUs,JohnValenlll'\e

Wood, Andrew Trew

Mackay, Robert

Jones, lyman Melvin

McHugh, George

Landerk'n, George

Godbout, Joseph

MIIIllIe

Robertson, James Edwin

Pembertol1

Belque,Fredjlrlcliguori

Church,Charies Edward

McMullen,James

Gibson,Wiliiam

Legns, Joseph Hormisdas

Curry, Rufus

Coffey,Thomas

Frost, FrancIs Theodore

Kerr,James Klrkpatnck

Tessler,Jules

Edwards, William Cameron

DomVIUe, James

McGregor, James Drummond 18U.09.01

David, Laurent-Olivier

Cloran.HenrvJoseph

Mitchell,Wilham

Wilson, John Henry

Bostock,Hewltt

Black,ThomasReuben

Cartwright. RkhardJohn

Dilvis, Thomas Osborne

Choquette, Philippe Auguste

Ross, Jilmes Hamilton

Ross,Wiliiam

Roy,Phillppe

Jaffray, Robert

Tillbol.Peter

Douglas, James Moffat

DeVeber, Leverett George

Riley, George

Comeau,AmbrOise·Hllalre

Rrn;s,GeorgeW,!llam

(1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

ConselVatlve

(1867·1942)

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canilda

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

liberal

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

56 N.S.

nN.B.

Mackenzie 1896.02.21 1915.10.15

MackenZie 1896.04.23 1899.08.25

6B Ontano Mackenzie 1896.04.23 1911.11.06

43 Quebec Charles 1896.0615 1911.0407

75 Ontario Wilfnd 1896.07.15 1897.11.17

66 Quebec Wilfrid 1896.07.17 1897.04.13

35 Quebec Wilfrid 1896.08.22 1926.08.15

65 Ontario Wilfrid 1896.11.13 1902.02.07

56 Ontario Wilfrid 1896.11.13 1914.01.16

64 N.S. Wilfnd 1896.12.18 1908.04.13

60N.B. Wilfrid 1896.12.18 1928.04.28

54 Quebec Wilfnd 1897.10.20 1917.01.0S

55B.C. Wilfrid 1897.11.18 1906.02.16

36 Quebec Wilfrid 1898.01.22 1942.03.11

40 Quebec Wilfrid 1898.06.27 1901.03.29

64P.E.I. Wilfnd 1898.11.19 1924.12.14

79N.S. Wilfrid 1898.12.31 1903.04.24

63 Ontario Wilfrid 1899.03.15 1906.11.22

56N.B. Wilfrid 1899.03.1S 1921.02.02

47 Ontario Wilfnd 1900.01.29 1905.10.15

46 Manitoba Wilfrid 1900.01.29 1929.05.19

43 Quebec Wilfnd 1900.01.29 1939.01.06

47 Manitoba Wilfrid 1900.01.30 1916.02.15

82 N.B. Wilfrid 1900.02.01 1900.07.19

70 Quebec Wilfnd 1900.02.05 1918.07.14

76 N.B. Wilfnd 1900.04.02 1903.04.13

65N.B. Wilfrid 1900.09.03 1913.06.10

74 Ontario Wilfrid 1901.01.21 1903.01.21

60 Quebec Wilfrid 1901.01.21 1916.12.25

57 Ontario Wilfnd 1901.01.21 1917.04.15

55 Ontario Wilfrid 1901.01.21 1926.11.28

61 Ontario Wilfnd 1901.02.16 1903.10.04

50 Quebec Wilfrid 1901.04.04 1923.04.01

53 Quebec W!lfnd 1901.05.13 1902.05.01

6IP.E.!. Wilfrid 1902.02.Q7 1915.04.13

55N.a. Wllfrod 1902.02.07 1922.04.27

56 Quebec Wilfrid 1933.09.12

67N.S Wllfrod 1902.02.08 1906.01.03

680ntano Wilfrid 1902.02.11 1913.03.18

52 Ontario Wllfrtd 1902.02.11 1914.0S.04

52 Quebec Wilfnd 1903.02.10 1932.03.06

43 N.S. Wilfrid 1903.03.12 1905.03.30

S90f'ltarlo Wilfrid 1903.03.12 1914.06.08

590f'ltario Wilfrid 1903.03.12 1916.08.2S

61 Ontario Wilfrid 1903.03.12 1916.12.04

50 Quebec Wilfrid 1903.03.12 1934.01.06

SBOntario Wilfrid 1903.03.17 1921.09.17

60N.B. Wilfrid 1903.04.20 1921.07.30

64 N.S Wilfrid 1903.04.24 1910.10.01

63 Quebec Wilfrid 1903.06.19 1926.08.24

"SQuebec Wilfrid 1903.06.30 1928.02.08

52 Quebec Wilfrid 1904.03.05 1926.05.10

700nla,,0 Wilfrid 1904.03.08 1912.07.03

40S.C Wilfrid 1904.06.06 1930.04.28

71 N.S. Wilfrid 1904.06.10 1905.09.14

68 Ontario Wilfrid 1904.09.30 1912.09.24

48NWT Wllfnd 1904.09.30 1917.01.23

50 Quebec Wilfrtd 1904.09.30 1919.12.29

48NWT Wilfrid 1904.09.30 1932.12.14

80N.S. WHfrid 1905.05.18 1912.03.17

3BAIberta Wilfrid 1906.03.08 1911.04.21

74 Ontario Wilfrid 1906.03.08 1914.12.16

51 Alberta Wilfrid 1906.03.08 1919.12.06

66Sask Wilfrid 1906.03.08 1920.08.19

57 Alberta Wilfrid 1906.03.08 1925.07.09

628.C. Wilfrid 1906.03.22 1916.01.19

46N.S. Wilfrid 1907.01.15 1911.08.25

6.5 Ontario Wilfrid 1907.01.15 1914.03.07

R~ignatlon

Death

Death

Death

Resignation

Death

Death

ReSignation

Death

Death

Death

Dealh

R~sl8natiol'l Death

Death

Death

Resignation

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

ReSignation

Death

Oeath

Death

Death

Dilath

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Resignation

Dilath

Death

Death

Death

Dilath

Death

Resignation

Death

Dealh

Dealh

Dealh

Death

Death

Resignation

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Dealh

Death

Death

Resignation

Death

Death

Resignation

Death

Dealh

Death

Death

Dealh

Death

Death

76 M Merchant

80 M Farme.-.lumberman

83 M Brewer

58M Bankar.stockbroker

77 M Lawyer

66M Farmer

65 M BUsl!1ess axecu~va. wholesaler

70M Lawyer.lea<:her

73 M Merchanl. real estata agent. telegraphar

75 M M8stalmatlner.shipown8r

91 M BUSinessman

73 M PhysK:ian

63 M Editor

80 M Aulhor.lawyer

43M Merchant

90M Farmer.shlPownar

83 M Businessman. Shipowner

70 M Lawyer

78M Merchant

S3M

76 M Businessman. Industrialist

82 M Aulhor,cIVlienglneer.lal'\dsurvey

63 M Farmer

83 M Farmer

88M Wholesaler

79 M Farmer. lumberman

78M Aulr.or.acfltorjoumallst

76 M Businessman

76M Wholesaler

73M Manager

81 M Farmer

64 M PhYSician

72 M Physlclsn

S4M

74 M Physician

76M Not listed

88 M Lawyer

71 M Merchaf'lt,leacher

19M

64 M Conlraclor.englnea.

81 M Farmer

45 M Manufaciurar.sh,powner

70M Pnnter.publisher

72 M Manufacturer

75 M Lawyer

81 M Lawyer

17 M BUStneumaf'l. lumber merchant

78 M Merchant. ShIpbUilder

12 M Marchant. shipowner

86 M Aulhar.Jomnallst lawyer, newspaper owner

72 M Edl1or. !awyer, prolessor

7S M Lumbarmarchant

78M Physlclan.prolessor

65 M FrlJ1tgrower.lawyer.newspaparpUbltsher,fanchar

12 M 8u~der. farmer

76 M Author. banker, businessman 60 M Merchant

65M Judge. lawyer

76 M Ranc:her

87M Merchant. shipbuilder

43 M Physician

82 M Grocer

6SM Farmar.8choolpnnclpal

81 M Farmer, mmlster. mtSSlonalY

76 M PhYSICian

12M Merchant

50M Merchant

12 M Joull'lalist. school admlnlslralor. teacher

19

16

14

" 17

11

31

19

44

2

26

7

21

" " 16

o 18

3

12

15

16

2S

2

21

13

20

31

11

12

29

11

13

13

30

18

7

" 24

22

25

12

15

" 6

13

14

19

11

10

3

11

11

10

7

11

11

2

10

10

11

23 7176 19,65

3 1221 3,34

5973 16,35

23 5410 14,81

492 1,35

28 272 0,74

24 10951 29,98

26 1913 5,24

6274 17,18

25 4134 11,32

10 11455 31,36

17 7018 19,21

30 3013 8,25

18 16119 44,13

1007 2,76

26 9523 26,07

23 1575 4,31

2809 7,69

21 7996 21,89

17 2087 5,71

20 10704 29,30

14222 38,94

16 5860 16,04

17 169 0,46

6735 18,44

11 1107 3,03

8 466S 12,77

731 2,00

5819 15,93

25 5930 16,24

9444 25,86

17 961 2.63

8034 22,00

20 355 0,97

6 4815 13,18

20 7386 20.22

11541 31.60

26 1426 3,90

4054 11,10

23 4467 12,23

26 10618 29,07

20 751 2,05

29 4108 11,25

16 4916 13,46

26 5018 13,74

29 11260 30,83

6761 18,51

11 6677 18,28

2718 7,44

8469 23,19

11 8990 24,61

8102 22,18

27 3040 8,32

23 9459 25,90

463 1,27

26 2918 7,99

25 4499 12,32

SO 5570 15,25

16 10304 28,21

31 2496 6,83

15 1872 5,12

11 3207 8,78

5023 13,75

14 5280 14,45

3 7065 19,34

31 3592 9,83

10 1684 4,61

22 2609 7,14

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Costigan, John

Giilmor,Daniel

Selth,Robert

OessauUes,Georges·Caslmir

Campbell,Archibald

Derbyshire,Daniel

8ekourt, Napoleon Aroloine

Chevner, NoeE.

Rall,Valentlne

Boyer,Arthur

Prince,JosephBenjamin

Roche,Wllliam

FarreH,EdwardMatthew lavergne,louis Forget,Amedee·Emmanuel

Wilson,Joseph-Marcellin

Prowse, BenJilmm Charles

BeU, Adam Carr

Clemenf

Taylor,George

Pope, Rufus Henry

Oaniel,JohnWaterhouse

Corby, Henn,o

Gordon, George

McKay,Wllliam

Dennls,Wllllam

Murphy,Pa\(lckCilarles

Ross, William BenJamlrl

Curry,Nathaniel

Glttolr, Edward Lavirl

Mason, James

McCall,AlexiI!'\der

Smith, Ernest D'israeli

OormellY,Jamesi

Thorne,WlliiamHenry

Sproule, Thomas Simpson

Mllne,John

Mclean,John

Beaubien,Charies-Philippe

Mclennan, John Stewart

Sharpe, Wilham Henry

Clive

Richardson, Henry Westman

Crosby, Adam Brown

Nlcholls,Frederlc

Robert.on,Gideon Decker

Lynch-Staunton,George

Tanner, Charles Elliott

Bourque,Thomas-Jean

lalrd,HenryWllioughby

Shatford,LyttonWllmot

Planta, Albert

Fowler,GeorgeWiliiam

8lam,Rlchard

Fisher, John Henry

L'Esperance,DavldOvide

McMeans,Lendrum

Foster,GeorgeGreen

White,RlchardSmeaton

Macdonell,AngusClaude

Benard,Aime

Bartley

Schaffner, Frederick laurence 1655.0e.18

Taylor, James Dallis

Barnard, George Henry

Bennett,WllhamHumphrey

Bradbury, George Henry

Michener, Edward

1663.09.02

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Can .. da

Caoada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

C .. oada

C .. oada

Canada

(1861-1942)

(1861-1942)

(1861-1942)

(1867-1942)

(1867·1942)

(1867-1942)

(1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

Conset\latille

(1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

{1867-1942}

(1867·1942)

{1867·1942}

{1867·1942}

(1861.1942)

(1867·194:2)

(1867·1942)

(1867-1942)

(1867·1942)

(1867-1942)

(1867-1942)

(1867-1942)

(1867·1942)

(1867-1942)

(1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

(1861-1942)

{1867-1942}

(1867·19-42)

(1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

(1867-1942)

(1867-1:142)

(1867-1942)

(1867-1942)

(1867-1942)

(1867-1942)

(1867·1942)

(1867-1942)

(1867·1942)

(1867-1942)

(1867-1942)

(1867-1942)

(1867-1942)

(1867-1:142)

(1867-1942)

(1867-1942)

(1867-1942)

71 N.B Wilfrid 1907.01.15 1916.09,29

57 N.B. Wilfrid 1907.01.15 1918.02.22

63 Ontario Wilfrid 1907,01.15 1922.01.26

79 Quebec Wilfrid 1907.03.12 1930.04.19

620ntano Wilfrid 1907.11.22 1913.01.15

60 On13rio Wilfrid 1907.11.22 1916.06.18

47 Ontario Wilfrid 1907,11.22 1932.08.07

62 Manitoba Wilfnd 1909.01.18 1911.10.09

60 Ontario Wilfrid 1909.01.18 1924.03.01

58 Quebec Wilfrid 1909.06.28 1922.01.24

S4 Sask Wilfrid 1909.07.29 1920.10.26

67 N.5 Wilfrid 1910.01.12 1925.10.19

55 N.S. Wilfrid 1910.01.12 1931.08.06

64 Quebe<: Wllffid 1910.10.13 1930.01.01

63 Alberta Wilfrid 1911.0S.02 1923.06.08

51 Quebec Wilfrid 1911.05.03 1939.01.01

48 P.E.I. Wilfnd 1911.05.0S 1930.02.22

63 N.S. Robert Laird 1911.10.23 1912.10.30

69 Manitoba Roberttatrd 1911.10.23 1917.09.01

71 Ontario Robert laird 1911.11.14 1919.03.26

54 Quebec Robert laird 1911.11.14 1944.0S.16

67 N.B. Robert laird 1912.03.18 1933.01.11

61 Ontario RobertL"lrd 1912.10.17 1917.04.23

470ntano Robert laird 1912.10.17 1942.02.03

65 N.S Robertl"lrd 1912.11.20 1915.11.08

56 N.S Robert Laird 1912.11.20 1920.07.11

44P.EI. Robert laird 1912.11.20 192503.06

56 N.S Robert laird 1912.11.20 1929.01.10

61 N.S. Robert L,"rd 1912.11.20 1931.10.23

41 N.S. Robert Laird 1912.11.20 1932.05.08

6fI Ontano Robert Laird 1913.05.26 1918.07.16

72 Ontario Robert Laird 1913.0526 1925.06.10

59 Ontario Robert Laird 1913.05.26 1946.01.10

460ntano Robert Laird 1913.0526 1948.1020

68 N.B. Robert laird 1913.07.26 1923.07.08

72 Ontario Robert Laird 1915.12.03 1917.11.10

76 Ontario Robert laird 1915.12.03 1922.03.04

6fI P.E.I. Robert laird 1915.12.03 1936.02.20

4SQuebec Roberttalrd 1915.12.03 1949.01.17

62 N.S. Robertliurd 1916.02.10 1939.09.15

47 Manitoba Roberttaird 1916.02.10 1942.04.19

45 OntariO Robert laird 1917.01.08 1920.05.02

61 Ontario Robert Laird 1917.01.20 1918.10.27

57 N.5. Robert Laird 1917.01.20 1921.03.10

60 Ontario Robert Laird 1917.01.20 1921.10.25

42 Ontario Robert Laird 1917.01.20 1933.08.05

58 Ontario Robert Laird 1917.01.20 1940.03.19

59 N.S. Robert laird 1917.01.20 1946.01.13

53 N.B. Robert laird 1917.01.20 1952.02.16

495ask Roberttatrd 1917.01.31 1940.09.30

44 B.C. Robert laird 1917.06.26 1920.11.08

4BS.c. Robertlatrd 1917.06.26 1935,12.11

58 N.B. Robert Laird 1917.06.29 1924.09.02

59 Ontario Robert laird 1917.07.26 1926.11.21

62 OntariO Robert Laird 1917,07.26 1933.12.01

53 Quebec Robert Laird 1917.07.26 1941.08.31

57 Manitoba Robert Laird 1917.07.26 1941.09.13

57 Quebec Robert laird 1917.07.27 1931.05.01

52 Quebec Robert Lalfd 1917.07.30 1936.12.17

560otario Robert Laird 1917.08.01 1921.01.01

43 Manitoba Robert Laird 1917.09.03 1938.01.08

58 5ask Robert laird 1917.10.23 1932.08.01

62 Manitoba Robert laird 1917.10.23 1935.05.22

54 B.C. Robertlalfd 1917.10.23 1941.05.11

49 B.C. Robert Laird 1917.10.23 1945.11.08

57 OntariO Robert Laird 1917.11.13 1925.03.15

58 Manitoba Robert Laird 1917.12.17 1925.09.06

4B Alberta Robert laird 1918.02.05 1947.06.16

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Resigoation

Death

Resignation

Oeatll

Death

Resignation

Death

Death

Death

Dealh

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

De .. th

Resignation

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Deatk

Death

Death

Death

De .. tk

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Resignation

Death

Death

Death

Death

De .. th

Death

Death

Reslgoalion

Death

Death

Death

Death Resignation

Death

Death

Death

81M Judge

68 M Merchant

78 M Farmer

102 M Admlnlslrator

67 M Businessman. miller

69 M Oairyproprlelor,producedealer.taacher

71 M Lawyer

65 M Clothfflr,/urlra<:ier

75 M Lumber merchant

70M Merchant

65 M Farmef.m~ler,rancl1er

83M Merchant,passoogeragent

17M Pnnter,pubhher

84M Edltor.nolary

75 M lawyer

79M Merchant

67M Merchant

64 M Author.mllfchilnl

75M Correspondent,edilor

78M Industrialist

86M Breecter.larmer

87 M PhysiCian

6SM

76M Lumber merchant

68 M Physici<ln

64 M Editor. JOurnalist. publisher

56 M Physicl<ln

73 M Lawyer

80 M Building conlraclor. manulaclurer. miner. r .. llway employee

60M Lawyer,leclurer

74 M Banker

84 M Lumbermerchsnt

92 M Fru't 9rower. ,ndustrial'sl. merchant. nUr$1lrymsn

81 M Lumberman.preSldentimanager,rarn:her

78 M Merchant

74 M BUSinessman tarmer,phY$lclan

83 M Foundryman

89 M Clerk,marchant,leacher

69 M Lawyer

8S M Industllalist.publlsher

74 M Merchant

49 M Lawyer

63 M Gralnrnerchant

61 M EXporltll.memhanl

64 M Nollisted

58 M Tele9rapher

81M lawyer

88 M Lawyer

87M Physlc'an

72 M Journalist, wholesaler

47 M Accountant bUsinessman

67 M F,nanclatagent/adviser/consuitenl.lnsuranctlagenl

65 M lawyer 68M Marchant

78M Merchant

71 M Manutacturer

82 M Lawyer

71 M lawyer

71 M Notlisled

59 M Lawyer

64M Farmer. flnanc,al agenl/adviser/consullant

73 M Lawyer

79M Physlc,an

77M Publlsher,leporte'

77 M Lawyer 65 M Lawyer

66M Manufacturer

71 M Broker

11

15

23

5

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12

11

15

21

19

12

27

18

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18

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23

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16

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20

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10

11

11

, 11

11

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16 3547 9,71

4057 11,11

23 5502 15,06

8440 23,11

26 1883 5,15

28 3133 8,58

17 9027 24,71

21 995 2,72

13 5522 15,12

29 4595 12,58

30 4109 11,25

5761 1S,n

25 7878 21,57

21 7022 19,22

4421 12,11

10106 27,67

21 6869 18,81

374 1,02

11 2142 5,86

12 2691 7,37

11874 32,51

27 7606 20,82

1651 4,52

19 10703 29,30

20 1085 2,97

21 2791 7,64

16 4490 12,29

22 5896 16,14

4 6913 18,93

18 7110 19,47

22 1879 5,14

16 4399 12,04

17 11918 32,63

27 12933 35,41

14 3636 9,9S

10 710 1,94

1 2284 6,25

20 7386 20,22

5 10597 29,01

8619 23,60

10 9567 26,19

24 1211 3,32

647 1,77

20 1511 4,14

6 1741 4,77

16 6043 16,s4

29 8460 23,16

25 10587 28,99

27 12811 35,07

30 8644 23,67

15 1233 3,37

16 6743 18,46

2624 7,18

3413 9,34

S974 16,36

8803 24,10

20 8816 24,14

6 5028 13,77

20 7082 19,39

2 1250 3,42

7434 20,35

11 5398 14,78

30 6422 17,58

19 8602 23,55

17 10244 28,OS

2681 1,34

21 2821 7,72

11 10725 29,36

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Todd,lrv!ngRimdall

Ale~ander

Webster,lohn

Blondin, Pierre Edouard

O'Bnen,MI(haeIJohn

Turtlff,JohnGllianders

Proudfoot,Wiliiam

White,GeraldVemer

Thomas

Webster,lorneCampbell

Stanfleld,John

McDonald,JohnAnthony

Grlesbach,WlIliamAntrobus

McCormlck,John

Reid,JohnOowsley

foster, George tula~

Calder,JamesAle~ander

Crothers, Thomas Wilson

Green, Robert Francis

Gilhs,Archlbald8eaton

Kemp, Albert Edward

Macdonell,Anh,baldHaves

Black,FrankBuntlng

Crowe, Sanford Johnston

Martin,PeterFranCIS

McCoig, Archibald Blake

Hardy, Arthur Charles

Pardee,FrederickForsvth

Boyer, Gustave Benjamm

Turgeon,Oneslphore

Aylesworth,Allen Bristol

Colit,JeanLeon

Haydon, Andrew

Robinson,C!lffordWlliiam

Lessard,Prosper·Edmond

Bureau,Jacques

Beland,Hellfisevenn

lewis,John

Murphy,Charies

Hughes, James Joseph

MacArthur,Creelman

Buchanan, William AshburV

Rankin, James Palmer

Copp,ArthurBhss

MoUoy,JohnPatnck

McDouga!d,WllffidLaurier

Riley, Daniel Edward

Hatfield, Paul lacombe

Graham,George Perry

McGuire, William Henry

Raymond, Donat

ParadIS,Philippe·Jacques

1866.01).Q1

lB7302.03

laflamme, Napoleon Kemner lBSS,10.22

Spence, James Houston

little, Edgar Sydney

Gustave

Fo$ter, Walter Edward

Horsey, Henry Herbert

logan, Hance James

Forke, Robert

Wilson, Cairine Reay 1885.02.04

Murdock,James 1871.08.15

lemleu~,Rodolphe 1866.11.01

Parent,Georges 1819.12.15

Prevost,Jules·Edouard 1811.11,21

Tobin, Edmund William 1865.09.14

Wilson, Lawrence Alexander 1863,06.14

Canada

(1867·1942!

(1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

(1867.1942)

Canada

Canada

(libera!)

(1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

Independent

(1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

(liberal)

(lS67-1942)

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Progressive

liberal Party of

liberal Party of

liberal Party of

tiberal Party of

UberalPartyof

Uberal Party of

liberal Party of

45 Alberta

56 N.B.

570ntano

Robert laird 1918.02.05 1947.09,09

Robert Laird 1918.03 07 1932.12.27

Robert laird 1918.03.12 1927.10.01

610nt",lo Robert laird 1918.03,12 1925.12.01

43 Quebec Robert laird 1918.07.20 1943.10.29

66 Ontario Robert laird 1918.09.01 1925.09.01

62Sask Robert laIrd 1915,09.23 1930.11.10

60 Ontario Robert laird 1919.11.06 1922.12.03

40 Ontario Robert laird 1919.11.06 1948.10.24

61 Quebec Robert laird 1919.12.31 1946.07.15

4B Quebec Robert laird 1920.01.10 1941.09.27

52 N.S. Arthur 1921.02.17 1934.01.22

45 N.B. Arthur 1921.02.17 1948.12,12

43 Alberta

62 N.5.

Arthur

Arthur

1921.09.15 1945.01.21

1921.09.21 1936.02.21

620ntano Arthur 1921.09.22 1929.08.26

74 Ontario Arthur 1921,09,22 1931.12.30

53 5ask Arthur 1921.09,22 1956.07.20

11 Ontario

59B.C.

51sask

630ntano

Arthur

Arthur

Arthur

Arthur

1921.10.03 1921.12.10

1921.10.03 1946.10.05

1921.10.17 1940,01.18

1921.11.04 1929.08.12

530nlario Arthur 1921.11.07 1939.11.12

52 N.B. Arthllf 1921.11.25 1945.02.28

52B.C. Arthllr 1921.12.01 1931.08 23

65 N.S. Arthllr 1921.1205 1935.0502

480nl3rlo Lyon 1922.01.04 1927.11.21

49 Ontario lyon 1922.02.10

550ntano Lyon 1922.03.11 1927.02.04

50 Quebec lyon 192203.11 1927,U.02

73 N.B. lyon 1922.10.27 1944.11.1S

68 Ontario lyon 1923.01.11 1952.02.13

56 Alberta Lyon 1923.08.14 1924.09.23

56 Ontario

57 N.S.

52 Alberta

65 Quebec

55 Quebec

67 Ontario

620ntano

69 P,LI.

51P.E.1.

49 Alberta

70 Ontario

55 N.B,

52 Manitoba

44 Quebec

65 Alberta

53 N.S

670ntano

510ntano

46 Quebec

59 Quebec

62 Quebec

60 OntariO

42 OntariO

370ntano

55 N.B.

57 Ontario

59 N.S.

69 Manitoba

45 Ontario

58 Ontario

63 Quebec

50 QlIebec

58 QlIebec

64 Quebec

66 Quebec

lyon 1924.03.10

lyon 1924.05.05

lyon 1925.09.05

lyon 1925.09.05

Lyon 1925.09.05

Lyon 1925.09.05

lyon 1925,09.05

Lyon 1925.09.05

Lyon 1925.09.05

lyon 1925,09.05

lyon 1925,09.09

lyon 1925.09.25

lyon 1925.10,06

lyon 1926.0625

Lyon 1926,06.25

Lyon 1926.10.07

lyon 1926,12.20

Lyon 1926.12.20

Lyon 1926.12,20

Lyon 1927.12.14

lyon 1927.12,21

lyon 1928.01.10

lyon 1928.01.10

Lyon 1928.01.10

lyon 1925.U.06

Lyon 1928.12.14

lyon 1929,02.0S

Lyon 1929.12.30

King, William l\ 1930.02.15

King, WIHiam l,1930.03,20

King, William L,1930.06.03

Klng,WilliamL,1930.06.03

King,WUUamL\1930.06.03

King,Williaml\1930.06.03

King, William l\ 1930.06.03

1932.1110

1944.07.27

1931,04.11

1933.0123

1935.04.22

1935.05.18

1935.11.24

1941.03.05

1943.12.27

1954,07,11

1934.06.15

1949.12.05

1948.03.16

1932.05.Q3

1948.04.27

1935.01.28

1943.01.01

1957.10.31

1963.06.05

1933.06.20

1929.08.10

1939.02.21

1943.12.22

1953.01.18

1947.11.14

1942.01.06

1944,12.26

1934.02.02

1962.03.03

1949.05.15

1937.09.28

1942,12.14

1943.10.13

1938.06.24

1934.03.03

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Resignation

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Oeath

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Re5!gnatlon

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Oeath

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Died

Died

Died

Died

Died

Died

~ied

74 M Rallroadlelegrspher

71 M Lumber mercha~t

67 M Businessman

12M Producedealar

68M Lawyar.nol&ry

73 M Contractor

74 M Farmer.marchant

63 M lawyer

69M Minongengill8er

88M Author,editor historian, Journahst, professor

69 M Bustnessman

65M lndustllalis!

12M Manufacturer

67 M lawyer

77M Merchant

70 M Physician

84M Professor,teaeher

S7M LSWY"',sci1ooladmOis\,ato',tcilchcr

71M La~r,l"acher

84 M Businessman

15M Fanner, postmaster

11 M Busmessman

71 M NotUsted

76 M Lumber merci1anl, manufacturer. president I manager

62 M Contractor

79 M Contractor

54 M Agenl.farmer

89 M lawyer

60 M Barrisler

56 M Gentleman, journalist

95M Edllor,loumal,sl

97 M Lawyer

57 M Enginee,.lal\dslJf\/eVOI

Lawyer

Lawyer

Broker, merchant

Lawy.,

Physician

Author. Journalist

Lawye'

Exporter,merchant, passenger agent

Merchanl

Journ.ahsl,pubhsher

PhySIC!an, surgeon

Lawyer.tearoer

FarmBr.velennarysurgeon

Physician

Insurance agent. rancher. real "otate agenl

8roker, msursnce agenl,masler manner

Editor.loulnahl

Lawyer

Finant:ier

Manulaclurer

lawyer

La",,",

Wholesaler

Author,edllorjournajist,physlCian

Nollialed

Businessman

La"""" Farmer

Homemaker, soc!al worker Trainman, union officer

Aulhor, lawyer, lecturer

l~wyer

Journalist, publisher

Minister· Fed

Minister· Fed

MP

MP

aM nM gM nM aM nM nM MM WM

.M MM MM nM mM UM aM UM ~M

UM MM aM HM gM ~M

HM mM nM UM nf nM mM ~M

HM nM mM

Lumber merchant, manufacturer, me MP

liquor merchant, wholesaler MP

29

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10

25

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23

14

10

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4 10809 29,59

23 5410 14,81

22 3492 9,56

23 3919 10,73

11 9234 25,28

255S 7,00

19 4432 12,14

28 1124 3,08

20 10582 28,97

16 9695 26,54

19 7933 21,72

4724 12,93

26 10162 27,82

8531 23,36

5268 14,42

2897 7,93

3753 10,27

29 12721 34,83

70 0,19

9134 25,01

6669 18,26

2840 7,77

6581 1S,02

8497 23,26

23 3554 9,13

28 4898 13,41

18 2149 5,8S

2 14642 40,09

27 1192 4,91

24 2094 5,73

24 8060 22,07

4 10627 29,09

12 408 1,12

24

20

17

13

20

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10

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3169

7390

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2699

3517

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5661

6689

10537

3203

8839

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2141

7979

3036

5857

11274

13317

2017

599 4061

5827

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6919

4772

5804

1496

11705

6997

2675

4579

4882

2944

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8,67

20,23

5,60

7,39

9,63

9,70

10,22

15,50

18,31

2S,85

8,77

24,20

22,44

5,86

21,84

8,31

16,04

30,87

36,46

5,52

1,64

11,12

15,95

25,03

18,94

13,07

15,89

4,10

32,05

19,16

7,32

12,54

13,37

8,06

3,75

English

English

French

French

French

Presbyteri~n

r-­c<;;j'

.Q ro §

~ ~ :c 0-~ OJ o :0 .... '(jj £ £ .~

f!? .8 CO c (]) <Jl

ro '0 (])

:0 ~

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<C

King, James Horace

Sindair, John Ewen

Burns, Patrick

Marcotte, Arthur

1873.01.18

1879.12.24

1856.07.06

1873.03.08

McRae,Ale~anderDuncan 1874.11.17

Ballantyne, Charles Colquhour 1867.08.09

Dennis, William Henrv 1887,03.31

Macdonald, John Alexander 1883.01.03

Melghen,Arthur 1874.06.16

Brown, Albert Joseph 1861.07.08

Rainville, Joseph Hormisdas 1875.03.08

liberal Party of

liberal Party of

Independent

Conservative (i.

Conservative (1.

Conserviltive(l.

Conservative (1.

Conservative!!.

Conservative(l

COJ'lsef'l/ative(l

Conservatlve(l Aseltine, Walter Morley 1886.09.03 Conservative (1

Cota, LoUIs 1890,09.13 Conservatlve(l,

Fauteu~,Gulliallme-Ar1dre 1874.10.20 Conservatlve!l

Fripp, Allred Errtest 1866,06.2'3 Conservat!ve(1

Hocken, HoralioClarence 1857.10,12 Conservatlve(!

Horner,RalphByron 188406.26 Conservative (1

Moraud, lucien 1885.05.16 Conservative (1

Arthurs,James 1866.10.04 Conservallve(l

Cantley, Thomlls 1857.04.19 Conservative (1

Fallis, Iva Campbell 1883,06.23 Conservative (1

Jones, George Burpee 1866.01.09 Conservative (1

Macdonald. John Alellander 187404,12 Conservative (1

QlIinn. Fehll PatrICk 1874,11.02 Conservative ~1

Rhodes, Edgar Nelson 1877.01.05

Rob;cheau.Jean-loLJIS PhiliPP' 1874.06.30

Sauve. Arthur 1874.10.01

Sutherland, Donald 1863.04.08

Fortin. ErnUe 1878.02.18

Halg, John Thomas 1877.12.15

Leger, AntOine Josep~ 1880.10.16

Mullins, HenrvAlfred 1861.08.27

Paquet,Eugene 1867.10.23

Smith, Benjamin franklin 1865.05.08

Bourgeols,Charles 1879.07.29

O'Connor, FrankPatfick 1885.04.09

McOonald.Charies 1867,????

Duff,William 1872,04.28

farris, lohn Wallace de Beque 1878.12.03

HUgessen, Adriarl Norton Krlat1891.07.05

lambert. Norman Platt 1885.01.07

Mal"5hall, DuncarlMcLean 1872.09.24

Beaubierl, Art~ur-Luderl 1879.02.11

Bla!s,AflStlde 1875.10,18

Elliott,Jo~nCampbell 1872.07,25

Fafard,Joseph·Fernand 1882.08.25

MacLennan,Donald 1877.03,02

Stevenson,lohnlames 1873.05.11

Beauregard,Elle 1884,07.08

Hayden,SalterAdrian 1896.05.31

Howard,ChariesBerljamln 1885.09.27

Paterson, Norman Mcleod 1883.08.03

David, louis-Athanase 1882.06.24

5t-Pere,Edouard-Charles 1876.09.24

Duffus, Joseph James 1876.06,17

Hushiorl, William James 1883.11,06

Euler, William Daum 1875.07.10

Gouin,Leon Merder 1891.12.24

Vlen, Thomas 1881.07.19

Du Tremblay, Pamphlle Real B 1879.03.05

Bench,JohnJoseph 1905,05.01

Davies,Wil!lamRupert 1879.09.12

Mcintyre. James Peter 1883.07.19

Campbell. Gordon Peter 1898.1003

Robertson, Wishart Mclea 1891.02.15

Johnston, John Frederick 1876.07.16

Daigle,Armand 1892,05.16

lesage, Joseph Arthur 1881.05.07

Conservative (1

Conservative {I.

Conservative (1

Conservative (1.

Conservative (1

Conservative (1

Conservlltlve(l

Conservative (1

Conservative {I,

Conservatlve{l

ConservatlVe{t.

liberal Party of

liberal Party of

liberal Party of

liberal Party of

liberal Party of

Liberal Party of

liberal Party of

liberal Party of

liberal Party of

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liberal Party of

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liberal Party of

tiberal Party of

liberal Party of

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liberal Party of

liberal Party of

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liberal Party of

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liberal Party of

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liberal Party of

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UberalPartyof

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liberal Party of

liberal Party of

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liberal Party of

57 B.C.

SOP.E.I.

74 Albert"

S8Sask

56 B.C.

64 Quebec

44 N.S.

49 N.S.

57 Ontario

71 Quebec

57 Quebec

King, William l\ 1930.06.07 1955.07.14

Klng,WiliiamL\1930.06.07 1949.12.23

Bennett, RlchaI1931.07.06 1936.06.01

Bennett, Richar1931.07.06 19S8.08.18

Bennett, RlcilaI1931.09.04 1946.06.26

Bennett, Richal1932.02.03 1950.10.19

Bennett, Rkhaf1932.02.03 1954.01.18

Bennett, Richaf1932.03.02 1945.06.11

Bennett, RichaI1932,03.02 1942.01.16

Bennett, RlchaI1932.10,06 1938.11,16

Bennett. RichaI1932.10.06 1942.04.14

47 Sask Bennett. Richal1933.12.30 1971.03.31

43 Ontario Bennett, RlchaI1933,12.30 1943.02.02

59 Quebec Bennett, RlchaI1933,12.30 1940.09.10

67 Ontario Bennett, Rlchat1933.12.30 1938.03.25

760nta(lo Bennen,RlChaI19B.12.30 1937.02.18

49Sask Bennett, RkhaI1933.12.30 1964.12.14

48 Quebec Bennett,RlchaI1933.12.30 1951.05.29 68 Ontario

78N.S.

52 Ontario

69N.B.

61P,E.I.

60 N.S,

Bennell, Richat1935.07.20 1937.10.07

Bennett, Rlcha, 1935.07.20 1945,02.24

BeMel!, RichaI1935,07.20 1956.03.07

Bennett,RichaI1935.07.20 1950.04.27

Bennett, Rlcha, 1935.07.20 1948.11.15

Bennett,Richar1935.07.20 1961.03.28

58 N.S. Bennett. Richa, 1935.07,20 1942.03.15

61 N.S. BeMen, RichaI1935.07,20 1948.0301

60 Quebec Bennett, RlchiIl1935.07.20 1944.02,06

72 Ontario Bennett, RichaI1935.07.20 1949.01.01

57 Quebec Bennett, Richat1935,08.14 1936.05.18

57 Manitoba Bennett, Rlchat1935.08.14 1962.01,17

54 N.B. Bennett, RldlaI1935.08.14 1'350.04.07

73 Manitoba Bennett, Richa. 1935.08.14 1950,09.05

67 Quebec Bennett, Rlchar1935.08.14 1951.05.08

70 N.B. Bennett, Richa.1935.08.14 1944.05.20

56 Quebec Bennett, RichaI1935.08.15 1940.05.15

SO OntariO King, William l\ 1935.12,06 1939.08.21

688.C. King,Wllllaml,1935.12.30 1936.10.06

63 N.S. King, William l\1936.02.28 1953.04.25

58 B.C. King, William L\1937.01.09 1970.02.25

45 Quebec King, William L\1937.01.12 1967.01.01

53 OntariO Kmg, William L\1938.01.20 1965,11.04

65 Ontario Klng,WilllamL\1938.01.20 1946.01.16

60 Manitoba King,Williaml\1940.01.29 1969,02.01

64 Alberta Kirlg,WiliiamL\1940.01.29 1964.11.10

67 Ontario Kmg, William l\1940.01.29 1941.12.20

57 Quebec Kll1g,Wlliiaml,1940.01.29 1955.05.14

62N.S. King,WiliiamL\1940.01.29 1953.10,19

66Sask King,Wi1llamL\1940.01.29 1956.09,21

55 Quebec King, Wl1Uam L\ 1940.02.09 1954.08,27

43 Ontario King, Wilham l,1940.02.09 1983.11.01

S4 Quebec King, William L\1940.02,09 1964.03.25

56 Ontario King, WIlliam t\1940.02,09 1981.06.18

57 Quebec King, William l\1940.02,09 1953.01.26

63 Quebec King, William t\1940.02.09 1950.01.31

63 Ontario King, William L\1940.02.15 1957.02.07

56 Quebec King, William L\1940.02.15 1954.01.29

64 Ontario King, William L\1940.05.11 1961.07.15

48 Quebec Klng,WllllamL\1940.11.07 1976.03.18

61 Quebec Kin8, William l\1942.10.05 1968.04,01

63 Quebec Kmg, William L,1942.11.19 1955.10,06

370ntano King.WllhamL\1942.11,19 1947.12.09

630nlario King, William l\ 1942.11.19 1967.03.11

S9 P.E.I. King,Wilhaml,1943.02.19 1957.04.08

44 Ontario King, William l\1943.02 19 1964.01.16

S2N.S. King,WilliamL\1943.02.19 1965.12.24

67 Sask King. William l\1943.10.05 1948.05.09

51 Quebec King, William l, 1944.03.03 1957.03.08

62 Quebec King. Wilham l\ 1944.03.03 1950.03.09

Died

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52 M Crown Attorney, lawyer

65M lawyer

71 M lawver

79 M Journalist, publisher

80M farmer

lawyer, lecturer

71 M Gentleman, merchant

87 M Manufacturer

72 F Homemaker, teacher

84 M Business executive. merchant

74 M Exporter. merchant

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lawyer

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Minister-Fed

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Physician, surgeon

la\N'yer, solicitor Minister· Fed

land surveyor

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lawver Alderman

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lawyer MNA - Quebec

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14,81

18,71

21,96

13,28

9,88

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13607 37,25

3323 9,10

13 2448 6,70

26 1548 4,24

21 1147 3,14

16 11308 30,96

30 6361 17,42

20 811 2,22

3508 9,61

19 7537 20,64

9 5396 14,77

29 4869 13,33

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6,66

12,62

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13,46

0,77

26,43

14,65

15,06

15,74

8,77

4,76

3,71

0,77

17,16

33,13

29,14

27,79

'.00 29,01

24,79

1,90

15,29

13,13

16,65

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43,73

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41,36

12,97

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21,18

35,36

25,49

12,88

5,06

24,31

14,14

20,91

22,85

4.60

13,02

6,02

English Baptist

English UnitedChIJfCh

English Presbyterian

English United Church

English United Church

french

English Catholic

French Catholic

English Presbyterian

English UnltedChufch

English Presbyterian

English Catholic

English Presbyterian

French

English UnitedChllfch

French Cathoilc

English United Church

french Catholic

EngliSh Presbyterian

English Baptist

English Anglican

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Frencn Catholic

French Calho!lc

frerlch CatholiC

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French CatholIC

English Catholic

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English Presbyterian

French Cat~olk

French Catholic

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English Catholic

Engli~h Lutheran

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French Calholic

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english Presbyterian

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Bouchard, Telespnore-Oa.mien 1881.12.20 Liberal Party of

Vaillal'\court,Cyrllle 1892.01.17 liberal Party of

Nicol,Jacob 1876.04.25 liberalPartvof

Crerar, ThomasAle~ander 1876.06.17 liberal Party of

McLean,AlexanderNel! 1885.11.12 UberalPartyof

Taylor, William Horace 1889.12.07 Liberal Party of

Bishop, Charles Lawrence 1876.12.10 Liberal Party of

DUPUIS, Vincent 1889,01.22 liberal Party of

Ferland, Charles-ldouard 189203.02 Liberal Party of

Gershaw, FrederiCK William 1883,04.11 liberal Party of

Howden, John Power 1879.12.05 liberal Party of

Kinley, John James 1881.10.15 libetal Party of

McDonald, John Ale~ander 1889.09.2<1 Liberal Party of

Roebuck, Arthur Wentworth 1878.0~.28 Liberal Party of

Venlot,C!arenceJoseph 1886.02.09 LTberalPartyof

Burchill. George Percival 1889.11.03 LTberal Party of

Pirie. FredefickWiliiam 1893.02.01 LTberal Party of

Robinson. Brewer Waugh 1891.01.09 LTberal Party of

McGeer, Gerald Grattan 188801.06 liberal Party of

Dessureault.Jean-Mane 1888.12.30 liberal Party of

HurtubTse,Joseph Raoul 1882.07.01 liberal Party of

8ouffard, Paul Henri 1895.04.05 lTberalPartyof

McKeen,StanleyStewart 1897.03.18 tiberalPartyof

Turgeon, James Gray 1879.10.07

Mackeruie.lanAlistair 1890.07.27

Farquhar,Thomas 1875.01.28

Comeau,JosephWllhe 1876.03,12

Ross,George Henry 1878.06.13

fogo. James Gordon 1896.07.09

Davis. John Caswell 1888.08.19

Wood, Thomas Harold 1889.06.11

MacKinnon, James Angus 1881.10.04

Doone. James Joseph Hayes 1888.08.08

Godbout, Joseph Adelard 1892.09.24

Goldmg. William Henry 1878.04.14

Emmerson,HenryRead 1883.11,07

Fraser, William Alexander

Grant, Thomas VIncent 1876.12.21

Barbour. George Hilton 1878.09.05

Petten.Ray 1897.06.01

Baird, Ale~ander Boyd 1891.08.31

Penny, George Joseph 1897.10.24

Gladstone,RobertWililam 1879.09.13

Reid. Thomas 1886.04.18

Stambaugh,Wesley 1888.07.01

Burke,Vincent P 1878.08.03

Hawkins, ChariesG. 1887.10.15

Isnor,Gordon Benjamin 1885.05.10

Basha, MkhaelG. 1896.01.20

Pratt, Calvert Coates 1888.10.06

Quinton. Herman WIlliam 1896.10.28

Fergusson,MurielMcQueen 1899.05.26

Jones,JohnWalter 1878.04.14

Jodoin. Marianna Beauchamp 1881.11.29

Woodrow, Allan Lee 1886.04.16

Sradlev, Frederick Gordon 1888.03.21

Connolly. Joiln Joseph

fournier, Sarto

1906.10.31

1903.02.15

Macdonald,Wi!!!amRo5~ 1891.12.25

Tremblay, Leonard-David 5we' 1896.04.16

Bradelte,Joseph·Arthur 188610.16

Leger,AureID. 1894.10.11

Hodges,Nancy 1888.10.28

Cameron, Donald 1901.03.06

Connolly. Harold Joseph 1901.09.08

Croll, David Arnold 1900.03.12

Inman, Florence Elsie 1891.12.05

leonard, ThomasD'Mcy 1895.04.29

liberal Party of

liberal Party of

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62 Quebec King,Willlaml,1944.03.03 1962.11.13

52 Quebec KIng, William l\ 1944.03.03 1969.01.03

68 Quebe<: King,WllIlaml,1944.07.14 1958.09.23

68 Manitoba King, William L,1945.04.18 1966.05.31

59 N.B. King, William t,194S.04.18 1967.03.12

55 Ontario king, William L\ 1945.04.18 1966.06.01

68 Ontario King, William L\1945.04.18 1966.09.23

56 Quebec I(mg, William L,1945.04.18 1967.05.11

53 Quebec King, William L,1945.04.18 1951.04.18

62 Alberta King. Witham L\ 1945.04.18 1968.03.26

65 Manitoba King, Wi!ham l,1945.04.18 1959.11.04

63 N.S, King, William 1,1945.04.18 1971.06,1~

55N,S. King,WilliamL,1945.04.18 1962.04.16

King.WiliiamL,1945.04.18 197111.17

59N.B. King,WiliiamL\1945.04.18

55 N.B. Klng,WilliamL,1945.04.19 1977.08.19

52N.B. Kmg.W\IIiamL\i945.04.19 1956.10.03

54P.E.L King. Wlillam L,1945.04,19 1949.01.20

57 BC. King, William L,i945.0609 1947.08.11

56 Quebec King, Wilham L\ 1945,06.09 1970.0816

62 Ontario King.WilllamL,194S,06.09 1955.01.31

51 Quebec King, William L,1946.12,21 1966.02.16

49B.C. King,WllliamL,1941.01.27 1966.1201

67 S.C King, WlIlIam L, 1941.01.27 1964.02.14

57 B.C. King,WllllamL,1948.01.19 1949.09.02

73 Ontario King, William L,1948.09.10 1962.09.27

72 N.S. St-Laurent. Lou 1948.12.01 1966.01.10

70 Alberta St-Laurent, lou 1948.12.01 1956.09.26

52 Ontario St-Lallrent.lou1949.01.25 1952.07,06

60 Manitoba St.laurent. Lou 1949.01.25 1953.10.25

59Sask St-taurent, Lou 1949.01.25 1965.11.26

67 Alberta St-laurent,Lou1949.05,09 1958.04.18

60 N.B. St-Laurent, Lou 1949.06.25 19S3.04.06

56 Quebec St·laurent, lou 1949.06,25 1956.09.18

71 OntarIo St·Laurent, Lou 1949.06.25 1961.12.31

65 N.B. St.Laurent, tou 1949.06.25 1954.06.21

St_laurent, tou 1949.06.25 1962.10.26

72 P.E.1. SI-Laurent, lou 1949.06.25 1965.08.19

70 P.E.1. St-Laurent, lou 1949.07.06 1962.02.06

52I11FLD&lab. St-Laurent, lou 1949.08,17 1961.02.16

57 NFLD&lab. St-Laurent, lou 1949.08.17 1967.11,n

51 NflD&lab. St_Laurent,touI949.OS.17 1949.12.04

69 Ontario 5t-laurent, lou 1949.09.01 1951.06,01

63 B.C. St-Laurent, lou 1949.09.07 1967.10.14

61 Alberta St·Laurent, Lou 1949.09.07 1965.06.08

71 NFLO&lab. St-Laurent.lou 1950.01.25 1953.12.19

62 N.S. St-Laurent, tou 1950.05.02 1958.08.14

64 N.S. 5t-Laurent, lou 1950.05.02 1973.03.17

55 NHO&lab. St·Laurent, Lou 1951.01.24 1976.11.18

62 NflD&lab. St-Laurent, lou 1951.01.24 1963.11.13

54 NfLD&lab. St-Laurent, lou 1951.01.24 1952.04.02

53 N.B. St-Laurent, lou 1953.05.19 1975.05.23

15 P.E.!. St-laurent, Lou 1953.05.19 1954.03.31

71 Quebec St-laurent, lou 1953.05.19 1966.06.01

61 Ontario St-laurent, Lou 1953.05.19 1966.03.15

65 NFLD&lab. St-Laurent, Lou 1953.06.12 1966.03.30

46 Ontario St-Laurent, Lou 1953.06.12 1981.10.31

50 Quebec St-laurent, Lou 1953.06.12 1980.07.23

61 Ontario St-Laurent, Lou 1953.06.12 1967.12.22

57 Quebec 5t-Laurent, Lou 1953.06.12 1965.09.02

66 Ontario St-Laurent.lou19S3.06.12 1961.09.12

58 N.a. St-laurent.lou1953.06.12 1961.12.28

65 B.C. St-Laurent.lou1953.11.05 1965.06.12

54 Alberta St-laurent.lou1955.07.28 1987.0919

53 N.5. St-Laurent, tou 1955.07.28 1979.05.14

55 Ontario St-Laurent. lou 1955.01.28 1991.06.11

63 P,E,I. St·Laurent, Lou 1955.07.28 1986.05.31

60 Ontario St-Laurent, Lou 1955.07.28 1910.04.29

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journalist

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PhysiCian MP

phvsiclan MP

Industrialist, pharmaceutical chemist Minister Manitoba

Farmer MlA-PEI

Barrister, newspaper editor. newspal MP

Physician, surgeon MP

Businessman, forester, lumber merciCouncJUor

Manufacturer MLA - New Brunswick

58 M Rancher

59M Barrister MP

81 M Lumber merchant, manufacturer Alderman

72 M Physician, surgeon MP

70 M Lawyer, prolessor

69 M Businessman MlA - British Columbia

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MinIster-Fed

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Premier-Quebec

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Farmer, fruit grower, industrialisl, maMP

Clerk, coroner, physician, teacher MP

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4,99

13,34

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12,59

11,51

18,27

0,30

1,74

18,11

15,76

3,90

8,29

22,88

25,82

12,81

1,19

22,01

0,87

13,04

12,83

12,80

28,39

27,12

14,53

12,23

8,26

8.55

11,60

32,15

23,80

35,87

30,84

14,76

French Catholic

french Catholic

French Protestant

English Presbyterian

English United Church

English United Church

Enghsh

French Catholic

French Catholic

English UOltedChurch

English BaptIst

English Presbyterian

English Baptist

English Anghcan

French Catholic

English Anglican

English Presbyterian

English UnitedChurcil

French Catholic

French Catholic

French Catilolic

English Cathohc

English Catholic

English Catholic

English United Church

French Catholic

English United Church

English UmledChurch

English Catholic

English Anglican

English Presbytenan

English Ciltholic

French

English United Church

English Baptist

English

English CatholIC

English Uf\!tedChurch

English Anglican

English Presbyterian

English UnitedChur(h

English Presbyterian

English UrI!IedChurch

English Catholic

English UniledChuf(h

English BaptIst

born in let English Catholic

English UnitedChurcil

Enghsh

English Anghcan

English BaptIst

French Catholk

English Presbytenan

English UrI!IedChurch

English Cathohc

French Cathohc

English United Church

French CatholiC

French CatholiC

French Catholic

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English United Church

English Catholic

English JeWish

EngUsh Anglican

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McGrand.FredericAddlson 1895.07.05 L,beralPartvof

Molson, Hartland de Montarvi 1907.05.29 Independent

Pouliot, Jean-Fran~ois 1890.03.28 Liberal Part" of

Power, Charle~Gilvan

SaVQIi!,Calh.teF. 1895,08.23

Smith, Donald 190507.07

Hackett, John Thomas 188406.12

WaU, William Michael 1911.07.11

Boucher, Wilham Albert 1889,11.12

Smltr.,SvdnevJohn 189209.23

hylor, Austin Claude 1893.06.20

Bois, HeMi Charles 1R97.02.08

lefran~ois. J.-Euger,," 1896.08.09

White,GeorgeStanlev 1897,11.17

Drouin, Mark Robert 1903,10.24

Methot, lear. 1895.05.13

Monette,Gustave 1887.03.01

Pearson, Arthur Mauflce 1890.12.29

Sullivan,JosephAlbert 1902.01.08

Brunt,WiliiamRalph 1902.10.24

Emerson,ClarenceVemon 1901.01.24

MacDonald,JohnJoseph 1891.09.21

Thorvaldson, Gunnar50Imund1901.03.18

Choquette,lionetHenn 1906.03.06

Gladstone,James 18870$.21

Buchanan, John AleMander 1887.03.04

Higgins,John Gilbert 1891.05.07

Liberal Party of

IndapendentLiI

Uberal Party of

Progres.iveCol1

Liberal Party of

liberal Party of

liberal Party of

Liberal Party of

Liberal Party of

liberal Party of

ProgresslveCof>

Progressive Con

Progressive Con

Progressive Con

ProgressIVe Con

ProgreSSive Con

Progressive Con

ProgreSSIVe Con

Progressive Con

Progressive Con

Progressive Con

IndependentCc

Progressive Con

Progressive Con

Hnatyshyn,John 1907.01.20 Progressive Con

Irvine. Olive lillian 1895.06.21 Progressive Con

Blol~,FrederlckMurray 1893.03.30 Progressive Con

Courtemanche, Henri 1916.08.07 Progressive Con

Macdonald, John Michael 1906.06.03 Progressive Con

Brooks,AlfredJohnson 1890.11.14 Progressive Con

Beaubien, Louis-Philippe 1903.03.03 Progressive Con

Quart, Josie AIi~e 1895.11.08

Hollett, Maicolm Mercer 1891.12.09

Halg,JamesCampbeli

Willis, Harry Albert 1904.07.11

McCutcheon, Maicolm Wallac,1906.0S.18

Fournier, EdgarE. 1908.06.01

Grosart, Allister, H.G. 1906.12.13

O'leary. M. Grattan 1888.02.19

O'leary, Clement Augustine 1916.06.26

Wekh, Frank Corbett 1900.07.14

Flynn,Jacques 1915.08.22

Robertson, lohn Alexander 1913.10.06

Belisle, Rheal 1919.07.03

Walker,DavldJames 1905.05.10

YU2yk,Paul 1913.06.24

Phillips, Orville H. 1924.04.05

Bourget, Mauri~e 1907.10.20

MacTavish, Dlincan Kenneth 1899.06.03

Gellr\a~, Louis-Philippe

Bourque, Romua!d

Denis,AzeilllS

Lang,OamelAiken

Cook, EfI~

Rattenbury, Nelson

Aird, John Black

1902.04.05

1889.12.06

1907.03.26

1919.06.13

1909.07.26

190710.27

1923.05.05

Benidlchon, William Moore 1911.04.08

McDonald, Alnander Hamllto 1919.03.16

Argue, Hazen Robert 1921.01.06

Davey. Keith Douglas

Deschatelets,Jean-Paul

Hastings, Earl Adams

Hays,HarryWilUam

192604.21

1912.10.09

1924.01.D7

1909.12.25

MacKenzie, Norman Archibald 1894.01.05

M~Elman. Charles Robert 1920.06.18

Progressive Con

Progressive Con

Progressive Con

Progressive Con

ProgressIve Con

Progressive Con

ProgressIVe Con

Progressive Con

ProgresstveCon

Progressive Con

Progressive Con

Progressive Con

Progressive Con

ProgressIVe Con

Progressive Con

Progressive Con

liberal Party of

liberal Party of

tiberalPartyof

llberai Party of

liberal Party of

liberal Party of

liberal Party of

liberal Party of

liberal Party of

liberal Party of

Uberal Party of

liberal Party of

liberal Party of

llbetal Party of

Uberal Party of

liberal Party of

IndependentLii

Ubetal Party of

60 N.B. 5t·laurent, Lou 1955.07.28 1988.01.22

48 Quebec 5t.Laurent,Lou1955.0728 1993.05.31

65 Quebec 5t-laurent, Lou 1955.07.28 1968.06.28

67 Quebec 5t-Laurent, Lou 1955.07.28 1968.05.30

59 N.B. St-Laurent, lou 1955.07.28 1970.08.23

50 N.S. 5t·laurent, lou 1955.07 28 1980.07.07

71 Quebec St·laurent, lou 1955,07 28 1956.09.15

44 Manitoba St·Laurent, Lou 1955.07.28 1962.07.07

675ask 5t·Laurent, tou 1957.01.03 1976.0623

5t-Laurent, Lou 1957.01.03 1968.1231

63 N.B. St.laurent, LOl!1957.01 03 1965.01.17

59 Quebec 5t-Laurent, lou 1957.01.03 1962.07.18

60 Quebe~ 5t-laurent, Lou 1957.04.25 1976.11.05

0Iefenbaker,Jc1957.09.20 1972.11.17

53 Quebec Dlefenbaker, Jc1957.10.04 1963.10.12

62 Quebec Diefenbaker,Jc1957.1O.12 1972.08.06

70 Quebec Dlefenbaker,Jc1957.10.12 1969.12.23

66 Sask Diefenbaker, Jc1957.10.12 1971.03.31

550ntaflo Diefenbaker, Jc 1957.10.12 1985.02.18

54 Ontario Diefenbaker,Jc1957.1O.12 1962,07.07

56 N.B. Diefenbaker, Jc 1957.10.12 1963.09.25

66 P.E.1. Dlefenbaker, Jc 1958.01.27 1971.04.20

S6 Manitoba Diefenbaker, Jc 1958.01.29 1969.08.02

51 Ontario Dlefenbaker,Jc1958.01.31 1981.03.06

70 Alberta Die/enbaker,Jc1958.01,31 1971.03.31

71 Alberta Olefenbaker,Jc1959.01.15 1965.10.02

67 NFLD&Lab. Oiefenbaker, Jc1959.01.15 1963.0701

515ask Dlefenbaker, Jc 1959.01.15 1967.05.02

64 Manitoba Dlefenbaker, Jc 1960.01.14 1969.11.01

66 N.S Dlefenbaker, Jo 1960.01.14 1976.10.12

43 Quebec Dlefenbaker,Jc1960.01.20 1961.12.22

54 N.5. Dlefenbaker, Jc1960.06.~4 1997.06.20

59 N.B. Dlefenbaker,Jc1960.09.12 1967.11.07

57 Quebec Dlefenbaker,Jc1960.11.16 1985.03.28

65 Quebec Diefenbaker,Jc1960.11.16 1980.04.17

69 NFLO&Lab. Diefenbaker, Jc1961.10.06 1971.03.31

53 Manitoba Diefenbaker, Jc 1962.06.15 1977.12.29

57 Ontario Diefenbaker,Jc1962.06.15 1972.03.23

56 Ontario Diefenbaker, JcI962.08.09 1968.05.13

54 N.B. Diefenbaker, Jc 1962.09.24 1983.02.11

55 Ontario Oiefenbaker,Jc1962.09.24 1981.12.13

74 Ontario Oiefenbaker, Jc 1962.09.24 1976.04.07

46 N.5. Diefenbaker, Jo1962.09.25 1969.06.12

62 N.S. Dlefenbaker,Jc1962.09.2S 1975.07.14

47 Quebec Diefenbaker,1c1962.11.09 1990.08.22

Dlefenbaker, Jc1962.11.29 1965.02.19

43 Ontario Dlefenbaker, Jc1963.02.04 1992.11.03

57 Ontario Oiefenbaker, Jc1963.02.04 1989.09.30

49 Mamtoba Diefenbaker, 1c1963.02 04 1986.07.09

38 P.LI. Dlefenbaker,J~1963.02.05 1999.03.24

S5 Quebec Pearson, lester 1963.04.27 1979.03.29

64 Ontario Pearson,lester1963.06.11 1963,11.15

61 Quebec Pearson,lester1963.06.11 1975.12.10

73 Quebec Pearson, Lester 1963.07 06 1974.08.14

56 Quebec Pearson, lester 1964.02.03 1991.09.04

44 Ontario Pearson, Lester 1964.02.14 1994.06.13

54 NHD&lab. Pearson, Lester1964.02,14 1984.07.26

56 N.B, Pearson, lester 1964.02.14 1973.05.27

41 Ontario Pearson,lesterI964.11.10 1974.11.28

54 Ontario Pearson, Lesteri965.07.07 1985.01.04

465ask Pearson,lester1965.08.13 1980.03.31

455ask Pearson, lester 1966.02.24 1991.1002

390ntano Pearson, Lester 1966.02.24 1996.07,01

53 Quebec Pearson, Lester 1966.02.24 1986.01.10

42 Alberta PearSOfl,lester1966.02.24 1996.05.05

56 Alberta Pearson, lester1966.02.24 1982.05.04

72 B.C. Pear50n, lester 1966.02.24 1969.01.05

45 N.B. Pearson, Lester 1966.02,24 1990.04.01

Resigned

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92M PhYSIcian MLA - New Brunswi~k

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lawyer

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Author, editor, professor, professor (assoclatej- history, teacher

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32

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27,36 English

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6,72 Enghsh

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17 3030 8,30 born In UklEnglish Orthodo\(

20 3581 9,80

30 6118 16,75

4 704 1,93

28 13512 ~6,99

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5346

9352

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8402

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9,78

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20,39

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26,66

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English Baptist

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English UmtedChurch

French (athohc

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Nlchol,Johnl""8

Prowse, James Harpet

Urquhan, Earl Wallace

Carter,ChesleyWllham

Desruisseau~, Pau)

Duggan, James

langIOls,J. G. leopold

1924.01.07

1913.0702

1921.02.22

190207.29

1905.05,01

1903.09.18

1913.1O.Q2

Macnaughton, Alan Ayleswort 1903.Q7.30

Kickham, Thomas Joseph 1901.03.11

Everett,DougllisDonald 1927.08.12

lamontagne, Maurice 1917.0907

Thompson, Andrew 1924.12.14

Kinnear,MarvElizabeth 1898.04.03

Lalrd,JohnKeilnMcBroom 1907.01.12

Phillips, Lazarljs 189510.10

Sparrow, Herbert 0 1930.01.04

Stanbury. Richard), 1923.05.01

Mclean, Doroald AUan 1907.01.27

Mlchaud,HerveJ. 1912.12.28

Eudes, Ravmond Pierre 1912.10.10

Petten,WllliamJ. 1923.01.28

Martm,PaulJMephJames 1903.06.23

Theriault, Edward Joseph 1901.05.10

Robichaud,Hedard·J. 1911.11.02

Giguere, louis de Gonzague 1911.12.18

Bell {Heath), Ann Ehlabeth Ha,1924.05.26

lafond, Paule. 1919.07.12

Lawson, Edward M 1929.09.24

Mal\lltng, EmestCharies 1905.09.20

McNamara, William Cra:lg 1904.08.08

Molgat,GildasL. 1927.01.25

Casgraln, Therese Forget 1896.07.10

Forsey, EugentlAlfred 1904.05.29

Bonnell, M.torne 1923.01.04

Van Roggell, George Clifford 1921.07.22

Buckwold, Sidney labe 1916.11.03

Goldenberg,CariH. 1907.10.20

Lapoillte, toulse Marguerite R 1912.01.03

FOUfl'ller, Joseph Michel 1905.09.29

Rowe, Frederick William 1912.09.28

Witliams, GoyR.

Graham, B,Alasdalr

Hicks,HenryOavies

1907.10.07

1929.05.21

1915.03.05

Mcllr.:llth, George James 1908.07.29

Nome, Margaret Rosamond F.1905.10.16

Asselin. Martial 1924.02.03

Cilte, Joseph Julien Jean-Pierrl 1926.01.09

Greene, John James 1920.06.24

Neiman,Joan8issett

latng,Arthur

Godfrey, John Morrow

Perrault,RaymondJ.

Riel,Maunce

Riley, Dan,el AloYSIus

Roblchaud,loulsJ.

Barrow, Augustus Irvine

CottreaU,ErnestG.

Smith,Georgelsaac

Austin,Jack

lucler,Paul

Marchand,Jean

Steuart, David Gordon

Ewasew,John

Rlzzuto,Pietro

Bosa,Peter

1904.09.09

1912,06.28

1926.02,06

1922.04.03

1916.05.11

1925.10.21

1913.02.15

1914.01,28

1909.04.06

1932.03.02

1930.07.29

1918.12.20

1916.01.26

1922.03.13

1934.03.18

1927.05.02

Olson, Horace Andrew (Bud) 1925,10.06

Adams,Willle

Frith,RoyceHerbert

1934.06.22

1923.11.12

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42B.C. Pearson, lester 1966.02.24 1973.04.19

52 Alberta Pearson, lester 1966.02.24 1976.09.27

45 N.5. Pearson,lester1966.0224 1971.08.17

63 NFlD&Lab. Pearson, Lester 1966 07.08 1977.0728

61 Quebec Pearson, Lester 1966.07.08 1980.0501

62 NFlD&tab. Pearson, tester 1966.07.08 1978.02,28

52 Quebec Pearson, tester 1966.07.08 198810,02

62 Quebec Pearson, tester 1966.07.08 197807,30

65 P.E I. Pearson, lester 1966.07,08 1974.12.01

39 Manitoba Pearson, lester 1966.11.08 1994.01.20

49 Quebec Pearson, Lestel i967.04.06 1983.06.12

42 Ontario Pearson, lester 1967.04.06 1998.03.23

69 Ontario Pearson, Lester 1967.04.06 1973.0403

60 Ontario Pearson, lester 1967.04.06 1982.01.12

72 Quebec Pearson, LesteI1968.02.09 1970.10.10

38Sask Pearson. lester 1965.02 09 2005.01.04

44 Ontario Pearson,Lester1968,02.13 1998.05.02

61 N.B. Pearson,lester1968.03.15 1973.11.05

5S N.B. Pearson, lester1968.Q3.15 1978.06,05

55 Quebec Pearson,lester1968.04.08 1980.10.25

45 NFlD&Lab. Pearson, lester 1968.04.08 1998.01.28

64 Ontario TrudeaU,PlerrE1968.04.20 1974.10.30

66 N.S. Trudeau,PlerrE1968.04.20 1968.12.20

56 N.B. Trudeau, Piem1968.06 28 1971.10.08

56 Quebec Trudeau,Plerrd968.09.10 1986.12.18

46 B.C. Trudeau, PierrE 1970.10.07 1989.11.29

51 Quebec Trudeau, Pierre 1970.10.07 1988.05.27

41 B.C. Trudeall, PlerrE1970.10.07 2004.09.24

62 Alberta Trudeau, PierrE 1970.10.07 1983.09.20

66 Mamtoba TrudeaU,PlerrE1970.1O.07 1979.08.08

43 Manitoba Trudeau,PierrE1970.1O.07 2001.02.28

74 Quebec Trudeau, Pierre 1970.10.07 1971.07.10

66 Ontario Trudeau, PierrE 1970.10.07 1979.05.29

48 P.E.I. Trudeau, PierrE 1971.11.04 1998.0104

SO B.C. Trudeau, Pierr~ 1971.11.04 1992.06.08

55Sask Trudeau, PierrE 1971.11,04 1991.11.03

64 Quebec Trudeau, PierrE 1971.11.04 1982.10.20

59 Quebec Trudeau,Pierre1971.11.10 1987.01.03

66 N.B. Trudeau, Pierre 1971.12.09 1980.09.29

59 NFLD&Lab. Trudeau, PierrE 1971.12.09 1987.09.28

64 B.C. Trudeau, Plerrd971.12,09 1982.10.07

42 N.S. Trudeau,Pierre1972.04,27 2004.05.21

57 N.S. Trudeau, Pierre 1972.04.27 1990.03.05

63 Ontario Trudeau,Prerre1972.04,27 1983.07.29

66 N.5. Trudeau,Plerre1972.04.27 1980.10.16

48 Quebec Trudeau, Pierre 1972.09.01 1990.08.07

46 Quebec Trudeau, Pierre 1972.09 01 1978.04.20

Trudeau, Pierre 1972.09,01 1978.10.23

51 Ontario Trudeau, Pierre 1972.09.01 1995.09.09

67 B.C. TrudeaU,Pierre1972.09.01 1975.02.13

61 Ontario Trudeau, Pierre 1973.10,05 1987.06.28

47 B.e. Trudeau, Pierre 1973,10.05 2001.02.06

51 Quebec Trodeau,PrerrE1973.1O.05 1997.04.03

57 N.S. Trudeau, Plerre1973.12.21 1984.09.13

48 N.B Trudeau, Pletn1973.12.21 2000.10.21

61 N.S. Trudeau,Plerre1974.05,08 1988.02.15

60 N.S. Trudeall,Pierre1974.05.08 1989.01.28

66 N.S. Trudeall,PierrE1975.08,07 1982.12.19

43 B.c. Trudeau, Pierre 1975.08.19 2007.03.02

45 Yukon Trudeau,Pierrfl1975.10.23 1999,07.23

57 Quebec Ttudeau,Pierre1976.12.09 1983.12.15

60 Sask Trudeall, Plem1976.12.09 1991.01.26

54 Quebec Trudeau, Pierre 1976.12.17 1978.03.26

42 Quebec Trudeau, PierrE 1976.12.23 1997.08.03

42 Ontario Trudeau, Pierre 1977.04.05 1998.12.10

49 Alberta Trudeau, Pierre 1977.04.05 1996.03.07

53 NWT Trudeau, Pierre 1977.04.05 2009.06.22

51 Ontario Trudeau, Pierre 1977.04.05 1994.08.29

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Barrisler and soliCitor, lawyer

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lawyer MP

Barrister and solicitor, lawyer Speaker - House of Commons

Farmer, trader MP

Automobile dealer, lawyer

Economist, professor of economics MP

Businessman, SOCial worker Ontario

Clerk, shipper

Aulhor, barrister and solicilor

lawyer

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Oireclorot fisheries, elCecul1ve, fishelMP

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Broadcaster, corporate executive, Journalist, teacher

Lawyer Premier-NovaScotia

Barrister, lawyer Minister-Fed

Farmer, professor (assistant) - biology

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lawyer Minister-Fed

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businessman

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Minister· Fed

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12,55 French

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0,67 French

3,28 French

18,27 French

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33,97 English

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5,64 French

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18,93

born In ItalFrench

English

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1915.1004 UberalPartvof

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1924.11.28 L,beralPartyof

Marshall,Jack 1919,1126

Robltn, Dufferin (Duff) 1917.06.17

Bird, Florence Bayard 1908.01.15

Anderson,MargarelJean 1915.0B,07

Wagner,Claude 1925.04,]4

Therlault,L.Norbert 1921.02,16

MUir, Robert 1919.11.10

Wood,Dalia 1924.08.21

Leblanc, Feroand-E. 1917.07.01

Rousseau, Yvette Boucher 1917.02.18

de Coiret, Robert Rene 194402.20

Balfour,James 1928,05.22

Donahoe,RichardAlphonsus 1909.09,27

Murray, Lowell 1936.09.26

Blellsh,MarthaPalamarek 1915.10.20

Charbonneau, Guy 1922.06.21

Tremblay, ArthurJulien 1917.06.18

Ooody,C.William 1931.02,26

Macquarrie,HeathNelson 1919.09,18

Sherwood, Cyril BevE'rly 191507,01

Nurgltl, Nathafl 1934,06.22

Stollery, PE'terA 1935,11.29

PitflE'ld,P, MichaE'l 1937,06.18

KeII,o,WIU!amM 1925,07.21

leMoYflE',JE'afl 1913.02.17

HebE'rt, JacquE's 1923.06.21

Kolber,Ernestleo 1929.01.18

Siflc!alr,laflDavld 1913.12.27

Grafsteln, Jerahmiel S. 1935.01,02

Kirby, MichaeIJ.L. 1941.08.05

Stewart,JohnB. 1924.11.19

Cools,AnfleC. 1943.08.12

Gigantes, PhillppeD. 1923.08.16

Watt,Ch<lriie 1944.06.29

Marsden,Loma 1942.03.06

Fairbairn,Jovce 1939.11,06

Hays, Daniel 1939.04.24

LE'Blaflc,Romeo 1927.12.18

MacEachen, AUan Joseph 1921.07.06

Marchand,len 1933.11,16

De Bane, Pierre 1938,08.02

Kenny,Colin 1943.12,10

Corbin. EymardG 193408.02

lefebvre, Thomas 1927,05.23

Turner,ChariesRobert 1916,03,24

MacDonald, Finlay 1923.01.04

Robertson,Brenda 1929.05.23

Barcotes,EfstathlosWilliam(~1918.11,15

Doyle, Richard J. 1923.03,10

David, Paul 1919.12.2S

Slmard,Jean-Maunce 1931.06.21

Cogger,M"hel 1939.03.21

Atkins, Norman K. 1934.06.27

Rosslter,Eileen 1929.07,14

Cochrane, EtheiM. 1937.09.23

Spivak,Mlra 1934.07.12

Balin,Jean 1940.01.31

OttE'nheimE'f, GE'rald R. 1934.06.04

Bolduc,Roch 1928.09.10

Poitras,JE'an-Marie 1918.09.05

Beaudoin, Gerald A. 1929.04.15

Chaput-Rolland,Solange 1919.05.14

Waters,StanleyCharlE's 1920.06.14

Beaulieu, Mario 1930.02.01

Carney, Pat 1935.05.26

ProgressivE' Con

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62 Manitoba Trudeau,Plerr~1978.03.23 1990.10.04

5S Ontario Trudeau, Pierr~1978,03.23 1998.03.04

53 NFLD&Lab. Trudeau, Piem 1978.03.23 1999.11.28

58 NFlD&Lab. Trudeau, Plem 1978.03.23 1994.11,26

60 Manitoba Trudeau, Pierre 1978.03.23 1992.06,11

62 Ontario Trudeau, PierrE 1978.03,23 1983.01.15

70 N.B. Trudeau, Pierre 1978.03.23 1990.08.07

52 Quebec Trudeau,Plem1978.04,21 1979.07.11

58 N.S. Trudeau,PumE1979.03.26 1996.02.16

59 N.S. Trudeau, Pierre 1979.03.26 1994.11,10

54 Quebec Trudeau,Plerre1979.03,26 1999.01.31

61 Quebec Trudeau,Pierre1919.03.27 1992.07.01

62 Quebec Trudeau, Pierre 1979.03.27 1988.03.17

35 Ontario Clark,CharlesJ,1979.06.0S 1980.01.14

51 Sask Clark, CharlesJ,1979.09.13 1999.12.12

69 N.S. Clark, CharlesJ,1979.09.13 1984,09,27

42 Ontario Clark, CharlesJ,1979.09.13 2011.09.26

63 Alberta Clark, Charle5J.1979.09,27 1990.09.26

51 Quebec Clark,CharlesJI1979.09.27 1997.06.21

62 Quebec Clark, Charles J,1979.09.27 1992.06.18

48 NFLO&tab. Clark, Charles J,1979.1O.03 2005.12.27

60 P.E.1. Clark, CharlesJ,1979.1O.03 1994.09,18

64 N.B. Clark,CharlesJ,1979.1O.03 1990.07.01

45 Manitoba Clark, Charle5J,1979.10,03 1993.02.09

45 Ontario Trudeau, Pierre 1981.07 ,02 2010.11.29

4S Ontario Trudeau, PierrE 1982.12.22 2010.06.01

57 Dnlano Trudeau, P,em 1982.12.23 2000.07.21

69 Quebec TrudeaU,Pleru1982.12.23 1988.02.17

59 Quebec Trudeau,Pierre1983.04,20 1998.06.21

54 Quebec Trudeau,PlerrE1983.12.23 2004.01.18

69 Ontario Trudeau, Pierre 1983.12.23 1988.09,27

49 OntariO TrudE'au, PierrE 1984.01.13 2010.01.02

42 N.S. TrudE'au,PlerrE1984.01.13 2006,10.31

59 N.S. Trudeau,Plerre1984.01.13 1999.11.19

40 Ontario Trudeau,Plerr£19g4.01.13

60 Quebec Trudeau, PiE'rre1984.01.13 1998.08.16

39 QUebE'c Trudeau, Pierre 1984.01.16

41 Ontario Trudeau, Pierre 1984.01.24 1992.08.31

44 Alberta Trudeau, Pierre 1984.06.29 2013.01.18

45 Alberta Trudeau, Piem 1984.06.29 2007.06.30

56 N.B. Trudeau, Pierre 1984.0G.29 1994.11,21

62 N.S. Trudeau, PIerre 1984.06.29 1996.07.06

50 B.C. Trudeau, PlerrE1984.06.29 1998.03.01

45 QuebE't Trudeau,Plerr€1984.06.29

Trudeau,Plerre1984.06.29

49 N.B Tvrner,John N,1984.07.09 2009.08.02

57 Quebec Turner, John Ni1984.07.09 1992.11.20

68 Ontarlg Turner, John N~1984.07.09 1991.03.24

61 N.S. Mulroney, Mar1984.12,21 1998.01.04

55 N.B. Mulroney, Mar1984.12,21 2004.05.23

66Sask Mulroni'V, Mar1984.12.21 1993.05.2S

62 Ontario Mulroney, Mar1985.03.19 1998.03.10

65 Quebec Mulroney, Mar1985.04.16 1994.12.25

54 N.B. Mulroney, Mar1985.06.26 2001.06.16

47 Quebec Mulroney, Mar1986.05,02 2000.09.01

520ntaflo Mulroney, Mar 1986.06.30 2009.06.27

49 P.E.!. Mulroney, Mar1986.11.17 2004.07.14

52 NFlD&Lab. Mulroney, Mar 1986.11.17 2012.09.23

57 Manitoba Mulroney, Mar 1986.11.17 2009.07.12

46 Quebec Mulroney, Mar 1986.12,29 1989.12.08

53 NFLD&Lab. MuironeY,Mar1987.12.30 1998.01.18

60 Quebec Mulroney, Mar1988.09.26 2003.09.10

70 Quebec Mulroney, Mar 1989,09.26 1993.05.25

59 Quebec Mulroney, Mar1988.09.26 2004.04.15

69 Quebec Mulrgney, Mar 1998.09.26 1994.05.14

69 Alberta MulfoneY,Mar1990.06.11 1991.09.25

60 Quebec Mulroney, Mar 1990.08.30 1994.06,22

55 B.C. MulroneV, Mar 1990.08.30 2008.01.31

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15 M Businessman, merchanl MP

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Crown Momey, Judge, lawyer, prole MP

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Businessman, miner, salesman MP

Busines5woman, real E'state broker

Charteredaccollntant MP

Author, professor, union staff member

Economist, executive

Barnster and solicitor

Bamster

Senior public servant

Fermer,leacher

InsurancE' broker

Author, educator, professor

MinISter· Fed

MP

MlA-NovaScotia

BUsinessman MlnistE'f·Newfoundland

Author. political scientlsl, professor, IMP

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lawyer Alderman

Author, businessman, journalist MP

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Business e)(ecut!ve, cl'vll engineer

Journalist, researcher, script writer, writer

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Lecturer, operations analyst, professor, senior publiC seNant

Author, expert on par1lamentary proc MP

Administrator, community-development worker

Aulhor, journalist

Hunter

Professor of sociology

Journalist

Lawyer, rancher

Correspondent, Journalist, lecturer, IE Mlnlster- Fed

Economist, profassor Oeputy Pnme Minister

Agricultural sCientist Minlster- Fed

Lawyer MP

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Joumalisl, teacher Deputy SpeakE'r - HOUse of

Garage owner I operator MP

tocomotiveengineer MP Broadcasting executivE'

Businesswoman, home economist MtA - New Brunswick

Physician

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Physician, professor (assoclate). mediclne

Chartered accountant MLA-NeWBrunswick

lawyer

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lawver Leader of the Opposition-

Administrator, professor, senior public servant

Administrator, insurance executive

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28,79 Of Ie banes French

28,79 English

25,07 french

8,37 french

6,71 English

13,04 English

19,42 English

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12,98 English

9,70 french

15,98 French

14,34 FrE'nch

23,00 English

25,86 English

22,65 English

17,66 born In Poi Engltsh

2,95 French

10,05 English

14,96 French

4,66 french

15,55 French

5,63 French

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Anglican

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Oliver, Donald H. 1938,11.16

Sylvain,John 1924.0607

Su(:hanan,JohnM 1931.04,22

Kinsella, NoeiA. 1939.11.28

Castonguay. Claude 1929.05.08

Eyton, John Trevor 1934.07.12

Kel!eher,JamesFrands 1930.10.02

Lynch·Staunton,John 1930.06.19

DeWare, Mabel M 1926.08.09

Bernts~n, Eric A 1941.05.16

Forrestall,J.Mlchael 1932.09,23

Grimard, Normand 1925.05.16

Keon,WtlbertJoseph 1935.05.17

Lavoie·Roul!,TMrhe 1928.03.12

Meighen, MichaelA. 1939.03.25

Twinn,Walter 1934.03.29

Johnson,J.misG 1946.04.27

Ross, James W. 1938.09.06

Andrevchuk,Raynell 1944.08.14

Rivest, Jearl-Claude 1943.01.27

Ghitter, ROrlaldD. 1935.08.22

Stratton,Terry 1938.03.16

Jessiman,DuncanJames 1923.06.05

Gustafson, Leonard J. 1933.11.10

Prud'homme, Marcel 1934.11.30

Roberge,Fernand 1940.07.19

Cohen, Erminie J. 1926.07.23

Desmarais, Jean Noel 1924.04.11

Tkachuk, DaVid 1945.02.18

Angus, W. David 1937.07.21

LeBreton,Marjory 1940.07.04

Nollll,PlerreClaude 1950.10.30

St. Germain, Gerry 1937.11.06

Roux,Jean-Louls 1923.05.18

B .. con,Use 1934.08.25

Carstairs,Sharon 1942,04.26

Pearson,landorl 1930.11.16

Bryderl,JohnG 1937.08.2S

G .. uthier,Jean-Robett 1929.10.22

Hervlell~-P .. yette, Celine 1941.04.22

losier-Cool, Rose-M .. rie 1937.06,18

Milne. Lorna 1934.12,13

Rompkey, Bill 1936.0S,1]

Anderson, Doris Margaret 1922,07.05

Charene-Pouhn,Marie-P 1922,07.05

Maheu. Shirley 1931.10.07

landry. Joseph Gerard taufl P. 1922.06.19

Taylor, NkholasW. 1927.11.17

Forest. Jean B. 1926.07.24

Merder,Uorlce 1926.08.11

Whelarl, Eugene 1924.07.11

Moore. Wilfred P. 1942.01.04

Pepin, Lucllt 1936.09.07

Butts,Peggy 1924.08.1S

Callbeck, Catherirle S. 1939.07.2S

Ferretti Batth. Marisa 1931.04.28

Robich .. ud,Fernand 1939.12,02

Chalifoux, Thelma 1929.02.08

Joyal, Serge 1945.02.01

Cook,loarl 1934.10.06

Fitzpatrick,D.Ross 1933.02.04

Johnstone, Archibald Hynd 1924.06,12

Kroft,Rlchard H. 1938.05.22

Mahovllch, FrarlkW 1938.01.10

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Progressive Con

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44 N,S. Mulroney, Mar 1990.0830

41 N.B. Mulroney, Mar 1990.08 30 1993.01,29

59 N.B. Mulroney, Mar 1990.09,07 1991.04.26

51 N.S. MlJlroney, Mar1990,09.07

66 Quebec Mulroney, Mar 1990.09.07 1996.02.01

59 N.S. Mulroney, Mar 1990,09.12 2006.04.22

50 N.B. Mulroney, Mar 1990,09.12

61 Quebec Mulroney, Mar 1990.09.23 1992,12.09

56 Ontario Mulroney, Mar 1990.09.23 2009.07.12

59 Ontario Mulroney, Mar 1990.09.23 2005,10.02

60 Quebec Mulrorley, Mar 1990.09.23 2005.06.19

64 N.B. Mulroney, Mar 1990.09.23 2001.08.09

49 Western Mulroney, Mar 1990.09,27 2001.0227

58 Mafltlmes Mulroney, Mar1990.09,27 2006.06,08

6S Quebec Mulroney. Mar 1990.09.27 2000.06.16

55 Ontario Mulronev. Mar1990.09,27 2010.05.17

62 Quebec Mulroney. Mar 1990.09 27 2001.03.12

51 Orltario Mulroney. Mar 1990.09,27 2012.02,06

S6 Alberta Mulroney, Mar 1990.09.27 1997.10,30

44 Weslern Mulroney, Mar 1990.09,27

52 Maritimes Mulroney, Mar 1990.09.27 1993.0S.2S

48Sask Mulroney. Mar 1993.03,11

50 Quebec Mulroney, Mar 1993.03,11

57 Alberta Mulroney,Mar1993.03,25 2000.03,31

55 Manitoba Mulroney, Mar1993.03.25 2013.03.16

69 Manitoba Mulronev, Mar 1993.0S,26 1998.06.05

S9 Sask Mulrooev, Mar 1993,05.26 2008.11,10

58 Quebec Mulroney, Mar1993,05.26 2009.11.30

52 Quebec Mulronev, Mar1993.05.26 200C1.07.19

66 N.B. Mulronev, Mar1993,06.04 2001,07.23

69 Ontario Mulronev, Mar 1993.06.04 1995.07.25

48 Sask Mulroney, Mar1993,06.08

55 Quebec Mulronev,Mar1993.06.10 2012.07.21

520rltario Mulroney, Mar1993,06.18

42 Quebec Mulroney,Mar1993,06.18

S5 B.C. MulrOlley, Mar 1993.06.23 2012,11.06

71 Quebec Chretll!rl.Josep1994.08.31 1996.08.08

60 Quebec Chn!tierl, 10sep 1994.09.15 2009,08.25

52 Manitoba Chretien.Josep1994.09,15 2011.10.17

63 Ontario Chretien, Josep 1994.09.15 2OOS.11.16

57 N.B Chretlen.Josep1994.11,23 2009.10.31

65 Ontano ChroHierl,Jo5ep1994.11,23 2004.10,22

S3 Quebec Chretlen,Josep1995.03,21

57 N.B. Chretiell,Josep1995.03.21 2012.06,18

60 Ontario Chretlen,Josep1995.09.21 2009.12.13

S9 NFLO&Lab. Chretlell, Josep 1995.0921 2011.0S 13

50 P.E.1. Chretien, Josep 1995.09.21 1997.07.05

73 Ontario Chretierl.Josep1995.09.21

64 Quebec Chretien. Josep 1996.02.01 2006.02.01

73 N.B. Chretierl, Josep 1996.02.26 1997.06.19

68 Alberta Chretierl,Josep1996.03.07 1996,03.07

69 Alberta Chretien.losep1996.0S,16 1998.08.28

69 Quebec Chretiell, Josep 1996.08.09 2001.08,11

72 Ontario Chn!Uell. Josep 1996.08.09 1999.07,11

54 N.S. Chretien, Josep 1996.09.26

60 Quebec Chretien, Josep 1997.04.08 20U.09.07

73 N.S. ChreUen, Josep1997,09.22 1999.08.15

58 P.E.1. Chretien, Josep1997.09.22

66 Quebec Chretien,losep1997.09,22 2006.04.28

S7 N.S. Chretierl, Josep 1997.09.22

68 Alberta Chretien, Josep 1997.11.26 2004.02,08

52 Quebec Chretleo.Josep1997.11.26

63 NFlO&lab. Chretien, Josep1998.03.06 2009.10.06

65 B.C. Chn!tiell. Josep 1998,03.06 2008.02.04

73 P,E.1. Chretlell,losep1998.03.06 1999.06.12

60 Marlitoba Chretierl, Josep 1999.06.11 2004.09.24

60 Ontario Chretlen,Josep1998.06,11 2013.01.10

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22,S9 English

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18.81 English

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Sibbeston,NickG.

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1924,08.16

1925,09.04

1927.04.08

1933.08.26

1941.05.15

1944.10,12

1929.06.14

1927.01.28

1948.05.12

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1930.07.15

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1945.11.16

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1955.12.31

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Munson,Jlm 1946.07,14

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Eggleton, Art 1943.09.29

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Mitchell, Grant 1951.07.19

Nancy Ruth 1942.01.06

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Tardif, Claudette 1947.07.27

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Dallaire, Romeo A. 1946.06.2S

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Champagne, Andree 1939.07.11

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Segal, Hugh 1950,10.13

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Fox,FranCis 1939.12.02

Goldstein,Yoine 1934.05.11

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Fortier, Michael 1962,01.10

Brown. Bert 1938.03.22

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Chr~tleo,Josep1998.06,11 2000.09.04

Chr~tien. Josep 1998.06.11 2002.04,08

Chretien. Josep 1998.09,17 2008.08,26

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Chretien, Josep1998.09.17

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Chr~tien,JosepI999.09.02 2006.12.31

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Chr~tien. JosepI999.10.04 2000.10.26

Cnr~tlen, Josep 2000.04.07 2011.12.17

Chretlen,JoseplOOO.04.07- 2004.01.31

49 N.S. Chretien, Josep 2000.06.09

74 NFLO&Lab. Chnitlen,Josep2000.06.09 2001.02.06

74 Ontario Chretien, Josep2000.06.20 2001.01.04

71 Quebec Chr~tien,Josep2oo0.06.20 2003.07.03

71 Quebec Chr~tien,Josep2001.03.08 2004.11.28

58 P.E.I. Chr~tlen, Josep2001.03.08

73 Ontario Cilretlen, Josep2001.03.08 2002.06.16

65 Quebec Chretien, Josep2001.06.13 2010.12.06

70 N.B. Chnitlen,Josep2001.06.13 2005.06.29

51 B.C. Chretien, Josep2001.06.13

71 Ontario Chretien, Josep2001.06.13 2004.11.21

67 N.S. Chretien, Josep 2001.10.04 2009.03.28

67 Quebec Chretien. Josep2001.10.04 2009.03,16

56 N.B. Chretien, Josep 2001.10,04

63 Manitoba Chretien, Josep2002.01.15 2002.09.30

59 NHO&Lab, Chretien. Josep2002.03.26

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Chretlen,Josep2002.03,26 2011.03.21

Chr~tien.Josep2002.06.25

Chretien, Josep2002.12.12

Chretien,Josep2002.12.12

Chretien,Josep2002.12.12

Chretien, Josep2003.06.26

Chretlen.Josep2oo3.06,26

Chretlen,Josep2003.09.09

Chretien. Josep2003.09.09 2006.09.21

Chretien, Josep2003.09.09 2008.10.22

Chretien. Josep 2003.11.07

Chretien, )osep2003.12.10

Martin, Paul Ed2005.03.24

Martin. Paul Ed200S.03,24

Martln,PauIEd2oo5.03.24

Martln,PauIEd2005.03.24

Martin, Paul Ed200S.03.24

Martm, Paul Ed2005.03,24 2012.10.19

Martln,PauIE,j2005.03.24

Martin, Paul Ed 2005.03.24

Martin, Paul Ed 2005.03.24

Martin, Paul Ed2005.08,02

Martln,PaulEd2005.08,02

Martin,Pau!Ed2005.08.02

Martin, Paul Ed 2005.08.02

Martin, Paul Ed2005.08,02

Martin, Paul Ed2005.08.29 2011.12.02

Martm, Paul Ed2005.08.29 2009.05,11

Martlfl,PallIEd2005.09.21

Harper, Stephe 2006.02.27 20OS,09.07

Harper,Stephe2007.01.10 2013.03.22

Harper, Stephe 2009,01.02 2012.02.09

Harper,5tephe2009.01.02

Harper,Stephe2009.01.02

Harper.Slephe2009.01.02

Harper,Stephe2009.01.02

Retired

Retired

Retired

Retired

Resigned

Retired

Retired

Retired

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Retired

Resigned

Retired

Resigned

Retired

Retired

Retired

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Retired

Retired

Retired

current

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Community-development worker, fundraiser, organizer of evenls,

Sodalworker

Author,minister

Businessman, teacher

Author, entrepreneur, fashion designer

journalist

Author, diplomat, editor, Joumalisl, leMP

Administrator, political analyst Mimsler· Fed

EdUcator, lawyer

Educator

Judge, public servant CommiSsioner· Yukon

Medical secretary, political actiVist

Lawyer MLA - NWT

Lawyer Mlnister-NovaStotia

MusiCian

Farmer

Teacher

Businessman

Author, broadcaster, Joumallst

Entrepreneur, lawyer

Cardiologist, phYSician, scientist

Politician

Lieutenant Governor·

COllnclllor

Assembly PEl

Dairy farmer School Board Trllstee

Actor, comedian, performer, raconteur, singer

Actress, artistic director, drama teacher

Barrister, lawyer, solicitor

Author, commentator, journalist, professor

Instructor· industrial mechanics, union officer

Bllsinessman

Lawyer, professional engineer

edllcator Minister-Fed

Assistant clerk, chief clerk, chief law MP

Businessman, real estate consultant MP

lawyer MP

Businesswoman, consultant

Businesswoman, teacher

Businesswoman. lecturer, professor Deputy Speaker· New

PubllcselVant

Buslnessmafl

Engineer DepulyMayor

Consumeradvotate

Nutrltionist, physician Bwnswick

Director, fund-raising executive

Journallst, public affairs consultant

Activist, dean (associate), neurochemlsl, professor, researcher. Sf

Accountant, consultant in urban man MP

Lawyer MtA·Alberta

Businessman, financial analyst, leckAlberta

AcUvist, administrator

Business executive, civil engineer, entrepreneur, real eslate devel

Dean, educational administrator, professor, teacher

Lawyer

Mtlltary

Consultant, coroner, ironworker, poii,Mayor

Actress, administrator, public relatior MP

Administrator, government relations ,school Board President

Executive, professor, public policy consultant

Buslnenman.exe,utive,fundraiser,teacher

Executive, lawyer Minister - Fed

Lawyer

Activist, administrator. carpenter, hea!th care provider

Financler,lav.yer

Columnisl, development consullant. farmer, property manager

Consultant, lav.yer

Businessman, corporate director. fundraiser

BUsinessman, executive director, political adviser

Real estate agent Yukon

Businessman

14

14

5

13

13

11

12

12

1

11

3

11

11

10

10

10

10

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3

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14

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11

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13

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17

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10

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12

16

18

27

19

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19

19

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15

20

20

20

20

20

28 20

20

20

11

11

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11

11

13

22

12 14

10

10

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433

817

1399

3633

5116

5322

2099

90,

4995

379

2678

2145

4972

389

4272

1396

4691

243

200

1109

1362

4419

467

3464

1478

4323

1258

2733

2721

4209

260

4036

3284

394S

3775

3775

3775

3580

3580

3504

1107

1872

3445

3413

2942

2942

2942

2942

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2767

2942

2942

2942

2811

2811

2811

2811

2811

2288

1352

2761

925

2084

1134

1562

1562

1562

1562

1,19 black (of 01 Enghsh

2,24 English

3,83 First Nations french

9,95 first of Chh Enghsh

14,01 English

14,57 EngUsh

5,75 English

2,47 English

13,67 French

1,04 English

7,33 Engtlsh

5,87 FitstNatiolliidlilKuefEflglish

13.61 English

1,07 English

English

English

English

English

French

French

English

EflgUsh

French

French

United Church

JeWish

Catholic

11,70

3,82

12.B4

0,61

0,55

3,04

3,73

12,10

1,28

9,49

4,05

11,83

3,44

7,48

7,45

11,52

0,71

11,05

EastlndiaflEngllsh Muslim

French

English

French

English

French

English

French

8.99 English

10,80 French

10,34 born in GrlEnglish

10,34 French

10,34 English

~,80 French

9.80 born In let English

9,59 French

3,03 English

5,12 Engl!sh

9,43 English

9,34 First NatlolCree English

8.05 English

8,05 English

8,05 English

8,05 English

8,05 English

7,58 Frellch

8,05 English

8,05 French

8,05 English

7,70 French

7,70 French

7,70 English

7,70 English

7,70 French

6,26 English

3,70 First NaliolMaliseet English

7,56 french

2,53 English

5.70 Enghsh

3.11 English

4,28 English

4,28 English

4,28 English

4,28 El'lgllsh

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Manning, Fabian

Martin, Yonah

Mackler, Percy

Neufeld, Richard

Raine, Nancy Greene

Rivard,Mlchel

Waliace, John D.

Wallin, Pamela

Duffy, Michael

Eaton, Nicole Brazeau, Patrick

Housakos, Leo

1964.05.21 Conservative Pa

1965.04.11 Conservative Pa

1949.04.14 Conservative Pa

1944.11.06 Conservative: Pa

1943.05,11 Conservative Pa

1941.08.07 Conservative Pa

1949.03.26 Conservative Pa

1953.04.10 Conservative Pa

1946.05.27 Conservative Pa

1945.01.21 Conservative Pa

1974.11.11 Conservative Pa

1968.01.10 Conservative Pa

FortIn-Duplessis, Suzanne 1940.06.30 Conservative Pa

Finley. Doug 1946.07.25 Conservative Pa

Frum,linda 1963.01.13 Conservative Pa

Ogilvie, Kelvin Kenneth

Patterson, Dennis Glen Plett, Donald Neil

Seidman,Judith

Stewart Olsen, Carolyn

Carignan,Claude

Demers,Jacques

Kochhar, Vim

Runciman, Bob

Boisvenu, Pierre-Hugues

Marshall, Elizabeth

Poirier, Rose-May

Braley, David

Atauliahjan,Salma

1942.11.06 Conservative Pa

1948.12,30 Conservative Pa

1950,05.14 Conservative Pa

1950,09,01 Conservative Pa

1946.07,27 Conservative Pa

1964,12.04 Conservative Pa

1944,08.25 Conservative Pa

1936.09,21 Conservative Pa

1942.08.10 Conservative Pa

1949.02.12 Conservative Pa

1951.09.07 Conservative Pa

1954.03.02 Conservative Pa

1941.05.31 Conservative Pa

1952.04.29 Conservative Pa

Meredith, Don 1964.07.13 Conservative Pa

Smith, larry 1951.04,28 ConservatiVe Pa

Manning, Fabian 1964,05.21 Conservative Pa

Smith, Larry 1951.04.28 Conservative Pa

Verner, Josee 1959.12.30 Conservative Pa

Maltais, Ghislain 1944,04,22 Conservative Pa

Seth, Asha 1939,12,15 Conservative Pa

Unger, Betty E. 1943.08.21 Conservative Pa

Buth, joAnne l. 1954,05,23 Conservative Pa

Doyle, Norman E. 1945,11,11 Conservative Pa

Dagenais, Jean-Guy 1950.02.02 Conservative Pa

White, Vernon 1959,02.21 COl'IServative Pa

Mcinnis, Thomas johnson 1945.04.09 Conservative Pa

Mcintyre, Paul E. 1947,05,06 Conservative Pa

Ngo, Thanh Hai 1947.01.03 Conservative Pa

Bellemare, Diane 1949,10.13 Conservative Pa

Enverga, Jr., Tobias C.

Batters, Denise

Beyak, Lynn

Black, Douglas

Oh, Victor

Wells, David M.

Tannas, Scott

1955,12.02 Conservative Pa

1970,06.18 Conservative Pa

1949.02,18 Conservative Pa

1952,05.10 Conservative Pa

1949,06,10 ConservatiVe Pa

1962.02,28 Conservative Pa

1962.02.25 Conservative Pa

44 NFLD&Lab, Harper, Stephe 2009.01.02 2011.03,28

44 S.c. Harper, Stephe 2009.01.02

59 N.B, Harper, 5tephe 2009,01.02

64 B.C. Harper, 5tephe 2009.01.02

65 B.C. Harper, Stephe 2009,01,02

67 Quebec Harper, Stephe 2009.01.02

59 N.B.

55Sask

62 P.E.1.

63 Ontario

34 Quebec

32 Quebec

68 Quebec

63 Ontario

46 Ontario

Harper, Stephe 2009.01.02

Harper, Stephe 2009.01.02

Harper, Stephe 2009.01.02

Harper, Stephe 2009,01.02

Harper, Stephe 2009.01.08

Harper, Stepi'le 2009.01.08

Harper, Stephe 2009,01.14

Harper, Stephe 2009,08.27

Harper, Stephe 2009.08.27

66 N,S. Harper, Stephe 2009,08.27

60 Nunavut Harper, Stephe 2009,08,27

59 Manitoba Harper, Stephe 2009.08.27

58 Quebec Harper, Stephe 2009,08.27

63 N.B, Harper, Stephe 2009.08.27

44 Quebec Harper, Stephe 2009.08,27

65 Quebec Harper, Stephe 2009.08,27

73 Ontario Harper, 5tephe 2010.01.29 2011.09.21

67 Ontario Harper, Stephe 2010.01.29

60 Quebec Harper, Stephe 2010.01,29

58 NFLD&Lab. Harper, 5tephe 2010.01.29

55 N.B. Harper, Stephe 2010.02,28

68 Ontario Harper, Stephe 2010.05.20

58 Ontario Harper, Stephe 2010.07.09

46 Ontario Harper, Stephe 2010,12.18

59 Quebec Harper, Stephe 2010.12.18 2011.03.25

47 NFLD&Lab. Harper, Stephe 2011.05.25

60 Quebec Harper, 5tephe 2011.05.25

51 Quebec Harper, Stephe 2011.06.13

67 Quebec Harper, Stephe 2012.01.06

72 Ontario Harper, 5tephe 2012.01,06

68 Alberta Harper, Stephe 2012.01.06

57 Manitoba Harper, Stephe 2012.01.06

66 NFLD&Lab. Harper, Stephe 2012.01.06

61 Quebec Harper, Stephe 2012.01.17

52 Ontario Harper, 5tephe 2012.02.20

67 N.S. Harper, Stephe 2012.09.06

67 N.B, Harper, Stephe 2012.09.06

65 Ontario Harper, Stephe 2012.09.06

62 Quebec Harper, Stephe 2012.09.06

57 Ontario Harper, Stephe 2012,09,06

42 Sask Harper, 5tephe 2013.01.25

63 Ontario Harper, Stepne 2013,01.26

60 Alberta Harper, Stephe 2013.01.27

63 Ontario Harper, Stephe 2013.01.28

50 NFLD&Lab. Harper, Stephe 2013.01.29

51 Alberta Harper, Stephe 2013,03.25

57,2

Resigned

current

current

current

current

current

current

current

current

current

current

current

current

current

current

current

current

current

current

current

current

current

Retired

current

current

current

current

current

current

current

Resigned

current

current

current

current

current

current

current

current

current

current

current

current

current

current

current

current

current

current

current

current

current

46 M

F

M

M

M

M

F

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

75M M

M

F

F

M

M

S'M M

M

F

M

71,9

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

F

M

M

M

M

Business manager, business manag MP

Community activist, educator

Politician

Businessman

Athlete, director

MLA - New Brunswick

MlA - British Columbia

Administrator, businessman, director Municipal Government

Lawyer

Chancellor ementus, corporate director, entrepreneur

Broadcast journalist, political commentator, reporter

Columnist, director, trustee

Aboriginal leader

Business manager, director

teacher Alderman

Administrator-manager, business manager, director

Author, columnist, journalist

Professor, researcher, scientist, university president

Consultant. lawyer Premier - NWT

Businessman, president I manager

Consultant, educator, epidemiologist, researcher, social worker

Communications director, registered nurse

Lawyer. professor of law Mayor

Coach, radio & t.v. commentator

Business manager, engineer, president I manager

Manager, newspaper owner leader ofthe Opposition-

Activist, director, senior public servant

Auditor, chartered accountant, seniolMlA· Newfoundland

Businesswoman, insurance agent, s. MlA - New Brunswick

8usinessman

Activist, artist, realtor

Businessman, clergyperson, community activist, entrepreneur, pa

Business executive, business executive, Canadian Football Leagl

Business manager, development corMP

Business executive, Canadian Football League Commissioner, co

Executive assistant, political adviser MP

Consultant, insurance broker

Gynaecologist, obstetrician

Businesswoman, registered nurse

President I manager

Businessman

PoHceofflcer

Police chief, ReMP officer

lawyer

lawyer

MNA· Quebec

Minister - Newfoundland

MlA - Nova Scotia

Citizenship judge, diplomat, educator, hUman rights activisl

Economist, executive manager, professor

Project manager

Lawyer

Business owner

Lawyer

Businessman

Business executive, public servant

School Trustee

Chief executive officer, president I manager

10 ,

10

10

10

3

27

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

H U U U U U U U U U D ~

~

~

U M S

D

18

18

27

23

18

18

18

18

18

19

818

1562

1562

1562

1562

1562

1562

1562

1562

1562

1556

1556

1551

1328

1325

1325

1325

1325

1325

1325

1325

1325

601

1171

1171

1171

1139

1059

1009

847

9' 688

688

671 464

464

464

464

464

453

4U

219

2U

21'

21' 2U

79

7' 79

79

79

19

2,24

4,28

4,28

4,28

4,28

4,28

4,28

4,28

4,28

First of KOf English

French

English

English

French

English

English

English

English

4,28 First NatiOi Algonquin French

4,26 French

4,26

4,25

3,64

3,63

3,63

3,63

3,63

3,63

3,63

3,63

3,63

1,65

3,20

3,20

3,20

3,12

2,90

2,76

2,32

0,27

1,88

1,88

1,84

1,27

1,27

1,27

1,27

1,27

1,24

1,15

0,60

0,60

0,60

0,60

0,60

0,22

0,22

0,22

0,22

0,22

0,05

French

English

English

English

English

English

English

English

French

French

Firstoflnd English

English

French

English

French

English

First of PakEnglish Muslim

black (borrEnglish

English

English

English

French

French

born In IndEnglish

English

English

English

French

English

English

French

First of Vie English

French

First of FiliI English

English

English

English

born In Sin English

English

English

55

Annex 2: Table of women and First Nation peoples in Senate and House of Commons

ANNEXE2

56

Annex 2: Table of women and First Nation peoples in Senate and House of Commons

Senators Page 1 of 3

Parliament of Canada

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92 Senators

Name

Anderson, Margaret Jean

Andreychuk, Raynell

Ataullahjan, Salma

Bacon, Use

Batters. Denise

Bell (Heath). Ann Elizabeth Haddon

Bellemare, Diane

Beyak, Lynn

Biellsh, Martha Palamarek

Bird, Florence Bayard

Buth, JoAnne L. Butts, Peggy

Callbeck, Cathe"rine S.

Carney. Pat

Carstairs. Sharon

Casgrain, Therese Forget

Chalifoux, Thelma

Champagne, Andree

Chaput. Maria

Chaput-Rolland. Satange

Charette-Poulin, Marie-P.

--ALL--

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Women

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-ALL--

Political Affiliation at Appointment

Appointed on the advice Province I Territory of Term (yyyy.mm.dd)

Prince Edward Isl~nd Chretien, Joseph Jacques 1995.09.21 - 1997.07.05 Jean (Retirement)

Liberal Party of Canada New Brunswick Trudeau, Pierre Elliott ~i978.0323 - 1990.08.07 (Retirement)

Progressive Conservative Party

Saskatchewan Mulroney, Martin Brian 1993.03.11 -

Conservative Party of Canada Ontario

Liberal Party of Canada Quebec

Conservative Party of Canada Saskatchewan

Liberal Party of Canada British Columbia

Conservative Party of Canada Quebec

Conservative Party of Canada Ontario

Progressive Conservative Alberta Party

Liberal Party 'of Canada Ontario

Conservative Party of Canada Manitoba

Liberal Party of Canada

Liberal Party of Canada

Progressive Conservative Party

Libera'i Party of Canada

Independent

Liberal Party of Canada

Nova Scotia

Prince Edward Island

'British Columbia

Manitoba

Quebec

Alberta

Conservative Party of Canada Quebec

Liberal Party of Canada

Progressive Conservative Party

Liberal Party of Canada

Manitoba

Ouebec

Ontario

Harper, Stephen 2010.07.09-Chretien, Joseph Jacques 1994.09.15 - 2009.08.25 Jean (Retirement)

Harper, Stephen 2013.0125-

Trudeau, Pierre Elliott

Harper, Stephen

Harper, Stephen

Clark. Charles Joseph

Trudeau, Pierre Elliott

1970.10.07 - 1989.11.29 (Death) 2012.09.06 -

2013.01.25 -1979.09':27 -1990.09.26 (Resignation)

1978.0323-1983.01.15 (Retirement)

Harper, Stephen 2012.01.06-Chretien, Joseph Jacques 1997.0922 - 1999.08.15 Jean (Retirement)

Chretien, Joseph Jacques 1997.0922-Jean

Mulroney, Martin Brian 1990.06,30 - 2008.01 ,31 (Resignation)

Chretien, Joseph Jacques 1994.09.15'~ 2011.10.17 Jean (Resignation)

Trudeau, Pierre Elliott 1970.10.07-1971.07.10 {Retirement}

Chretien, Joseph Jacques 1997.11.26 - 2004.02.08 Jean (Retirement)

Martin, Paul Edgar 2005.08.02 -Philippe

Chretien, Joseph Jacques 2002.12.12-Jean

Mulroney. Martin Brian 1988.09.26 - 1994.05.14 (Retirement)

Chretien, Joseph Jacques 1995.09.21-Jean

, .. _--"--, . Search I '~---,

http://www.parI.gc.calParlinfo/\ists/senators.aspx ?Par liament=&Name=&Party=&Provin,.. 2013-05-11

57

Annex 2: Table of women and First Nation peoples in Senate and House of Commons

Senators Page 2 of 3

Christensen, lone Liberal Party of Canada

Cochrane, Ethel M. Progressive Conservative Party

Cohen, Ermi~ie J. Progressive Conservative Party

Cook, Joan liberal Party of Canada

Cools. Anne C. Liberal Party of Canada

Cordy, Jane liberal Party of Canada

DeWare, Mabel M. Progressive Conservative Party

Oyck, Lillian Eva New Democratic Party

Eaton, Nicole Conservative Party of Canada

Fairbairn, Joyce Liberal Party of Canada

Fallis, Iva Campbell Conservative (1867-1942)

Fergusson, Muriel McQueen Liberal Party of Canada

Ferretti Barth, Marisa liberal Party of Canada

Finestone, Sheila Liberal Party of Canada

Finnerty, Isabel Liberal Party of Canada

Forest, Jean B. Liberal Party of Canada

Fortin-Duplessis, Suzanne Conservative Party of Canada

fraser, Joan Liberal Party of Canada

Frum, Linda Conservative Party of Canada

Hervieux-Payelte, Celine Liberal Party of Canada

Hodges, Nancy Liberal Party of Canada

Hubley, Elizabeth Liberal Party of Canada

Inman, Florence Elsie Liberal Party of Canad~

Irvine,'Olive Ullian Progressive Conservative Party

Jaffer, Mobina S.B. Liberal Party of Canada

Jodoin. Marianna Beauchamp Liberal Party of Canada

Johnson, Janis G. Progressive Conservative Party

Kennedy, Betty Liberal Party of Canada

Kinnear, Mary Elizabeth liberal Party of Canada

Lapointe, louise Marguerite liberal Party of Canada Renaude

Lavoie-Raux, Therese Progressive Conservative Party

LeBreton, Marjory Progressive Conservative Party

Leger, Viola Liberal Party of Canada

Losier-Cool, Rose-Marie Liberal Party of Canada

Lovelace Nicholas, Sandra Liberal Party of Canada

Maheu, Shirley Liberal Party of Canada

Maloney, Marian L. liberal Party of Canada

Marsden, Lorna Liberal Party of Cana'da

MarshaU, Elizabeth Conservative Party of Canada

Martin, Yonah Conservative Party of Canada

McCoy, Elaine Progressive Conservative Party

Merchant, Pana Liberal Party of Canada

Yukon

Newfoundland and Labrador

New Brunswick

Newfoundland and Labrador

Ontario Nova Scotia

New Brunswick

Saskatchewan

Ontario

Alberta

Ontario

New Brunswick

Quebec

Quebec

Ontario

Alberta

Quebec

Quebec

Ontario

Quebec

British Columbia

Prince Edward Island

Prince Edward Island

Manitoba

British Columbia

Quebec

Western Provinces (Division)

Ontario

Ontario

Quebec

Quebec (Division)

Ontario

New Brunswick

New Brunswick

New Brunswick

Quebec

Ontario

Ontario

Newfoundland and labrador

British Columbia

Alberta

Saskatchewan

Chretien, Joseph Jacques 1999.09.02 - 2006.12.31 Jean (Resignation)

Mulroney, Martin Brian 1986.11.17 - 2012.09.23

Mulroney, Martin Brian

(Retirement)

1993.06.04 - 2001.07.23 (Retirement)

Chretien, Joseph Jacques 1998.03.06 - 2009.1 0.06 Jean (Retirement)

Trudeau, Pierre ElIlott 1984.01.13-

Chretien, Joseph Jacques 2000.06.09-Jean

Mulroney, Martin Brian 1990.09.23·2001.08.09 (Retirement)

Martin, Paul Edgar 2005.03.24-Philippe Harper, Stephen 2009.01.02 -

Trudeau, Pierre Elliott 1984.06.29·2013.01.18 (Resignation)

Bennett, Richard Bedford 1935.0720 - 1956.03.07 (Death)

St-Laurent, louis Stephen 1953.05.19 -1975.05.23 (Resignation)

Chretien, Joseph Jacques 1997.09.22 - 2006.04.28 Jean (Retirement)

Chretien, Joseph Jacques 1999.08.11 - 2002.01.28 Jean (Retirement)

Chretien, Joseph Jacques 1999.09.02 - 2005.07.15 Jean (Retirement)

Chretien, Joseph Jacques 1996.05.16 - 1998.08.28 Jean (Resignation)

~Harper, Stephen 2009.01.14-Chretien,'Joseph~ Jacques 1998.09.17-Jean

Harper, Stephen 2009.08.27-

Chretien, Joseph Jacques 1995.03.21-Jean

St-laurent, Louis Stephen 1953.11.05 -1965.06.12 (Resignation)

Chretien, Joseph Jacques 2001.03.08· Jean

St-laurent, Louis Stephen 1955.07.28 - 1986.05.31 (Death)

Diefenbaker, j~hn George 196ci~Ol:'14 -1969.11.01 (Death)

Chretien, Joseph Jacques 2001.06.13-Jean

St-laurent,louis Stephen 1953.05.19 -1966.06.01 (Resignation)

. Mulroney, Martin'Brlan 199-0:09:27-

Chretien, Joseph Jacques 2000.06.20 - 2001.01.04 Jean (Retirement)

Pearson, lester Bowles 1967.04.06 -1973.04.03 (Retirement)

~Trudeau, Pierre Elliott 1971.11.10 - 1987.01.03 (Retirement)

Mulroney, Martin Brian 1990.0927 ~ 2001.03.12 (Resignation)

Mulroney. Martin Brian 1993.06.18 -

Chretien, Joseph Jacques 2001.06.13 - 2005.0629 Jean (Retirement)

Chretien, Joseph Jacques 1995.03.21- 2012.06.18 Jean (Retirement)

Martin. Paul Edgar 2005.09.21 -Philippe Chretien, Joseph Jacques 1996.02.01 - 2006.02.01 Jean (Death) Chretien, Joseph Ja~ques 1998~06~11 -1999.08.16 Jean (Retirement)

Trudeau, Pierre Elliott 1984.0124.1992.08.31

Harper, Stephen

Harper, Stephen

(ReSignation)

2010.01.29 -

2009.01.02·

Martin, Paul Edgar 2005.03.24 -Philippe

Chretien, Joseph Jacques 2002.12.12-Jean

http://www.parl.gc.caiParlinfo/lists/senators.aspx?Parliament=&N ame=&Party=&Provin... 2013 -05 -11

58

Annex 2: Table of women and First Nation peoples In Senate and House of Commons

Senators Page 3 of 3

Milne, Lorna Chretien, Joseph Jacques 1995.09.21 - 2009.12.13 Liberal Party of Canada Ontario Jean (Retirement)

Nancy Ruth Martin, Paul Edgar 2005.03.24 -Progressive Conservative Ontario

Neiman, Joan Bissett

Norrie, Margaret Rosamond Fawcett

Pearson, Landon

Pepin, Lucie

Plamondon, Madeleine

Poirier, Rose-May

Poy, Vivienne

Quart, Josie Alice

Raine, Nancy Greene

Ringuette, Pierrette

Robertson, Brenda

Rossiter, Eileen

Rousseau, Yvette Boucher

Seidman. Judith

Seth, Asha

Spivak, Mira

Stewart Olsen, Carolyn

Tardif, Claudette

Teed, Nancy Elizabeth

Trenholme Counsell, Marilyn

Unger, Betty E: Verner, Josee Wallin, Pamela

Wilson, Calrioe Reay

Wilson, lois

Wood, Dalia

Party

liberal Party of Canada Ontario

Liberal Party of Canada Nova Scotia

liberat Party of Canada Ontario

Liberal Party of Canada Quebec

Independent Quebec

Conservative Party of Canada New Brunswick

liberal Party of Canada Ontario

Progressive Conservative Party

Quebec

Conservative Party ot Canada British Columbia

liberal Party of Canada New Brunswick

Philippe

Trudeau, Pierre Elliott 1972.09.01 - 1995.09.09 (Retirement)

Trudeau, Pierre Elliott 1972.04.27 - 1980.10.16 (Retirement)

Chretien. Joseph Jacques 1994.09.15 - 2005.11.16 Jean (Retirement)

Chretien, Joseph Jacques 1997.04.08 - 2011.09.07 Jean (Retirement)

Chretien, Joseph Jacques 2003.09.09 - 2006.09.21 Jean (Retirement)

Harper, Stephen 2010.02.28-

Chretien, Joseph Jacques 1998.09.17 - 2012.09.17 Jean (Resignation)

Dietenbaker, John George 1960.11.16 - 1980.04.17 (Death)

Harper, Stephen 2009.01.02-

Chretien, Joseph Jacques 2002.12.12-Jean

Progressive ConselVative Party

New Brunswick Mulroney, Martin Brian 1984.1221 - 2004.05.23 (Retirement)

Progressive ConsetVative Party

Prince Edward Island Mulroney, Martin Brian 1986.11.17 - 2004.07.14 (Retirement)

Liberal Party of Canada Quebec Trudeau, Pierre Elliott 1979.03.27 - 1988.03.17 (Death)

ConselVative Party ot Canada Quebec

Conservative Party of Canada Ontario

Progressive Conservative Party

Manitoba

ConselVative Party of Canada New Brunswick

Liberal Party of Canada Alberta

Progressive Conservative Party

Liberal Party of Canada

New Brunswick

New Brunswick

Conservative Party of Canada Alberta

Conservative Party of Canada Quebec

Conservative Party of Canada Saskatchewan

Liberal Party of Canada .. Ontario

Independent Ontario

Liberal Party of Canada Quebec

Harper, Stephen

Harper, Stephen

Mulroney, Martin Brian

Harper. Stephen

Martin, Paul Edgar Philippe

Mulroney. Martin Brian

2009.08.27 -

2012.01.06-1986.11.17 - 2009.07.12 (Retirement)

2009.0827 -

2005.03.24 -

1990.08.30 - 1993.01.29 (Death)

Ch~~iien. Joseph Jacques 2003.09.09 - 2008.10.22 Jean (Retirement)

Harper, Stephen 2012.01.06-

Harper. Stephen 2011.06.13 -

Harper, Stephen 2009.01.02-

King, William Lyon 1930.02.15 - 1962.03.03 Mackenzie (Death)

Chretien, Joseph Jacques 1998.06.11 - 2002.04.08 Jean (Retirement)

Trudeau, Pierre Elliott 1979.03.26 - 1999.01.31 (Resignation)

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59

Annex 2: Table of women and First Nation peoples in Senate and House of Commons

Members of The House Of Commons

Parliament of Canada

PARLIAMENT a/CANADA Site Map I A to Z Index I Contact Us I Franc;ais

Home Parliamentary Business Senators and Members About Pariiament Visitor Information Employment

PARLINFO

MEMBERS OF THE HOUSE OF COMMONS

SEARCH CRITERIA

Parliament: --ALL--

Members newly elected - Date of Election

Current Members only

Name starts with:

Party Affiliation:

Riding's name contains:

Province or Territory:

Gender:

[::: Show Picture

, Show first election and subsequent elections

--ALL--

--ALL--

Women

255 Members of the House of Commons

Members not elected in preceding Parliament

Page lof5

7N~~._~'":.~_~_ ... "':" .. _.~ .. _.C" .. _ .. ~ .... _~~~"7.'~~P~O~Ii~ti~Ca~I7"A~ff~il~ia~tio~n~a~t~F~ir~s~t.Election C.~o~n~S~Ii~tu~e~n~cy,"a~t~F~ir~s~tE~I~e~cli~·o~n~~~~~~~~~~~D~a~le~of~F~ir"Cs~t~E~le~cti,"'o""n Macphail, Agnes Campbell Prowessive -Grey Southeast, O~tario 1921.12.06

Black, Martha Louise Independent Conservative Yukon, Yukon 1935.10.14 Nielsen, Dorise Winifred Unity North BattJeford, Saskatchewan 1940.03.26

Casselman, Cora Taylor Liberal Edmonton East, Alberta 1941.06.02 (By·Election)

Strum, Gladys Grace Mae

Fairclough, Ellen Louks

Aitken, Margaret

Bennett, Sybil ~,hipley. Marie Ann Wadds, Jean Casselman

LaMarsh. Julia Verlyn (Judy)

Macdonaid, Margaret 'M~fy

Hardie, Isabel J. Tibbie

Jewett, Pauline

KO.nantz. ~argaret MeT avish

Jones, Eloise May

Rideout. Margaret Isabel

Macinnis, Winona Grace

Begin, Monique

NiaCDonal~, Flora Isabel

Morin, Albanie

Sauve, Jeanne

Appolloni, Ursula

Campagnolo, lona

Campbell, Coline M.

!i0It,S,imm~ Nicholson, Aideen

Pigott, Jean Elizabeth

Hervieux·Payette, Celine

C.C.F.

Progressive Conservative

Progressive Conservative

Progressive Conservative

liberal

-P~rogressive Conservative

Liberal

Progressive Conservative

Liberal

Liberal

Liberal

Progressive Conservative

Liberal

New Democratic Party

Liberal

Progressive Conservative ~Liberal

Liberal

Liberal

Liberal

Liberal

liberal

liberal

Progressive Conservative

Liberal

Killens, Marie Therese Rollande Liberal

Mitchell, M~.9aret Anne New Democratic Party

Stratas, Diane Rose Progressive Conservative

Beauchamp-Niquet, Suzanne Liberal

Qu'Appelle, Saskatchewan

Hamilton West, Ontario

York-Humber, Ontario

Halton, Ontario

Timiskaming, Ontario

'Grenvili~':::'D~ndas, Ontario

Niagara Falls, Ontario

King's, Prince Edward Island

Northwest Territories, Northwest Territories Northumberland, Ontario . .

Winnipeg South, Manitoba

Saskatoon, Saskatchewan

Westmorland, New Brunswick

Vancouver Kingsway, British Columbia

Saint·Michel, Quebec

K!ngston and the Islands, O.ntario

Louis·Hebert, Quebec

Ahuntsic, Quebec

York South. Ontario

Skeena, British Columbia

South Western Nova, Nova Scotia

Vancouver Kin~~way, Bri.tish ,Columbia

Trinity,.On.tario

Ottawa-Carleton, Ontario

Mercier, Quebec

Saint-Michel, Quebec

Vancouver East. British Columbia

Scarborough 'Centre: Ontario

Roberval, Quebec

1945.06.11 1950.05.15

(By·Election)

1953.08.10 1953.08.10

1953.08.10 1958.09.29

(By-Election)

1960.10.31 (By-Election)

1961.05.29 (By-Election)

1962.06.18 1963.04.08 1963.04.08

1964.06.22 (By-8ection)

1964.11.09 (By-Section)

1965.11.08

1972.10.30

1972.10.30 1972.10.30

1972.10.30 1974.07.08 1974.07.08 1974.07.08

1974.07.08 1974.07.08

1976.10.18 (By-Election)

1979.05.22 1979.05.22

1979.05.22 1979.05.22

1980.02.18

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60

Annex 2: Table of women and First Nation peoples in Senate and House of Commons

Members of The House Of Commons Page 2 of 5

Carney, Pat Progressive Conservative Vancouver Centre, British Columbia 1980.02.18

Cote, Eva Lachance liberal Rimouski, Quebec 1980.02.18

Erola, Judith A. Liberal Nickel Belt, Ontario 1980.02.18

Cossitt, Jennifer Progressive Conservative Leeds--Grenville, Ontario 1982.10.12 (By-Election)

McDonald, lynn New Democratic Party Broadview--Greenwood, Ontario 1982.10.12 (By·Bection)

Bertrand, Gabrielle Progressive Conservative 8rome--Missisquoi, Quebec 1984.09.04

81ais-Grenier: Suza~ne Progressive Conservative Rosemont, Quebec 1984.09.04

Blouin, Anne Progressive Conservative Montmorency--Drieans, Quebec 1984.09.04

Bourgauh, Lise Progressive Conservative Argenteuil-Papineau. Quebec 1984.09.04

Browes, Pauline Progressive Conservative Scarborough Centre, Ontario 1984.09.04

Champagne, Andree Progressive Conservative Saint-Hy-acinthe-Bagot, Quebec 1984.09.04

CoDins, Mary Progressive Conservative Capitano, British Columbia 1984.09.04

Copps, Sheila Maureen liberal Hamilton East, On~~rio 1984.09.04

Finestone, Sheila Liberal Mount Royal. Quebec 1984.09.04

Fortin-Duplessis, Suzanne Progressive Conservative Louis-Hebert, Quebec 1984.09.04

Jacques, Carole Progressive Conservative Montreal-Mercier, Quebec 1984.09.04

LaOdry, Monique Progressive Conservative Blainville-Deux-Montagnes, Quebec 1984.09.04

Mailly, Claudy Progressive Conservative Galineau, Quebec 1984.09.04

Martin, Shirley Progressive Conservative lincoln, Ontario 1984.09.04

McDougall. Barbara Jean Progressive Conservative 5t. Paul's, Ontario 1984.09.04

Pepin, Lucie Liberal Oulremant, Quebec 1984.09.04

Sparrow, Barbara Jane (Bobbie) Progressive Conservative Calgary South, Alberta 1984.09.04

~ a.~~if,. M.~~ique Bernatchez Progressive Conservative Charlesbourg, Quebec 1984.09.04

Vezina, Monique Progressive Conservative Rimouski-TemiscQuata, Quebec 1984.09.04

Dewar, Marion New Democratic Party Hamilton Mountain, O~tario 1987.07.20 (By· Election)

McLaughlin, Audrey Marlene New'Democratic Party Yukon, Yukon 1987.07.20 (By-Election)

Anderson, Edna Progressive ConselVative Simcoe Centre, Ontario 1988.11.21

Black, Dawn New Democratic Party New Westminster--8urnaby, British Columbia 1988.11.21

Blondin-Andrew, Ethel Dorothy Liberal Western Arctic, Northwest Territories 1988.11.21

Callbeck, Catherine S. liberal Malpeque, Prince Edward Island 1988.11.21

CampbeU, A. Kim Progressive Conservative Vancouver Centre, British Columbia 1988.11.21

Catterall, Marlene Liberal Ottawa West, Ontario 1988.11.21

Clancy, Mary Catherine liberal Halifax, Nova Scotia 1988.11.21

Dobbie, Dorothy I. Progressive ConselVative Winnipeg South, Manitoba 1988.11.21

Feltham, Louise Progressive Conservative Wild Rose, Alberta 1988.11.21

Gaffney. Beryl Liberal Nepean, Ontario 1988.11.21

Gibeau, Marie ~~owessive Conservative Bourassa, Quebec 1988.11.21

Greene, Barbara Progressive Conservative Don Valley North: Ontario 1988.11.21

Guarnieri, Albina Liberal Mississauga East, Ontario 1988.11.21

Hunter, Lynn New.Democratic Party Saanich--Gulf Islands, British Columbia 1988.11.21

Langan, Joy New Democratic Party Mission-Coquitlam, British Columbia 1988.11.21

Maheu, Shirley Liberal Saint-Laurent, Quebec 1988.11.21

Marleau, Diane Liberal S~~dbury, ,?n~~~ 1988.11.21

Phinney, Elizabeth (Beth) liberal Hamilton Mountain, Ontario 1988.11.21

Roy-Arcelin, Nicole Progressive Cons6IVative Ahuntsic, Quebec 1988.11.21

Stewart, Christine Susan Liberal Northumberland, Ontario 1988.11.21

Venne, Pierrette Progressive Conservative Saint-Hubert, Quebec 1988.11.21

Grey, Deborah C. Reform Beaver River, Alberta 1989.03.13 (By-Election)

~,~Ion~~~,,~~~, Reform Calgary North. Alberta 1993.10.25

Augustine, Jean Liberal Etobicoke-Lakeshore. Ontario 1993.10.25

Bakopanos, Eleni liberal Saint-Denis, Quebec 1993.10.25

Bames~ .. S.,-!s~n (Sue) Liberal London West, Ontario 1993.10.25

Beaumier, Colleen liberal Brampton, Ontario 1993.10.25

Bethel, Judith Claire (Judy) liberal Edmonton East, Alberta 1993.10.25

8~~g~~n, M~rgaret Reform Surrey North, British Columbia 1993.10.25

Brown, Bonnie liberal Oakville-Milton, Ontario 1993.10.25

Brown, Jan Reform Calgary Southeast, Alberta 1993.10.25

Brushett, Dianne Liberal Cumberland-Golchester, Nova Scotia 1993.10.25

Chamberlain, Brenda l.iberal Guelph-Welii~glon, Ontario 1993.10.25

Cohen, Elizabeth Shaughnessy liberal Windsor--St. Clair, Ontario 1993.10.25

Cowling, Marlene Liberal Oauphin--Swan River, Manitoba 1993.10.25

Dalphond-Guiral, Madeleine Bloc Quebecois Laval Centre, Quebec 1993.10.25

Debien, Maud Bloc Quebecois Laval East, Quebec 1993.10.25

Fry, Hedy liberal Vancouver Centre, British Columbia 1993.10.25

Gagnon, Christiane Bloc Quebecois Quebec, Quebec 1993.10.25

Guay, Monique Bloc Quebecois Laurentides, Quebec 1993.10.25

Hayes, Sharon Ruth Reform Port Moody--Coquitlam, British Columbia 1993.10.25

Hickey, Patricia (Bonnie) Liberal St. John's East, Newfoundland and Labrador 1993.10.25

Jennings, Daphne G. Reform Mission-Coquitlam, British Columbia 1993.10.25

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61

Annex 2: Table of women and First Nation peoples in Senate and House of Commons

Members of The House Of Commons

Kraft Sloan, Karen

Lalonde, Francine

McLellan. A. Anne

Meredith. Valerie (Val)

Minna, Maria

Parrish, Carolyn

Payne, Jean

Picard, Pauline

Ri~~u~~. ~i~~rette: Sheridan, Georgette

Skoke, Roseanne

Stewart, Jane

Terrana, Anna Marina

Torsney, Paddy

Tremblay, Suzanne

Uf, Rose-Marie Margaret

Wayne, Elsie Eleanore

Whelan, Susan

Robillard, Lucienne

Alarie, HeMme Bennett, Carolyn

Bradshaw, Claudette

Bulte, Sannite D.

Caplan, Elinor

CarroD, M. Aileen

Davies, libby Desjarlais, Bev

Dockrill, Michelle Felco, Raymonde

Girard-Bujold, Jocelyne

Hardy, Louise

Jennings, Marlene

Karetak-lindeil, Nancy Leung, M. Sophia i.iCWen<lY~~

Longfield. Judi McDonough, Alexa

Redman, Karen

St-Hilaire, Caroline

St-Jacques, Diane

Thibeaul~ Yolande

Vautour, Angela

Wasylycia-Leis, Judy

Sgro, Judy

Allard, Carole·Marie

Bourgeois, Diane

Gallanl, Cheryl

Hinton, Betty

Neville, Anita

Scherrer, Helene ·c. Skelton, Carol Yelich, Lynne

Frulla, Uza

Am~ros~, Aona

B?ivin, Fran~ise

80nsant, France

Brunelle, Paule

Crowder, Jean

Demers, Nicole

Deschamps, Johanne

Dhalla, Ruby

Faille, Meili

Finley, Diane

Grewal, Nina

Guergis, Helena

Kadis, Susan

Lavallee, Carole

Oda, Bev

Poirier-Rivard, Denise

Aatansi, Yasmin

Liberal

Bloc Quebecois

Liberal

Aeform

Liberal

Liberal

Liberal

Bloc Quebecois

Liberal

Liberal

Liberal

Liberal

Liberal

Liberal

Bloc Quebecois

Liberal

Progressive Conservative

liberal

Liberal

Bloc Quebecois

Liberal

Liberal

Liberal

Liberal

Liberaf

New Democratic Party

New Democratic Party

New Democratic Party

Liberal

Bloc Quebecois

New Democratic Party

Liberal

Liberal

Liberal

New Democratic Party

Liberal

New Democratic Party

Liberal

Bloc Quebecois

Progressive Conservative

Liberal

New Democratic Party

New Democratic Party

Liberal

Liberal

Bloc Quebecois

Canadian Alliance

Canadian Alliance

Liberal

Liberal

Canadian Alliance

Canadian Alliance

Liberal

Conservative

Liberal

Bloc Quebecois

Bloc Quebecois

New Democratic Party

Bloc Quebecois

Bloc Quebecois

~Liberal

Bloc Quebecois

Conservative

Conservative

Conservative

Liberal

Bloc Quebecois

Conservative

Bloc Quebecois

Liberal

York-Simcoe, Ontario

Mercier, Quebec

Edmonton Northwest, Alberta

Surrey-White Rock··South Langley, British Columbia

8eaches--Woodbine, Ontario

Mississauga West, Ontario

SI. John's West, Newfoundland and Labrador

Drummond, Quebec

Madawaska-Victoria, New Brunswick

Saskatoon-Humboldt, Saskatchewan

Central Nova, Nova Scotia

Brant, Ontario

Vancouver East, British Columbia

Burlington, Ontario

Aimouski-Temiscouata, Quebec

Lambton··Middlesex, Ontario

Saint John, New Brunswick

Essex·~Windsor, Ontario

Saint-Henri-·Westmount. Quebec

Louis-Hebert, Quebec

SI. Paul's, Ontario

Moncton, New Brunswick

Parkdale-High Park, Ontario

Thornhill, Ontario

Barrie-Simcoe--Bradford, Ontario

Vancouver East, British Columbia

Churchill, Manitoba

Bras d'Or, Nova Scotia

Laval West, Quebec

Jonquiere, Quebec

Yukon, Yukon

Notre-Dame--de-Grace-Lachine, Quebec

Nunavut, Northwest Territories

Vancouver Kingsway, British Columbia

, Da"rtmouth, Nova Scotia

Whitby-Ajax, Ontario

Halifax, Nova Scotia

Kitchener Centre, Ontario

Longueuil, Quebec

Shefford, Quebec

Saint-Lambert, Quebec

Beausejour--Petitcodiac, New Brunswick

Winnipeg North Centre, Manitoba

York West, Ontario

Laval East, Quebec

Terrebonne--Blainville, Quebec

Renfrew-Nipissing·-Pembroke, Ontario

Kamloops, Thompson and Highland Valleys, British Columbia

Winnipeg South Cent~e, ~anitoba

Louis-Hebert, Quebec

Saskatoon-Aosetown--Biggar, Saskatchewan

Blackstrap. Saskatchewan

Verdun-Saint-Henri-Saint-Paul--Pointe Saint~Chartes, Quebec

Edmonton-Spruce Grove, Alberta

Galineau, Quebec

Compton--Stanstead, Quebec

Trois-Rivieres, Quebec

Nanaimo--Cowichan, British Columbia

Laval, Quebec

Laurentides-Labelle. Quebec

8ra~pt.on··Springdale, Ontario

Vaudreuil--Soulanges, Quebec

Haldimand-Norfolk, Ontario

Fleetwood--Port Kells. British Columbia

Simcoe-Grey, Ontario

Thornhill, Ontario

Saint-Bruno-Saint-Hubert, Queb~c

Clarington-Scugog--Uxbridge, Ontario

Chateauguay-·Saint-Constant, Ouebec

Don Valley East, Ontario

Page 3 of5

1993.10.25 1993.10.25

1993.10.25 1993.10.25 1993.10.25

Ui93.10.25 1993.10.25 1993.10.25

1993.10.25 1993.10.25 1993.10.25

1993.10.25 1993.10.25

1993.10.25 1993.10.25 1993.10.25

1993.10.25

1993.10.25 1995.02.13

(By-Election)

1997.06.02

1997.06.02 1997.06.02

1997.06.02 1997.06.02 1997.06.02 j997.06.02

1997.06.02

1997.06.02 1997,06.02 1997.06.02 1997.06.02

1997.06.02 1997.06.02 1997.06.02 1997.06.02

1997.06.02

1997.06.02 1997.06.02

1997.06.02 1997.06.02 1997.06.02

1997.06.02

1997.06.02 1999.11.15 (By-Election)

2000.11.27

2000.11.27 2000.11.27

2000.11,27 2000.11.27

2000.11.27 2000.11.27 2000.11.27 2002.05.13

(By-Election)

2004.06.28 2004.06.28

2004.06.28 2004.06.28

2004.06.28 2004.06.28

2004.06.28 2004.06.28

2004.06.28 2004.06,28

2004.06.28 2004.06.28

2004.06.28

2004.06.28 2004.06.28

2004.06.28 2004.06.28

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62

Annex 2: Table of women and First Nation peoples in Senate and House of Commons

Members of The House Of Commons Page 4 of 5

Smith, Joy Conservative Kildonan-St. Paul, Manitoba 2004.0628

Stronach, Belinda Conservative Newmarket-Aurora, Ontario 2004.06.28

Thibault, louise Bloc Quebecois Rimouski-T emiscouata. Quebec 2004.06.28

Barbot, Vivian Bloc Quebecois Papineau, Quebec 2006.01.23

Bell, Catherine New Democratic Party Vancouver Island North, British Columbia 2006.01.23

Boucher I Sylvie Conservative Beauport·-Limoilou, Quebec 2006.01.23

Charlton, Chris New Democratic Party Hamilton Mountain, Ontario 2006.01.23

Chow, Olivia New Democratic Party T rinity-Spadina, Ontario 2006.01.23

Davidson, Patricia Conservative Samia-Lambton, Ontario 2006.01.23

Oe8~liefeuille. CI~~de Bloc Quebecois Beauharnois-Salaberry. Quebec 2006.01.23

Freeman, Carole Bloc Quebecois Chateauguay-Saint-Constant, Quebec 2006.01.23

Keeper, Tina liberal Churchill, Manitoba 2006.01.23

Mathyssen, Irene New Democratic Party London-Fanshawe, Ontario 2006.0123

Mourani, Maria Bloc Quebecois Ahuntsic, Quebec 2006.01.23

Nash, Peggy New Democratic Party Parkdale-High Park, Ontario 2006.0123

Priddy, Penny New Democratic Party Surrey North, British Columbia 2006.0123

Savoie, Denise New Democratic Party Victoria, British Columbia 2006.0123

Verner, Josee Conservative Louis-Saint-Laurent, Quebec 2006.0123

Thi Lac, r::ve-Mary Thai Sioc Quebecois Saint-Hyacinthe--Sagot, Quebec 2007.09.17 (Bv-Eleclion)

Hall Findlay, Martha Liberal Willowdale, Ontario 2008.03.17 (Bv-EIec1ion)

Murray, Joyce Liberal Vancouver Quadra, British Columbia 2008.03.17 (By-Election)

Aglukkaq, Leona Conservative Nunavut, Nunavut 2008.10.14

Ashton, Niki New Democratic Party Churchill, Manitoba 200£1.10.14

Beaudin, Josee Bloc Quebecois Saint-Lambert, Quebec 2008.10.14

Bergen, Candice Conservative Portage--Lisgar, Manitoba 2008.10.14

Block, Kelly Conservative Saskatoon-Ros~t~wn"':Biggar, Saskatchewan 200!i.~io. f4 Brown, Lois Conservative Newmarket-Aurora, Ontario 2008.10.14

Cadman, Dona Conservative Surrey North, British Columbia 2008.10.14

Coady, Siobhan Liberal St. John's South-Mount Pearl, Newfoundland and Labrador 2008.10.14

Crombie, Bonnie Liberal Mississauga-Streetsville, Ontario 2008.10.14

Duncan, Kirsty Liberal Etobicoke North, Ontario 2008.10.14

Duncan, Linda Francis New Democratic Party Edmonton-:Strathcona, Alberta 2008.10.14

Foote, Judy Liberal Random-Burin--St. George's, Newfoundland and Labrador 2008.10.14

Glover, Shelly ConselVative Saint Boniface, Manitoba 2008.10.14

Hughes, Carol New.Democratic Party Algoma-Maniloulin-Kapuskasing. Ontario 2008.10.14

Leslie, Megan New Democratic Party Halifax, Nova Scotia 2008.10.14

McLeod, Cathy Conservative Kam~~~ps-Thompson-Cariboo, British Columbia 2008.10.14

Mendes, Alexandra liberal Brossard-La Prairie. Quebec 2008.10.14

O'Neill Gordon, Tilly ConselVative Miramichi, New Brunswick 2008.10.14

Raitt,Lisa ConselVative Halton, Ontario 2008.10.14

Shea, Gail ConselVative Egmont, Prince Edward Island 2008.10.14

Simson, Michelle liberal Scarborough Southwest, Ontario 2008.10.14

Wong. Alice Conservative Richmond, British Columbia 2008.10.14

Zarac,lise Liberal LaSalle-Emard, Quebec 2008.10.14

Adams, Eve Conservative Mississauga-Bramplon South, Ontario 2011.05.02

Ambler, Stella Conservative Mississauga South, Ontario 2011.05.02

Ayala, Paulina New Democratic Party Honore-Mercier, Quebec 2011.05.02

~a~.~a~~ Joyce Conservative Winnipeg South Centre, Manitoba 2011.05.02

Blanc.hette-Lamothe, Lysane New Democratic Party Pierrefonds--Dollard, Quebec 2011.05.02

80rg, Charmaine New Democratic Party T errebonne-Blainville, Quebec 2011.05.02

Boutin-Sweet, Marjolaine New Democratic Party Hochelaga, Quebec 2011.05.02

Brosseau, Ruth Ellen oNew Democratic Party Berthier--Maskinonge, Quebec 2011.05.02

Day, ~Anne-:Marie Ne;w D~~ocratic Party Charlesbourg-Haute-Saint-Charles, Quebec 2011.05.02

Dore Lefebvre. Rosane New D.~mocratic Party Alfred-Pellan, Quebec 2011.05.02

Findlay, ·Ke:'!Y.-Ly~ne D. Conservative Delta-Richmond Eas·t, B~itish Columbia 2011.05.02

Freeman. Myleme New Democratic Party Argenteuil-Papi~eau:"'Mirabel, Quebec 2011.05.02

Groguhe, Sadia New Democratic Party Saint-Lambert, Quebec 2011.05.02

Hassainia, Sana New Democratic Party Verch~res--Les Patriotes, Quebec 2011.05.02

James, Roxanne ~~

Conservative Scarborough Centre, Ontario 2011.05.02

Latendresse, Alexandrine N~w De~ocratic ~~rty Louis-Saint-Laurent, Quebec 2011.05.02

laverdiere. Helene New 1?~~?Cratic Party Laurier-Sainte-Marie, Quebec 2011.05.02

LeBlanc, Helene New Democratic Party LaSaOe-Emard, Quebec 2011.05.02

Leitch, Kellie Conservative Simcoe-Grey, Ontario 2011.05.02

Liu, Laurin New Democratic Party Riviere-cles-Milie-lIes, Quebec 2011.05.02

May, Elizabeth Green Party Saanich-Gulf Islands, British Columbia 2011.05.02

Michaud, Elaine New Democratic Party Portneuf-Jacques-Cartier. Quebec 2011.05.02

Moore, Christine New. Oemocr~tic Party Abitibi--Temiscamingu·e, Quebec 2011.05.02

Morin, Isabelle New Democratic Party Notre-Dame-de-Grcke-Lachine, Quebec 2011.05.02

Morin, Marie-Claude New Democratic Party Saint-Hyacinthe-Bagot, Quebec 2011.05.02

PapiUon, Annick New Democratic Party Quebec, Quebec 2011.05.02

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63

Annex 2: Table of women and First Nation peoples in Senate and House of Commons

Members of The House Of Commons Page 5 of 5

Peelel, Eve New Democratic Party La Pointe-de-I'lle, Quebec 2011.05.02 Perreault, Manon New Democratic Party Montcalm, Quebec 2011.05.02

Quach, Anne Minh-Thu New Democratic Party Beauharnois--Salabeny, Quebec 2011.05.02 Aaynault, Francine New Democratic Party Joliette, Quebec 2011.05.02

Rempel, Michelle Conservative Calgary Centre-North, Alberta 2011.05.02

Sallah, Djaouida New Democratic Party Saint-Bruno--Saint-Hubert, Quebec 2011.05.02

Sims, Jinny Jogindera New Democratic Party Newton--North Delta, British Columbia 2011.05.02

Sitsabaiesan, Aathika New Democratic Party Scarborough-Rouge River, Ontario 2011.05.02

St-Denis, Lise New Democratic Party Saint-MaurIce-Champlain. Quebec 2011.05.02

Truppe, Susan Conservative London North Centre, Ontario 2011.05.02

Turmel, Nycole New Democratic Party Hull-Aylmer. Quebec 2011.05.02

Young, Wai Conservative Vancouver South. British Columbia 2011.05.02

Crockatt, Joan Conservative Calgary Centre, Alberta 2012.11.26 (Bv-Election)

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64

Annex 2: Table of women and First Nation peoples in Senate and House of Commons

Inuit, Metis or First Nation Origin Page 1 of 1

Parliament of Canada

PARLIAMENT of CANADA Site Map I A to Z Index I Contact Us I Franyais

Home Parliamentary Business Senators and Members About Parliament Visitor Information Employment

PARLINFO

INUIT, METIS OR FIRST NATION ORIGIN

SEARCH CRITERIA

Parliamentary Function: Members of the House of Commons

Current Parliamentarians Only

Native Origin: -ALL-

Name Political Affiliation Constituency Date Elected Native Origin (yyyy.mm.dd) .......... __ ...... __ . __ ._._ ...... _ ....... _._- ................ _-._-_._._-_ .. _. __ ._-_.

McKay. Angus Conservative (1867-1942) Marque~~. Manitoba 1871.03.02 "Metis Delorme. Pierre Cc;nservativ6 (1867-1942) Provencher, Manitoba 1871.03.03 Metis

Riel, Louis Independent Provencher, Manitoba 1873.10.13 Metis

Boucher, WiUiam Albert Libe~ral~PartY of Canada Rosthern, Sask~tchewan 1948.1025 ~~- Metis

Teillet, Roger-Joseph Liberal Party of Canada St. Boniface, Manitoba 1962.06.18 Metis

Rheaume, Eugene (Gene) Progressive Conservative Party Northwest Territories, Northwest 1963.04.08 Metis Territories

Marchand, Len ~Libe~~ ~Pariv of Canada Kamloops-Cariboo, British Columbia 1968.06.25 First Nations

Firth. Walter (Wally) New Democratic Party Northwest Territories, Northwest 1972.10.30 Metis Territories

Ittinuar, Peter New Democratic Party Nunatsiaq, Northwest Territories 1979.0522 Inuit

Keeper, Cyril New Democratic Party Winn~pe!l:-St: J~n:-e,s, ~anitoba 1980.02.18 Metis

8t. GermB!n, Gerry Progressive Conservative"Party Mission-Port Moody, British Columbia 1983.08.29 Metis

Suluk, Thomas Progressive Conservative Party Nunatsiaq, Northwest Territories 1984.09.04 Inuit

Anawc:k, Jac~ __ ly~rak Liberal Party of Canada Nunatsia~, Northwest Territories 1988.11.21 Inuit

Blondin-Andrew, Ethel Dorothy Liberal Party of Canada Western Arctic, Northwest Territories 1988.1121 First Nations

Littlechild, Wilton (Willie) Progressive Conservative Party Wetaskiwin, Alberta 1988.11.21 First Nations

DeViliers, Paul liberal Party of Canada Simcoe North, Ontario 1993.1025 Metis

Harper, Elijah Liberal Party of Canada Churchill, Manitoba 1993.10.25 First Nations

O'Brien, Lawrence D. Liberal Party of Canada Labrador, Newfoundland and Labrador 1996.03.25 Metis

Karetak-Lindell, Nancy liberal Party of Canada Nunavut, Northwest Territories 1997.06.02 Inuit

Laliberte, Rick New Democratic Party Churchill River, Saskatchewan 1997.06.02 Metis

Cleary, Bernard Bloc Quebecois Louis-Saint+laurent, Quebec 2004.0628 First Nations

Smith, David Liberal Party of Canada Pontiac, Quebec 2004.0628 Metis

Russell, Todd Norman Liberal Party o.f C~nada Labrador, Newfoundland and Labrador 2005.05.24 Metis

Bruinooge, Rod Conservative Party of Canada Winnipeg South, Manitoba 2006.01.23 Metis

Keeper, Tina liberal Party of Canada Churchill, Manitoba 2006.0123 First Nations

Merasty, Gary Liberal PartY of Cana~ Oe~nethe--Missinippi--Churcl,iII River, 2006.01.23 First Nations Saskatchewan

Clarke, Rob Conservative Party of Canada Desnethe--Missinippi-Churchill River, 2008.03.17 First Nations Saskatchewan

Aglukkaq. Leona Conservative Party of Canada Nunavut, N'unavut 2008.10.14 Inuit

Glover, Shelly Con~ervative Party of <?anada Saint Boniface. Manitoba 2008.10.14 Metis

~ene~t-~our?~~~~~~~than New Democratic Party Manicouagan, Quebec 2011.05.02 First Nations

Penashue, Peter Conservative Party of Canada labrador, Newfoundland and Labrador 2011.05.02 First Nations

Sagan ash, Romeo New Democratic Party Abitibi-Baie-James--Nunavik-Eeyou, 2011.05.02 First Nations Quebec

http://www.parl.gc.caiParlinfo/CompilationslParliament! Aboriginal.aspx?Role=MP&Cur... 2013-05-11

65

Annex 2: Table of women and First Nation peoples in Senate and House of Commons

Inuit, Metis or First Nation Origin

Parliament of Canada

PARLIAMENT afCANADA Site Map I A to Z Index I Contact Us I Franqais

Home Parliamentary Business Senators and Members About Parliament Visitor Informalion Employment

PARLINFO

INUIT, METIS OR FIRST NATION ORIGIN

SEARCH CRITERIA

Parliamentary Function:

Current Parliamentarians Only

Native Origin:

Name

Hardisty, Richard Charles

Boucher, William Albert

Gladstone, James

Williams, Guy R. Adams, Willie

Watt, Charlie

Marchand, Len

Twinn, Walter

St. Germain, Gerry

Chalifoux, Thelma

Gill, Aurelien

Sibbeston, Nick G.

Dyck, Lillia.n Eva

Lovelace Nicholas, Sandra

Brazeau, Patrick

Senators

-- ALL--

Political Affiliation

Conservative (1867-1942)

Liberal Party of Canada

Independent Conservative Liberal~PartY of Canada~-' ~

Liberal Party of Canada

Liberal Party of Canada

Liberai Party of C~nada

Province I T erritolY

Northwest Territories

Saskatchewan

Alberta British Columbi~~ Northwest Territories

Quebec

British Columbia Progressive Conserv~tive Party 'Alberta

Progressive Conservative Party British Columbia

Liberal PartY of Canada Alberta

Liberal Party of Canada Quebec

Liberal Party of Canada Northwest Territories

New Democratic Party ·Saskatchewan

Liberal Party of Canada New Brunswick

Conservative Party of Canada Quebec

Page 1 of 1

Date Appointed Native Origin (vyyy·mm.dd) .. _ ................... _ ... _ ..... __ ... _ .. -1888.0223 Metis

1957.01.03 Metis

1958.01.31 First Nations

"1971.12.09 -First Nations

1977.04.05 Inuit 1984.01.16 Inuit 1984.06.29 First Nations

1990.09.27 Rrst Nations

1993.06.23 Metis

1997.11.26 Metis

1998.09.17 First Nations

1999.09.02 First Nations

2005.03.24 First Nations

2005.0921 First Nations

2009.01.08 Rrst Nations

http://www.parl.gc.ca/Pariinfo/Compilations/Parliamenti Aboriginal.aspx?Role=Senators 2013-05-11

66

Annex 3: Table of current and recently retired senators and outside employment declared on Senate Ethics Officer website

ANNEXE3

Senator Outside Employment, Outside Positions (non voluntary) Profession, or Business

Andreychuk, - None - None -Raynell

Ataullahjan, - Business as part - Vice-President of Sascom -

Salma owner of Sascom Computer System Inc., a private

Computer System corporation with activities in

Inc., a private custom software, programming,

corporation with maintenance of programs and

activities in custom computer systems.

software, programming, maintenance of programs and computer systems; and

- Non practicing real estate agent

Baker, - Business in mineral - Director of Baker Prospecting and -George prospecting under a Exploration Inc., a private

corporate structure corporation which prospects for

- minerals and holds mineral rights to lands for the purpose of prospecting, exploration and mining

Bellemare, - None - None -Diane

-

~

Disposable Income

None -

-

-

Business income from -Sascom Computer System Inc.

Pension from the Canada -Pension Plan

-

Revenu suite 11 un contrat -complete avec Ralimpex International Inc. Rente de retraite du Regime de retraite des employes du gouvernement et des organismes publics du Quebec

Assets

10 shared units in an apartment block from Hampton House Limited RRSPs with TD Asset Management Fund Pension from the Saskatchewan Provincial Judges Superannuation

Shares of Sascom Computer System Inc.

Wilderness vehicles, boats, trailers and engines used in mineral exploration; and Shares of Baker Prospecting and Exploration Inc.

Regime enregistre d'epargne-retraite et divers placements aupres de RBC Dominion Securities et Ie Fonds de solidarite FTQ, composes de valeurs cotees en bourse de societes et d'autres valeurs mobilieres.

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Senator Outside Employment, Outside Positions (non voluntary) Profession, or Business

Boisvenu, - None - None

Pierre-Hugues

Braley, - Business as owner of - President and Member of the

David Orlick Industries Board of Directors of Orlick

Limited; Industries Limited, an auto parts

- Business as owner of manufacturing company

Alexander Tools - President and Member of the

Limited; Board of Directors of Alexander

- Business as owner of Tools Limited, a distribution and

the BC Lions holding company for ownership

Football Club Inc.; in various real estate investments

- Business as owner of in Southern Ontario;

the Toronto - President and Chairman of the

Argonauts Football Board of Directors of the BC

Club Inc.; Lions Football Club Inc., a

- Business as owner of Canadian Professional Football

1463851 Ontario Team;

Limited; and - President and Chairman of the

- Business as Partner Board of Directors of the Toronto

in Innisfil Land Argonauts Football Club Inc., a

Holdings LP. Canadian Professional Football Team;

- President and Member of the Board of Directors of 1463851 Ontario Limited, a real estate investment company in the Hamilton area;

- Partner in Innisfil Land Holdings LP, a real estate investment partnership in Ontario; and

- Member of the Board of Directors of Swisher Hygiene Inc., a public commercial hygiene services.

Brazeau, - None - None

Patrick

Disposable Income

- Revenus de conferences -publiques

- Pension du Fonds de pension du Gouvernement du Quebec

- Employment and -shareholder loan interest from Orlick Industires -Limited

- Canada Pension Plan -- Interest from Scotiabank - Director's fees from -

Swisher Hygiene Inc. -

--

--

- None -

Assets

None

Shares of Bellatrix Exploration Ltd.; Shares of Swisher Hygiene Inc.; Shares of Terra Energy Corp.; Shares of Orlick Industries Limited; Shares of Alexander Tools Limited; Shares of the BC Lions Football Club Inc.; Shares of the Toronto Argonauts Football Club Inc.; Shares of 1463851 Ontario Limited; Interest in a partnership with Innisfil Land Holdings LP.

None

I

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Senator Outside Employment, Outside Positions (non voluntary) Profession, or Business

Brown, Bert - Infonnation missing - President of Bert Brown Land -Consultants Ltd., a company that provides services to individuals and companies concerning re-

o zoning, subdivision and planning of developments in and around Calgary, Alberta.

Buth, - None - None -JoAnne

Callbeck, - Business in real - Director and Officer of Lidstone -Catherine estate under a Realties Ltd., a real estate holding

corporate structure. company; - Director and President of -

Belmoral Investments Inc., a private investment holding -company.

---------------

Disposable Income Assets

Canada Pension Plan - Investment portfolio with Wealth Strategists in Calgary, Alberta

None - A Registered Retirement Savings Plan with Wellington West Financial Services, composed of units of mutual funds

- A Locked-in Retirement Account with Wellington West Financial Services, composed of units of mutual funds.

Business income from - Investment portfolio of Lidstone Realties Ltd. and publicly traded securities of Belmoral Investments Inc. corporations and units of Pension from the Canada mutual funds Pension Plan - Shares of Bel moral Pension from the Pension Investments Inc. and Plan for Members of the Lidstone Realties Ltd. Legislative Assembly of the Province of Prince Edward

I

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Senator Outside Employment, Outside Positions (non voluntary) Profession, or Business

Campbell, - Business as owner of - President of Mortis Consulting -LarryW. Mortis Consulting Ltd., a private company doing

Ltd., a private contract work in the area of -company doing forensic and investigation;

contract work in the - Member of the Board of Directors -area of forensic and of the Great Canadian Gaming

investigation. Corporation, a multi-jurisdictional gaming and entertainment operator;

- Member of the Board of Directors of Asantae, a producer and marketer of innovative nutritional products through direct and network marketing channels.

Carignan, A vocat exen;:ant la pratique - Adrninistrateur et president de Me -Claude du droit. Claude Carignan A vocat Inc., une

societe privee pour l'exercice de -la profession d'avocat;

- Adrninistrateur et dirigeant de la -Fiducie Binette Carignan.

-

--

Champagne, - None - None -Andree

-

Disposable Income

Business income as owner -of Mortis Consulting Ltd. Pension from the British Columbia Pension Plan Directors' fees from the Great Canada Gaming Corporation and from Asantae

Revenu de Binette -Carignan Inc. Revenu de Me Claude -Carignan Avocat Inc. Dividendes de placements -prives aupres de CIBC Wood Gundy -Revenu de la finne d'avocats Dufresne Hebert Comeau Inc. Pour services a titre d' avocat-conseil Dividendes de la Fiducie Binette Carignan Revenue locatif pour la location d'immeubles Droits de suite de Radio- -canada et prevoit recevoir des droits d'auteur des Editions La Semaine Regime des rentes du -Quebec

Assets

Shares of Mortis Consulting Ltd.

Des actions de Me Claude Carignan Avocat Inc.; Des actions de Binette Carignan Inc.; Un interet dans des immeubles a revenu locatif; I

Placements prives et divers regimes emegistres detenus par CIBC Wood Gundy et par Fiducie Binette

i

Carignan, composes de valeurs cotees en bourse de societes

FEER aupres de la Financiere Banque Nationale compose de fonds mutuels FEER aupres de la Banque canadienne imperiale de commerce compose de fonds mutuels

4

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Senator Outside Employment, Outside Positions (non voluntary) Profession, or Business

Chaput, - None - None -Maria

Charrette- - A vocate-conseil chez - None -Poulin, Heenan Blaikie LLP Marie-P

-

-

-

Comeau, - None - None -Gerald

Cools, Anne - None - Officer and member, Board of -Directors, Roann Rentals, a private family owned company holding investments in mutual funds; and

- Officer and member, Board of Directors, Dakota Investments, a private family owned company holding investments.

Cordy, Jane - None - None -

Disposable Income

None -

Honoraires en tant -qu' avocate-conseil chez Heenan Blaikie LLP Honoraires en tant qu'administrateur et mernre du conseil consultatif de Actra Fraternal Benefit Society Deux revenus de retraite de CBC/SRC Revenue de retraite de la fonction publique du Canada Regime de pension -universitaire

Directorship fees, Dakota -Investments

Teachers' Pension Plan of -the Government of Nova Scotia -

Assets

None

None

"

Regime enregistre d'epargne-retraite compose de fonds mutuel.

Shares of Roann Rentals, an RRSP with RBC composed of mutual funds, and an RRSP with TD Canada Trust composed of mutual funds and publicly traded securities.

Interest Free Savings Plan withRBC Investment savings account with RBC composed of publicly traded securities

5

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Senator Outside Employment, Outside Positions (non voluntary) Profession, or Business

Cowan, - None - Partner of the Atlantic Canada -James law firm of Stewart McKelvey,

Halifax, Nova Scotia - Corporate Secretary to the -

Halifax International Airport Authority's Board of Directors

-

-

-

Dagenais, - None - None -Jean-Guy

-

Dallaire, - Exploitation d'une - Administrateur et president de -Romeo entreprise sous une Romeo A. Dallaire LGen (Ret)

structure corporative Inc., une societe privee qui eeuvre

eeuvrant dans les dans les domaines de la redaction -domaines de la de livres, de films et la

redaction de livres, presentation de conferences.

de films et la -presentation de conferences. -

-

Disposable Income

A fixed annual stipend in equal monthly instalments with Stewart McKelvey An honorarium as Secretary to the Board of the Halifax International Airport Authority Trustee's fees from the Estate of Margaret St. George Expected executor's fees from the Estate of Joan Power and fromt eh Estate ofHSD Bauld An investment income from a portfolio of publicly traded investments maintained by the royal Bank of Canada Rente du regime de retraite des membres de la Surete du Quebec; et, revenu de loyer d'un condominium it I'Ile des Seeurs, Montreal, QC. Revenu du National Speakers Bureau pour des allocutions; Royautes de Westwood Creative Artists et de White Pines; Rente du regime de rentes du Quebec; Pension des forces canadiennes; Pension d'invalidite des anciens combattants

Assets

- A Registered Retirement Savings Plan (RRSP) with Royal Bank

- Condominium it l'lIe des Seeurs, Montreal, QC

- Des actions de la societe Romeo A. Dallaire LGen (Ret) Inc.

6

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Senator Outside Employment, Outside Positions (non voluntary) Disposable Income Profession, or Business

Dawson, - None - None - None

Dennis

Day, Joseph - None - None - Pension from the Canada

A. Pension Plan

- Rental income from an investment property

De Banee, - None - None - Pension du Regime de

Pierre pensions du Canada

Demers, - . Conferencier aupres - None - Revenu a titre de

Jacques du Bureau des conferencier

conferenciers Orizon.

Assets

- Un Regime enregistre d'epargne-retraite aupn':s de la Banque Nationale, compose d'unites de fonds communs de placement et de valeurs cotees en bourse de societes;

- Un Regime enregistre d'epargne-retraite aupn!s de la Banque Royale du Canada, compose d'unites de fonds communs de placement et de valeurs cotees en bourse de societes.

- Investment account, registered retirement savings plan and tax free savings account with CIBC Wood Gundy, composed of publicly traded securities of corporations; and

- Investment property.

- Regime enregistre d'epargne-retraite ainsi qu'un compte d'investissement aupres de TD Waterhouse, composes de valeurs cotees en bourse de societes.

- Un Regime enregistre d'epargne-retraite aupres de la Banque Royale du Canada, compose d'unites de fonds communs de placement.

7

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Senator Outside Employment, Outside Positions (non voluntary) Disposable Income Profession, or Business

Downe, - None - None - A government pension

Percy E.

Doyle, - None - None - A pension from the

NormanE. Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly Pension Plan.

Duffy, - Media consulting - Director and President of Mike - A business income from

Michael and public speaking. Duffy Media Services Inc., a Mike Duffy Media corporation involved in media Services Inc. consulting and public appearances.

Dyck, Lillian - None - None Dividends, interest and capital E. gains from an investment account

with Wood Gundy

Eaton, Nicole - None - None - Pension from the Canada Pension Plan

Eggleton, Art - None - None - Pension from OMERS for services with the City of Toronto

Enverga Jr., - None - None - Income from past

Tobias C. employment with the Bank of Montreal and the Toronto Catholic District School Board.

--_._---

Assets

- None

- None

- A Registered Retirement Savings Plan with TD Canada Trust, composed of publicly traded securities of corporations and term deposits; and

- Shares of Mike Duffy Media Services Inc.

- Registered Retirement Savings Plans, investment account and Tax Free Savings Account with Wood Gundy, composed of publicly traded securities of corporations, units of mutual funds and bonds; and

- Registered Pension Plan with the University of Saskatchewan.

- None

- None

- Registered Retirement Savings Plan with the Bank of Montreal, composed of publicly traded securities of corporations.

I I

8

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Senator Outside Employment, Outside Positions (non voluntary) Profession, or Business

Finley, Doug - None - None -

Fortin- - None - Administratrice et vice-presidente -Duplessis, de Tourbiere Fortin Inc., une

Suzanne compagnie privee inactive.

Fraser, Joan - None - None -

-

Frum, Linda - Business as owner of - Director and Officer of Linda -Linda Frum Frum Holdings Ltd., a private

Holdings Limited, its holding company with the -subsidiary subsidiary corporations of:

corporations and a - Frumcor Investments

portfolio of publicly Limited, a family investment

traded securities; and corporation;

- Employment from - Frumcor Holdings ULC, a

Howard Holdings family investment

Corporation. corporation; and - LFuture Investments Inc., a

corporation with interests in various real estate limited partnerships and a loan receivable from:

- Sunrise Entertainment LLLP, who owns the Florida Panthers Hockey Team.

- Director and Officer of 1513026 Ontario Ltd., a general partner of a real estate limited partnership called Trib-L limited Partnership;

- Director of the Frum Family Foundation;

- Trustee of the Estate of Barbara Frum;

Disposable Income Assets

None - RRSP with BMO composed of a GIC

Une prestation de retraite - Un interet conjoint dans versee par la Commission Tourbiere Fortin Inc. administrative des regimes de retraite et d'assurance. Dividends from common - Bonds and publicly traded shares of corporations and securities of corporations financial institutions; and financial institutions; Interest from bonds of - Units of mutual funds with Manulife. RBC Mutual Funds.

Salary from Howard - Shares of Linda Frum Holdings Corporation; and Holdings Ltd., its Expect receiving dividends subsidiary corporations and from Linda Frum Holdings assets; Ltd. - Shares ofFrumcor

Investments Limited; - Shares of Frumcor

Holdings ULC; - Shares of LFuture

Investments Inc. and its limited partnership which has a loan receivable from Sunrise Entertainment LLLP, who are the owners of the Florida Panthers Hockey Team;

- Portfolio of publicly traded securities managed by Gluskin & Sheff & Assoc.;

- Advance receivable - Linda Frum Holdings Ltd.;

- Shares of 1513026 Ontario Ltd. who is a general partner of a real estate limited partnership called Trib-L limited partnership.

!

9

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Senator Outside Employment, Outside Positions (non voluntary) Profession, or Business

- Trustee of the Murray FrumlNancy Lockhart Trust;

- Trustee of the Murray Frum Trust;

- Trustee of the Murray Frum (2007) Trust; and

- Director and Officer of The Linda Frum and Howard Sokolowski Charitable Foundation.

Furey, - None - Director of Canada Fluorspar -George J. Inc., a public corporation with

activities in the mining sector.

Gerstein, - None - Director of Medical Facilities -Irving Corporation, a Canadian public

corporation which has an interest in several specialty hospitals and centres in the United States;

- Chairperson of the Board of Directors of Atlantic Power Corporation, a Canadian public corporation which holds interests in a portfolio of power generation and transmission projects in the United States and Canada; and

- Corporate and Lead Director of Student Transportation Incorporated, a Canadian public corporation which provides school bus transportation services in the United States and Canada.

Greene, - None - None -Stephen

Disposable Income

Director's and Meeting -Fees from Canada Fluorspar Inc. - Director's fees from -Medical Facilities Corporation, Atlantic Power Corporation and Student Transportation Incorporated. -

-

A pension from the -Government of Nova Scotia Pension Plan

Assets I

I

Share options in Canada Fluorspar Inc.

Registered Retirement Savings Plan with CIBC Wood Gundy, composed of puhlicly traded securities of corporations; A variety of corporate bonds; and A portfolio of publicly traded securities of corporations with C.A. Delaney Investment Advisor CIBC Wood Gundy.

A Registered Retirement Savings Plan with Scotia McLeod and the Bank of Nova Scotia

10

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Senator Outside Employment, Outside Positions (non voluntary) Disposable Income Profession, or Business

Harb,Mac · Independent · President, Telmount Ltd. · Consultancy with United

consultant advising Nations Development

in areas such as: Program (UNDP) and

business, capacity Transtec Project

building and Management;

investment. · Rental income from real estate properties;

· Dividends and profits from a stock portfolio.

· I will be receiving income and revenue from Telmount Ltd. effective Feb 1,2013:

• Rental income • Consultant fee

Hervieux- · None - None · Revenu de location d'un

Payette, condominium et d'un

Celine duplex;

· Rente du regime de rentes du Quebec.

Housakos, · None · None · None

Leo

Hubley, · Instructor at the · None - Instructor and Artistic

Elizabeth Stepping Out Studio Director at the Stepping Out Studio; and

- Income property of the dance studio and community library.

Assets

· 1470267 Ontario Ltd., for real estate properties:

· 1264205 Ontario Ltd., for real estate properties;

· RRSPs with RBC composed of publicly traded securities;

· Investment account with TD Bank composed of publicly traded securities;

· RESP with RBC; · Real estate and land

holdings in various properties in Ontario.

· Un condominium et un duplex;

· Un portefeuille d'actions, d'obligations et autres valeurs mobilieres dont les gestionnaires sont CIBC Wood Gundy et la Financiere Desjardins.

· RRSP with P.W.L. Capital Inc. composed of publicly traded securities.

· Property used for a Dance studio and community library; and

· 20 acres of woodland.

11

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C/)(i3 CD () ::::l CD ru ::::l ............ CD -

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Senator Outside Employment, Outside Positions (non voluntary) Profession, or Business

Jafer, - Lawyer with Dolun - Member of the Board of Directors -Mobina S.B. Jaffer & Jeraj, a law of 548406 B.C. Ltd., a rental

firm in Vancouver, property corporation; -B.C. - Member of the Board of Directors

of 508721 RC. Ltd., a rental property corporation;

- Member of the Board of Directors of 765922 B.C. Ltd., a real estate corporation; and

- Partner with Dolun Jaffer & Jeraj, a law firm in Vancouver, B.C.

Johnson, - None - None -Janis G.

Joyal, Serge - Expert conseil aupres - Administrateur et dirigeant de -de Power 3029026 Canada Inc., une societe

Corporation du de gestion et de vente de biens

Canada, en vertu mobiliers et immobiliers.

d'un contrat de service de gestion et de consultation pour -sa collection d'reuvres d'art. -

Kenny, Colin - None - None -

-

Kinsella, - None - None -Noel

Disposable Income

Law practice income from -Dolun Jaffer & Jeraj; and Rental income from immovable properties.

Interest payments from an -Investment Income Trust.

Un revenu de Power -Corporation du Canada, en vertu d'un contrat de -service de gestion et de -consultation pour sa collection d'reuvres d'art; Un revenu de location d'un immeuble situe Ii Montreal; Un revenu d'entreprise de 3029026 Canada Inc. Income from an investment -portfolio with the Bank of Montreal; and A pension from the -Government of Canada.

Pension as a professor at -St. Thomas University

Assets

Commercial properties and rental properties

RRSP with Royal Dominion Securities composed ofpublicIy traded securities.

Des actions de la societe 3029026 Canada Inc.; Un immeuble Ii Montreal; Un inventaire d'reuvres d'art canadien et international.

An investment portfolio with the Bank of Montreal; and A Registered Retirement Savings Plan with the Bank of Montreal.

Investments in London Life Investments, Bank of Montreal, Toronto Dominion Bank and in real estate properties (land and buildings)

12

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Senator Outside Employment, Outside Positions (non voluntary) Disposable Income Assets Profession, or Business

» ::s ::s

Lang, Daniel - None - Director of Hector Lang - A business income from - Shares of Hector Lang Construction 2001 Ltd., a Hector Lang Construction Construction 2001 Ltd. corporation which rents 2001 Ltd.; and

ro X VJ

warehouses. - A pension from the Yukon Legislative Assembly Retirement Pension Plan.

Lebreton, - None - None - None - A Registered Retirement

Marjory Savings Plan with the Bank of Nova Scotia

Lovelace - None - None - None - None

Nicholas, Sandra M.

ro 0;1 3 eJ -0 --ro 0 '< 0 3 -. ro ::s (') ...... c 0..-, ro CD (') ::s n> ....... -,

MacDonald, - Business in - President and Chief Executive - None - Shares of Fleur de Lis Ltd.;

Michael accommodation Officer of Fleur de Lis Motel - Shares of Canada Coal

under a corporate Ltd., a corporation which operates Ltd.; and

structure. a motel, a restaurant and a lounge - Publicly traded securities complex in Louisbourg, Nova of corporations, bonds and Scotia; units of mutual funds with

- Member of the Board of Desjardins Financial Directors of Eastern Antimony Security and Independent Ltd., a corporation involved in Network Investments Inc. mining in Newfoundland; and

- Member of the Board of Directors of Canada Coal Ltd., a corporation engaged in the acquisition, exploration and development of coal properties in

.. Nunavut.

_._--- ----_.- --- ----

ro n> o..::s o 0..

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13

Senator Outside Employment, Outside Positions (non voluntary) Profession, or Business

Mahovlich, - Public appearances - President of Big "M" Promotions -Frank W. through Big "Mil Ltd., involved in promotional

Promotions Ltd work with regards to hockey career. -

-

Maltais, - None - Administrateur et president de G. -Ghislain M. Consultants et Associes Inc.,

une societe dont les activites se rapportent a la prestation de services de conseils aux -entreprises mais qui nl est pas operationnelle presentement.

Manning, - None - None -Fabian

Marshall, - None - None -Elizabeth

-

-

Martin, - None - None -Yonah

-

--- -

Disposable Income

Deferred income with the -World Hockey Association, Pension from the National Hockey League, Investments with CLARICA (Sun Life Financial) and Manufacturers Life Insurance Co., composed of publicly traded securities. Un revenu du Regime de -pension des Membres de l' Assemblee nationale du Quebec; Un revenu du Regime des rentes du Quebec.

None -

Pension from the -Governrnent of -Newfoundland and Labrador; -Dividends from Fortis Inc., -Toromont Industries, Enerflex; and -Pension from the Newfoundland and Labrador House Assembly. Income from an overseas -contract as facilitator on leadership development; and Income from the sale of an

investment property. ___ L-_______

Assets

None

Un Regime enregistre dlepargne-retraite aupres de la Banque Royale du Canada, compose de

. certificats de depots a terme.

None

Shares of Fortis Inc., Shares ofToromont

Industries, Shares of Enerflex, Approximately 2 acres of

land at Tranquil Place; and Approximately 15 acres of

land at Topsail Pond Road.

None

14

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:i! ru (1) 0-cr.., en en ;::+ (1) ru

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Senator Outside Employment, Outside Positions (non voluntary) Profession, or Business

Massicotte, - Gestion 1 1) Les Equites Massicotte Inc. et ses -Paul J. Developpement filiales :

immobilier (temps - President et Secretaire de Les partiel). Equites Massicotte Inc., une

societe privee detenant des -placements et des investissements.

2) Groupe Attractions Hippiques:

- Fiduciaire de la Fiducie Fer a Cheval d'Or (inactive); -

- Fiduciaire de la Fiducie Fer a Cheval Argente (inactive);

- President, Secretaire et Tresorier -d' A. H. Royale Inc., une societe privee avec inten'!ts dans les 4 hippodromes du Quebec (faillite -27/01110);

- President, Secretaire et Tresorier d' Attractions Hippiques Quebec -(Gestion) Inc., une societe prive avec interets dans l'achat et Ie developpement des hippodromes du Quebec (faillite 27/01110);

- President, Secretaire et Tresorier d' Attractions Hippiques (Mtl) Inc., commandite d' Attractions Hippiques (Montreal) S.E.C. (faillite 27/01110);

- President, Secretaire et Tresorier d' Attractions Hippiques (Que) Inc., commandite d' Attractions Hippiques (Quebec) S.E.C. (faillite 27/01110);

- President, Secretaire et Tresorier d' Attractions Hippiques (T.R.) Inc., commandite d' Attractions

~

Disposable Income

profits sur placements et -activites de la societe Les Equites Massicotte Inc. et ses filiales; -placements et investissements dans des compagnies publiques, incluant principalement dans les indices boursiers detenus via CIBC Wood Gundy; -investissements d'actifs passifs de 7211406 Canada Inc.; placements et -investissements de Massicap Inc.; et developpement immobilier -de Carre Notre-Dame Phase 1 Inc.

-

-

-

Assets

actifs et autres placements prives de Les Equites Massicotte Inc. (et filiales); investissements dans des compagnies publiques; incluant principalement dans les indices boursiers detenu personnellement (CIBC Wood Gundy), et via Mont-St-Hilaire Trust etlou Les Equites Massicotte Inc. (et ses filiales) etlou Massicap Inc.; investissement d'actifs passifs de 7211406 Canada Inc.; placements, investissements et developpement immobilier de Massicap Inc.; developpement immobilier de Carre Notre-Dame Phase 1 Inc.; investissements avec conjointe pour financer ses activites comme detaillant de vetements pour dames; et organisation pour investissement regional de FIERLaval.

15

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Senator Outside Employment, Outside Positions (non voluntary) Profession, or Business

Hippiques (Trois-Rivieres) S.E.C. (faillite 27/01110);

- President, Secretaire et Tresorier d' Attractions Hippiques (Ayl) Inc., commandite d' Attractions Hippiques (Aylmer) S.E.C (faillite 27/01110);

- President et Secretaire de 9166-2700 Quebec Inc., une compagnie utilisee pour fin d'achat de terrain (inactive);

- President et Secretaire de 9166-2759 Quebec Inc., une compagnie utilisee pour fin d'achat de terrain (inactive);

- President et Secretaire de 9176-3755 Quebec Inc., une compagnie utili see pour fin d'achat de terrain (inactive);

- President et secretaire de 9166-4084 Quebec Inc., une compagnie utilisee pour fin d'achat de terrain (inactive);

- President et Secretaire de Les immeubles A. H. (Couronne Nord) Inc., une compagnie utili see pour fin d'achat de terrain (inactive);

- President et Secretaire de Les immeubles A. H. (Trois-Rivieres) Inc., une compagnie utilisee pour fin d'achat de terrain de Trois-Rivieres (faillite);

- President et Secretaire de Les immeubles A. H. (Aylmer) Inc., une compagnie utilisee pour fin d'achat de terrain d' Aylmer (faillite);

Disposable Income Assets

16

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Senator Outside Employment, Outside Positions (non voluntary) Profession, or Business

- President et Secretaire de Les immeubles A. H. (St-Basile) Inc., une compagnie utili see pour fin d'achat de terrain (inactive).

3) Attractions MASI ULC (societes inactive s):

- President du conseil d' Attractions MASI ULC, operateur de restaurant et President et Secretaire de 6796699 Canada Inc., une associee d' Attractions MASIULC.

4) Propriete Sommet Prestige:

- President, Secretaire et Tresorier de Propriete Sommet Prestige Inc., une societe privee dans les developpements immobiliers.

5) 7211406 Canada Inc. :

- President et Secretaire de 7211406 Canada Inc., une societe privee d'investissements d' actifs passifs.

6) Groupe Alexis Nihon (societes inactives):

President d' A. N. Canada Inc., une societe privee de portefeuille j

President d' A. N. Commerce Inc., une societe privee dans l'immobilier commercial j President de 054936 N.B. Inc., une societe privee dans l'exploitation immobi!i(:re et dans

Disposable Income Assets

17

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Senator Outside Employment, Outside Positions (non voluntary) Profession, or Business

I'investissement j President d' A. N. (J. Dubreuil) Inc., une societe privee de portefeuille President de 513524 N.B. Inc., une societe privee dans Ie domaine immobilier j President de Societe de Capital Alexis Nihon Inc., une societe privee de portefeuille j

- President et non membre du conseil d'administration de Place A. N. Inc., une societe privee d'Investissements; President de 513273 N.B. Inc., une societe privee d'investissements j

Membre du conseil d'administration de la Societe de Portefeuille Alexis Nihon Inc. j

Membre du conseil d'administration d' Alexis Nihon Corporation, une societe privee dans Ie domaine immobilier

- Membre du conseil d'administration de Services Professionnels de Gestion Alexis Nihon Inc., une societe privee de services immobilier j

- Membre du conseil d'administration d' Alexis Nihon National Inc., une societe privee de portefeuille, une societe privee de portefeuille j

- Membre du conseil d'administration de Gestion Alexis Nihon Inc., une societe

L-_____ privee de portefeuille j

Disposable Income Assets

18

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Senator Outside Employment, Outside Positions (non voluntary) Profession, or Business

Membre du conseil d'administration d' Alexis Nihon International Inc., une societe privee de portefeuille i Membre du conseil d'administration d' Alexis Nihon Inc., une societe privee de portefeuille j

- President de Services Financiers Alexis Nihon Inc., une societe privee d'Investissements;

- Membre du conseil d'administration de Construction Alexis Nihon Inc., societe privee dans Ie domaine de la construction immobiliere i et

- Membre du conseil d'administration de Les Developpements Alexis Nihon Limitee,

- societe privee dans la promotion immobiliere.

7) Massicap Inc. :

- President, Secretaire et Tresorier de Massicap Inc., une societe de portefeuille et d'investissements.

8) Carre Notre-Dame Phase I Inc. (et son S.E.c.):

- President et Secretaire de Carre Notre-Dame Phase 1 Inc., une compagnie de developpements immobiliers.

9) Fonds de Placement MC S.E.C. (inactif):

L -_._.-

Disposable Income Assets

19

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Senator Outside Employment, Outside Positions (non voluntary) Profession, or Business

- President Secretaire de Fonds de Placement MC S.E.C., une societe de portefeuille et d'investissements, incluant 6675816 Canada Inc.

10) 2717018 Canada (societe inactive):

- President, Secretaire et Tresorier de 2717018 Canada Inc., une societe de portefeuille et d'investissement.

11) 6951520 Canada (societe inactive):

- President, Secretaire et Tresorier de 6951520 Canada Inc., une societe pour achat de terrains.

12) 6860826 Canada (societe inactive) :

- President et Secretaire de 6860826 Canada Inc., une societe pour achat de terrains.

McCoy, - Business as owner of - Director and President of the

Elaine Macleod Institute Macleod Institute Inc., a private

Inc., a private corporation with activities in

corporation with program evaluations,

activities in program environmental management and

evaluations, performance benchmarking.

environmental management and performance benchmarking.

Disposable Income

- Pension from the Pension -Plan of the Alberta Legislative Assembly;

- Director's fees from Climate Change Central;

- Salary from the Macleod -Institute Inc.; and

- Pension from the Canada Pension Plan.

Assets

Registered Retirement Savings Plans with Scotia iTrade, composed of publicly traded securities of corporations; and Shares of Macleod

Institute Inc.

20

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...... -CD -'< m -:y ..... _. CD

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Senator Outside Employment, Outside Positions (non voluntary) Profession, or Business

Mclntrye, - None - None -Paul E.

Mercer, - None - None -TerryM.

Merchant, - None - Officer and Member ofthe Board -Pana of Directors of 101129950

Saskatchewan Ltd., a private company that owns a condominium project.

Meredith, - Landscaping services - President of Donscape Landscape -Don through Donscape Services Inc., a corporation which

Landscape Services provides landscaping services.

Inc.

Mitchell, - None - None -Grant

-

- -_ .. _- ------- --- _L----

Disposable Income

Pension du Regime de pensions du Canada

None

Various investments and loans, Canada Pension Plan and shares of 101129950 Saskatchewan Ltd.

A business income from Donscape Landscape Services Inc.

Alberta Legislature pension; and Proceeds from the sale of investment business with CIBC Wood Gundy.

-------

Assets

- - Regime enregistre i

d'epargne-retraite aupn~s de la Banque Royale du Canada, compose d'unites de fonds communs de I

placement.

- None

- Shares of 101129950 Saskatchewan Ltd., 606215 Saskatchewan Ltd., Merchant Law Professional I

Corporation, Canada Rent-a-Heater (Regina), 34 Kleisinger Cres. (Regina),

I Merchant W orId Services Inc., Heart Force Medical and various other shares on the stock market.

- A Registered Retirement Savings Plan with Investors Group composed of units of mutual funds;

- A Registered Retirement Savings Plan with TD Canada Trust composed of units of mutual funds; and

- Shares of Dons cape , Landscape Services Inc

- RRSP and non RRSP investment accounts with CIBC Wood Gundy, composed of publicly traded securities, and a limited partnership fund.

------- --- ---

21

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Senator Outside Employment, Outside Positions (non voluntary) Profession, or Business

Mockler, - None - None -Percy

Moore, - None - Director and Officer of -Wilfred P. Freebooter Trading Ltd., an

investment corporation; - Director and Officer of

McLaughlin Holdings Ltd., an investment corporation;

- Director and Officer of Tiller Holdings Ltd., an investment corporation;

- Officer of Helm Holdings Ltd., an investment corporation;

- Officer of Adams and Knickle Ltd., a corporation with activities in the fishing sector;

- Director and Officer of Gusto Resources Ltd., an inactive corporation;

- Partner with Giant Meguma Holdings, an inactive partnership;

- Director and Officer of Seabed Resources Ltd., an inactive corporation; and

- Director and Officer of Emocean Spa Inc., a corporation that is a wellness living centre.

Munson,Jim - None - None -

Nancy Ruth - None - Director and President of 443472 -Ontario Ltd., a personal holding corporation. -

Neufeld, - None - None -Richard

-

Disposable Income

None -

Pension from the Canada -Pension Plan

-

--

-

Pension from the Canada -Pension Plan An income from the HRJ -Trust Fund number 3; and A pension from the

Canada Pension Plan. Pension from the -Government of British Columbia; and Pension from the Government of Canada. L_

Assets

None

Shares of Freebooter Trading Ltd.; Shares of Gusto Resources Ltd., Interest in partnership with Giant Meguma Holdings; Shares of Seabed Resources Ltd.; and Registered Retirement Savings Plans with several financial institutions and an investment account with CIBC Wood Gundy, composed of units of various mutual funds and publicly traded securities of corporations.

None

Shares of 443472 Ontario Ltd.

None

22

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Senator Outside Employment, Outside Positions (non voluntary) Profession, or Business

Ngo, Thanh - None - None -Hai

Nolin, Pierre - Avocat-conseil it - None -Claude mon compte

Ogilvie, - None - None -Kelvin, Kenneth

-

Oliver, - Businesses under a - President and Board Member of -Donald H. corporate structure, Glen Moir Holdings Limited, a

involving exporting corporation with activities in real

Christmas trees and estate;

sea products, as well - President and Board Member of -as real estate Dolin Fisheries Limited, a

developments and corporation with activities in

storage systems. fisheries; - President and Board Member of -

Pleasant River Farms Limited, a corporation with activities in farming;

- Director of Mersey Point Fish -Products Inc., a corporation with activities in fisheries;

- Director of Premiere Self Storage, a corporation with activities in -storage systems;

- Member of the Advisory Board -of Atlantic Signature and Loan Co., a corporation specializing in mortgages for residential and commercial real estate -

- Chairman of the Board and a

Disposable Income

A pension from the -Ontario Teacher's Federation

Honoraires en tant -qu'avocat-conseil it mon compte. Pension managed by -Jarislowski Fraser and investments with the RBC; Pension from the Canada -Pension Plan.

-

Dividends and interest -from a portfolio of investments with BMO -Nesbitt Burns; Dividends and interest -from a portfolio of investments with CIBC -Wood Gundy; Dividends and interest -from a portfolio of investments with TD -Waterhouse; Dividends and interest -from a portfolio of investments with the Bank -of Nova Scotia Securities; -Income from various real estate holdings; -Dividends and interest from various whole life insurance policies with London Life and Sun Life; Business income/dividends from Pleasant River Farms -

Assets I

A Registered Retirement Savings Plan with the Bank of Nova Scotia

None

Investment accounts with RBC composed of publicly traded securities. Shares ofTerragon Environmental Technologies Inc. Land, Scotts Bay Road, Kings County, Nova Scotia

Shares of Dolin Fisheries Limited; Shares of Pleasant River

Farms Limited; Shares of Mersey Point

Fish Products Inc.; Shares of Premiere Shelf Storage; Shares of Crane Vista

Investments; Shares ofVeridien

Corporation Inc.; Shares of Silica Investments Inc.; Real estate holdings; An interest in Bridgewater Farmers Co-op; A portfolio of investments with BMO Nesbitt Burns, composed of publicly traded securities of corporations, bonds and debentures; A portfolio of investments

-

23

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Senator Outside Employment, Outside Positions (non voluntary) Disposable Income Profession, or Business

Director, Shareholder & Limited; Debenture - Business income/dividends

- Holder of Silica Investments Inc., from Dolin Fisheries Edmonton, Alberta Limited;

- Director's fees from Atlantic Signature -Mortgage and Loan Co.;

- Pension from the Canada Pension Plan.

-

-

-

Assets

with CIBC Wood Gundy, composed of publicly traded securities of corporations, bonds and debentures; A portfolio of investments

with TD Waterhouse, composed of publicly traded securities of corporations, bonds and debentures; A portfolio of investments with the Bank of Nova Scotia Securities, composed of publicly traded securities of corporations, bonds and debentures; and - Whole Life insurance policies with London Life and Sun Life;

24

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Senator Outside Employment, Outside Positions (non voluntary) Disposable Income Assets Profession, or Business »

:;:,

Patterson, - None - Member of the Board of Directors - Director's fees from - Two immovable properties;

Dennis Glen of Northern Property Real Estate Northern Property Real - Publicly traded securities Investment Trust, a publicly Estate Investment Trust; of corporations;

:;:, CD >< c..v

traded Canadian Income Trust; - Director's fees from - Shares of Northern and Nunatta Environmental Property Real Estate

- Member of the Board of Services Inc.; Investment Trust; Directors ofNunatta - Dividends from publicly - Shares ofNunatta Environmental Services Inc., a traded securities of Environmental Services private environmental corporations; Inc. remediation company in Iqaluit, - Pension from the Nunavut. Northwest Territories

Legislative Assembly; - Pension from the Canada

CD n;l 3 0" "0 --CD 0 '< 0 3 .......

CD :;:, () ....... c 0...., CD .., () CD -:;:, Q) .......

Pension Plan; - A widower's

superannuation; and

.., CD Q) 0..:;:, 0 0..

1.0 ::J

- Rental income from immovable properties.

Plett, Don - Business in real - Director of Landmark Holdings - None - Shares of Landmark

estate and land Ltd., a land and building private Holdings Ltd.

development under holding corporation; and

corporate structure. - Director of Bald Enterprises Ltd., a land development private company which is presently inoperative.

Poirier, - None - None - None - None

Rose-Marie

I-' (f)CD CD () :;:, CD Q) :;:, .............. CD _

'< m g..., _. CD () ~ (f) CD 00.. ::B () (f) CD CD ..,

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25

Senator Outside Employment, Outside Positions (non voluntary) Profession, or Business

Raine, Nancy - Endorsements and - President and Member of the -Greene promotional Board of Directors ofNGR -

contracts through Resort Consultants Inc. and NGR -NGRResort Promotions Inc., private

Consultants Ltd. and corporations managing the

NGR Promotions interests of "Nancy Greene", -Inc., including public including endorsements of Sun

speaking Peaks Mountain Resort, B.C.; and

engagements - President and Member of the -Board of Directors of Cahilty Food and Beverage Ltd., a company that rents space to the restaurant owner at Sun Peaks Resort, BC.

Ringuette, - None - None -Pierrette

Rivard, - None - None -Michel

Rivest, Jean- - None - None -Claude

Robichaud, - None - None -Fernand

--------

Disposable Income

Old Age Security; -Canadian Pension Plan; Interest and investment income from NGR Resort -Consultants Inc.; Rental income from -Cahilty Food & Beverage Company Ltd.; and -Business income from NGR Promotions Inc.

Un revenu pOl.!f la location -d'un appartement dans la residence familiale. Un revenu de retraite verse -par la Commission administrative des regimes de retraite et d'assurances.

Un revenu proven ant du -Regime de pension des membres de I' Assemblee nationale du Quebec. Un revenu provenant du -Regime de pension du Canada

Assets

RRSP composed of publicly traded securities with RBC Direct; Shares of NGR Resort Consultants Inc.; Shares ofCahilty Food & Beverage Company Ltd.; Shares ofNGR Promotions Inc.

None

Un compte de placement aupn:s de la Banque Royale du Canada, Etema et Placements Toronto Dominion, composes de valeurs cotees en bourse de societes.

Un Regime enregistre d'epargne-retraite.

None

26

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CD ::J () ..... c 0....., CD CD () ::J OJ ..... ..., CD OJ o..::J

o 0.. ~ ::J N (f)..., CD CD ::J () OJ CD ..... ::J CD :::!:

'< m ..... ::J'"..., -. CD () Z. (f) ...,

O~ ::B () (f) CD CD ..., ::J

:E OJ CD 0-cr..., (f) (f) ;::+

CD OJ ::J 0..

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0.: CD

Senator Outside Employment, Outside Positions (non voluntary) Profession, or Business

Runciman, - None - None -Robert

Segal, Hugh - Senior Advisor, Aird - Member of the Board of Directors -& Berlis L.L.P. (Law of Just Energy, a publicly traded

Firm in Toronto); Canadian Company, mid-market -- Senior Fellow, marketer of gas and electricity,

Queen's School of based in Toronto, operating in 6

Policy Studies; Canadian provinces and various

- Adjunct Professor, US States, TSX and NYSE listed; -Queen's School of - Member of the Board of Directors

Business of Hudson Energy U.K., a publicly traded Canadian -Company, a specialized commercial supply division of -Just Energy Group (NYSE:JE, TSX:JE), a leading energy retailer -and supplier of green energy in North' America;

- Member of the Board of Directors ofHOLCIM (Canada) Inc., a manufacturer of cement and related products based in Ontario;

- Member of the Board of Directors of Sunlife Financial, an insurance and investment management firm operating in Canada, US, Indonesia, UK, China, India and Japan;

- Chair and Member of the Board of Directors of 1766021 Ontario Ltd., a company operating as Limestone Human Capital which consolidates prior inactive family

----holdillgcompanies and recei",es

Disposable Income

A pension from the Canada Pension Plan

Contract fees from Queen's University; Directors' fees from Hokim Canada, Just Energy and Sunlife Financial. Income in excess of$2,000 from SNC Lavalin Group Inc. Contract fees from Aird & Berlis L.L.P.; Director's fees from Hudson Energy UK; and Dividends from Ontario 1766021.

-- - ~---L-

Assets

- A self-directed Registered Retirement Savings Plan with RBC Dominion Securities, composed of publicly traded securities of corporations

- Publicly traded securities in Berkshire Hathaway B, Gluskin Sheff & Associates, Hokim LTD -Reg SHS CHE Z, I SHRS EQ WGT Bane RTE, Potash Corp of Saskatchewan, SNC Lavalin Corp., Sunlife Financial, Top 20 Dividend TN, Top 20 US Dividend -ATV, and MIT Invest TRSINH FRAC.

----- ---------

27

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~ rul "00-o CD '< 3 0 CD -+> ::J ....... (")

o.C CD ~ (") CD -::J ru ...... CD o.ru o ::J ::J 0.

~CD ::J (") ru CD .......::J CD ....... m-< ....... ::J""" _. CD (") ....... (f) -.

""" O~ ::B (") (f) CD CD """ ::J ~ ~ CD 0 ~(h roru

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Senator Outside Employment, Outside Positions (non voluntary) Profession, or Business

itinerant income from guest lectures and other income sources from above mentioned organizations;

- Advisory Board Member (pro-bono) of Wellington Financial LP, a privately held bridge financing and venture debt fund, based in Toronto.

Seidman, - None - President and Secretary of -Judith G. Consultants Miettinen and

Seidman Inc., a consulting company in health applied research.

Seth, Asha - Self-employed - None -medical practitioner.

----

Sibbeston, - Business in real - Director and Officer of Ehmbee -NickG. estate under a Ltd., a private corporation with

corporate structure. activities in real estate. -

-

Smith, David - Chairman Emeritus - None -P. and Counsel to the -

firm of Fraser Milner Casgrain LLP, Toronto, ON. -

Disposable Income

Dividends and interest of -an investment portfolio with Scotia MacLeod -

Income from the practice -of medicine; Rental income; Dividends; -Interest; and -Pension from the Canada -Pension Plan

Business income from -Ehmbee Ltd.; -Pension from the Canada Pension Plan; and Pension from the Northwest Territories Legislative Assembly Retirement Pension Plan. Canada Pension Plan; -Pension and consulting fees from Fraser Milner Cas grain LLP; and Income, dividends and interest of several publicly traded securities.

Assets

Land located in Saint-Raphael, QC Investment portfolio composed of publicly traded securities managed by Scotia MacLeod.

Registered Retirement Income Fund with the Bank of Nova Scotia; Immovable properties; Bonds; and Publicly traded securities of corporations.

Shares of Ehmbee Ltd.; Immovable properties in Fort Simpson and Yellow knife.

RRSP and non RRSP I investment accounts with Nesbitt Bums composed of publicly traded securities of corporations, bonds, notes, mutual funds, share.

28

» :::l :::l CD >< tv

CD o;i 3 0-l:l --CD o '< 0 3 -+0 CD :::l () ......c 0...., CD .., () CD -:::l 0.> ...... .., CD 0.> o..:::l o 0.. 1.0 :::l ~ (f).., CD CD :::l () 0.> CD ...... :::l CD ~

'< m ...... :::I'" _. CD () !:!: C/l ..,

O~ ~ () C/l CD CD .., :::l

:::E 0.> CD 8" 0-.., C/l C/l ;:+ CD 0.>

:::l 0..

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Senator Outside Employment, Outside Positions (non voluntary) Profession, or Business

Smith, Larry - Public speaking and - President and Member of the -w. consulting, P. M. P. Board of Directors ofP.M.P.

Performance Performance Consulting Group

Consulting Group Inc., a corporation with activities

Inc.; and in public speaking and consulting; -- Co-owner, and

Westmount Moving - Member of the Board of Directors

& Warehousing ofWestmount Moving and

Canada Inc. Warehousing Canada Inc., a local, long distance, international and commercial mover.

Stewart - None - None -Olsen, Carolyn

Stratton, - None - None -Terry

Tardif, - None - None -Claudette

Tkachuk, - None - Member of the Board of Directors -David of C ali an Technology Ltd., a

company which provides technical and engineering services specializing in defence and aerospace.

Disposable Income

Public speaking and -consulting activities, P.M.P. Performance Consulting Group Inc., and -Dividends from Westmount Moving and Warehousing Canada Inc.

A pension under the Public -Service Superannuation Plan

Investments in the stock -market

Une prestation de retraite -du Regime de retraite de l'Universite de l'Alberta.

-

Directors' fees from Calian -Technology Ltd. and Cline Mining Corporation.

Assets

Retirement portfolios with CIBC World Markets and with Manulife; Shares of West mount Moving and Warehousing Canada Inc. and shares of P.M.P. Performance Consulting Group Inc.

TFSA and RRSP comprised of bonds, mutual funds and stocks with Dundee Securities, Bank of Nova Scotia

Assets in the stock market and real estate (commercial)

Un Regime enregistre d'epargne-retraite aupres d'Investors Group, compose d'unites de fonds communs de placement.

RRSP, RRIF and TFSA with BMO Nesbit Bums, all composed of publicly traded securities, and stock options of Cline Mining Corporation and Calian Technology Inc.

29

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o 0.. 1.0 :::J U1 (f)-, CD CD :::J () III CD ,.......:::J CD !::!:

'< m ....... ::y-, _. CD () !=. (J) ro 00.. ~ () (J) CD CD -, :::J

~ ~ CD 0 g~ ;::;: CD III

:::J 0..

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0.: CD

Senator Outside Employment, Outside Positions (non voluntary) Disposable Income Profession, or Business

Unger, Betty - None - None - An income from a Registered Retirement Income Fund with RBC Dominion Securities;

- Dividends and interest from a portfolio of investments with RBC Dominion Securities;

- A pension from the Canada Pension Plan;

- A pension from the Old Age Security Program.

Verner, ~()see - None - None - None ------

Assets

- A diversified Registered Retirement Income Fund with RBC Dominion Securities;

- A Registered Retirement Savings Plan with Great West, composed of units of segregated funds and real estate;

- A Registered Education Savings Plan with RBC Dominion Securities;

- A Tax Free Savings Account with RBC Dominion Securities;

- Gold certificates and physical gold with the Royal Bank of Canada; and

- A diversified portfolio of investments with RBC Dominion Securities composed of stocks and fixed term assets.

- None

30

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Senator Outside Employment, Outside Positions (non voluntary) Disposable Income Assets Profession, or Business »

:::l

Wallace, - None - Director and Officer of Glen Park - Dividends from Glen Park - Shares of Glen Park

John Douglas Limited, an inactive company. Limited. Limited; - Publicly traded securities

:::l CD >< 0J

of Toronto-Dominion Bank and Apple Inc.;

- A Registered Retirement Savings Plan with RBC Dominion Securities Inc., composed of publicly traded securities of corporations, units of mutual funds and corporate

- bonds; - A Locked-in Retirement

Account with RBC Dominion Securities Inc.,

CD o;l 3 cr "0 --CD 0 '< 0 3 _

CD :::l (") ...... c 0.-, CD -, (") CD -:::l (l) ...... -, CD (l) o.:::l o 0.

"" :::l composed of publicly traded securities of corporations, units of mutual funds and corporate bonds;

'-.l (J)-' CD CD :::l (") (l) CD ...... :::l CD !::!:

'< m - An investment account

with RBC Dominion Securities Inc., composed of publicly traded securities of corporations;

- A whole life insurance policy with London Life Assurance Company; and

- A whole life insurance

...... ::J-, -. CD (") !:::!": C/l CD 00. ::J:l (") C/l CD CD -, :::l ::E: (l)

CD 8" cr-, C/l C/l

policy with Manulife Canada Ltd.

;::;.: CD (l)

:::l

Wallin, - None - Member of the Board of Directors - Directors' fees from Porter - Publicly traded securities

Pamela of Porter Airlines Inc., a Airlines Inc. and Gluskin inside investment Canadian airline company; and Sheff & Associates Inc.; portfolios managed by

- Member of the Board of Directors and LDIC. of Gluskin Sheff & Associates - Honorarium from Ideas

0.

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31

Senator Outside Employment, Outside Positions (non voluntary) Profession, or Business

Watt, - None - None

Charlie

White, - Part-time professor - Director of S.S.M. White

Vernon at the Charles Stuart Consulting, a private corporation

University; and which provides consulting

- Business under a services on policing, criminology

corporate structure, and criminal justice matters, as

providing strategic well as teaching and lecturing on

advice to companies leadership in policing; and

engaged in policing - Member of the Board of

and security practice, Directors ofnTerop, a private

including teaching corporation which designs and

and lecturing on develops software for the law

crime, criminology, enforcement sector.

law, justice, policing and leadership.

Zimmer, Rod - None - President of Gatehouse

A.A. Corporation, an inactive corporation;

- President of Gatehouse Development Company Ltd., an inactive corporation.

Disposable Income

- None -

- Income from the Charles -Stuart University as a part-time professor;

- Pension from the Pension Plan of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police;

- Pension from the Ontario Municipal Employees Retirement System; and

- Business income from S.S.M. White Consulting.

- None -

Assets

None

Shares of S.S.M. White Consulting

None

32

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'< m ...... ::r..., _. CD () !:!'". (fl CD 00. 31 () (fl CD CD ..., ::J ~ OJ CD 0-g(j3 ;:::t: CD OJ

::J 0.

o C ...... (fl

a: CD

99

Avis d'expert sur les effets possibles du projet de loi C-7

Loi concernant la selection des senateurs et modifiant la Loi constitutionnelle de 1867

relativement it fa limitation de fa duree du mandat des senateurs

TRADUCTION

Christopher P. Manfredi, Ph.D

Doyen, Faculte des arts

Professeur, Departement de sciences politiques, Universite McGill

Juin 2013

100

BIOGRAPHIE

1. Christopher Manfredi est professeur en sciences politiques et doyen de la Faculte

des arts a l'Universite McGill. II est titulaire d'un baccalaureat et d'une maitrise en arts

de l'Universite de Calgary, et egalement d'une mai'trise et d'un doctorat de la Claremont

Graduate University de Californie. M. Manfredi est un expert quant au role du systeme

judiciaire dans les societes democratiques, principalement au Canada et aux Etats-Unis.

Ses recherches mettent l'accent sur les institutions politiques, la dynamique des

modifications constitutionnelles et les incidences sur I' elaboration des politiques des

litiges portant sur les droits fondamentaux.

2. M. Manfredi est l'auteur de plusieurs ouvrages, notamment Contested

Constitutionalism: Reflections on the Charter of Rights and Freedoms (coediteur avec

James Kelly, 2009), Judging Democracy (co auteur avec Mark Rush, 2008), Feminist

Activism in the Supreme Court: Legal Mobilization and the Women's Legal Education

and Action Fund (2004) et Judicial Power and the Charter: Canada and the Paradox of

Liberal Constitutionalism (2d ed., 2001). Son ouvrage Feminist Activism in the Supreme

Court a re<;:u Ie prix annuel du meilleur livre de l' Association canadienne Droit et

Societe et a figure sur Ia liste restreinte du Donner Book Prize. Il est egalement

l'auteur de plus de 65 articles, chapitres, rapports et d'etudes.

3. M. Manfredi est titulaire de subventions de recherche du Conseil de recherches en

sciences humaines du Canada, des Instituts de recherche en sante du Canada, de la

Fondation canadienne Donner et de la Fondation Max Bell. II est egalement un

commentateur juridique et politique tres respecte. De 2008 a 2013, il a ete membre du

conseil d'administration du Conseil de recherches en sciences humaines du Canada. En

2010, il a fait partie du comite special charge de conseiller Ie premier ministre

re1ativement a la nomination du gouverneur general.

1

101

MANDAT

4. On m'a demande de preparer un aVIS d'expert au sujet du renvoi que Ie

Gouverneur en conseil a depose Ie 1 fevrier 2013 devant la Cour supreme du Canada,

relativement a l'autorite du Parlement de reformer Ie Senat.

5. Dans Ie present avis, je vais examiner si Ie projet de loi C-7, representant la plus

recente proposition du gouvernement federal de reformer Ie Senat, entrainera

d'importants effets sur les aspects fondamentaux ou les caracteristiques essentielles du

Senat en touchant l'independance des senateurs, Ie role de representation des senateurs ou

la fonction d'examen du Senat. 1'examinerai si un processus d'eIection modifiera la

representation regionale du Senat et/ou si un tel processus diminuera la capacite du Senat

a representer des minorites ou d'autres groupes politiquement sous-representes comrne

les femmes, les franco phones hors Quebec et les peuples des Premieres nations.

1'examinerai egalement si l'etablissement d'un mandat fixe non renouvelable a une

incidence sur l'independance, la continuite et la vision a long terme dont a besoin Ie

Senat pour remplir sa fonction d'examen des lois.

2

102

SOMMAIRE

6. La fonction essentielle du Senat est de suppleer a la garantie juridique

d' autonomie accordee aux provinces par la Loi constitutionnelle de 1867 par Ie biais

d'une institution politique nationale dont la base de representation est l'egalite des entites

infranationales et dont l' objet est de proteger leurs inten~ts par une action ind6pendante.

A mon avis, Ie projet de loi C-7 ne diminue pas la fonction essentielle de representation

regionale du Senat puisqu'il n'a pas d'effet sur la repartition des sieges entre les divisions

ou les provinces. Je suis egalement d'avis que la representation de minorites ou d'autres

groupes politiquement sous-representes ne fait pas partie de la fonction initiale du Senat

ou de sa realite actuelle et que Ie projet de loi C-7, queUe que puisse en etre l'incidence

sur ce type de representation, n'aura aucune repercussion sur les elements fondamentaux

ou les caracteristiques essentielles du Senat. Par ailleurs, selon des donnees empiriques,

Ie mode de selection pour la nomination des senateurs n'a pas mieux reussi a atteindre cet

objectif que Ie principe de l'election qui s'applique ala Chambre des communes. Enfin,

sur Ie fondement d'une analyse empirique des etats de service au Senat et a la Chambre et

de la duree habituelle des Pariements, je suis d'avis que l'etablissement d'un mandat non

renouvelable fixe de neuf ans ne portera pas atteinte a l'independance, ala continuite et a

la VISIOn a long terme que Ie Senat apporte au processus legislatif.

3

103

AVIS D'EXPERT

7. Le projet de loi C-7 propose de rMonner Ie Senat de deux favons: (1) en

etablissant un cadre d'election, adopte par les provinces et territoires, a leur discretion,

visant a etablir une liste de candidats senatoriaux que Ie premier ministre serait tenu, lors

de la recommandation de candidats senatoriaux au gouverneur general, de prendre en

compte; et (2) en modifiant Ie par. 29 (2) de la Loi constitutionnelle de 1867 en vue de

limiter la duree du mandat des senateurs a un seul mandat de neuf ans. Dans Ie present

avis, je ne pose pas de jugement nonnatif quant au caractere souhaitable de telles

rMonnes, une question qui devrait plutot faire l'objet de debats parlementaires. Je ne

donne pas non plus un avis juridique sur l'application eventuelle de la procedure de

modification de la Constitution aux rMonnes proposees dans Ie projet de loi C-7. C'est

sans doute la question que Ie tribunal tranchera sur Ie fondement des plaidoiries et de la

preuve, notamment des avis d'experts, qui lui seront presentees1. Mon avis se limite a

l'examen des effets combines qu'une limitation de la duree du mandat des senateurs et un

processus d'election en vue d'une nomination au Senat auront sur l'independance des

senateurs, leur role de representation, la fonction d'examen exercee par Ie Senat, la

representation regionale du Senat et la capacite de ce dernier a representer des groupes

comme les femmes, les peuples des Premieres nations et les francophones hors Quebec.

8. Mon avis comporte deux parties distinctes, chacune d'entre elles repond dans une

certaine mesure aux avis d' experts preparees au nom du gouvernement du Quebec et

autres. Dans la Partie I, j'examine queUe est l'incidence de l'etablissement d'un

processus d'election dans la procedure de nomination des senateurs sur la fonction

1. Je donne une opinion politique, fondee sur rna comprehension du besoin d'independance, de continuite et de vision a long terme du Senat -relativement a l'argument du gouvernement portant que la modification prop osee au par. 29(2) de la Loi constitutionnelle de 1867 peut etre apportee aux termes de l'article 44 de la Loi constitutionnelle de 1982.

4

104

representative du Senat et l'independance des senateurs. J'examine egalement de plus

pres la seule experience canadienne avec une dimension elective aux nominations

senatoriales - I' Alberta - pour une idee empirique de la nature de ces elections, les

candidats qu'elles attirees, et les caracteristiques des senateurs ultimement nommes sur la

base de ce processus. Bien que l'experience soit limitee, rien qui s'y trouve ne suggere

que Ie processus electif a produit des senateurs significativement differents du processus

purement nominatif qui prevaut dans d'autres provinces. J'y fais valoir qu'il n'y a rien

d'explicite dans Ie projet de loi C-7 qui aurait pour effet de changer les caracteristiques

ou aspects fondamentaux du Senat a cet egard. Le projet de loi C-7 ne diminue pas la

capacite des senateurs a exercer leurs fonctions sans craindre que leur action mette en

peril leur carriere de senateurs. Le projet de loi C-7 ne diminue pas non plus la fonction

essentielle de representation regionale du Senat. A cet egard, j' examine aussi Ie role de

representation du Senat pour ce qui est des minorites ou d'autres groupes politiquement

sous-representes. Je soutiens (1) que cela ne fait pas partie de la fonction initiale du

Senat; et (2) que les donnees empiriques donnent a croire que, meme si l'on considere

cela comme une fonction fondamentale ou une caracteristique essentielle du Senat

contemporain, Ie mode de selection des senateurs n' a pas vraiment mieux reussi a

atteindre cet objectif que Ie principe electif qui s'applique it la Chambre des Communes.

9. Dans la Partie 2 de mon avis, j'examine l'incidence de l'etablissement d'un

mandat fixe non renouvelable de neuf ans par Ie biais d'une modification

constitutionnelle en vertu de l'art. 44 de la Loi constitutionnelle de 1982. Je prete une

attention particuliere it l'incidence de ce changement sur l'independance, la continuite et

la vision a long terme que Ie Senat apporte au processus legislatif. Sur Ie fondement

d'une analyse empirique des etats de service au Senat et it la Chambre et de la duree

habituelle des legislatures, je conclus que ce changement ne touche en rien ces

caracteristiques et aspects essentiels du Senat. Je demontre egalement qu'il y a d'autres

experts qui enoncent cet avis, meme chez des experts qui sont par ailleurs sceptiques a

5

105

l'endroit du projet de loi C-7. En fait, comme je Ie demontrerai plus loin dans mon

rapport, l'un des experts engages par Ie gouvemement du Quebec -David Smith- a,

dans ses articles de doctrine, propose exactement ce que prevoit Ie projet de loi C-7 :

l'etablissement d'un mandat fixe non renouvelable par Ie biais de l'art. 44 de la Loi

constitutionnelle de 1982.

6

106

PARTIE 1 : ETABLISSEMENT D'UN ELEMENT ELECTORAL

10. La Partie 1 du projet de loi C-7 comprend deux dispositions. Premierement, elle

etablit Ie cadre du processus de selection des candidats senatoriaux - prevu it l'annexe

- dont l' element de est la selection des candidats senatoriaux des provinces ou des

terri to ires par voie d'une election. Deuxiemement, lorsqu'une province ou un territoire a

choisi de selectionner ses candidats senatoriaux conformement a ce cadre, Ie projet de

loi C-7 prevo it que Ie premier ministre « tient compte, lors de la recommandation de

candidats senatoriaux au gouverneur general, des personnes dont Ie nom figure sur la plus

recente liste des candidats senatoriaux choisis pour cette province ou ce territoire». Trois

objections principales ont ete formulees a l'egard du projet de loi C-7. Premierement,

cette reforme porte atteinte it l'independance du Senat. Deuxiemement, cette reforme

change Ie mode de selection des senateurs en transferant it l'electorat Ie pouvoir du

premier ministre. Troisiemement, cette reforme touche les· pouvoirs du Senat en

modifiant fondamentalement les caracteristiques essentielles de representation.

11. Ces objections constituent une partie importante des avis d'expert, rediges par

Heard, Smith et Cardinal. Heard soutient que les elections prevues dans Ie projet de loi C-

7 seraient de veritables elections directes et que Ie premier ministre et Ie gouverneur

general seraient en definitive tenus de nommer au Senat les gagnants des elections. II

affirme egalement que [TRADUCTION] « les pouvoirs du Senat sont inextricablement lies a

la methode de selection2• » C'est pourquoi, affirme-t-il, que la plupart des propositions de

reforme du processus de nomination ont ete accompagnees de propositions visant a

modifier les pouvoirs du Senat. Les objections de Smith reposent sur la comprehension

qu'il a de deux caracteristiques importantes du Senat : l'independance du Senat et Ie role

de ce dernier dans l'expression [TRADUCTION] «des voix qui n'ont pas ete entendues it la

Chambre des communes3. » Smith soutient que Ie projet de loi C-7 portera atteinte aces

2. Andrew Heard, Expert Opinion a/Bill C-7, octobre 2012, 18. 3. David E. Smith, Expert Opinion a/Bill C-7, decembre 2012, 6 - 14.

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aspects du fait qu'il [TRADUCTION] « rend partisan » Ie Senat et« presente un defi

particulier a 1'egard de la federation de cultures du Canada4. » Sur ce demier point, il

reprend Ie point de vue de Cardinal qui est d'avis qu'un processus d'election mettra en

perilla representation au Senat des francophones hors Quebec et des femmes5•

12. Dans cette partie de mon rapport, je presente une autre perspective conceptuelle et

empirique sur ces questions. En ce qui conceme Smith et Cardinal, je suis d'avis que

leurs objections reposent sur une comprehension £loue des concepts de 1'« independance

» et de la «representation ». Tout particulierement, ils se fondent sur une comprehension

idealisee du concept de la representation, qui n'est pas compatible avec l'interpretation

historique et la realite empirique de la representation au Senat6. Quant a Heard, la

poursuite parallele de reforme au mode de nomination et aux pouvoirs du Senat ne

permet pas de determiner si l'une entraine l'autre. Quoi qu'il en soit, si un changement du

mode de nomination modifie les pouvoirs du Senat -ou plus precisement, l' exercice des

pouvoirs que ce demier possede deja - un tel changement procederait d'une fayon qui

favorise les caracteristiques essentielles de representation regionale. En ce qui conceme

l' autre grand point avance par Heard: que I' election des candidats senatoriaux limiterait

indument les premiers ministres, je vais demontrer l'incertitude d'une telle conclusion sur

Ie fondement d'articles de doctrine de Smith.

4. Ibid., 19, 23. 5 . Linda Cardinal, Expert Opinion of Bill C-7, date incertaine, 12-30. 6. Je formulerais la me me critique a l'egard de l'argument de M. Hicks, voir Bruce M. Hicks, Expert Opinion of Bill C-7, octobre 2012, 5-6, 42-46, 79-80.

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Caractere repn?sentatif

l3. Afin d' evaluer I' incidence du projet de loi C-7 sur la fonction representative du

Senat, il est necessaire de tenir compte du lien entre Ie federalisme, Ie bicameralisme et la

representation. Les regimes federaux divisent la totalite des pouvoirs gouvemementaux

entre (habituellement) deux autorites autonomes, et foumissent, au moyen d'une

constitution ecrite, la garantie juridique de cette autonomie, particulierement aux entites

infranationales. Les structures federales emergent lorsque des entites politiques cherchent

a s'unir dans un contexte de diversite importante, surtout en ce qui a trait a la diversite de

langue, de culture, de religion, et d' institutions locales 7. En fait, la caracteristique

essentielle des systemes federaux est qu'ils « doivent reposer non seulement sur une

majorite gouvemante, mais aussi sur la reconnaissance et la tolerance de la diversite »8.

Ce qui etait certainement Ie cas pour Ie Canada, OU Ie federalisme est apparu comme une

solution de rechange a une union legislative a la suite d'un compromis politique entre les

partisans de l'union et ceux de la diversite9. En particulier, en raison de la presence d'une

vaste population catholique romaine de francophones concentree dans une region, il etait

pratiquement assure que Ie Canada allait s'unir sous Ie modele federal.

14. Les constitutions ecrites foumissent une garantie juridique essentielle

d'autonomie, mais dans les regimes federaux, Ie bicameralisme fait office de supplement

politique a cette garantie juridique. Comme Ronald Watts l'ecrit, Ie role principal du

bicameralisme dans les systemes federaux consiste a assurer la «representation des

interets des regions a l'echelon federal ou national »10, et on reconnalt clairement qu'il

7. Peter W. Hogg, Constitutional Law o/Canada, 3e edition (Toronto: Carswell, 1992), 102. 8. Ronald Watts, «Bicameralism in Federal Parliamentary Systems », dans S. Joyal, dir., Protecting Canadian Democracy: The Senate You Never Knew (Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2003), 69. 9. Hogg, Constitutional Law o/Canada, 3e edition, p. 107. 10. Watts, « Le bicameralisme dans les regimes parlementaires federaux », p. 75.

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s'agissait la du role que devait jouer Ie Senat a l'origine en tant que chambre haute du

Canada. Tel que l'ecrit Hogg, [TRADUCTION] «Ie Senat devait agir a titre de protecteur

des inten~ts regionaux, ce qui constitue une fonction traditionnelle pour la chambre haute

dans les systemes federaux »11. Cette opinion est largement partagee, comme on peut Ie

constater dans les ouvrages generaux sur Ie gouvemement canadien 12, ainsi que dans une

recente compilation d'ecrits sur des aspects varies de la politique canadienne13. La

principale fonction representative du Senat, par consequent, conceme les inten~~ts

regionaux et provinciaux. Comme l'a declare Alexander Galt durant la Conference de

Londres en 1866 [TRADUCTION], «Au conseil legislatif [plus tard Ie Senat], toutes les

provinces recherchent la protection qu'offre Ie principe federal »14.

15. La conception du Senat a poursuivi cet objectif au moyen d'une representation

fondee sur l'egalite regionale. 11 importe de citer David Smith sur ce sujet, puisque ses

ecrits universitaires offrent une vision plus etroite de la fonction representative du Senat a

l'origine que l'opinion qu'il a redigee aux fins des presentes :

[TRADUCTION]

.. .Ie Senat canadien a volontairement ete cree pour repondre aux

preoccupations entourant l'union de 1867 - en particuiier celles du

Quebec. Car si la representation par la population constituait Ie cri de

ralliement des Canadiens du Haut-Canada dans Ie processus menant a Ia

Confederation, et si une Chambre des communes fondee sur ce principe

peut etre pen;ue comme etant est la chambre de l'Ontario, alors Ie Senat,

11 . Hogg, Constitutional Law of Canada, 3e edition, p. 241. 12. Voir, par exemple, N. Ward, Dawson's Government of Canada, 6e edition (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1987), p. 154. 13 . Paul G. Thomas, « Parliament and Legislatures: Central to Canadian Democracy?» dans John C. Courtney et David E. Smith, dir. The Oxford Handbook of Canadian Politics (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010), p. 167. 14 . G.P. Browne, dir. Documents on the Confederation of British North America, (Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2009), p. 211 (A. Galt, Conference de Londres, 13 decembre 1866).

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avec un nombre egal de senateurs de I' Ontario et du Quebec, peut etre

considere comme Ia contrepartie pour Ie Quebecl5

.

16. La repartition egale des sieges au Senat entre Ies trois regions (ou divisions)

constitutives a rendu Ia fonction representative du Senat operationnelle. C' etait, bien sur,

une mise en vigueur imparfaite, puisque les unites constitutives de la federation etaient

definies differemment pour les besoins de Ia division des pouvoirs (provinces) et la

representation au Senat (divisions). Neanmoins, I'intention etait claire: Ie Senat allait

representer les interets des entites politiques infranationales.

17. La representation egale des entites infranationales au Senat n'etait pas

completement etrangere a Ia representation des minorites. Toutefois, comme M. Watts Ie

fait remarquer, la representation des interets des minorites au Senat se rapportait aux

minorites nationales qui autrement constituaient une majorite dans une ou plusieurs

provinces ou regions16 . En fait, Ie federalisme et Ie bicameralisme ne sont generalement

pas des moyens efficaces pour proteger les minorites qui ne sont pas concentrees sur un

territoire, et s'attendre a ce que Ie Senat y parvienne pose un probleme. Comme I'ecrit

Ajzenstat: «Lorsqu'il parle des « minorites », Macdonald ne parle pas des minorites

ethniques ou religieuses [ ... ] »17 . Les observations de Cardinal, de Heard, de Hicks, et de

Smith sur ce sujet s'appuient donc sur un concept de «minorite » qui etait historiquement

etranger au Senat. Quels que soient Ies avantages d'avoir un Senat compose de senateurs

provenant de minorites (dans son sens contemporain) ou d'autres groupes sous-

representes, on ne peut les considerer comme des caracteristiques inherentes a Ia

15. David E. Smith, « Canada: A Double Federation» dans Courney et Smith, dir.., The Oxford Handbook of Canadian Politics, 81-82. Smith signale que Ie principe de la representation egale au Senat a egalement facilite l'entree des colonies maritimes dans l'union. 16. Watts, « Le bicameralisme dans les regimes parlementaires federaux », p. 70. 17 . Ajzenstat, dans « Le bicameralisme et les architectes du Canada: Les origines du Senat canadien », dans S. Joyal, dir., Proteger fa democratie canadienne: Le Senat en verite, (Montreal et Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2003), p. 7.

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fondation de l'institution. En effet, dans la mesure ou aux yeux des peres fondateurs, Ie

role du Senat consistait a proteger les inten~ts des «minorites» au-dela des

preoccupations regionales, cela faisait reference aux proprietaires fonciers qui a leur avis

seraient toujours en situation de minorite (d'ou la qualification fonciere pour etre nomme

au Senat). McDonald a exprime ce point de vue: «II doit y avoir une importante

qualification de propriete dans Ie cas de la Chambre haute qui represente afors fa

.,' 18 proprzete» .

18. Rien dans Ie projet de loi C-7 ne devie du principe de la representation regionale

egale, car celui-ci n'a pas pour but de changer la distribution de sieges au Senat entre les

divisions ou les provinces. En fait, on pourrait egalement faire valoir en toute raison que

Ie projet de loi C-7 aurait pour effet d' ameliorer la representation regionale de deux

fayons. Premierement, en donnant aux residents de ces regions la possibilite de participer

de fayon significative, sinon avec autorite, a la selection des senateurs. Deuxiemement, en

rendant plus difficile pour les senateurs de viser a representer une region sans avoir de

connections significative avec cette region (un phenomene qui a ete observe concernant

Ie Senat actuel). Ces raisons expliquent peut-etre pourquoi quatre gouvernements

provinciaux, outre l' Alberta, ont envisage d'adopter Ie principe electif pour la nomination

des senateurs 19.

19. L'accent est mis sur la fonction principale du Senat qui est de representer les

interets regionaux, mais on soutient «dans une certaine mesure » qu'il s'est donne pour

tache au cours du 20e siec1e de representer et de proteger les minorites, d'autres groupes

sous-representes et des groupes d'interets speciaux2o. Le tableau 1 fournit des donnees

sur Ie nombre de femmes et d'autres personnes d'origines Inuits, Metis, et des Premieres

18. G.P. Browne, ed. Documents on the Confederation of British North America, p. 133 (J.A. Macdonald, Conference de Quebec). Les italiques sont de moL 19 . II ya egalement eu un projet de loi emanant d'un depute en Ontario. 20 . Paul G. Thomas, « Parliament and Legislatures: Central to Canadian Democracy? », p. 167. Les italiques sont de moi.

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nations qui ont siege au Senat et a la Chambre des communes en fonction des differentes

tailles des deux institutions21. Les tableaux 2 et 3 repertorient ces donnees par periode.

Tableau 1

Representation des femmes et des Premieres nations au Senat et a la Chambre des communes22

Groupe Senat Chambre des communes Inuits, Metis, Premieres 15 32 nations 1,6 % °,8 %

Femmes 92 254 17,2 % 10,3 %

Tableau 2

Femmes et Autochtones nommees au Senat par periode23

Periode Nombre de Femmes nommees Autochtones nommes nominations

1867-1907 276 0 1 0.0% 0.4%

1908-1947 221 2 0

21 . En ce qui concerne les femmes, j'ai calcule Ie pourcentage de femmes nommees ou elues it partir de 1930, soit la premiere annee ou les femmes sont devenues constitutionnellement admissibles it etre nommees au Senat. Le nombre total de senateurs nommes durant cette periode est de 534; Ie nombre total de membres elus it la Chambre des communes est de 2 463. 22. Voir Annexe 2, donnees selectionnes it partir de (accede Ie 11 mai 2013):

http://www.parl.gc.ca/ParIinfo /lists Isenators.aspx?ParIiament=&N ame=&Party =&Province=&Gender=F&Current=False&PrimeMinister=&TermEnd=&Ministry= &Picture= False et http://www.parl.gc.ca/ParIinfo I Compilations IParliament/Aboriginal.aspx?Role =Senators et http://www.parl.gc.ca/parIinfo ILists 1M embers.aspx?Parliament=&Riding=&N a me=&Party=&Province=&Gender= F &N ew= False&Current= False&First= False&Pi cture= False&Section = False&Electi onDate=&SortCol umn = ElectionEndDate&Sort Direction=ASC

23. Ibid.

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0.9% 0.0% 1948-1987 241 24 6

9.9% 2.5% 1988-2017?t 138 48 7

34.8% 54.1% 2008-2013 57 18 1

31.6% 1.8%

Tableau 3

Femmes et Autochtones elus it la Chambre des Communes par periode (Par date de premiere election)24

Periode Nombre elus Femmes elues Autochtones elus

1867-1907 1144 0 3 0.0% 0.3%

1908-1947 1027 5 0 0.5% 0.0%

1948-1987 1197 54 9 4.5% 0.8%

1988-2007 647 132 14 20.4% 2.2%

2008-2013 190 64 6 33.7% 3.2%

20. En ce qui conceme les chiffres bruts, pres de trois fois plus de femmes ont siege it

la Chambre des communes qu'au Senat, et plus de deux fois plus de personnes d'origine

inuite, metisse ou des Premieres nations ont siege it la Chambre des communes qu'au

Senat. Cependant, en pourcentage, les donnees favorisent Ie Senat. Pour ce qui est des

femmes, durant la peri ode commune pendant laquelle les femmes pouvaient etre

nommees aussi bien au Senat qu'it la Chambre des communes, la representation des

femmes it la Chambre des communes se chiffrait it 10,3 p. 100, par rapport it 17,2 p. 100

au Senat. Pour les personnes d' origine inuite, metisse et des Premieres nations, la

representation historique est de 0,8 p. 100 a la Chambre des communes, et de 1,6 p. 100

au Senat. Par c~ntre, pour les deux groupes et dans les deux institutions, une

24.1bid.

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representation plus importante est largement un phenomene des dernieres vingt-cinq

annees, suggerent que c'est influence par des changements sociaux plus larges plutot que

quelque caracteristique particuliere du Senat ou des Communes. Concernant Ie sexe, 71,7

pourcent de toutes les femmes nommees au Senat et 76,8 pourcent de toutes les femmes

elues aux Communes sont arrivees en poste depuis 1988. Concernant les autochtones, les

proportions sont 53,3 pourcent pour Ie Senat et 62,5 pourcent pour la Chambre des

Communes. II est egalement important de noter que, entre 2008 et 2013,

proportionnellement plus de femmes et d'autochtones ont ete elus it la Chambre des

Communes que nommes au Senat.

21. Toutefois, ce qui est frappant au sujet de ces donnees releve du fait que, jusqu'it

1988, Ie dossier historique du Canada n'etait particulierement solide dans aucun des cas.

Meme au cours des vingt-cinq dernieres annees, les femmes ont representees seulement

33,8 pourcent des nominations au Senat et seulement 4,1 pourcent des nominations ont

ete d'origine Inuit, Metis ou Premieres Nations. En outre, d'apres les donnees, un

processus fonde exc1usivement sur les nominations n'a pas beaucoup plus de succes

qu'un processus electoral en matiere de promotion de la representation de ces groupes.

Compte tenu de ce qui precede, la question la plus importante consiste it se demander

pourquoi les donnees relatives au nombre de personnes nommees au Senat qui

appartiennent it ces deux groupes ne sont pas plus significatives. Meme sans les

contraintes et les aleas du processus electoral, les femmes et les canadiens d' origine Inuit,

Metis et des Premieres Nations ont generalement e16 sous-representes au Senat25. La

reponse it cette question decoule du fait que, dans la me sure OU les premiers ministres ont

poursuivi un objectif, quel qu'il soit, lors de leurs nominations au Senat, il s'agissait de

l' objectif partisan visant it nommer des membres de leur propre parti politique. En fait,

pres de 95 p. 100 de to utes les personnes nommees au Senat proviennent du propre parti

25. Les femmes constituent 50,4% de la population du Canada (Recensement 2011), et les peuples autochtones, 3,8% (Recensement 2006).

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politique du premier ministre, ce qui souleve des questions importantes quant a la mesure

dans laquelle Ie processus de nomination tel quel fait la promotion du principe de

l'independance d'une maniere globale26. Si les senateurs ne sont que des representants du

parti au gouvernement, il est alors difficile de comprendre comment Ie Senat peut etre un

organe veritablement independant dans ce cas.

22. 11 est aussi difficile d'identifier des exemples specifiques de cas ou Ie Senat a

effectivement protege ou fait la promotion des interets de minorites ou autres groupes

politiquement sous-representes c~ntres des actions du gouvernement. Que ce soit Ie cas

n'est pas surprenant, compte tenu que la partisannerie est l'element Ie plus determinant

concernant les nominations au Senat. Par consequent, mis a part de courtes periodes de

transition de pouvoir d'un parti politique a l'autre, Ie Senat est domine par Ie

gouvernement. Meme Ie cas au cours des deux dernieres decennies ou Ie Senat peut avoir

ete peryu comme ayant agi c~ntre Ie gouvernement dans l'interet d'un groupe

politiquement sous-represente - sa defaite de la legislation vis ant a reglementer

l'avortement suite a la decision Morgentaler de 1988 (Projet de Loi C-43) par un vote a

egalite en janvier 1991 - ne contredit pas l'idee generale que l'on ne peut se fier au Senat

de fayon independante pour proteger ces groupes, peu importe sa composition

demographique. Dans ce cas, avec exceptions, les senateurs etaient libres de voter selon

leur conscience. Par surcrolt, certains senateurs ont vote c~ntre Ie projet de loi C-43 non

pas pour proteger les femmes c~ntre une nouvelle reglementation en matiere

d'avortement, mais parce qu'ils estimaient que la nouvelle reglementation n'allait pas

assez loin. Simplement exprime, la defaite par Ie Senat du projet de loi C-43 en 1991ne

peu etre vu comme un exemple de la chambre haute protegeant un groupe politiquement

sous represente c~ntre une action gouvernementale prejudiciable.

26 .Annexe 1 represente une liste de tous les senateurs avec leur information

biographique.

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23. L'un des arguments souleves par Mme Linda Cardinal quant au role du Senat it

l'egard des minorites et des autres groupes sous-representes, est sa capacite de

representer les inten~ts des francophones hors Quebec. Cardinal a repertorie 64 senateurs

canadiens etant des francophones hors Quebec, provenant de sept provinces et d'un

territoire. Ces senateurs comptent pour 6,9 p. 100 de to us les senateurs ayant siege,

chiffre tres pres de la proportion de 7,8 p. 100 des francophones hors Quebec (8 sur 103).

Cependant, il y a eu des lacunes importantes quant a la representation des francophones

hors Quebec. D'une part, des senateurs francophones ont regulierement represente Ie

Manitoba, l'Ontario, la Nouvelle-Ecosse et Ie Nouveau-Brunswick; d'autre part, la

Colombie-Britannique et Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador n'ont jamais eu de representant

francophone au Senat. L' Alberta et la Saskatchewan ont eu des representants

francophones pendant un peu plus de la moitie de I 'histoire de leurs provinces, tandis que

l'I1e-du-Prince-Edouard n'a eu qu'un seul senateur francophone (aucun depuis Ie

1ge siecle)27. Tout comme pour les femmes et les membres des Premieres nations, la

proportion actuelle dans laquelle les senateurs francophones hors Quebec sont representes

est inferieure it celle etablie par Cardinal, Heard, Hicks et Smith dans leurs rapports

d' expertise.

24. II ne fait aucun doute que Ie Senat a ete cree dans une large mesure pour proteger

les Canadiens francophones qui etaient une minorite dans l'ensemble du Canada, et dont

on s'attendait it ce qu'ils demeurent. Pour cette raison, Ie fondement regional de la

representation au Senat correspondait parfaitement it cet objectif, compte tenu de la

concentration territoriale des francophones au Quebec. Cette concentration existait en

1867 - ou on comptait environ 90 p. 100 de Canadiens [TRADUCTION] d'« origine

franyaise» au Bas-Canada - et existe encore aujourd'hui - alors que 86,5 p. 100 des

27. Voir Claudette Tardif et Chantal Terrien, « La reforme du Senat et les minorites franco phones », Revue pariementaire canadienne (printemps 2009), p. 8.

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francophones habitent au Quebec28. Cependant, Ie Senat ne visait pas explicitement a

proteger la minorite francophone hors Quebec. Neanrnoins, au fil des annees, les

nominations au Senat ont pu avoir ref1ete de fayon grandissante cette preoccupation,

particulierement apres les annees 1960, alors que les aspirations nationalistes du Quebec

ont rendu la province plus centree sur elle-meme (presumant que Ie Quebec avait deja

assume une responsabilite particuliere pour les francophones vivant a l'exterieur de la

province). En effet, parmi les francophones hors Quebec nommes au Senat, au moins la

moitie ont ete nommes a partir de 1960.

25. A mon avis, il est facile d'exagerer l'importance de la representation des

francophones hors Quebec au Senat en faisant fi de son effet Ie plus syrnbolique plut6t

que son effet veritable. Pour les francophones hors Quebec, Ie Senat est une institution

tres faible sur laquelle se fonder pour proteger ses interets, et ce, pour au moins deux

raisons. En premier lieu, a l'exception d'assurer l'acces en franyais aux services du

gouvemement federal partout au Canada, aucun domaine legislatif pertinent a la

preservation et a la promotion culturelle et linguistique - particulierement l'education

- ne releve de la competence federale et de la competence legislative directe partagee

entre Ie Senat et la Chambre des cornrnunes29. En second lieu et, ce qui est plus

important, la Charte canadienne des droits et libertes a introduit un instrument encore

plus puissant, efficace et frequemment utilise pour la protection et la promotion des droits

des francophones hors Quebec.

28. Pour 1867, voir http://www66.statcan.gc.calenglacyb c1867-eng.aspx?opt=lengl18671186700160016 The%20Census.pdf. Pour la repartition actuelle, voir http://www12.statcan.gc.calcensus-recensementlindex-fra.cfrn, consulte.le 1 er mai 2013. 29. Pour etre certain, l'art. 93 de la Loi constitutionnelle de 1867 octroie au gouvernement federalla competence legislative corrective pour prevenir les atteintes aux droits a l'instruction dans la langue de la minorite, mais cette competence n'a jamais ete exercee et elle est consideree comme obsolete par certaines administrations. Voir Hogg, Constitutional Law o/Canada, 3e edition, p.114.

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26. En particulier, les droits a l'instruction dans la langue de la minorite garantis par

l'art. 23 de la Charte se sont reveles tres utiles pour ces collectivites. En effet, meme si Ie

Quebec a exprime initialement Ie plus de crainte pour ce qui est d'etre limite par l'art. 23,

d'autres provinces ont ete plus touchees par des litiges relatifs aux droits a l'instruction

~ns Ja la~~_de la _~inorite. Des parents francophones ont conteste avec succes des

dispositions legislatives et des politiques provinciales a l'I1e-du-Prince-Edouard, en

Nouvelle-Ecosse, au Manitoba, en Saskatchewan, en Ontario, et en Alberta en vertu de

l'art.23, ce qui a entraine une expansion importante des droits a l'instruction dans la

langue de la minorite des francophones hors Quebec3o. Meme si Ie passage d'un

processus exclusivement nominatif a un processus partiellement electoral reduit Ie

nombre de francophones hors Quebec qui siegent au Senat, les droits linguistiques

fondees sur la Charte - particulierement l'art. 23 - plus utiles et plus frequemment

allegues, demeureront.

27. Tandis qu'on pourrait aspirer a ce que Ie Senat soit considere comme un lieu 011

les minorites ou d'autres interets speciaux et groupes politiquement sous-representes

participent d'une certaine fayon au processus legislatif, la representation des minorites

dans cette me sure n'a jamais ete un aspect fondamental ou une caracteristique essentielle

du Senat. L'objectif sous-jacent du Senat du Canada consistait a assurer une

representation regionale egale comme un contrepoids a la representation de la population

au sein de la Chambre des communes. Pour paraphraser et citer partiellement Ajzenstat,

lors de la creation du Canada, chacun a convenu qu'un systeme de gouvemement

30. Christopher Manfredi, « Constitutional Rights and Interest Advocacy: Litigating Educational Reform in Canada and the United States », dans F. Leslie Seidle ed. Equity and Community: The Charter, Interest Advocacy and Representation (Montreal: Institute For Research On Public Policy, 1993), p. 91 a 117; Manfredi, « La Charte et Ie caractere distinctif du Quebec» Cite Libre 28(4) (2000), p. 78 a 82 ; Troy Riddell, « The Impact of Legal Mobilization and Judicial Decisions: The Case of Official Minority-Language Education Policy in Canada for Francophones outside Quebec », Law & Society Review 38 (2004), p. 583 a 610.

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modeme exigeait une «representation selon la population» a la chambre basse (meme si

Ie Canada a mis en ceuvre ce principe seulement avec imperfection). La « formule

regissant la representation regionale » proposee pour la Chambre haute a ete determinee

comme etant suffisante pour compenser la domination que ce principe conferait a

l'Ontario et au Quebec en Chambre basse, par rapport aux autres regions et provinces3!.

Mode de selection: Independance et pouvoir du premier ministre

28. Le concept d'une chambre haute elue n'etait pas etranger aux Peres de la

Confederation. La Constitution des Btats-Unis prevoyait l'election des senateurs par les

legislatures des Btats, et Ie principe electif s'appliquait au conseillegislatif de la province

du Canada et de l'Ile-du-Prince-Bdouard avant la Confederation. Comme l'a indique John

A. Macdonald dans Ie cadre des debats de I' Assemblee legislative du Canada en 1865, il

y avait un debat considerable sur Ie choix entre un principe d' election ou un principe

nominatif32. Macdonald privilegiait personnellement la nomination par la Couronne des

membres de la chambre haute, mais non parce qu'il considerait que Ie principe electif

avait echoue au Canada33. Comme ill'a explique dans Ie cadre des debats parlementaires

canadiens, les delegues aux conferences anterieures consideraient comme plus

pragmatiques que philosophiques les lacunes du principe electif. Tout particulierement, la

taille enorme des circonscriptions electorales et Ie degnS connexe d'efforts requis pour se

faire elire etaient consideres comme d'importantes raisons de rejeter Ie principe de

I'election34. George Brown a reitere ce point de vue dans Ies memes debats : « l'eIection

de deputes pour d'aussi vastes districts que ceux qui forment les colleges electoraux de la

31. Ajzenstat, « Le bicameralisme et les architectes du Canada}), dans S. Joyal, ed. Proteger la democratie canadienne, p. 16. 32 . J. Ajzenstat et al., eds. Debats sur la fondation du Canada (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1999), 78 (J.A. Macdonald, 6 fevrier 1865). 33. G.P. Browne, ed. Documents on the Confederation of British North America, 97 (J.A. Macdonald, Quebec Conference, 11 octobre 1864. 34. Ajzenstat et al., eds. Debats sur lafondation du Canada, 79 (J.A. Macdonald, 6 fevrier1865).

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chambre haute est devenue un inconvenient reel considerable35. » L'« inconvenient »

associe aux elections pour d'aussi vastes regions a egalement eu une incidence sur la

qualite des candidats qui briguaient une nomination aces conseils. Encore une fois, les

propos de Macdonald sont instructifs sur ce point:

« Je reconnais qu'on a compte dans les premiers temps des hommes de ce

calibre parmi les candidats, mais leur nombre a decru d'election en

election dans les deux Canadas, tandis que d'un autre cote on voyait tous

les hommes encore jeunes, actifs en politique et determines a devenir des

hommes d'Etats chercher a sieger ala Chambre d'assemblee36.»

29. Dans ce cas, on craignait que l'application du principe de l'election donne lieu a

l'etablissement d'une chambre haute de pietre qualite parce que les meilleurs candidats a

une charge publique choisiraient la voie electorale moins ardue pour sieger a la Chambre

basse.

30. Ces preoccupations d'ordre pratique ont bien entendu peu de pertinence de nos

jours. Dans un monde OU des elections peuvent etre contestees efficacement dans des

circonscriptions geographiquement aussi grandes que les Territoires du Nord-Ouest, Ie

Yukon et Ie Nunavut, l'etendue du territoire sur lequell'election aurait lieu ne peut plus

etre une objection au principe de l'election. Par ailleurs, l'experience de l' Alberta, dont il

sera question ci-apres, ne donne pas a croire que la tenue d'elections modemes de

candidats senatoriaux attire des candidats de pietre qualite. Les preoccupations pratiques

qui ont mene les Peres de la Confederation a choisir Ie processus de nomination au Senat

ont depuis longtemps ete effacees par l'histoire.

35 . Ibid., 85 (G. Brown, 8 fevrier 1865). 36. Ajzenstat et aI., eds. Debats sur lafoundation du Canada, 79 (l.A. Macdonald, 6 fevrier 1865).

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31. II y a peu qui se degage des debats it I' effet que les participants des a.

l'elaboration et it la ratification de la Constitution de 1867 croyaient que Ie principe

electif etait incompatible en soi avec les fonctions que devait exercer la chambre haute. II

est vrai que les Peres de la Confederation croyaient que Ie principe de la nomination etait

conforme a. l'objectif qu'ils s'etaient fixe, soit que la constitution de « la chambre haute

suivrait Ie modele britannique autant que les circonstances pourraient Ie permettre »37. lIs

reconnaissaient toutefois qU'elle ne pourrait etre identique en ce qu'elle ne saurait etre

une chambre haute hereditaire qui, comme l'a decrit Macdonald, [TRADUCTION] «ne

conviendrait [ ... ] donc d' aucune maniere it notre etat de societe ». II a invoque qu'« une

chambre haute hereditaire est impossible dans notre jeune pays, a. qui il manque tous les

elements propres it former une aristocratie fonciere : personne ne possede ici de grands

territoires, et nous n'avons aucune dasse separee et distincte du peuple »38. Les

nominations par la Couronne auraient pour effet de rapprocher Ie plus possible Ie Canada

du modele de la Constitution britannique, tout en reconnaissant l'impossibilite d'etablir

une chambre haute hereditaire au Canada.

32. Macdonald et Brown ont tous deux enonce Ie pnnclpe general selon lequel

« [l]'idee premiere etait de faire de la chambre haute un corps parfaitement independant,

qui serait dans la meilleure position possible pour examiner sans passion les mesures

legislatives de cette chambre [c.-a.-d. l' Assemblee legislative] et p0t+r defendre les inten~ts

publics contre toute tentative de legislation hative ou teintee d'esprit de parti »39.

Cependant, la discussion sur la question de l'independance s'est deroulee dans Ie cadre de

la defense des nominations it vie. Selon l' argument invoque par Macdonald et Brown,

apres avoir ete nommes a. la chambre haute les membres devaient, durant leur mandat,

etre independants de l'autorite qui les a nommes, que ce soit la Couronne ou la

37 . Ibid., p. 88 (I.A. Macdonald, 6 fevrier 1865). 38. Ibid., p. 88 (I.A. Macdonald, 6 fevrier 1865). 39. Ibid., p. 99 (I.A. Macdonald, 6 fevrier 1865), p. 88 (G. Brown, 8 fevrier 1865). La citation est de Brown.

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population dans Ie cadre d'une election4o. En ce sens, 1'« independance senatoriale» est

tres similaire a l'independance judiciaire en ce que les senateurs et les juges sont libres

d'agir selon leurs convictions, car ils ne craignent pas d'etre demis de leurs fonctions de

maniere capricieuse, et n'ont pas a obtenir d'autorisation pour continuer d'exercer leur

mandat. Pourvu que l'exercice des fonctions demeure independant de l'autorite qui a Ie

pouvoir de nommer les senateurs, Ie Senat est independant, et cette forme d'independance

est assuree par Ie fait que Ie mandat des senateurs n'est pas renouvelable41• Le projet de

loi C-7 assure l'independance des senateurs en ce qu'il prevo it que Ie mandat au Senat ne

sera pas renouvelable, tel qu' etabli en 1867, et maintenu en 196542. De plus, sans affecter

la comprehension originale de l' independance du Senat, Ie proj et de loi C-7 a Ie potentiel

pour faire la promotion de l'independance pratique du Senat en eloignant partiellement

les nominations senatoriales de l' agenda politique personnel du Premier Ministre et de

l'influence du patronage.

33. On pourrait encore invoquer, pour cette raison particuliere, que Ie projet de loi

C-7 mine Ie pouvoir du premier ministre de recommander des nominations au gouverneur

general. Je ne suis pas persuade par cet argument. L'element electif envisager par C-7

sera seulement engage dans les provinces qui choisissent d'adopter une legislation

suivant Ie modele etablit par C-7. De plus, les gouvernement futurs peuvent choisir de

l'abroger. Quoique l' Alberta ait deja adopte un element electif, et cinq provinces aient

entrepris des demarches en ce sens (la Colombie-Britannique, la Saskatchewan, Ie

Manitoba, Ie Nouveau-Brunswick et la Nouvelle-Ecosse), je ne crois pas qu'il puisse etre

40 . Janet Ajzenstat, « Bicameralism and Canada's Founders: The Origins ofthe Canadian Senate ». dans S. Joyal, dir., Protecting Canadian Democracy:, p. 8. 41 . Par exemple, en examinant Ie debat sur la fondation portant sur Ie principe de l'election et Ie principe de la nomination, Ajzenstat ne se prononce pas en faveur de l'un ou de l'autre, meme si elle s'oppose clairement a ce que les senateurs soient obliges de se se faire elire ou nommer a nouveau. Ibid., p. 11. 42. On pourrait faire valoir que des elections contribueraient a rendre les senateurs dependant de la popUlation, ce qui aurait pour effet de restreindre leur sphere d'action independante. Je me penche sur cette question dans la Partie 2.

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presume qu'un element electif sera en place dans chaque province, pas plus qu'il ne

puisse etre presume qu'une province qui l'adopte choisira toujours de maintenir cette

approche.

34. Bien sur, il est possible qu'apparaisse une convention, en vertu de laquelle Ie

premier ministre ne devrait recommander que la nomination des candidats elus a la suite

d'elections. Toutefois, on ne sait pas avec certitude si meme une telle possibilite aurait un

impact sur Ie caractere de l'institution. Examinons par exemple la partie essentielle des

recommandations formulees par David Smith relativement a Ia modification non

constitutionnelle du processus de nomination du Senat, enoncee dans ses ecrits

universitaires, mais absente de son avis d'expert en l'espece43. Meme si Smith se montre

tres sceptique sur Ie bien-fonde des nominations par election, il reconnait neanmoins les

lacunes du statu quo. II a par consequent recommande trois ref ormes qui, a son avis,

pourraient etre mises en reuvre sans qu'il soit necessaire de modifier la Constitution44 :

• Rendre transparents to us les aspects du processus de nomination et les porter a

la connaissance du public.

• Creer une commission de validation independante, non partisane, responsable

devant Ie Parlement, qui soit chargee de surveiller Ia nomination des

senateurs.

• Enoncer des lignes directrices regissant Ie processus de selection des

senateurs et les rendre publiques (les italiques sont de moi).

35. L'intention commune de ces ref ormes est d'enlever au premier ministre Ie

pouvoir discretionnaire absolu dont il dispose a l'egard des avis qu'il donne au

43. David Smith, «The Improvement ofthe Senate by Nonconstitutional Means», dans S. Joyal, dir., Protecting Canadian Democracy 257-26l. 44. II recommande une quatrieme reforme - un mandat de douze ans, non renouvelable - qui necessiterait une modification constitutionnelle, mais il suggere que celle-ci pourrait etre apportee de fa<;on unilaterale par Ie Parlement. Je discute de cette proposition plus loin dans Ie present rapport.

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gouverneur general en ce qui a trait aux nominations au Senat (signalons que Smith, dans

la troisieme recommandation qu'il a formulee, emploie Ie terme « regissant » plutot que

« guidant »). Rien ne rendrait Ie processus de nomination plus transparent et ouvert au

public que l'introduction d'un element electif. En fait, Smith etablit un lien direct entre la

troisieme recommandation et Ie processus electoral general en suggerant que

« [1]' electorat pourrait ainsi juger a la fois de la qualite des criteres et des nominations

subsequentes dans Ie bilan qu'il fait du gouvernement »45.

36. Parmi les recommandations qu'il a formulees, la plus interessante est sans doute

celIe qui porte sur la creation d'une « commission de validation des nominations» dont Ie

but precis serait de reduire «Ie pouvoir excessif du Premier ministre » a l'egard des

nominations au Senat46. Selon Smith, unetelIe commission dresserait une courte liste de

candidats a partir de laquelle Ie premier ministre exercerait son choix. Avec Ie temps,

Smith fait valoir qu'« [u ]ne nouvelle convention ferait son apparition : Ie premier

ministre ne nommerait que les personnes recommandees par la commission de

validation »47. La difference entre cette proposition et Ie mecanisme prevu dans Ie projet

de loi C -7 n' est pas claire du point de vue du pouvoir du premier ministre de

recommander des nominations au senat. Dne liste sera dressee en fonction des resultats

45. Smith, « L'adaptation possible du Senat sans avoir a reformer la Constitution »,

dans S. Joyal, dir., Proteger fa democratie canadienne, p. 279. 46. Une commission similaire existe au Royaume-Uni [TRADUCTION] "afin de

recommander des individus en tant que "peers" politiques hors-parti" et "d'examiner les nominations pour les "peers" a vie, incluant ceux qui sont nommes par les partis politiques du R-U, afin d'assurer les plus hauts standards appropries." Voir http://lordsappointments.independent.gov.uk/. accedele 7 mai 2013.

47 . Par ailleurs, il semble que ce soit ce que Ie premier ministre Harper ait fait en ce qui a trait aux nominations vice-royales. En 2012, il a cree un comite special charge de mener de vastes consultations et d'etablir une courte liste de candidatures dont il faudrait tenir compte pour la nomination a la fonction de gouverneur general (divulgation complete: j'etais membre de ce comite). En 2012, il a cree un co mite consultatif permanent sur les nominations vice-royales compose de trois membres permanents et de deux membres permutants.

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de I' election de candidats au Senat dont Ie premier ministre devra tenir compte avant de

faire sa recommandation, et il se pourrait meme dans ce cas que I' ont voit apparaitre une

convention en vertu de laquelle Ie premier ministre ne nommerait que les senateurs

recommandes par I'electorat a Ia suite d'elections de candidats au Senat. Cependant, tant

que Ie premier ministre est libre de choisir un nom sur la liste aux fins de

recommandation, alors Ie fait d'exercer son choix sur Ie fondement de cette liste ne mine

en rien son pouvoir. En d'autres termes, si une «commission de validation des

nominations» fonctionnant selon Ie meme principe que les elections de candidats au

Senat et tendant vers Ia meme convention n'avait pas pour effet de restreindre de fayon

indue Ie pouvoir du premier ministre, aiors il devrait en etre de meme en ce qui a trait a

l'element electif envisage par Ie projet de loi C-7.

37. En resume, les fondateurs du Canada ont clairement choisi Ie principe nominatif

plutot que Ie principe electif en ce qui a trait aux nominations it la chambre haute, mais ils

l'ont fait en grande partie pour des raisons pratiques plutot que philosophiques. Plus

precisement, il n'y a aucune contradiction inherente entre les fonctions du Senat et la

nomination par election. Qui plus est, meme si les fondateurs ont expressement souhaite

que Ie Senat soit un corps independant, ils ont cherche it assurer son independance non

par Ie mode de nomination, mais par Ie mandat de nomination. Plus particulierement, ils

ont favorise Ie non-renouvellement du mandat pour que les membres ne soient pas

dependants d'autres personnes pour continuer d'exercer leurs fonctions. De cette fayon,

Ies senateurs seraient libres d'agir selon leur conscience, sans crainte de represailles.

Autrement dit, les preoccupations soulevees par Smith dans son avis d'expert sont

fondees sur un concept d'independance bien different de celui que les fondateurs du

Canada avaient a l'esprit. Enfin, comme Smith Ie suggere dans ses ecrits universitaires, Ie

simple fait de restreindre Ie pouvoir discretionnaire absolu du premier ministre dans Ie

cadre du processus de nomination - en allant meme jusqu'a mettre en ceuvre une nouvelle

convention tres contraignante - ne devrait pas s'averer problematique tant que Ie premier

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ministre conserve une certaine faculte de choix en ce qui a trait aux noms qu'il decide de

recommander. En derniere analyse, Ie projet de loi C-7 ne change rien au fait que c'est au

gouverneur general qu'il revient de nommer des personnes au Senat sur avis du premier

ministre, bien qu'il prevo it un processus destine a guider Ie premier ministre lorsque

celui-ci doit determiner precisement quel avis a donner au gouverneur general.

L 'exemple d 'Alberta

38. L' Albe'rta demeure la seule provmce qui a tenu des elections de candidats

senatoriaux en 1989, 1998,2004 et en 2012. Ces elections se tiennent conformement aux

termes de la Senatorial Selection Act (RSA 2000, chapitre S-5). Les deux premieres

elections ont eu lieu conjointement avec les elections municipales; les deux dernieres

elections quant a elles, ont eu lieu conjointement avec les elections generales en Alberta.

Trente-trois (33) candidats se sont presentes a ces elections: six en 1989, quatre en 1998,

dix en 2004 et treize en 2012. Parmi ces trente-trois candidats, vingt etaient membres

d'un parti politique et treize se sont presentes comme candidats independants. Trois

femmes se sont presentees comme candidates. Dix candidats sont reputes avoir ete elus,

et leurs noms ont ete presentes au Conseil prive de la Reine pour Ie Canada [TRADUCTION]

« a titre de personnes qui pourraient etre convoquees devant Ie Senat du Canada en vue

de pourvoir des postes vacants en Alberta, » conformement au par. 3(1) de la Loi sur la

selection des senateurs. Sur ces dix candidats, cinq ont ete par la suite nommes au Senat :

quatre hommes et une femme. Chaque election merite d'etre brievement examinee.

Election de candidats senatoriaux de 1989

39. L'election de candidats senatoriaux de 1989 concernait SIX candidats, et s'est

tenue conjointement avec Ies elections municipales de l' Alberta. Trois partis politiques

etaient representes: Ie Parti reformiste, Ie Parti liberal et Ie Parti progressiste

conservateur; trois candidats independants se sont presentes. Stan Waters a remporte

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l' election (41,7 %), devenant ainsi la premiere personne dont Ie nom a ete soumis aux

fins de nomination au Senat it la suite d'une election. Meme si M. Waters a remporte

l' election en tant que candidat du Parti reformiste, en 1990, Ie premier ministre

Brian Mulroney (progressiste conservateur) a recommande sa nomination au Senat, it

laquelle on a donne suite Ie 11 juin 1990. Malheureusement, son mandat n'a dure que

quinze mois puisqu'il est decede Ie 25 septembre 1991.

Election de candidats senatoriaux de 1998

40. L'election de candidats senatoriaux de 1998 s'est egalement tenue conjointement

avec les elections municipales. Quatre candidats s'y sont presentes : deux representants

du Parti reformiste et deux candidats independants. Bert Brown, un agriculteur it la

retraite, a remporte l'election avec pres de sept points de pourcentage de plus que F.L.

(Ted) Morton, un professeur de l'University of Calgary. Messieurs Brown et Morton sont

reputes avoir ete elus et leurs noms ont ete soumis aux fins de nomination au Senat.

Toutefois, Ie premier ministre Jean Chretien a refuse de prendre en consideration les

resultats de l' election, et il a recommande la nomination de Douglas Roche (1998) ainsi

que de Tommy Banks (2000) en vue de pourvoir aux deux postes vacants.

Election de candidats senatoriaux de 2004

41. L' election de 2004 visant la nomination de candidats pour pourvoir aux trois

postes vacants de l' Alberta au Senat a ete la premiere qui a ete tenue conjointement avec

des elections provinciaies. Dix candidats s'y sont presentes, parmi Iesquels huit

representaient deux partis politiques (cinq representaient Ie Parti progressiste

conservateur et trois autres, Ie Parti allianciste de l' Alberta (rebaptise Ie Parti Wildrose

Alliance). En 1998, Bert Brown (du Parti progressiste conservateur) a remporte

l' election, mais les trois autres candidats (Betty Unger, Cliff Breitkreuz et Link Byfield)

sont egalement reputes avoir ete elus. Mme Unger et M. Breitkreuz representaient

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egalement Ie Parti progressiste conservateur, mats M. Byfield etait l'un des deux

candidats independants. Comme son predecesseur Jean Chretien, Ie premier ministre Paul

Martin a refuse de recommander la nomination en se fondant sur cette liste, et a choisi de

recommander la nomination d'Elaine McCoy, de Grant Mitchell et de Claudette Tardif

(qui siegent toujours au Senat). Toutefois, en 2007 Ie premier ministre Harper a

recommande la nomination de M. Brown au Senat, et en 2012, il a recommande celle de

MmeUnger.

Election de candidats senatoriaux de 2012

42. L'election de candidats senatoriaux de 2012 s'est tenue conjointement avec les

elections generales provinciales, aux fins de la nomination de candidats choisis pour

pourvoir aux trois postes vacants de l' Alberta au Senat. Treize candidats se sont presentes

aI' election, parmi lesquels sept representaient les trois partis politiques (Ie Parti

progressiste conservateur, Ie Parti Wildrose Alliance et Ie Parti vert) et six etaient des

candidats independants. Les electeurs pouvaient voter pour un maximum de trois

candidats sur un seul bulletin de vote. Cinq candidats ont obtenu au moins 11 % des

votes. Les trois premiers candidats ont obtenu respectivement: Doug Black (15,9 %),

Scott Tannas (13,1 %) et Mike Shaikh (11,5 %). Le 25 janvier 2013, Ie premier ministre

Harper a recommande la nomination de Doug Black, et deux mois plus tard il a

recommande celle de Scott Tannas.

Analyse

43. Entre 1989 et 2012, Ie processus electoral de candidats senatoriaux de l'Alberta a

ete aI' origine de dix noms de personnes qui auraient pu etre recommandees aupres du

gouverneur general par quatre premiers ministres differents aux fins de la nomination au

Senat. Le tableau 4 dresse la liste de ces personnes par annee d'election, profession,

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appartenance politique, age au moment de l' election, annee de nomination et age au

moment de la nomination.

Tableau 4

Election de candidats senatoriaux de l' Alberta - Laureats 48

Nom Annee Profession Appartenance Age au Annee de Age au

d'election politique moment nomination moment de la

de nomination

i'eJection

S. Waters 1989 Militairelhomme Parti 69 1990 69 d'affaires reformiste

B. Brown 1998 Agriculteur Parti 60 reformiste

T. Morton 1998 Universitaire Parti 49 reformiste

B. Brown 2004 Agriculteur Parti 66 2007 69 progressiste

conservateur

B. Unger 2004 Femme d'affaires Parti 61 2012 68 progressiste

conservateur

C. 2004 AgriculteuriEnseignant Parti 64 Breitkreuz progressiste

conservateur

L. Byfield 2004 Joumaliste Candidat

independant

D. Black 2012 Avocat Parti 60 2013 60 progressiste

conservateur

S. Tannas 2012 Services financiers Parti 50 2013 51 progressiste

conservateur

M. Shaikh 2012 Comptable Parti 64 progressiste

conservateur

44. De cet exemple, aussi limite soit-il, on peut fonnuler plusieurs observations quant

aux repercussions des elections de candidats senatoriaux sur les caracteristiques de ceux

48. Les resultants pour l'election des candidats senatoriaux en Alberta pour 1989, 1998 et 2004 se retrouvent a http://www.elections.ab.ca/Public%20Website/589.htm#officialresults. accede Ie 12 mai 2013. Pour 2012, ils se retrouvent a http://results.elections.ab.ca/wtResultsSNE.htm. accede Ie 12 mai 2013.

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qui a tenne sont nommes au Senat. Premierement, a quatre reprises, les gagnants de ces

elections n'ont pas ete nommes. Deuxiemement, Ie processus de l' Alberta a conduit a une

situation peu courante OU Ie premier ministre a fonnule une recommandation relativement

a un membre d'un autre parti aux fins de la nomination au Senat (recommandation de

Mulroney a I' egard de Waters). Troisiemement, Ie processus a donne lieu a une

proportion de femmes qui correspond sensiblement au processus nominatif.

Quatriemement, dans Ie cadre du processus, il y a eu naissance de candidats senatoriaux

qui sont membres des minorites visibles (Shaikh). Cinquiemement, l'eventail de milieux

et de professions de ceux qui ont ete elus et nommes est tres large; cette situation n'est

pas non plus differente des dix professions les plus frequemment representees au Senat49.

Finalement, l'age moyen des senateurs nommes dans Ie cadre de ce processus est

legerement superieur a celui de l'ensemble des senateurs nommes depuis 1965 (63,4 %

par opposition a 57,6 %), mais la difference est inferieure a dix ans. II est vrai, il va sans

dire, qu'aucun des senateurs nommes dans Ie cadre de ce processus n'etait francophone,

mais comme l'indique Ie rapport d'expert de Cardinal, il n'y a eu egalement aucune

nomination de senateur francophone de I' Alberta dans Ie cadre du processus nominatif

entre 1931 et 1940 ainsi qU'entre 1964 et 200550.

45. Un aspect interessant de I'experience albertaine est Ie peu d'eclairage qu'elle

fournit concernant la fa<;:on dont les senateurs se voient eux-memes. Dans Ie discours de

Brown au Senat5\ qu'iI donna en opposition a la motion du senateur Hugh Segal visant a tenir un referendum sur I'abolition du Senat, Brown a enonce sa vision selon laquelle

49. Ces profeSSions sont en ordre : avocats, hommes ou femmes d'affaires, commeryants, agricuiteurs, enseignants, medecins, joumalistes, auteurs, professeurs et gestionnaires. Voir http://www.parl.gc.ca/parlinfo/Lists/Top 1 OOccupations.aspx?Menu=SEN -Bio­Occ&Section=b571 082f-7b2d-4d6a-b30a-b6025a9cbb98&Chamber=b571 082f-7b2d-4d6a-b30a-b6025a9cbb98&Parliament&Language=F 50 . Cardinal, Expert Opinion of Bill C-7, date incertaine, 20. 51. (http://www.parl.gc.ca/Content/SEN/Cham ber /392/Debates/010db 2007-11-13-E.htm ?Language=E&Parl=39&Ses=2ff73) accessed April 26, 2013.

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[TRADUCTION] « la fonction d'un futur senateur peut agir comme un contrepoids

efficace a I'autre endroit. » Brown a argumente que [TRADUCTION] « Ie meilleur service

de cette chambre a I'egard de ce pays se produira lorsque des senateurs elus

representeront veritablement les souhaits de la population de leur province d'origine et

non la philosophie politique des premiers ministres passes ». En reponse a une question

du senateur Joan Fraser concernant Ie caractere non-contraignant de la loi albertaine

sur les elections senatoriales, Bert Brown a repondu: [TRADUCTION] « ce n'est pas

contraignant, pour utiliser les mots du senateur Fraser, simplement parce que cela laisse

au premier ministre Ie droit de decider s'il s'adressera politiquement aux souhaits de la

population de la province dependant de la perception du premier ministre concernant la

force de ces souhaits. » Ces declarations suggerent que Brown croyait qu'un Senat avec

une dimension electorale non-contraignante renforcerait [TRADUCTION]

« I'independance meme a I' egard de la chambre basse » que des commentateurs tels

que Smith identifient comme etant une des caracteristiques essentielles du Senat que Ie

projet de loi C-7 menace supposement.

46. En resume, dans Ie cadre des elections de candidats senatoriaux de l' Alberta, il

n'y a pas eu de senateur dont l'experience de travail et de vie differe considerablement de

celle des senateurs nommes dans Ie cadre du processus nominatif. Il est entendu qu'il n'y

a pas encore eu, dans Ie cadre de ce processus, de nomination de senateur francophone de

l' Alberta, mais il en a ete de meme pour Ie processus nominatif pendant les quatre

decennies qui ont precede la nomination du senateur Tardif. Ce processus a entraine la

nomination d'une senatrice sur l'ensemble des cinq personnes nommees, ce qui est tout a

fait conforme a la proportion historique des femmes nommees au Senat. Ce processus a

egalement donne lieu a la nomination d'un candidat au Senat membre de minorites

visibles. Finalement, compte tenu des ages des personnes dues et nommees, la situation

de l' Alberta demontre peu que ces senateurs ou ces candidats pourraient etre portes a agir

32

132

en fonction de leurs aspirations professionnelles apres Ie terme de leur mandat de

senateurs, meme s'ils quittent Ie Senat apres l'issue de leur mandat de neuf ans.

PARTIE 2 : INSTITUER UN MANDAT NON RENOUVELABLE DE NEUF ANS

47. Le projet de loi C-7 modifierait la duree du mandat des senateurs, qui siegeraient

pour un seul mandat fixe non renouvelable de neuf ans. Le projet de loi reconnait que ce

changement necessite une modification au par. 29(2) de la Loi constitutionnelle de 1867,

mais presume qu'il tombe sous la competence unilaterale de modification du Parlement

en vertu de l'art.44 de la Loi constitutionnelle de 1982. II convient de rappeler

qu' Ajzenstat decrit la disposition originale de la nomination it vie comme nomination

« irrevocable », et la meme description s'applique it une nomination jusqu'it

soixante-quinze ans52• Par consequent, cet aspect du projet de loi C-7 devrait etre peryu

comme la poursuite du statu quo, plutot qu'une deviation de celui-ci.

Le non-renouvellement et l'independance

48. Le non-renouvellement constitue un element cM de l'independance du Senat parce

qu'il abolit la necessite pour les senateurs d'attirer les bonnes graces des [TRADUCTION]

«gouvemants de l'heure » 53. Lorsqu'il y a un element electoral it une nomination, cela

libere egalement les senateurs des preoccupations liees it l'alienation de l'electorat,

puisqu'il n'ya aucune nomination a perdre lors d'une election subsequente. En effet,

en parlant du [TRADUCTION] « conseil legislatif» propose en fevrier 1865,

George Brown s' est prononce sur la fayon dont les membres du conseil pourraient agir

lors des etapes finales d'un mandat renouvelable : [TRADUCTION] « [ ... ] ils anticiperaient

l'expiration du mandat, et envisageraient avec anxiete l'administration du jour de la

52 .Ajzenstat, "Bicameralism and Canada's Founders, in Joyal, ed. Protecting Canadian Democracy, 11.

53. Ibid., 9.

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nouvelle nomination; ce qui pourrait avoir pour consequence qu'un tiers des membres

seraient sous l'influence du pouvoir executif»54. Les mandats fixes,per se, ne posent pas

probleme quant au maintien de l'independance; Ie probleme des mandats fixes reside

dans la possibilite de renouvellement. Le projet de loi C-7 reconnait cela et contoume Ie

probleme en excluant la possibilite de faire de nouvelles nominations. Cette dynamique

s'applique que Ie mode de nomination so it nominatif ou electoral. Meme les

representants elus ne subissent pas les pressions de leur circonscription s'ils n'ont pas it

se presenter en vue d'une reelection. Une fois elus, les senateurs deviennent independants

de ceux qui les ont elus.

49. En ce sens, les senateurs elus seraient libres de s'acquitter de leurs responsabilites

de representation it titre de fiduciaires plutot que de delegues et, de cette fayon, ils

seraient differents des deputes de la Chambre des communes. Meme si it la fois les

fiduciaires et les delegues ont la responsabilite de prendre en compte les desirs de ceux

qu'ils representent, on s'attend it ce que les delegues agissent directement en fonction de

leurs desirs, tandis que les fiduciaires tiennent compte de ces desirs mais forment toujours

leur propre opinion sur la mesure it suivre adequate. II est beaucoup plus facile d'agir it

titre de fiduciaire lorsque la poursuite du mandat ne pose pas probleme. Liberes de la

responsabilite directe d'agir conformement aux interets etroits d'une circonscription qui

detient leurs carrieres politiques entre leurs mains, les senateurs elus peuvent continuer

d'agir de fayon impartiale et en faisant un [TRADUCTION] «second examen objectif»

d'une fayon que les deputes de la Chambre des communes ne pourraient jamais Ie faire.

A cette fin, il vaut la peine de souligner que ce mode nominatif n'immunise pas

completement Ie Senat contre l'influence de politiques electorales axees sur la

circonscription. En plus de la tendance ecrasante du premier ministre de nommer des

membres de son propre parti, une proportion importante des senateurs nommes ont joint

54. Canada's Founding Debates, p. 88 (G. Brown, 8 fevrier 1865).

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l'institution apres avoir occupe une fonction elective: plus de 40 p. 100 des personnes

nommees depuis 1965 ont occupe une fonction elective aux niveaux federal, provincial

ou municipal.

50. Bien entendu, les senateurs elus pour des mandats fixes pourraient toujours etre

sensibles aux pressions extemes parce qu'ils sont preoccupes par leur carriere apres Ie

Senat, mais ce1a ne pourrait etre vrai que si l'age qu'ils avaient lors de leur nomination

signifiait qu'ils pourraient s'attendre it mener une longue carriere apres leur mandat au

Senat. Par Ie passe, l'age moyen auquelles individus ont ete nommes etait de 57 ans, ce

qui signifie que, si Ie mandat de neuf ans avait ete applique depuis 1867, Ie senateur

moyen aurait quitte Ie Senat it 66 ans et ne se serait pas attendu it une longue carriere

apres Ie Senat. Nous ne pouvons pas connaitre l'age auquel les senateurs seraient

nommes se10n Ie processus electoral prevu au projet de loi C-7, mais nous savons que

l'age moyen des senateurs albertains nommes apres des elections est de 63 ans. En se

basant sur un mandat fixe de neuf ans, la moyenne d'age serait de 72 ans, ce qui

correspond exactement it l'age moyen historique it la fin du mandat de toutes les

personnes nommees au Senat depuis 1867. Meme les plus jeunes elus au Senat en

Alberta, s'ils avaient ete nommes immediatement apres l'election, auraient quitte Ie Senat

it environ 60 ans apres un mandat de neuf ans. Cependant, meme si les pressions extemes

liees it une carriere apres Ie Senat avaient ete une preoccupation, aucune preuve ne

permet d'etablir que cela ne viserait qu'un senateur elu: it l'heure actuelle, un grand

nombre de senateurs, exclusivement nommes, continuent d'avoir un emploi it l'exterieur

(particulierement it titre de directeurs de societe) pendant leur mandat au Senat, auquel ils

retoumeront probablement apres leur mandat. Neanmoins, on s'attend it ce que les

senateurs agissent independamment dans l'exercice de leurs responsabilites en matiere de

representation 55.

55. Voir Annexe 3.

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135

Longueur du mandat, la continuite, la perspective it longue terme

51. Le changement vers un mandat fixe constitue egalement une deviation si petite,

par rapport it la pratique passee, que la difference n' est pas pertinente et ne devrait pas,

par consequent, nuire au pouvoir unilateral du Parlement de modifier la Constitution pour

l'atteinte de cet objectif. Afin de comprendre cet aspect de la disposition sur la duree

limitee du projet de loi C-7, il est important de comparer un mandat fixe de neuf ans it la

duree des mandats remplis par les senateurs, avec la duree moyenne des sessions

parlementaires et la duree des mandats des deputes de la Chambre des communes.

52. Le tableau 5 resume la moyenne et la mooiane du mandat des senateurs nommes

depuis 1867 et de ceux nommes depuis 1965 (lorsque la duree du mandat est passee

d'une nomination it vie, it une expiration it l'age de soixante-quinze ans). Deux ensembles

de donnees sont comprises dans Ie tableau: l'un qui inclut les senateurs actuels et l'autre,

qui les exclut. Ce qui n' est pas etonnant, puisque Ie premier ensemble de donnees

comprend 58 senateurs nommes depuis 2006, la moyenne et Ia mediane de Ia duree du

service augmentent Iegerement Iorsque Ies senateurs actuels sont exclus.

Tableau 5

Moyenne et mooiane du service senatoriaI56

Depuis 1867 Depuis 1965 Depuis 1867 Depuis 1965 (membres actuels (membres actuels (membres actuels (membres actuels

incIus) indus) excIus) excIus)

Moyenne 13,9 11,3 14,6 12,7 (annees) Mediane 12,8 9,8 13,6 11,7 (annees)

56.http://www.parl.gc.ca/Parlinfo/compilations/parliament/YearsOfService.aspx?P arliament=&Section=bS71082f-7b2d-4d6a-b30a-b602 Sa 9cb b98&N ame=& YearsOfService=&Continuous= False&Current= False Accede Ie 11 mai 2013.

36

136

53. Le mandat fixe de neuf ans prevu au projet de loi C-7 se compare de favon

positive a la fois a la moyenne et a la mediane des senateurs nommes depuis 1965,

particulif:rement lorsque les senateurs actuels sont inclus dans Ie calcul. En particulier, il

est tres pres de la duree mediane du service pour les personnes nommees apres 1965, y

compris les senateurs actuels. Meme en excluant les senateurs actuels, il se chiffre encore

a 77 p. 100 de la mediane du mandat actuel pour les senateurs nommes depuis 1965. Le

mandat de neuf ans propose dans Ie projet de loi C-7 n'est pas beaucoup plus court que

les durees actuelles moyennes et medianes des mandats des senateurs nommes apres Ie

changement en 196557. Le mandat de 9 ans se compare aussi favorablement ala duree

des mandats des chambres hautes dans d'autres pays. Selon les donnees compilees par

l'Union Interparlementaire, seules 11 des 77 chambres hautes dans Ie monde ont des

termes de neuf ans ou plus. 58

54. Outre l'independance qui, selon moi, est preservee grace au non-renouvellement,

Smith inclut la continuite et une perspective a long terme, particulierement pour ce qui

est du lien avec la Chambre des communes, parmi les aspects fondamentaux et les

caracteristiques essentielles du Senat59. L'une des manieres dont Ie Senat incame ces

caracteristiques est par Ie roulement inferieur, par comparaison a la Chambre des

communes. La duree moyenne d'une legislature (pendant la 40e legislature) est de

57. La difference est effectivement un peu plus importante si l'emphase est mise exclusivement sur les senateurs dont la nomination s'est terminee de puis 2006. La longueur moyenne et mediane du service de ces senateurs est de 14,6 et 15,2 ans respectivement.

58 .http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/TermofParliament.asp?LANG=ENG&REGION SUB REGION=All&typesearch=5 &Submit1=Launch+query, accede Ie 8 mai 2013.

59. David Smith, « The Improvement ofthe Senate by Nonconstitutional Means )}, dans Joyal, ed. Protecting Canadian Democracy, p. 234. L'auteur met aussi en lumiere ces caracteristiques dans son expertise, Expert Opinion of Bill C-7, decembre 2012, p. 13-14.

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3,2 ans, la mediane etant de 3,6 ans60• Le mandat de neuf ans propose au projet de loi

C-7 eouvrirait done en moyenne trois legislatures et Ie debut d'une quatrieme legislature,

selon Ie moment ou la nomination est faite lors du cycle de vie d'une legislature de duree

moyenne. Imaginons, par exemple, un senateur nomme au milieu de la duree d'une

legislature moyenne. Le mandat s'etendrait sur Ie reste de la legislature, la totalite des

deux pro chaines legislatures, s'echelonnant ainsi sur quatre ans. Un senateur qui siege

pendant la totalite du mandat de neuf ans representerait ainsi une eontinuite importante

par rapport au roulement qui peut avoir lieu it la Chambre des communes pendant trois .

legislatures61. Le tableau 6, qui presente des donnees sur la duree moyenne du mandat de

I' ensemble des deputes de la Chambre des communes, nous permet de mieux comprendre

eette situation:

60. II est possible qu'avec l'etablissement de dates d'elections fixes en fonction du projet de loi C-16, la longueur moyenne des Parlements convergera vers la longueur maximale de 4 ans. Cependant, cela n'a pas ete Ie cas depuis 2006, lorsque Ie projet de loi a ete adopte. Prenant pour acquis que Ie 41 e Parlement survive jusqu'a sa date d'exporation fixe en 2015, la longueur moyenne d'un Parlement depuis 2006 aura He de 3 ans. Cela s'explique du fait que des gouvernements minoritaires ont ete souvent elus depuis 1962 : des 17 elections tenus depuis lors, 8 ont produits des gouvernements minoritaires.

61 . En vertu de la nouvelle disposition, il y aura, bien entendu, des senateurs qui ne siegeront pas pendant la totalite de leur mandat de neuf ans, tout comme il y a maintenant des senateurs qui quittent Ie Senat avant d'avoir atteint soixante-quinze ans. Cependant, puisque selon la tendance passee depuis 1965, la moitie de tous les senateurs remplissent des mandats entre 9,8 et 11,7 ans, on peut s'attendre a ce qu'une proportion importante des senateurs nommes pour neuf ans completent la totalite de leur mandat.

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Tableau 6

Moyenne et mediane du mandat des deputes it la Chambre des communes62

Annees de service Nombre Pourcentage Moyenne des cumulatif annees de service

0-4 1 613 38,4 3,3 0-9 2898 68,9 5,1 0-14 3612 85,9 6,6

55. Si l'independance, la continuite et une perspective it long terme exigent que les

senateurs siegent pour de plus longues periodes que les deputes de la Chambre des

communes, alors Ie tableau 6 indique qu'un mandat senatorial de neuf ans est adequat it

cette fin. Un tel mandat est pres de trois fois plus long Ie mandat moyen de 38,4 p. 100 it

la Chambre des communes, et il est plus du tiers plus long que Ie mandat moyen de

85,9 p. 100 it la Chambre des communes. Apres quatre ans en poste, les senateurs auront

plus d'experience, en moyenne, que pres de 40 p. 100 des deputes en Chambre; et, dans

la demiere annee de leur mandat, les senateurs seront des parlementaires plus chevronnes

que pres de 70 p. 100 de leurs collegues it la Chambre des communes. Le mandat garanti

de neuf ans est suffisant pour faire un contrepoids aux lacunes qui pourraient etre liees au

taux de roulement eleve it la Chambre des communes.

56. Meme un specialiste comme Smith, qui soutient avec vigueur dans ses ouvrages

de doctrine que l'on doit proceder it la reforme du Senat en se fondant sur un ensemble de

principes fondamentaux decoulant «des attributs essentiels du Senat », reconnait la

necessite d'une reforme prevoyant un mandat d'une duree determinee non renouvelable

qui serait conforme it ces principes, un aspect du projet de 10i C-7 qui n' est pas aborde

62.http://www.parl.gc.ca/Parlinfo/compiiations/parliament/YearsOfService.aspx?P arliament=&Section=03d93c58-f843-49b3-9653-84275c23f3fb&Name=&YearsOfService=&Continuous=False&Current=False Accede Ie 11 mai 2013.

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dans son rapport d' expert. Selon Smith, meme [TRADUCTION] «s' il est essentiel que la

duree de mandat des senateurs soit longue pour qu'ils puissent exercer leurs

fonctions, ... [cela] ne signifie pas necessairement qu'ils soient nommes jusqu'a l'age de

soixante-quinze ans. »63 En effet, Smith decrit la possibilite theorique selon laquelle un

senateur puisse exercer ses fonctions pendant quarante-cinq ans (nomme a trente ans et

prenant sa retraite a soixante-quinze ans) comme etant [TRADUCTION] «d'une duree

nettement trop longue, meme pour les besoins de la continuite et de la perspective a long

terme. »64 11 ajoute que [TRADUCTION] «de tels exces, pourraient etre evites par la

nomination de senateurs pour une periode determinee de douze ans. »65. Smith propose

meme que les changements necessaires au paragraphe 29(2) de la Loi constitutionnelle de

1867 [TRADUCTION] «puissent etre apportes unilateralement par Ie Parlement federal

puisqu'ils traduiraient simplement la realite d'une duree moyenne de douze ans (c.-a-d.

trois legislatures) dans la Constitution sans qu'une atteinte soit portee au [TRADUCTION]

«role fondamental et aux caracteristiques essentielles du Senat» 66 ou encore que ces

demiers soient mines. Rien dans Ie rapport d'expert de Smith ne contredit cette position

ou ne semble indiquer qu'il se soit ravise.

57. Si les mandats d'une duree determinee non renouvelables ne sont pas en general

incompatibles avec Ie [TRADUCTION] «role fondamental et les caracteristiques essentielles

du Senat », et si les exigences de [TRADUCTION] «continuite et de perspective a long

terme » se traduisent par un mandat a duree determinee qui s' etend sur trois legislatures,

alors la question du mandat d'une duree determinee de neuf ans non renouvelable prevue

dans Ie projet de loi C-7 devrait relever du pouvoir de modification unilateral du

Parlement, comme Ie prevo it I' art. 44 de la Loi constitutionnelle de 1982. Dans tous les

63. Smith, «The Improvement of the Senate by Nonconstitutional Means» in Joyal, ed. Protecting Canadian Democracy, 259. 64. Idem 65. Idem 66. Idem, 259-260.

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140

cas, il existe peu de donnees empmques qui laissent entendre que ces modifications

pourraient avoir une incidence considerable sur les mandats actuels des senateurs, ce qui

signifie que leur capacite a assurer une continuite et une perspective a long terme ne

serait pas minee. En l'absence d'une preuve contraire dans son rapport d'expert, il [aut

conclure que Smith lui-meme accepterait la proposition vis ant un mandat a duree

determinee non renouve1able par Ie biais de l'art. 44 de la Loi constitutionnelle de 1982.

41

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CONCLUSION

58. On a constate qu' en ce qui a trait au Senat [TRADUCTION] «les propositions de

rMonne institutionnelle ont parfois ete appuyees par des revendications trop

ambitieuses. »67. On pourrait egalement dire qu'on s'est oppose a ces memes propositions

du fait de mises en garde trop exagerees de consequences desastreuses. Certes, c' est ce

qui semble Sire Ie cas pour ce qui est des opinions d'expert foumies au nom du

gouvemement du Quebec et des intervenants. Leur analyse du projet de loi C-7 repose

sur une comparaison entre un ensemble de consequences hypothetiques et un Senat

idealise qui ne l' est ni sur Ie plan conceptuel ni sur Ie plan empirique.

Quels sont les arguments avances?

• Le facteur portant sur la voie elective du projet de loi C-7 minera la capacite

du Senat a representer les minorites ou d'autres groupes politiquement sous-

representes; cependant, ce n'est pas la maniere dont les concepteurs du Senat

concevaient la representation, et en tout etat de cause, les donnees empiriques

indiquent que Ie processus nominatif actuel n 'a pas mieux reussi a atteindre

ces objectifs que Ie processus electoral choisi pour la Chambre des communes.

• La transition entre un processus nominatif et electoral minera plus

particulierement la capacite du Senat a representer les francophones autres que

ceux du Quebec; cependant, les donnees empiriques indiquent que meme dans

Ie cadre d'un processus nominatif, on a constate des lacunes de taille a l'egard

d'une telle representation dans des regions importantes du Canada.

• Le projet de loi C-7 limitera indument Ie pouvoir du premier ministre de

recommander des nominations au Senat; cependant, meme un des specialistes

67 . F. Leslie Seidle, "Democratic Reform: The Search for Guiding Principles," dans Courtney and Smith, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Canadian Politics, 524.

42

142

du gouvemement du Quebec ne juge pas aussi problematique qu'on s'entende

sur une nomination qui se fasse a partir d'une liste dressee par une autre

entite.

• Le facteur portant sur la VOle elective mmera l'independance du Senat;

cependant, il s'agissait du mandat non renouvelable et non du mode de

nomination qui a ete juge comme etant la garantie determinante de

l'independance, que ce soit a l'egard de l'executif ou de l'electorat. Un

mandat determine non renouve1able veille a ce que la duree du mandat ne

depende pas des autres, et preserve l'independance en interdi s ant aux

senateurs de chercher a renouveler leur mandat. II leur permet egalement de

deleguer leurs responsabilites de representation a titre de delegataires et non

de delegues.

• Le projet de loi C-7 minera la continuite et la perspective a long terme du

processus legislatif; cependant, Ie mandat d'une duree de neuf ans comme Ie

prevoit Ie projet de loi C-7, n' est pas substantiellement different de la duree

historique du mandat des senateurs. En outre, il permet la continuite du

mandat des senateurs pendant au moins une duree moyenne de trois

legislatures.

59. Le projet de loi C-7 propose une serie moderee de ref ormes visant Ie mode de

nomination et la duree du mandat des senateurs. Ces reformes n'auront aucune

repercussion importante sur les caracteristiques fondamentales ou essentielles du Senat.

43

143

Annex 1: Table of all senators with their biographical information

ANNEXEI

<:j<

<:j<

t:"i o ~ E E ,5

13 :E c. ~ 8' :a ... 'Qi :5 .<::

~ ~ .8 '" c: Q)

'" ro '0 Q)

:0 ~

x Q) c: ~

NAME Al'lder~Qn,Jor.n Hawkins

Chandler, Edward Barron

Todd,William

Fergusson

Bosse,Joseph-Noel

Wier,BenJamin

Crawford,George

McCully,Jonathan

Ritchie, John William

McCrea, Walter

Juchereau

Ross,John

Jucherau

SliI,CalebRand

Mltchell,Peter

Sanborn, John Sewall

Matheson,Roderick

Tessier, Ulric Joseph

Burnham, AsaAliworth

Olivier, Louis Auguste

Renaud,Louis

Leslie,James

Steeves, William Henry

alake,Oliver

locke,John

Mllls,Samuel

Hazen, Robert Leonard

Malhlot,Charles

Foster,AsaBelknap

Kenl'ly,Edward

Holmes,Johrl

Robertson,John

LeteliierdeSt-Just,Luc

Wllsarl,Charles

Shaw,James

Lacoste,Louis

McDonald,Donald

Wilmot, Robert Duncan

Seymour,Benjamin

Chflstie, David

Skead,James

Dumouchel,Leandre

Hamllton,John

Bureau,Jacques-Olivier

Pnce, David Edward

Bourinot, John

Dickson, Walter Hamilton

Slmpson,John

CampbeU,Ale~ander

Hamilton, John

Cormier, Charles

McMaster,Wiliiam

Ferrler,James

Ferguson,John

Ryan,Thomas

Archibald, Thomas Dickson

leonard,Elijah

Odell,WiliiamHunter

Botsford,Amos Edw!r\

Flint, Billa

Chaffers, Wilham Henry

Guevremont, Jean-Baptiste

Macpherson, David LeWis

McClelan,AbnerReid

Reesor,David

DaB

IBI9.01.01

1793

PoUtluJ Age

Affiliation at nomInation App'\

Canada

Canada

Canada

(1867·1942)

Canada

(1867-1942)

Canada

{1867-1942}

Canada

(1867-1942)

(1867-1942)

(1867·1942)

Conservative

Conservative

Caflada

(1867·1942)

Canada

(1867-1942)

Caflada

(1867-1942)

(1867-1942)

Canada

Canada

Caflada

(1867-1942)

(1867·1942)

Canada

(1867-1942)

(1867-1942)

(1867-1942)

Canada

liberal

(1867-1942)

{1867-1942}

(1867-1942)

Canada

(1867·1942)

(1867-1942)

Canada

(1867-1942)

/1867-1942}

(1867·1942)

Caflada

(1867·1942)

Conservative

(1867-1942)

Caflada

(1867-1942)

(1867·1942)

LIberal

Caflada

(1867·1942)

(1867-1942)

Conservative

COflservative

Canada

(1867-1942)

(1867-1942)

Caflada

Canada

(1867·1942)

(1867-1942)

Canada

Canada

ProvInce/ Appoinledon Dateo! End of Territory the advl(e of App't App't

62 N.S. Proclamation 1867.10.23 1870.12.24

67 N.B. Proclamation 1867.10.23 1867.10.23

64 N.B. Proclamation 1867.10.23 1867.10.23

51 Ontario Pro(iamatlon 1867.10.23 1867.12.29

59 Quebec Proclamation 1867,10.23 1868.01.01

62 N.S. Proclamation 1867.10.23 1868.0414

74 Ontario Proclamation 1867.10.23 1870.07.04

58 N.S. Proclamation 1867.10.23 1870.09.28

59 N.S. Proclamation 1867,10.23 1870.09.28

56 Ontario Proclamation 1867.10.23 1871.01.05

57 Quebec Proclamation 1867.10.23 1871.01.07

49 Ontario Prodamatlon 1867.10.23 1871.01.31

58 Quebec Proclamation 1867.10.23 1871.05.12

61 N.S. Proclamation 1867.10.23 1872.02.01

43 N.B. Prociamatiofl 1867.10.23 1872.07.13

48 Quebec Prodamatiofl 1867.10.23 1872.10.01

74 Ontario Prodamatlon 1867.10.23 1873.01.13

50 Quebec Prodamatiofl 1867.10.23 1873.02.11

59 Ontario Proclamatiofl 1867.10.23 1873.05.10

SO Quebec Prodamatlofl 1867,10.23 1873.09.08

49 Quebec Prodamation 1867.10.23 1873.10.01

81 Quebec Proclamation 1867.10.23 1873.12.06

53 N,B. Proclamation 1867.10.23 1873.12.09

64 Ontario Proclamallofl 1867.10.23 1873.12.10

42N.S. Proclamation 1873.12.12

60 Ofltarlo Proclamatlofl 1867.10.23 1874.01.24

59 N.B. Prodamatlon 1867.10.23 1874.08,15

59 Quebec Proclamation 1867.10.23 1874.11.09

50 Quebec Proclamation 1867.10.23 1876.02.10

67 N.S. Proclamation 1867.10.23 1876.04.11

78 N.S. Prodamation 1867.10.23 1876.06.03

68 N.B. Proclamatiofl 1867.10.23 1876.08.03

47 Quebec Proclamatlofl 1867.10.23 1876.12.14

59 Quebec Proclamation 1867.10.23 1877.05.04

70 Ontario Proclamation 1867.10.23 1878.02.06

G9Quebec Proclamatlofl 1867.10.23 1878.11.26

51 Ontario Proclamatiofl 1867.10.23 1879.01.20

58 N.B. Proclamation 1867.10.23 1880.02.10

61 Ofltario Prodamatlon 1867.10,23 1880.03.23

49 Ontario Proclamation 1867.10.23 1880.12.15

50 Ontario Proclamatlofl 1867,10.23 1881.01.20

56 QlIebec Proclamation 1867.10.23 1882.09,23

65 Ofltarlo Prodamatlofl 1867.10.23 1882.10.10

47 Quebec Proclamation 1867.10.23 1883.02.07

41 Quebec Proclamallon 1861.10.23 1883.08.22

53 N.S. Proclamation 1867.10.23 1&84.01.21

61 Ontario Proclamatiofl 1867.10.23 1884.02.14

55 OMado Proclamation 1867.10.23 1885.03,21

45 Ontario Proclamation 1867.10.23 1887.02.07

39 Quebec Proclamation 1867,10,23 1887.05.01

54 Quebec Prodamatlon 1867.10.23 1887.05.07

550fltario Prodamation 1867.10.23 1887.09.22

67 Quebec Prodamatiol1 1867.10,23 1888.05.30

53 N.B. Proclamation 1867.10.23 1888.08.21

63 Quebec Proclamation 1867.10.23 1889.05.25

54 NoS. Proclamatlofl 1867.10.23 1890.10.18

53 Ontario ProdamaUofl 1867.10.23 1891.05,14

55 N.B. Prodamatlon 1867.10.23 1891.07.25

63 N.B. Proclamation 1867.1023 1894.03.19

62 Ontario Proclamation 1867.10.23 1894.06.15

40 Quebec Proclamatlofl 1867.10.23 1894.07.19

41 Quebec Proclamation 1867.1023 1896.06.14

49 Ofltario Prodamatlon 1867.10.23 1896.08.16

36 N.B. Proclamation 1867.10.23 1896.12.09

44 Ontario Prociamatiofl 1867.10.23 1901.01.01

Age at

Methodofend undof ofapPO!fltment App't

Death

Appointment

Appointment

Death

Resignation

Death

Death

Reslgnatiofl

ReslgflatlOfl

Resignation

Resignation

Death

Death

Death

ReSignation

Resignatlofl

Death

Resignation

Death

Resigflatlon

ResignaliOfl

Death

Death

Death

Oeath

Death

Death

Death

Resignation

Resignatlofl

Death

Death

Resigflatlofl

Death

Death

Oeath

Death

Resignation

Death

Death

Reslgflatiofl

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Resigflatlofl

Death

Resignation

Re$lgnaUofl

Death

Death

Death

Oeath

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Resignation

Death

Reslgflatiofl

ReSlgnatlOfl

Career Sex profiles

65M Merchant

67 M Admlnls1rator,

64M Businessman

52M la~er 60 M Judge, lawyer

62M Merchant

77 M Contrac10r

61 M lawyer

62 M lawyer

60 M Lawyer

61 M lawyer

52 M lawyer

61 M Lawyer

66M Farmer

48 M lawyer

53M

80M Military

55 M Dean

65 M Farmer

56 M Lawyer

54 M Miller, produce dealer

87M Merchan1

59 M Merchant

71M Clerk 48M Merchant

67 M Businessman

66 M Lawyer

66M PhYSician

58 M Merchaflt

75M Manager

87M

77 M Businessman

56 M No1ary

69M Businessman

81M Merchan1

80 M No1ary

63 M lands~lVeyor 70 M Shipper

74M Farmer

62 M Fiilfmer

64M merohaflt

71 M Physk:ian

80 M ShipOWfler

63 M Notary

S7M Lumbefmerchant

69 M Merchant

78 M lawyer

72 M Merchant

64 M lawyer

S9M Lumberrnafl

73 M Miller

75M Wholesaler

87M Merchant

74M Merchan1

84M Wholesaler

77 M Merchant

76M Foundryman

79 M lawyer

89 M Judge

89M Merchan!

66 M Merchan1

69 M Farmer

77 M Contrac1or

65 M Merchant

77 M Manu!ac1urer

Prior Political E~per. Yeers otMontha oOaya of S4Servlee In JServlce In lAboriClnal Mlnorl

3 2 3 1160 3,17

w u u u u u u u u u u u u u g

g

g

g

W m II

n D D H H H

• • • •

u u

8

U

10

U

1

u u

u

11

U

D

69

72

175

13 987

8 1073

8 1073

15 1172

17 1174

10 1197

20 1298

11 1563

22 1727

11 1807

24 1911

22 1940

19 2028

18 2149

11 2172

16 2238

18 2240

20 2242

22 2244

3 2286

25 2490

18 2575

20 3033

20 3094

12 3147

0,00

0,00

0,19

0,20

0,48

2,70

2,94

2,94

3,21

3,21

3,28

3,55

4,28

4,73

4,95

5,23

5,31

5,55

5,88

5,95

6,13

6,13

6,14

6,14

6,26

6,82

7,05

8,30

8,47

8,62

3209 8,79

24 3342 9,15

13 3483 9,54

17 3761 10,30

4053 11,10

30 4109 11,25

20 4494 12,30

4536 12,42

25 4804 13,15

12 5765 15,78

5450 14,92

20 5468 14,97

17 5587 15,30

31 5784 15,83

31 5936 16,25

24 5959 16,32

30 6361 17,42

17 7048 19,30

9 7131 19,52

15 7137 19,54

7276 19,92

8 7526 20,61

31 7610 20,83

7886 21,59

28 8398 22,99

22 8605 23,56

8678 23,76

27 9645 26,41

23 9733 26,65

27 9767 26,74

n 10463 28,65

26 10527 28,82

19 10642 29,14

11 12125 33,20

LanguacelReUglon

Mean Mediafl Mode

original 14,7 13,7 15,8

,II 13,9 12,8 ',3

14,6 13,6 15,8

39-41 14,6 15,2

l!')

"'" t:""I .2 <ti E ~ 13 :c 0. ~ Cl o :c '-

~ :5 ·3 ~ o <ti c: Q) <n

co '0 Q)

::0 ~

x Q) c: c: «

Armilnd,Jo5ephfran~ojS

Dicke .... , Robert Sarry

Wark,Dilvld

Miller,Wllliam

Aikins,JamesCo~

Allan,GeorgeWililam

BeJleau,Narcisse-Fortuna!

Cauchon,J05ephEdouard

(hapais,lean·Charles

Benson, James Rea

GlaSler, Johll

Dever, James

Woodbury

Northup, Jeremiah

Macfarlane, Alexander

Perrv,Ebl!neler

Smlth,Frank

Churchlll,Eua

Panel,Louls

Read,Robert

Chaussagros

Carrall,RobertWlliiamWeir

Cornwall,Clementfrano;is

Girard,Mare-Amable

Sutherland,lohn

Macdonald,WllIiamJohn

Newman

Cochrane, Matthew Henrv

Mwrhead,Wiliiam

Vidal,All!under

Olivier

Chinlc,Eugene

Alexander,George

Belierase, Joseph Hya(mthe

Haviland, Thomas Healh

Howlan, George Wilham

Haytrmrne, Robert Poore

Montgomery,Donald

Anselme

Brown,George

Penny,EdwardGoff

5t:Ott,RlchardWiliiam

Panet,Charies-Eugene

Bailiargeon,Pierre

Paquel,AnselmeHomere

Fabre,Heclor

Slevens,GardnerGreen

POler,Chrlstlan Henry

Lewin, James Davies

Hope,Adam

Grant, Robert Patterson

Pantal!!!on

Power,LawrenceGeoffreV

Thlbaudeau,Joseph-Rosaire

Brouse, William Henry

Charles Eugene

Bull,HarcourtBuriand

Almon,WililamJohnslon

Nelson, Hugh

Carvell,JededlahSJa$on

Bovd,John

Gibbs, Thomas Nicholson

Northwood,Joseph

Howlan, George Wilham

Skead,James

Mcinnes, Thomas Robert

Macinnes, Donald

Ogilvie,AJexandetWalker

1822.01,09 1808.1020

1516.01.27

lB3Q.05.25

(1867-1942)

(1867-1942)

Canada

Conserllative

Conservative

Conservative

(1867-1942)

Conservative

(1867-1942)

Conservative

Canada

Canada

Conservative

181SCanada

(1867-1942)

1798(1867-1942)

(1867·1942)

Conservative

/1867-1942)

(1867-1942)

(1867-1942)

/1867_1942}

/1867-1942}

(1867-1942)

Conservative

/1867-1942}

/1867-1942}

/1867-1942}

Canada

(1867-1942)

(1867·1942)

(1867-1942)

Conservative

(1867-1942)

{1867-1942}

Canada

Canada

(1867-1942)

{1867-1942}

Canadil

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

NatIOnalist

Canada

Nationalist

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Reformer

{1867-1942}

(1867-1942)

Conservative

Conservative

(1867·194~)

Conservative

Conservative

Canada

(1867-1942)

Independent

Conservative

(1867-1942)

46 Quebec

54 N.S.

63 N.B.

32 N.S.

440ntano

45 Ontario

59 Quebec

50 Quebec

56 Quebec

Proclamiltion 1867.10.23 1903.01.01

Proclamation 1867.1023 1903.07.14

Proclamation 1867.10.23 1905.08.20

Proclamation 1867.1023 1912.02.23

Proclamation 1867.10.23 1882.05.30

Proclamation 1867.10.23 1901.07.24

Proclamation 1867,10.23 1867,10.23

Proclamation 1867.11.02 1872.06.30

John 1868.01.30 1885.07,17

610ntano John 1868.03.14 1885.03.18

1868.03.14 1894.07.07

1868.03.14 1904.05.07

1869.06.21 1881.05.20

1870.10.10 1879.04,10

1870.10.10 1898.12.14

1871.02.02 1876.05.01

1871.02.02 1900.01.01

1871.02.Q3 1874.05.08

58 N.B. John

42 N.B. John

44 N.S. John

54 N.S John

52 N.S. John

83 Qntarlo John

480nlarlo John

67 N,S, John

76Qllebec John 1874.03.26

56 Ontano John 1871.02.24 1896.06.29

53 Quebec John 1871.12.13 1876.04,11

34 B.C. John 1871.12.13 1879,09.19

35 B.C. John 1871.12.13 1881.07.01

49 Manitoba John 1871.12,13 1892.09.12

50 Manitoba John 1871.12.13 1899.0413

39B.C. John 1871.12.13 1915.04.13

41 N.S. John 1872.03.27 1896.01.08

46 Quebec John 1872.10.17 1903.08.12

53 N.B. John 1873.01.04 1884.12.29

53 Ontario John 187301.15 1906.11.18

52 Quebec John 1873.02.20 1874.01.08

54 Quebec John 1973.0410 1882.11.03

59 Ontario Jonn 1873.05.30 1891.05.29

53 Quebec John 1873.10.07 1899.08.13

50 P.E.1. John 1873.10.18 1879.07.01

38 P.E.I. John 1873.10.18 1880.12.27

57 P.E.1. John 1873,10.18 1891.05.07

65P.E.I. John 1873,10.18 1893.07.31

35 Quebec .lohn 1873.10.31 1890.01.17

55 Ontario Alexander 1873.12.16 1880.05.09

53 Quebec Alexander 1874,03.13 1881.10.11

49 Ontario Alexander 1874.03.13 1913.04.~3

44 Quebec Alexander 1874.03.27 1875.02.04

61 Quebec A!exander 1874.03.27 1891.12.15

44 Quebec Alexander 1874.12.09 1891.12.22

40 Quebec Alexander 1875.02.05 1882.07.12

61 Quebec Alexander 1876.02.12 1892.04.15

40 Quebec Alexander 1876.09.20 1884.07.18

64 N.B. Alexander 1876.11.10 1900.03.11

63 OntariO Alexander 1877.01.03 1882.08.07

62 N.S. Alexander 1877.02.02 1892.11.13

40 Quebec Alexander 1877.02.02 1904.09.01

35 N.S. Alexander 1877.02.02 1921.09.12

40 Quebec Alexander 1878.01.04 1909.06.16

54 OntariO

56 Quebec

54 Ontario

63 N.S.

49B.C.

47P.E.I.

53 N.B

59 OntariO

710ntano

45PE.1.

64 Ontario

418.C.

57 Ontario

52 Quebec

Alexander

John

John

John

John

Jonn

John

John

Johrl

John

John

John

John

John

1878.08.09 1881.08.23

1879.02.12 1915.09.10

1879.02.24 1881.08.12

1879.04.15 1901.02.18

1879.12.12 1887.03,01

1879.12.18 1889.07.03

1880.02.11 1893.09.21

1880.04.03 1883.04.07

1880.05.19 1886.10.29

1881.01.05 1891.02.18

1881.12.24 1884.07.05

1881.12.24 1897.11.18

1881.12.24 1900.12.02

1881.12.24 1901.01.18

Dealh

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Appointment

Resignation

Death

Death

Death

Death

Resignation

Death

Death

Death

Resignation

Death

Resignation

Death

Resignation

Death

Resignation

Death

Resignation

Resignation

Death

Death

Death

Death

Resignation

Resignation

Resignation

Death

Resignation

Resignation

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

ReSignation

Death

Death

Resignation

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Resignation

Resignation

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Resignation

ReSignation

Resignation

Oeath

Death

Resignation

Death

Resignation

Death

Resignation

~M

mM illM nM ~M

~M

~M

HM HM

Farmer

Lav.Yer

Merchant

Lawyer Farmer

Lawy,,,

Lawyer

Editor

Merchant

78 M M~1et

84 M Lumbar mercha~t

79M Merchant

56 M Shipbuilder

63 M Shipowner

80 M Lawyer 88 M Merchant

77 M Grocery Wholesaler

70 M Shipbuilder

80M Notary

81 M Farmer

58 M Lawyer

42 M Physician

45 M Aan~her 70 M Notary

77M Farmer

82M Merchant

65 M Lawyer

79 M Rancher

65M Miller

87 M Land surveyor

53 M Dean

64 M Merchant

77 M Farm8f

79 M Businessman

56 M Notary

45M Merchant

75M Magistrate

85 M Farmer

51 M Editor

61 M Publisher

61 M Joornalist

88 M Lawyer 45 M Lawyer 79 M PhysiCian

61 M Professor

47 M Editor

77M Manager

48 M Lawyer

87 M Businessman

69 M Bwsinessman

78 M Merchant

67 M Lawyer

80 M Lawyer

71 M Business Executive

UM .M UM aM .M uM ~M

aM nM HM OM

UM MM 21M

Physician

Physician

Publisher

pr~lessor Lumbetmerchant

Merchant

Merchant

Produce dealer

Mefchanl

Merchant

lumberman

Physician

Merchant

Miller

35 35

37 44

" 33

o

17

17

26

36

11

" 5

28

3

25

20

27

43

" 30

11

33

17

25

20

17

19

16

39

17

17

16

7

" 15

27

44

31

36

21

7

" 20

15

15

18

19

10

10

11

10

10

11

10

8

20

10

10

2

10

11

10

21

29

29

18

12855

13048

13817

16195

8469

12329

1

1703

6379

35,19

35,72

37,83

44,34

23,19

33,76

0.00

4,66

17,47

5 6214 17,01

25 9613 26,32

24 13203 36,15

30 4352 11,92

3106 8,50

6 10294 28,18

30 1917 5,25

30 10561 28,92

1191 3,26

15 1141 3,12

6 9259 25,35

30 1582 4,33

8 2839 7,77

20 3490 9,55

7581 20,76

9985 27,34

30 15827 43,33

14 8689 23,79

25 11256 30,82

26 4379 11,99

12361 33,84

19 323 0,89

26 3496 9,57

31 6575 18,00

9443 25,85

14 2084 5,70

5 7919 21,68

20 6412 17,55

14 7228 19,79

19 5924 16,22

25 2338 6,40

31 2770 7,58

11 14286 39,11

11 315 0,86

21 6474 17,72

14 6223 17,04

6 2715 7,43

5909 16,18

29 2860 7,83

30 8522 23,33

2043 5,59

12 5765 15,78

29 10073 27,58

9 16293 44,61

11 11486 31,45

15 1111

28 13360

18 901

6 7981

20 2638

17 3487

11 4972

1100

12 2356

7371

12 5765

26 5809

10 6919

25 6965

3.04

36,58

2,47

21,85

7,22

9,55

13,61

3,01

6,45

20,18

15,78

15,90

18,94

19,07

1.0 o::j'

'2 o ~ E ~ ~ :.c 0. ~ C'> o :0 "-'iii ;; ;; .~

~ .8 ctI c:: Q) Vl

iii '0 Q)

J5 ~

~ c:: c:: «

McKay, Thomas

O'Oonohoe, Jotm

Schultz,JohnChnstlan

Rodrigue

Robitaille,louis

Plumb,JosiahBurr

Deblois, Pierre Anlolne

Ross,JamesGibb

Turner,James

Lacoste,Alexandre McKtrldsl!y,GeorgeCrawford 1829,03,29

McMlllan,Donald

McDonald,William

Bolduc,Joseph

Robitallle,Theodore

Gowan, James Robert

Sulllvan,Michael

Ciemow,Francis

Poirier,Pascal

Cassraln, Charles Eusebe

Merner, Samuel

S~necal, louis Adelard

McCallum, Lachlin

5anford,WlliiamEli

Ross, Jonn Jones

Abbott,JohnJosephCaldweli 1821.03,12

Fortln,Pienl!

Rolland,lean-Baptlste

Macdonald,John

Hardisly, Richard Charles

Perlev, William Dell

Reid, James

Rodler,Charies-Seraphin

Price,EvanJohn

Alexander

Murphy,Edward

Prow~e,Samtlel

BOtllton, Charles Arkoll

Lougheed,JamesAle)(ander

Rodrigue

Mclaren,Peter

Tasse,Joseph

Montplaisir,Hippolyte

Howlan, George William

Carllng,John

Snowball,JabuBtlnting

Archibald

Dobson, John

Philippe-Robert

Desjardlm,Alphonse

Fllrguson,John

Bernler,Thomas-Alfred

Pnmrose,Clarence

Bowell,Mackenlle

Angers, Ayguste Real

Kirchhoffer, John Nesbitt

Burns,KennedyFrancis

Ferguson, Donald

Arsenault, Joseph Octave

Balrd,GeorgeThomas

Wood,Josiah

Villeneuve, Joseph Octave

O'Brien,James

Hlngston,WiliiamHaies

OWens,William

Baker, George Barnard

Adams,Michael

Aikins,JamesCO~

Conservative

ConservatIVe

Conservative

(1867-1942)

(1867-1942)

(1867-1942)

(1867·1942)

(1867-1942)

ConservaUve

(1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

(1867-1942)

(1861·1942)

Conservative

(1867-1942)

Conservative

(1867-1942)

(1867·1942)

Conservative

(1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

Conservative

(1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

Conservative

(1867-1942)

(1867·1942)

tiberal

(1867-1942)

(1861·1942)

Conservative

(1867·1942)

(1867-1942)

(1867-1942)

Conservative

Conservative

Conservative

Conservative

(1867·1942)

(1867-1942)

(1867.1942)

Conservative

Canada

Conservative

Canada

Conservative

(1867·1942)

(1867-1942)

(1867-1942)

(1867·1942)

(1867-1942)

Conservative

(186i-1942)

Conservative

(1867·1942)

Canada

(1867-1942)

(1867-1942)

(1867-1942)

(1867-1942)

(1867-1942)

Conservallve

(1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

Conservative

Conservative

Conservative

42 N.S. John 1881.12.24 1912.01.13

58 Ontario John 1882.05.21 1902.12.07

42 Manitoba John 1882.09.23 1888.07.01

56 Quebet John 1882.09.29 1887.02.01

46 Quebec John 1883.02.08 1884.12.28

66 Ontario John 1883.02.08 1888.03.12

67 Quebec John 1883.02.13 1898.06.21

64 Quebec John 1884.01.11 1888.10.01

57 Ontario John 1884.01.11 1889.10.10

41 Quebec John 1884.01.11 1891.09.15

54 Ontario John 1884.01.11 1901.02.12

48 Ontario 10hn 1884.01.11 1914.07.26

48 N.S. John 1884.05.12 1916.07.04

37 Quebec John 1884.10.03 1924.08.13

51 Quebec John 1885.01.29 1897.08.17

69 Ontario John 1885.01.29 1907.02.25

460nlarlo John 1885.01.29 1912.11.29

sa Ontario John 1885.Q2.03 1902.05.28

33 N.B. John 1933.09.25

61 Ontario John 1887.01.12 1907.03.08

630ntano John 1887.01.12 1908.08.11

57 Quebec John 1887.01.25 1887,10.11

sa Ootario Jonn 1887.02.04 1903.01.13

4B Ontario John 1887.02 08 1899.07.10

55 Quebec John 1887.04.12 1901.05.04

66 Quebec John 1887.05.12 1893.10.30

63 Quebec John 1887.05.13 1888.06.15

72 Quebec John 1887.1022 1888.03.22

62 Ontano Johfl 1887.11.09 1890.02.04

56 NWT John 1888.02.23 1889.10.15

50 NWT John 1888.08,03 1909.07.15

49 B.C. John 1888.10.08 1904.05.03

70 Quebec

4SQuebec

59 Quebec

70 Quebec

54P.E.i.

48 Manitoba

35NWT

48 Quebec

560nlarlo

42 Quebec

51 Quebec

55p.E.I.

63 Ontario

53 N.B.

62 P.E.1.

61 Ontario

46 Quebec

51 Quebec

53 Ontario

48 Manjtoba

62 N.S.

68 Ontario

55 Quebec

44 Manitoba

51 N.8.

54 P.E I.

66 P.E.!.

47 N.B.

52 N.8.

&9 Quebec

59 Quebec

66 Quebec

SSQuebec

61 Quebec

50 N.8.

72 Ontario

John 1888.12.01

John 1888.12.01

John 1888.12.01

John 1889.05.30

John 1889.09.14

John 1889.12.10

John 1889.12.10

John 1890.02.03

John 1890.02.21

John 1891.02.09

John 1891.02.09

John 1891.03.25

John 1891.04.27

john 1891.05.01

John 1891.05.11

Joseph 1892.02.23

JO$eph 1892.02.23

Joseph 1892.10.01

joseph 1892.10.01

Joseph 1892.10.27

Joseph 1892.11.28

JohnSparrow 1892.12.05

JohnSparrow 1892.12.16

JohnSparrow 1892.12.16

JohnSparrow 1893.03.21

John 5parrow 1893.09.04

MackenZie 1895.02.18

MackenZie 1895.06.19

Mackenzie 1895.08.05

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Mackenzie 1896.01.02

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Mackenzie 1896.01.02

Mackenlie 1896,01.07

Mackenzie 1896.01.07

Mackenzie 1896.01.07

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1919.05.23

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1894.02.01

1892.02.17

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1912.03.21

1907.01,27

1919.12.20

1896.06.16

1896.09.22

1908.12.30

1902.12.02

1917.12.10

1896.06.10

1914.12.22

1895.06.23

1909.09.04

1897.12.14

1917.04.21

1912.03.12

1901.06.27

1903.05.28

1907.02.19

1917.06.08

1910.02.09

1899.01.01

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Death

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78 M lawyer

48 M Physician

53 M lawyer

48 M Physician

71 M Bank Manager

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69 M Wholesaler

63 M Merch~nt 49 M Pro/essotoflaw

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79 M Physician

78 M Poalmaster

77 M Lumber merchant

63 M Physician

91 M lawYer

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Carllng,John

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Mowat,Oliver

Bechard, Fran~ois

Thibaudeau, Alfred

M!ils,Dalild

COlC,GeorgeAlbertus

Lovitt,John

King, George Gerald

Flset,Jean.SaptlsteRomlJald 1843.02.07

Templeman,Wllllam

Dandurand,Raoul

Paquel,JosephArthur

Yeo,John

Carmichael,JamesWiIIlam

Kerr,Wllliam

McSweeney,Peter

Fulford, George Taylor

Watson,Robert

BabV

Young, Finlay McNaughlon

Burpee,Charles

Shehvn,Joseph

Gillmor, Arthur HIli

EllIs,JohnVaJentine

Wood, Andrew Trew

Mackay, Robert

Jones,tvmanMelvin

McHugh, George

landerkin, George

Godbout,Joseph

Mivilll!

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Pemberton

Belque,Fted4!rkLiguori

Chutch,CharlesEdward

McMuilen,James

Glbson,William

legns, Joseph Hormisdas

Curry, Rufus

Coffey,Thomas

Frost, FtancisTheodore

Kerr, James Kirkpatrick

Tessier,Jules

Edwards,W(lIiamCameron

Domv!Ue,James McGregor, J .. mes Drummond 1asa.09.01

David,Laurent-Olivler

Cloran, Henry Joseph

Mitchell,Wiliiam

Wllsofl,JohnHenry

Bostock, Hewitt

Black, Thomas Reuben

Cartwnght, Richard John

Davis. Thomas Osborne

Choquette,PhilippeAuguste

Ross, James Hamilton

Ross,Wiliiam

RoY,Phllippe

Jaffray, Robert

Talbot, Peter

Douglas, James Moffat

DeVeber, leverett George

Rlley,George

Comeau,Ambroise·Hilalre

Ross,GeorgeWilham

(1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

Conservative

(1867·1942)

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Caflada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

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Canada

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Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

liberal

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

56 N.5.

77 N.B.

Mackenzie 1896.02.21 1915.10.15

Mackenzie 1896.04.23 1899.08.25

68 Ontario

43 Quebec

7500tario

66 Quebec

35 Quebec

Mackenzie 1896,04.23 1911.11.06

Charles 1896.06.15 1911.04.07

Wilfrid 1896.07.15 1897.11.17

Wilfrid 1896.07.17 1897.04.13

Wilfrid 1896.08.22 1926.08.15

6500(ario Wilfrid

56 Ontario Wilfrid

64N.S. Wilfrid

60N.B. Wilfrid

54 Quebec Wilfrid

55 B.c. Wilfrid

36 Quebec Wilfrid

40 Quebec Wilfrid

64P.E.1. Wilfrid

79N,5. Wilfrid

63 Ontario Wllfnd

S6N.B. Wilfrid

470ntano Wilfrid

46 Manitoba Wilfrid

43 Quebec Wilfrid

47 MaOlloba Wilfrid

82N.B. Wilfrid

70 Quebec Wilfrid

76N.B. Wilfrid

65N.B. Wilfrid

74 Ontario Wilfrid

60 Quebec Wilfrid

570rrtario Wilfrid

550ntaM Wilfrid

61 Ontario Wilfrid

so Quebec Wilfrid

53 Quebec Wilfrid

61p.E.1. Wilfrid

55N.B. Wilfrid

56 Quebec Wilfrid

67N.5. Wilfrid

68 Ontario Wilfrid

52 Ontario Wilfrid

52 Quebec Wilfrid

43 N.5, Wilfrid

~90ntarlo Wilfrid

59 Ontario Wilfrid

61 Ontario Wilfrid

so Quebec Wilfrid

sa Onlarlo WI!fnd

60 N.B. Wilfrid

64 N.S. Wilfrid

63 Quebec Wilfrid

48 Quebec Wilfnd

52 Quebec Wilfrid

70. Ontario Wilfrid

40B.C. Wilfrid

71 N.S. Wllfnd

68 Ontario Wilfnd

48NWT Wilfrid

50 Quebec W!lfrid

48NWT W!lfrid

eo N.S. Wilfrid

38 Alberta Wilfrid

74 Ontario Wilfrid

51 Alberta Wilfrid

665ask Wilfrid

57 Alberta W!lfnd

62 B.C. Wilfrid

46N,5. Wilfrid

65 Ontario Wllfnd

1896.11.13 1902.02.07

1896.11.13 1914.01.16

1896.12.18 1908.04.13

1896.12.18 1928.04.28

1897.10.20 1917.01.05

1897.11.18 1906.02.16

1898.01.22 1942.03.11

1898.06.27 1901.03.29

1898.11.19 1924.12.14

1898.12.31 1903.04.24

1899.03.15 1906.11.22

1899.03.15 1921.02.02

1900.01.29 1905.10.15

1900.01.29 1929.05.19

1900.01.29 1939.01.06

1900.01.30 1916.02.15

1900.02.01 1900.07.19

1900.02.05 1918.07.14

1900.04.02 1903.04.13

1900.09.03 1913.06.10

1901.0121 1903.01.21

1901.01.21 1916.12.25

1901.01.21 1917,04.15

1901.01.21 1926.11.28

1901.02.16 1903.10.04

1901.04.04 1923.04.01

1901.05.13 1902.05.01

1902.02.07 1915.04.13

1902.02.07 1922.04.27

1902.0207 1933.09.12

1902.02.08 1906.01.Q3

1902.02.11 1913.03.18

1902,02.11 1914.05.04

1903.02.10 1932.03.06

1903.03.12 1905.03.30

1903.03.12 1914.06.08

1903.03.12 1916.08.25

1903.03.12 1916.12.Q4

1903.03,12 1934.01.06

1903.03.17 1921.09.17

1903.04.20 1921.07.30

1903.04.24 1910.10.01

1903.06.19 1926.08.24

1903.06.30 1928.02.08

1904.03.05 1926.05.10

1904.03.08 1912.07.03

1904.06.06 1930.04.28

1904.06.10 1905.09.14

1904.09.30 1912.09 24

1904.09.30 1917.01.23

1904.09.30 1919.12.29

1904.09.30 1932.12.14

1905.05.18 1912.03.17

1906.03.08 1911.04.21

1906.03.08 1914.12.16

1906.03.08 1919.12.06

1906.03.08 192008.19

1906.03.08 1925.07.09

1906.03.22 1916.01.19

1907.01.15 1911.08.25

1907.01.15 1914.03.07

Resignation

Death

Death

Death

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Death

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Death

Death

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Death

Death

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76 M Merchant

80 M FafmBt,lurnberman

83 M Brewer

58 M Banicef,sloclcbroker

77 M Lawyer

66M Farmer

65 M BUSiness exooutive. wholesaler

70M Lawyer.tea<:hef

73 M Mflfchant.rea(eslaleagent.lelagrapher

75 M Master mariner. shipowner

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63 M Editor

80 M AUihor.iawyer

43 M Merchant

90 M Farmer.501powner

83 M BuslnesslTl!lf1.sh(pown(!f

70 M Lawyer

78 M Merchant

53M PharmaCist

76M Businessman InduSITlahst

82M Author. c,vil ang,near. land sulVflY

63 M Farmer

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79 M Farmer, lumbermen

78 M Author.editorloUlnailst

76 M Businessman

76M Wholesaler

73 M Manager

81 M Farmer

64 M Physioian

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'54 M Lumoermerchant

74 M Physician

76 M Notlisled

88 M Lawyer

71 M Merchant.teacher

79 M Merchant

64 M ConlrllClor, engineer

81M Farmer

45 M Manufaclurer.$hIpowner

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72 M Edllor,lawver,~ofassor

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76 M Aulhor,banker.businaesman

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65 M Jud\t"l.lalloY"r 76 M Rancher

87 M Merchant,ehlpbullder

43 M Physician

82 M Grocer

65M Farmer, school principal

81 M Fermef,m,n'sler,msslonary

76 M Phyaician

72 M Merchant

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72 M Journallsl,echool admlnistralor, leacher

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16 5860 16,04

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Glllmor,Oanlel

Beith,Robert

Oessaulles,Georges·Casfmir

Campbell, Artl'ubald

Derbyshire, Damel

Belcourt, Napol~on Antoine

Chevrler,Noe-E,

Ratl,Valentlne

Boyer,Arthur

Prince, Joseph BenJamin

Roche,Wiliiam

Farrell,EdwardMatthew

lavergne,LoUls

Forget,Amedee-Emmarouel

Wilson,Joseph·Marcellin

Prowse, Ben)amin Charles

Bell,Adamearr

Clement

Taylor,George

Pope,Rufus Henry

Danlel,Johf'lWaterhouse

Corby, Henrv

Gordon, George

McKaY,Wllham

Dennis,WiIliam

Murphy,PatrlckCharles

Ross,WltliamBenJamin

Curry,Nathaniel

Glrroir, Edward Lavin

Mason,James

McCan,Ale~ander

Smith,ErneslD'lsraeli

Donnelly,JamesJ.

Thorne, William HeJ'lry

Sproule, Thomas Simpson

Milne,John

MtLean,John

Beaubien,Charles-Phillppe

MtLennan, John Stewart

Sharpe,WIIUamHenry

Clive

Rithardson,HenryWestman

Crosby,AdamSrown

Nlcholls,Frederic

Robertson, Gideon Decker

lVnth·$taunton,George

Tanner,Charies [liiott

Sourque, Thomas·Jean

lalrd,HenryWilloughby

Shatford,lyttonWllmot

Planta,Albert

Fowler, George William

Slam,Rlchard

Fisher, John Henry

L'Esperance, David OVide

McMeans,tendrum

Foster, George Green

White,R!chardSmeaton

MacdoneU, Angus Claude

Benard,Aime

Bartley Schaffner,FrederickLaurencelSS5.OS.1a

Taylor, James Davis

Barnard,GeorgeHenry

Sennett, William Humphrey

Sradbury,GeorgeHenry

Mlthener, Edward

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

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Canada

Canada

Canada

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Canada

Caflada

Caflada

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Callada

(1867·1942)

/1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

Conservative

(1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

(1867-1942)

{1867-1942)

(1867-1942)

(1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

(1867-1942)

(1867-1942)

(1867-1942)

(1867-1942)

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(1867·1942)

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(1867·1942)

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(1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

(186]·1942)

(186]·1942)

(1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

(1867-1942)

(1867·1942)

(1867-1942)

(1867-1942)

(1867-1942)

(1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

(1867·1942)

(1867-1942)

(1867-1942)

71 N.B.

57 N.S.

630fltario

79 Quebec

62 OntariO

60 Ontario

470fltarlo

62 Manitoba

60 Ontario

sa Quebec

545ask

67 N.5.

55 N.5.

64 Quebet

63 Alber1a

51 Quebec

4/lp.E.1.

63 N.5.

Wilfrid

Wllfr!d

WUfrid

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Raber1Laird

1907.01.15 1916.09.29

1907.01.15 1918.02.22

1907.01.15 1922.01.26

1907.03.12 1930.04.19

1907.11.22 1913.01.15

1907.11.22 1916.06.18

1907.11.22 1932.08.07

1909.01.18 1911.10.09

1909.01.18 1924.03.01

1909.06.28 1922.01.24

1909.07.29 1920.10.26

1910.01.12 1925.10.19

1910.01.12 1931.08.06

1910.10.13 1930.01.01

1911.05.Q2 1923.06.08

1911.05.03 1939.01.01

1911.05.05 1930.02.22

1911.10.23 1912.10.30

69 Manitoba Rober1Lalrd 1917.09.01

71 Ontario Robert laird 1911.11.14 1919.03.26

54 Quebec Robert laIrd 1911.11.14 1944.05.16

67 N.B. Robert laird 1912.03.18 1933.01.11

61 Ontario Robert Laird 1912.10.17 1917.04.23

470ntarfo Robert laird 1912.10.17 1942.02.03

65 N.5. Roberttaird 1912.11.20 1915.11.08

5S N.S. Robert laird 1912.11.20 1920.07.11

44p.E.1. Robert laird 1912.11.20 1925.03.06

56 N.S. Robert laird 1912.11.20 1929.01.10

61 N.5. Rober1lalrd 1912.11.20 1931.10.23

41 N.S. Robert Laird 1912.11.20 1932.05.08

69 Ontario Robert laird 1913.05.26 1918.07.16

72 Ofltario Robert laird 1913.05.26 1925.06.10

59 Ofltario Robert laird 1913.05.26 1946.01.10

46 Ontario Rober1Lalrd 1913.05.26 1948.10.20

68 N.B. Robert laird 1913.07.26 1923.07.08

72 Ontario Robert laird 1915.12.03 1917.11.10

760fltario Rober1 Laird 1915,12.03 1922.03.04

69 P.LI. Robert Laird 1915.12.03 1936.02.20

45 Quebec Robert laird 1915.12.03 1949.01.17

62 N.5. Robert Laird 1916.02.10 1939.09.15

47 Manitoba Robert laird 1916.02.10 1942.04.19

45 OntariO Rober1 Laird 1917.01.08 1920.05.02

610fltano Robert Laird 1917.01.20 1918.10.27

57 N.5. Reber1land 1917.01.20 1921.03.10

600ntaTio Robert laird 1917.01.20 1921.10.25

42 Ontario Robert laird 1917.01.20 1933.08.05

58 Ontario Rober11alrd 1917.01.20 1940.03.19

59 N,S. Robert laird 1917.01.20 1946.01.13

53 N.B Roberttalrd 1917.01.20 1952.0216

49 Sask Rober1laird 1917.01,31 1940.0930

44 S.c. Robert laird 1917.06.26 1920.11.08

48 B.C, Robert Laird 1917.06.26 1935.12.11

£,8 N.B. Robert laird 1917.06.29 1924.09.02

59 Ofltario Robert laird 1917.07.26 1926.11.27

62 Ontario Robert laird 1917.07.26 1933.12.01

53 Quebec Rober1Laird 1917.07.26 1941.08.31

57 Maflltoba Robert laird 1917.07.26 1941.09.13

57 Quebec Robert laird 1917,07.27 1931.05.01

52 Quebet Robert laird 1917.07.30 1936.12.17

56 Ontario Robert laird 1917.08.01 1921.01.01

43 Manitoba Robert laird 1917.09,03 1938.01.08

sa 5ask Robert Laird 1917.10.23 1932.08.01

62 Manitoba Robert laird 1917,10.23 1935.05.22

54 B.C. Robert laird 1917.10.23 1941.05.11

49 B.C. Rober1 Laird 1917,10.23 1945.11.08

570lltallo Robert Laird 1917.11.13 1925.03.15

58 Manitoba Robert laird 1917.12.17 1925.09.06

48Alber1a Robert laird 1918.02,05 1947.06.16

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Reslilflatlon

Death

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Death

Death

Resignatiofl

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

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Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Dealh

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Resigtlaliofl

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

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Death

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Death

Death

Death

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Death

Death

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aM ~M

RM mM gM

~M

nM aM ~M

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aM ~M

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Judge

Merchant

Farmer

Admlfllsl1alor

9U!II!1l1ssman.rrder

Dairypropuelor,praduc!ldea$ef,teaertel' t._ Clatrtier,furt'alier

Lumberme.chant Merch!!n!

Fsrmer. mHer, rsncher

Merchant,plls58ngeragent

Prinler,publlsher

Edltor,nollilY

Lawyer

Merchant

Merchant

Aulho'.m~,chant

75 M Cor'espondeflt,edilor

78 M Industrlah~t

86 M Breeder,tarmer

87 M PhYSICian

aM 76 M Lumbermerchanl

68 M Physician

64M Edltor.lourflQilst.pubilsher

56M Physioiafl

73 M Lawyer

80 M BUilding contractor, manuiactunn, miner. railway employee

60M LaWYBf.lectuter

74M Banker

84 M lumbermerchsfll

92 M FrUit grawe', IndU$tnaflst, merchant, nurseryman

81 M lUmberman,presldenllmal'lllger,rllnche.

78M Merahanl

74 M Buslneseman farmer, phYSIC18fl

83M Foundrymafl

89 M Clerk,merchilnt,leacf'\er

69 M lawyer

85M lndustrlallst,publisher

74 M Marchant

49 M Lawyer

63 M Grainmerchan!

61 M Experter, merchant

64 M Nottlsled

58 M Telegrapher

81 M lawyer

88 M Lawyer

87M PhysIcian

72 M Journalist,wholesaklr

47 M Accoufllan1.buslflessman

67M Financial agenl I adviser Icoflsullanl. 'nsurar.ce agen!

65 M lawyer

68 M Mefchilnl

78 M Merchant

17M 82 M lawyer

71 M lawyer

71 M Not~sled

59 M lawyer

64M Farm5l',lln..ncta\8genl/8cNlserloonsull<lnl

73 M Lawyer

79M Physlc;an

17M Pubflsher,repeller

77 M Lawyer

65 M Lawyer

66M Manufacturer

17 M Broker

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23

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19,22

12,11

27,67

18,81

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11 2142 5,86

12 2691 7,37

11874 32,51

27 7606 20,82

1651 4,52

19 10703 29,30

20 1085 2,97

21 2791 7,64

16 4490 12,29

22 5896 16,14

6913 18,93

18 7110 19,47

22 1879 5,14

16 4399 12,04

17 11918 32,63

27 12933 35,41

14 3636 9,95

10 710 1,94

1 2284 6,25

20 7386 20,22

10597 29,01

8619 23,60

10 9567 26,19

24 1211 3,32

8 647 1,77

20 1511 4,14

6 1741 4,17

16 6043 16,54

29 8460 23,16

25 10587 28,99

27 12811 35,07

30 8644 23,67

15 1233 3,37

16 6743 18,46

2624 7,18

3413 9,34

5974 16,36

8803 24,10

20 8816 24,14

6 5028 13,77

20 7082 19,39

1250 3,42

7434 20,35

11 5398 14,78

30 6422 17,58

19 8602 23,55

17 10244 28,05

2681 7,34

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Harmer, Wilham James

Todd,lrvlngRandaii

Ale~ander

Webster,John

Blondin, Pierre ~douard

O'Bnen,MichaeIJa"n

Turrlff,JohnGillimders

Proudfoot, William

White,GeraldVerner

Thomas

Webster,LorneCampbell

Stanfield,John

McDonald,JohnAnthony

Grlesbach,WiUlamAntrobus

McCormick, John

Reid, John Dowsley

Foster,George£ulas

Calder,JamesAleunder

Crothers, ThomasWil~on

Green, Robert Francis

Gillis, Ard-nbald Beaton

Kemp, Albert Edward

Macdonell,ArchlbaldHayes

Black,FrankBunting

Crowe, Sanford Johnston

Martin,PeterFranc:is

McCoig, Archibald Blake

Hardy, Arthur Charles

Pardee,Frederlckforsyth

BOYIH,GustaveBenJamln

Turgeon,Onesiphore

AVlesworth,AlIen Brlslol

CMe, Jean Leon

Haydon. Andrew

Robinson, Clifford William

Lessard,Prosper-Edmond

Bureau,Jacques

Beland. HemlSeverlfl

lewls,John

MurphY,Charies

Hughes, Jame§ Joseph

MacArthur, Creelman

Buchanan, William Ashbury

Rankin, James Palmer

CoPP. Arthur Bliss

Molloy, John Patrick

McDougald. Wilfrid Laurier

Riley, Daniel Edward

Hatfield, Paul lacombe

Graham. George Perry

McGuire, William Henry

Raymond,Donat

Paradls,Philippe-Jacques

laflamme, Napoleon Kemner 1865.10.22

Spence. James Houston

little,EdgarSydney

Gustave

Foster, Walter Edward

Horsey, Henry Herbert

logan. Hance James

Forke, Robert

Wllson,CairineReay 1885.02.04

Murdock,James 1871.08.15

lemieux, Rodolphe 1866.11.01

Parent,Georges 1879.12.1S

Prevost, Jules-tdouard 1871.11.21

Tobin. Edmund William 1865.09.14

Wilson,lawrenceAle)(ander 1863.06.14

Canada

(1867-1942)

{1867-1942}

(1867-1942)

(1867-1942)

Canada

Canada

(Liberal)

(1867-1942)

(1867-1942)

(1867·1942)

(1867-1942)

Independent

(1867-1942)

(1867-1942)

{1867-1942}

(1867·1942)

(1867-1942)

(1867-1942)

(1867-1942)

(1867-1942)

(1867-1942)

(1867-1942)

(1867-1942)

(Liberal)

(1867-1942)

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canad3

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Progressive

liberal Party of

liberal Party of

liberal Party of

liberal Party of

liberal Partv of

liberal Party of

UberalPartyof

45 Alberta

56 N.S.

S70lltarlo

Robert laird 1918.02.05 1947.09.09

Robert Laird 1918.03.07 1932.12.27

Robert Laird 1918.03.12 1927.10.01

61 Ontario Robert laird 1918.03.12 1928.12.01

43 Quebec Robert Laird 1918.07.20 1943.10.29

sa Ontario Robert laird 1918.09.01 1925.09.01

62Sask Robert Laird 1918.09.23 1930.11.10

6000tano Robert Laird 1919.11.06 1922,12.03

4001liano Robert laird 1919.11 06 1948.10.24

61 Quebec Robert laIrd 1919.12.31 1946.07.15

48 Quebec Robert laird 1920.01.10 1941.09.27

52 N.S. Artnur 1921.02.17 1934.01.22

45 N.B. Arthur 1921.02.17 1948.12.12

43 Alberta Arthur 1921.09.15 1945.01.21

62 N.S. Arthur 1921.09.21 1936.02.21

62 Ontario Arthur 1921.09.22 1929.08.26

74 Ontario Arthur 1921.09.22 1931.12.30

53Sask Arthur 1921.09.22 1956.07.20

71 Ontario Arthur 1921.10.03

59 8.C. Arthur 1921.10.03 1946.10.05

57Sask Arthur 1921.10.17 1940.01.18

63 Ontario Arthur 1921.11.04 1929.08.12

53 Ontario Arthur 1921.11.07 1939.11.12

52 N.B. Arthur 1921.11.25 1945.02.28

52 a.c. Arthur 1921.12.01 1931.08.23

65 N.S. Arthur 1921.12.05 1935.05.D2

4BOntario lyon 1922.01.04 1927.11.21

49 Ontario lyon 1922.02.10 1962.03.13

55 Ontario lyon 1922.03.11 1927.02.04

50 Quebec Lyon 1922.03.11 1927.12.Q2

73 N.B, lyon 1922.10.27 1944.11.18

68 Ontario Lyon 1923.01.11 1952.02.13

56 Alberta lyon 1923.08.14 1924.09.23

56 Ontario lvon 1924.03.10 1932.11.10

57 N.B. lyon 1924.05.05 1944.07.27

52 Alberta lyon 1925.09.05 1931.04.11

65 Quebec Lyon 1925.09,05 1933.01.23

55 Quebec lyon 1925.09,05 1935.04.22

670ntano Lyon 1925.09.05 1935.05.18

62 Dntano Lyoll 1925.09.05 1935.11.24

69 P.LI lyon 1925.09.05 1941.03.05

Sip.E.1. Lyon 1925.09.05 1943.l2,27

49 Alberta lyon 1925.09.05 1954.07.11

70 Ontario lyon 1925.09.09 1934.06.15

55 N.B. Lyon 1925.09.25 1949.12.05

52 Manitoba Lyon 1925.10.06 1948.03.16

44 Quebec Lyon 1926.06.25 1932.05.03

65 Alberta lyon 1926.06.25 1948.04.27

53 N.S. lyon 1926.10.07 1935.01.28

670ntano lyon 1926.12.20 1943.01.01

51 Ontario lyon 1926.12.20 1957.10.31

46 Quebec lyon 1926.12.20 1963.06.05

59 Quebec lyon 1927.12.14 1933.06.20

62 Quebec lyon 1927.12.21 1929.08.10

60 Ontario

42 Ontario

37 Ontario

55 N.B.

lyon 1928.01.10 1939.02.21

1943.12.22

1953.01.18

1947.11.14

1942.01.06

1944.12.26

1934.02.D2

1962.03.03

1949.05.15

1937.09.28

1942.12.14

1943.10.13

1938.06.24

1934.03.03

57 Ontario

59 N.S.

69 Manitoba

45 Ontario

58 Ontario

63 Quebec

50 Quebec

58 Quebec

64 Quebec

66 Quebec

lyon 1928.01,10

Lyon 1928.01.10

Lyon 1928.12.06

lyon 1928.12.14

Lyon 1929.02.05

lyon 1929.12.30

)(Ing, William L\193O.02.15

Klng,Williaml\1930.03.20

King,Wiliiaml\1930.06.03

KlIlg,WiliiamL\1930.06.03

Kh'lg,Williaml\1930.06.03

KIng, William L,1930.06.03

Klng,Wllliaml\1930.0G.03

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

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Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

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Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

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Death

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Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Death

Died

Died

Died

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Died

Died

74M Raoiroadtelegfapher

71 M lumbermerehant

67 M Businessman

12 M Ploducedealer

68M Lawyer. notary

73 M Contractor

74 M Farmer. merchant

63 M Lav.ryet

69M tJlIMgeng'neer

88 M Aulhor.edltor hislonan.Jouma~sl.protessor

69 M Businessman

65M Industrial'st

12M Manulacturer

67 M Lawyer

17 M Merchant

70 M Physician

84M Prolesso!,teacher

87M Lawyel'. school admll"Slrator. teacher

71M Lawyer. teacher

84 M Businessman

75 M Farmer,pos!master

71 M Businessman

71 M Not listed

76 M lumber merchant. manufacturer. president I manager

62 M Gontractor

79 M ContraclOi

54 M Agent. farmer

89 M Lawyer

60 M Bamster

56 M Gentleman. journalist

9SM Ed'lor.lournai<st

97 M Lawyer

57 M Engineer, !and surwyor

65 M Lawyer

17M Lav.ryer

52 M Broker, merchant

12 M lawyer

65 M Physician

17 M Author.Journa~sl

72 M Lawyer

84 M E~porter,merehallt,pessengeragent

69M Merchanl

78M Journahst,pubhsher

79M PhyslOlal1.surgeon

79 M lawyer. teacher

75M Farmer.lI<llertnarysurgeon

50 M PhysiCian

87M Insurance agent. rancher. real eslale agen!

61 M Brokef. Insurance ag.e!11. mastar mariner

83 M Ed,tor.loumallst

82 M lawyer

83 M Financier

64M Manulacturer

63M lav.ryer L._ Wholesaler

Author.edit(lliournallst.ph\lsrcoan

Not listed

Businessman

lav.ryer

Farmer

Homemaker, social worker Trainman, union officer Author, lawyer, lecturer

Lawyer

Journalist, pubJisher

Minister-Fed

Mmister-Fed

MP

MP

8M ~M

~M

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Lumber merchant, manufacturer, me MP

Liquor merchant, wholesaler MP

29

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10

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27

23

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10

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24

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21

16

30

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11

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10

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10809 29,59

23 5410 14,81

22 3492 9,56

23 3919 10,73

11 9234 25,28

2558 7,00

19 4432 12,14

28 1124 3,08

20 10582 28,97

16 9695 26,54

19 7933 21,72

4724 12,93

26 10162 27.82

8531 23,36

5268 14,42

2897 7,93

3753 10,27

29 12721 34,83

70 0.19

9134 25,01

6669 18,26

2840 7,17

6581 18,02

8497 23,26

23 3554 9,73

28 4898 13,41

18 2149 5,88

14642 40,09

27 1792 4,91

24 2094 5.73

24 8060 22,07

4 10627 29,09

12 408 1,12

3 3169 8,67

24 7390 20,23

2045 5.60

20 2699 7,39

17 3517 9,63

13 3544 9.70

20 3733 10,22

30 5661 15,50

23 6689 18,31

6 10537 28,85

3203 8,17

12 8839 24,20

10 8198 22,44

10 2141 5,86

7979 21,84

23 3036 8,31

13 5857 16,04

12 11274 30.87

16 13317 36,46

8 2017 5,52

21 599 1.64

13

13

10

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24

21

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27

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18,94

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4,10

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19,16

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English

English

Frellcn

FrE!Ilch

French

Presbytenall

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King, James Horace

S!nd'llf,JohnEwen

Burns,Patri<;k

Marcotte,Arthur

1873.01.18

1879.12.24

1856.07.06

1873,03.08

McRae, Alexander Duncan 1874.11.17

Ballantyne, Charles Colquhour1867.08.09

Dennis, William Henry 1887.03.31

llber~1 Party of

liberal Party of

Independent

Conservatlve(!

Conservaltve!l,

Conservative (1

COrlservatlve(l

Macdonald,JohnAle:o:ander 1883.01.03 Conservatlve!1

Melghen,Arthur 1874.06.16 Conservative(l.

Brown, Albert Joseph 1861.07.08 Conservative (1.

RainvlUe,losephHormisdas 1875.03.08 Conservatlve(l

Aseltine, Walter Morley 1886.09.03 Conservattve (1.

eete,louis 1890.09.13 Conservatlve(l,

f.luteu~,Guiliaume-Andre 1874.10,20 Conservatlue(l

Fripp, Alfred Ernest 1866.06.29 Conservative (1

Hacken, Horatio Clarence 1857.10.12 Conservative!!

Horner, Ralpn By ton 1884.06.26 Conservative (1

Moraud,lucien 1885.05.16 Conservative!l

Arthurs,James 1866.10.04

Cantley, Thomas 1857.04.19

Fallis, Iva Campbell 1883.06.23

lones, George Burpee 1866.01.09

Macdonald,lohnAlexander 1874.04.12

Quinn, Felix Patrick 1874.11.02

Rhodes, Edgar Nelson 1877.01.05

Roblcheau, Jean·louis PhilippI 1874.06.30

Sauve,Arthur 1874.10.01

Sutherland,Donald 1863.04.08

Fortin, Emile 1878.02.18

Haig, John Thomas 1877.12.15

1880.10.16

Conservatlve!1,

Conserva\ive(1.

Conservative!L

Conservatlve!l.

COrlservatlve(l

Conservative!l

Conservative!l.

Conservative (1

Conservatlve!1

Conservatlve!l.

Conservative (1,

Conservative (1

Conservative (1 leger, AntOlrleJoseph

Mullins, Henrv Alfred 1861.08.27 Conservative (1.

Paquet,Eugene 1867.10.23 Conservative (1

5mith, BenJamin Franklin 1865.05.08 ConservatIVe (1

BourgeoIs, Charles 1879.07.29 Conservative (1

O'Conrlot. FrankP~trick 1885.04.09 liberal Party of

McDonald, Charles 1867.???? libetalPartyof

Duff,Wllham 1872.04.28 LtberalPartyof

Farris. John Wallace de Beque 1878.12.03 liberal Party of

Hugessen,Adnarl Norton Knal 1891.07.05 Liberal Party of

Lambert, Norman Platt 1885.01.07 liberal Party of

Marshall,DuncanMclean 1872.09.24 liberal Party of

Beaubien, Arthur-lUCien 1879.02.11 liberal Party of

8lais,Arrstlde 1875.10.18 Liberal Party of

Elhott, John Campbell 1872.07.25 l!beralPartyof

fafard,Joseph-Fernand 188208.25 L,beralPartyof

Maclennan. Donald 1877.03.02 Liberal Party of

5te .... enson, John James 1873.05.11 liberal Party of

Beauregard, Elie 1884.07.08 liberal Party of

Hayden,SaiterAdrian 1896.05.31 Uberal Party af

Howard, Charles Benjamin 188S.09.27 liberal Party af

Paterson, Norman Mcleod 1883.OS.03 Liberal Party of

Davld,Louis-Athanase 1882.06.24 liberal Party of

5t.Pere,Edouard-Charies 1876.09.24 UberalPartyof

Duffus, Joseph James 1876.06.17 liberal Party of

Hustllon, William James 1883.11.06 LIberal Party of

Euler, William Daum 1875.07.10 liberal Party of

Gouin, Lllon MerCier 1891.12.24 liberaiPartyof

Vien, Thomas 1881.07.19 liberal Party af

Du Tremblay, Pamphile RealS 1879.03.05 liberal Party of

Bench, JohnJoseph 1905.05.01 Liberal Party of

Davies, William Rupert 1879.09.12 Liberal Party of

Mcfntyre, James Peter 1883.07.19 liberal Party of

Campbell,GordonPeter 1898.10.03 Liberal Party of

Robertson, W!shart Mclea 1891.02,15 Liberal Party of

Johnston, John Frederick 1876.07.16 liberal Party of

Daigle, Armand 1892.05.16 UberalPartyof

lesage, Joseph Arthur 1881.06.07 Liberal Party of

57B.C.

50 P.E I

74 Alberta

585ask

56 B.C.

64 Quebec

44N.5.

King, William l\1930.06.07 1955.07.14

Klng,WllliamlI1930.0607 1949.12.23

Bennett, R!cha,1931.07.06 1936.06.01

Bennett, Rlchat1931.07.06 1958.08.18

Bennett, Rithar1931.09.04 1946.06.26

Bennett, Richat1932.02.03 1950.10.19

Bennett, Rlchat1932.02.03 1954.01.18

49 N.5. Bennett, Richar1932.03.02 1945.06.11

57 Ontario Bennett, Richar1932 03.02 1942.01.16

71 Quebec Bennett, Richar1932.10.06 1938.11.16

57 Quebec Bennett, Rlchar 1932.10 06 1942.04.14

47 Sask Bennett, Ricnar1933.12.30 1971.03.31

43 Ontario Bennett, Rkhar1933.12.30 1943.02.02

59 Quebec Bennett, Rlchar1933.12.30 1940.09.10

67 Ontario Bennett,Rlchat19l3.12.30 1938.03.25

76 Ontario Bennett, Richar1933.12.30 1937.02.18

49 Sask Bennett, RkhaI1933.12.30 1964.12.14

48 Quebec Bennett, Rkhar1933,12.30 1951.05.29

68 Ontano Bennett, Richat 1935.07.20 1937.10 07

78 N.5. Bennett, Richar1935.07.20 1945.02.24

520ntano Bennett, Richar1935.07.20 1956.03.07

69 N.B. Bennett, RlchaI1935.07.20 1950.04.27

61 P.E.I. Sennett, Richar1935.07.20 1948.11.15

60 N.5. Bennett, Ricoat 1935.07.20 1961.03.28

58 NoS. Bennett, RlchaI1935.07.20 1942.03.15

61 N.S. Bennett, Richat 1935.07.20 1948.03.01

60 Quebec Sennett, Rkhar1935.07.20 1944.02.06

72 Ontario Bennett, Rlcha r1935.07.20 1949.01.01

57 Quebec Bennett, RlchaI1935.08.14 1936.05.18

57 Manitoba Bennett,Rlchat1935.08.14 1962.01.17

54 N.B. Bennett, RichaI1935.08.14 1950.04.07

73 Manitoba Sennett, RIChaI1935.08.14 1950.09.05

67 Quebec Bennett, Richar1935.0S.14 1951.05.08

70 N.B. Bennett, Richat 1935.08.14 1944.05.20

56 Quebec 8ennett, Rlchat1935.08.15 1940.05.15

50 Ontario Krng. William t\1935.12.06 1939.0S.21

6SB.C. King,WilliamL\1935.12.30 1936.10.06

63N.5. King,Williaml\1936.02.2S 1953.04.25

58 S.c. Kmg, William LI1937.01.09 1970.02.25

45 Quebec King, William l\1937.01.12 1967.01.01

53 Ontario Krng, William L\ 1938.01.20 1965.11.04

65 Ontario King. William l\ 1938.01.20 "1946.01.16

60 Manitoba King. William l,1940.01.29 1969.02.01

64 Alberta King, Wilham L,1940.01.29 1964.11.10

67 Ontario King. William L,1940.01.29 1941.12.20

57 Quebec King, William LI1940.01.29 1955.05.14

62 N.S. Kmg,Wiliiaml\1940.01.29 1953.10.19

66 Sask King, WIlliam l,1940.01.29 1956.09.21

55 Quebec Kmg, William l\ 1940.02.09 1954.08.27

43 Ontario King, William L\ 1940.02.09 1983.11,01

54 Quebec King, William l11940.02.09 1964.03.25

56 Ontario King. William LI1940.02.09 1981.06.18

57 Quebec King,Wllllaml\1940.02.09 1953.01.26

63 Quebec King, William lI1940.02.09 1950.01.31

630nlarlo Klng,Wi!!iamLI1940.02.15 1957.02.07

56 Quebec Kmg, WIlliam lI1940.02.15 1954.01.29

64 Ontario King, William t\ 1940.05.11 1961.07,15

48 Quebec Kmg, William L\ 1940.11.07 1976.03.18

61 Quebec King, William L\ 1942.10.05 1968.04.01

63 Quebec King.Wiliiaml,1942.11.19 1955.10.06

37 Ontario King, William l\1942.11.19 1947.12.09

630nlario King,Wllliaml\1942.11.19 1967.03.11

59P.E.I. Klng.WllliamlI1943.02.19 1957.04.08

44 Ontario King, William l\1943.02.19 1964.01.16

52 N.S, King, William l\ 1943.02.19 1965.12.24

67 5a~k King, William LI1943.10.05 1948.05.09

51 Quebec King, William l\ 1944,03.03 1957.03.0S

62 Quebec King, William lI1944.03.03 1950.03.09

DIed

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82M

69M

19M

SSM

71M

83M

66M

physician

Farmer

Businessman, rancher

lawyer

Farmer, lumber merchant

Manufacturer

Printer, publisher

Physician

67M lawyer

17M lawyer

67 M lawyer

84 M Farmer, lawyer

52 M Crown Attomey, lawyer

65 M Lawyer

71M lawyer

79 M Joumalist, publisher

80M farmer

66 M Lawyer,leclurer

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lawyer

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Journalist

Farmer

Pharmacist, physician

lawyer

Author, lawyer

89 M Exporter, farmer

PhysiCian

Merchant, produce dealer

lawyer

BusInessman

Minister· Fed

Minister· Fed

MP

Minister-Fed

MP Prime Mimster

Deputy Speaker· House of

SthoolTrustee

MLA-Ontario

MP

MP

MP

MP

Minister-Fed

Minister-Fed

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Premler-Nova5cotia

MLA·NovaScotia

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Leader of the Opposition­

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Warden

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lawyer Minister· British Columbia

Barrister, lawyer

Correspondent, journalist

Journalist, newspaper owner. publist Minlster- Ontario

farmer MP

Physician, surgeon

Lawyer, solicitor

Land surveyor

Barrister

Farmer, lumber merchant

Minister· Fed

MP

MP

MLA·5askatchewan

lawyer Alderman

Barrister, lawyer

Businessman. Industrialist, lumber m MP

Grain merchant, shipowner Alderman

Lawyer MNA - Qllebec

Journalist MP

Building contractor, businessman, fa Mayor

Businessman, merchant MP

Businessman MP

Author, barrister, professor

Barrister, lawyer

lawyer

lawyer

Author. editor, publisher

Farmer, lobster packer

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27,12

14,81

18,71

21,96

11 4851 13,28

17 3609 9,88

12 2234 6,12

3479 9,52

13607 37,2S

3323 9,10

13 2448 6,70

26 1548 4,24

21 1147 3,14

16 11308 30,96

30 6361 17,42

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13,33

25,69

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26,43

14,65

5502 15,06

25 5747 15,74

8 3204 8,77

2 1737 4,76

16 1355 3,71

9 283 0,77

28 6268 17,16

18 12102 33,13

21 10644 29,14

16 10152 27,79

29 2921 8,00

5 10597 29,01

14 9054 24,79

23 693 1,90

15 5585 15,29

22 5014 13,73

24 6081 16,65

18 5314 14,55

23 15972 43,73

16 8812 24,13

10 15107 41,36

19 4737 12,97

24 3646 9,98

24 6203 16,98

16 5099 13,96

7737 21,18

11 12917 35,36

28 9311 25,49

18 4705 12,88

21 1847 5,06

22 8879 24,31

20 5164 14,14

28 7637 20,91

8346 22,85

167S 4,60

4754 13,02

2198 6,02

English Baptist

English United Church

English Presbyteflan

English UnitedChu"h

English UmtedChurch

French

English Catholic

French Catholk

English Presbyterian

English UnlledChurth

English Presbyteflan

English Catholic

Engltsh Presbyterian

french

English United Church

French Catholic

Engiish Un!tedChurch

French Catholic

English Presbyterian

English Baptist

English Anghtan

English United Church

French Catholic

French Catholic

French Catholic

El"Igirsh Catholic

Enghsh UnitedCkurch

French Catholic

English Catholic

English United Church

English Presbyterran

French Catholk

French Catholic

English Catholic

English Catholit

Engllsh lutheran

French Catholic

French CathOliC

French Catholic

English Presbyterian

English Catholic

English Presbyterian

Enghsh United Church

French Catholic

French Catholic

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Bouchard, Tele~phofe·Damiefl1881,12.20 Liberal Party of

ValUancourt,CynUe 1892.01.17 liberal Party of

Nicol,Jacob 1876.04.25 liberal Partv of

Crerar, ThomasAlelCander 1876.06.17 tiberalPartyof

Mclean, Ale~andl!r Nell 1885.11.12 liberal Party of

Taylor, William Horace 1889.12,07 Liberal Party of

Bishop, Charle~ lawrence 1876.12.10 liberal Party of

Dupuls,Vincent 188901.22 liberal Party of

Ferland,Charles.£douard 1892,03.02 Uberal Party of

Gershilw, Frederick William 1883.04.11 tiberal Party of

Howden, John Power 1819.12.05 Liberal Party of

Kinley, John James 1881.10,15 Uberal Party of

McDonald,JohnAlexander 1889.09.24 liberal Party of

il.oebuck,ArthurWentworth 1878.02.28 tiberalPartyof

Veniot,ClarenceJoseph 1886.02.09 liberal Party of

Bu((;hiU,GeorgePercilJal 1889.11.03 Liberal Party of

Pirie,FrederickWIUiam 1893.02.01 Liberal Party of

Robinson, Brewer Waugh 1891.01.09 liberal Party of

McGeer, Gerald Grattan 1888.01.06 Liberal Party of

Dessureault,Jean·Marie 1888.12.30 Liberal Party of

Hurtublse,Joseph Raoul 1882.07.01 Liberal Party of

Bouffard,PaulHenri 1895.04,05 Liberal Party of

McKeen,5tanley5tewart 1897.03.18 Liberal Party of

Turgeon, James Gray 1879.10.07 liberal Party of

Mackenzle,lanAlIstalr 1890.07.27 Liberal Party of

Farquhar, Thomas 1875.01.28 liberal Party of

Comeau,Jo5ephWIlhe 1876.03.12 Liberal Party of

Ross, Ge(lrge Henry 1878.06.13 Liber;~1 Party of

F(lgo,JiimesGordon 1896.07.09 liberal Party of

DaIJIS, John Caswell 1888.08.19 Liberal Party of

WO(ld,ThomasHarold 1889.06.11 liberal Party of

MacKinnon, James Angus 1881.10.04 LIberal Party of

Doone, James Joseph Hayes 1888.08.08 Liberal Party (If

Godbout, Joseph Adiilard 1892.09,24 Liberal Party of

Golding,WiUiamHenry 1878.04.14 Liberal Party of

Emmerson, Henry Read 1883.11.07 liberal Party of

Fraser, WlliiamAle~andllr 1886.04.24 tibllralPartyof

Grant, Thomas Vincent 1876.12.21 tiberalPartyof

Barbour, George Hilton 1878,09.05 liberal Party of

Petten,Ray 1897.06.01 Liberal Party of

Baird, Alexander Boyd 1891.08.31 Liberal Party of

Penny, George Joseph 1897.10.24 liberal Party of

Gladstone,RobertWllham 1879.09.13 liberal Party of

Reld,Th(lmas 1886,04.18 Liberal Party of

5tambaugh,Wesley 1888,07.01 liberalPartY(lf

8urke,Vincent P. 1878.08.03 liberalPartY(lf

Hawkins, Charles G. 1887.10.15 Liberal Party of

tsnor,G(lrdonBenjam!n 1885.05.10 liberal Party of

Basha, Michael G. 1896.01.20 liberalPartY(lf

Pratt,CaivertCoates 1888.10.06 liberal Party of

Qulnt(ln, Herman William 1896.10.28 liberal Party (If

Ferguss(ln,MurleIMcQueen 1899.05.26 Jones,JohnWaiter 1878.04.14

J(ldoin, Marianna Beauchamp 1881.11.29

Woodrow, Allan Lee 1886.04.16

BradleY,FrederickGordon 1888.03.21

Connolly,J(lhnJoseph 1906.10.31

F(lurnier,Sarto 1903.02.15

Macdonald,WllliamR(lss 1891.12.25

Tremblay,liionard·DavidSwe.1896.04.16

Bradette,J(lseph-Arthur 1886.10.16

Leger,AureID.

Hodges, Nancy

1894.10.11

1888.10.28

Uberal Party of

liberal Party of

tiberal Party of

tiberalPartyof

UberalPartyof

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liberal Party of

liberal Party of

tiberal Party (If

liberal Party of

liberal Party of

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Cameron, D(lnald 1901.03.06 Independent til

C(lnn(llly, Har(lldJ(lseph 1901.09.08 liberal Party of

Crol!, David Arnold 1900.03.12 liberal Party (If

lnman,FI(lrenceElsie 1891.12.05 Liberal Party (If

leMard, Th(lmas O'Arey 1895.04.29 Uberal Party of

62 Quebec Kini,Wilham l\ 1944.03,03 1962,11.13

52 Quebec King, William l\ 1944.03.03 1969.0103

68 Quebec King, William l\1944.07.14 1958.09.23

68 Mantt(lba King, William L\1945.04,18 1966.05,]1

59 N.B. Kmg, William L\ 1945.04.18 1967.03,12

55 Ontario King, WIJliam L,1945.04,18 1966.06.01

68 Ontario King, William 1\1945.04.18 1966.09.23

56 Quebec King.Wllllaml\1945.04.18 1967.05.11

53 Quebec King, William L,1945,04.18 1951.04,18

62 Alberta King, Wilham L\1945.04.18 1968.03.2&

65 Manlt(lba King, Wilham L\1945.04 18 1959.11.04

63 N.S. King, William l\ 1945.04.18 1971.06.12

55 N.5. King, William l\1945.04.18 1962.04.16

67 Ontario King,WiliiamL\1945.04.18 1971.11.17

59 N.B. King, William L\1945.04.18 1966.06.01

55 N.B. King, William L\1945.04.19 1977.08.19

52 N.B. King. William L\1945.04.19 1956.10.03

54 P.E.!. King. William l\1945.04.19 1949.01.20

57B,C.

56 Quebec

620ntarl(l

51 Quebec

49B.C.

67 B.C.

57 B.C.

730otari(l

72 N.5.

70 Alberta

King, William l\ 1945.06.09 1947.08.11

King, William l\ 1945.06.09 1970.08.16

King, William t\1945.06.09 1955.01.31

King,WllliamL\1946.12,27 1966,02.16

King,WilliamL\1947.01.27 1966.12.01

King,WilliamL\1947.01.27 1964.02.14

Klng,WilhamL\1948.01.19 1949.09.02

King,WilhamL\1948.09.10 1962,09.27

St·Laurent, Lou 1948.12,01 1966.01.10

St·Laurent, Lou 1948.12.01 1956.09.26

520ntan(l St·laurent, Lou 1949.01.25 19S2,07.06

60 Manlt(lba St·Laurent, lou 1949.01.25 1953.10.25

595ask St·Laurent, Lou 1949.01.25 1965,11.26

67 Alberta 5t-laurent, L(lu 1949.05,09 1958,04.18

60 N.B. St·laurent, l(lu 1949.06.25 1953.04.06

56 Quebec St·taurent, Lou 1949,06,25 1956.09,18

71 Ontario St-Laurent, l(lu 1949.06.25 1961.12.31

65 N.B. St·laurent, lou 1949.06.25 1954.06,21

63 Ontario St·taurent, lou 1949.06.25 1962.10.26

72 P.E.1. St-Laurent, lou 1949.06.25 1965.08.19

70 P.E.1. St-Laurent, Lou 1949.07.06 1962,02.06

52 NFLD&lab. St·Laurent, Lou 1949.08,17 1961.02.16

57 NFLD&lab. St-Laurent, L(lu 1949.08,17 1967.11.23

51 NFLD&tab. St-Laurent, lou 1949.08.17 1949.12.04

69 Ontario St·Laurent, lou 1949.Q9.07 1951.06.01

63 B.C. St·Laurent, lou 1949.09,07 1967.10.14

61 Alberta St-Laurent, tou1949.09,07 1965.06.08

71 NFLD&tab. St-Laurent, lou 1950.01.25 1953.12.19

62 N.S, St-laurent, l(lu 1950.05.02 1958.08.14

64 N.5. St-laurent, L(lu 1950,05.02 1973,03.17

55 NFLO&Lab. St-Laurent, Lou 1951.01.24 1976,11.18

62 NFLD&lab. St-Laurent, Lou 1951.01.24 1963.11.13

54 NFLD&Lab. St-laurent,L(lu1951.01.24 1952.04.02

53 N.B. St-Laurent,touI953.05.19 1975.05.23

75 P.E.!. St-Laurent, t(lU 1953.05.19 1954.03.31

71 Quebec St-Laurent, lou 1953.0S.19 1966.06.01

67 Ontario St-laurent, tou 1953.0S.19 1966.03,15

65 NFLD&lab. St.Laurent, tou 1953.06.12 1966.03.30

46 Ontario St·Laurent, l(lu 1953.06.12 1981.10.31

SO Quebec St-laurent, lou 1953.06.12 1980.07.23

61 Ontario St-Laurent, lou 1953.06.12 1967.12.22

57 Quebec St_Laurent,l(lu1953.06.12 1965.09.02

66 Ontario St·Laurent, Lou 1953.06.12 1961.09.12

58 N.B. St_Laurent,lou1953.06.12 1961.12.28

65 B.C. St·laurent, L(lu 19S3.11.05 1965.06.12

54 Alberta St-laurent, lou 19S5.07.28 1987.09.19

53 N.s. St·laurent, L(lu 1955.07.28 1979.05.14

55 Ontario St·laurent, lou 1955.07.28 1991.06.11

63 P.E.!. st-laurent, Lou 1955.07.28 1986.05.31

60 Ontario St·laurent, lQU 1955.07.28 1970.04.29

Died

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Businessman Sch(lol Board Commlssi(lner

Broadcaster, crown prosecutor, lawy MNA - Quebec

Farmer, grain merchant, managing dMinlster - Fed

BUSinessman

Farmer

J(lurnallst

Lawyer

Lawver

MP

PhysiCian MP

physician MP

Industrialist, pharmaceutical chemist Mlnister- Manitoba

Farmer MlA-PEI

Barrister, newspaper editor, newsp8.! MP

Physician, surgeon MP

Businessman, forester, lumber merclcouncillor

Manufacturer

Rancher

MlA - New 8runswlck

MLA-PEI

59M Barrister MP

81 M Lumber merchant, manufacturer Alderman

72 M Physician, surgeon MP

70 M Lawyer, professor

69 M Businessman MLA - Brlti~h C(llumbia

84M Br(lker MP

59M Barrister Minister-Fed

87 M Farmer, merchant MlA - Ontario

89 M Fish merchant, teacher Mlntster - Nova 5c(ltia

78M Barrister MP

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lawyer Minister· New Brunswick

Agronomist, farmer, teacher Premier-Quebec

Machinist MaY(lr

Business executive. salesman MP

Farmer, fruit grower, industrialist, maMP

Clerk, coroner, physiCian, teacher MP

Farmer, rancher Minister-PEl

Br(lker

Businessman

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Gentleman, manager, manufacturer, MP

Farmer. rancher Reeve

Farmer

Educational administrator, teacher

lumberman

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Lawyer Deputy Mayor

Author, farmer, principal, teacher Premier· PEl ~~~~~ .~" ':"-''"" < "''','' ,<, ,~,~ '""",-~,

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Barrister Minister-Fed

Barrister, lawyer, professor

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Journalist, public seNant MP

Farmer, merchant Deputy SpRaker - House of

Businessman, contractor, farmer MP

journalist Assembly· British C(llumbia

Pr(lfess(lr

Editor, Journalist Premier-N(lIJaScotia

91 M Barrister, lawyer MP

94F unknown

75M BarrISter

18

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24 8060 22,07

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10 8380 22,94

18 5314 14,55

26 9553 26,15

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1 9711 26,59

15 7716 21,12

2 11812 32,34

16 4186 11,46

1374 3,76

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9201 25,19

24 3524 9,65

22 6992 19,14

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15 593 1,62

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French Cath(llic

French Cathohc

French Pr(lte$tant

Enghsh Presbyterian

English United Church

English United Church

English

French Cath(llic

french Catholic

Enghsh United Church

Enghsh Baptist

English Presbyterian

Engltsh Baptist

English Anglican

French Catholic

English An!;lican

English Presbyterian

English United Church

French Cath(lhc

french Cath(lilc

French Catholic

English Cath(lJic

English Cath(lhc

English Cath(lUc

English United Church

French Catholic

English United Church

English United Church

English Catholic

English Anglican

English Presbyterian

English Cath(llic

French

English United Church

English Bapttst

English

English Cath(llic

English United Church

English Anglican

Enghsh Presbyterian

English United Church

Enghsh Presbyterian

English United Church

English Catholic

English UmtedChurch

English Baptist

b(lrn In Let English Catholic

English UoitedChurch

EngUsh

English Anglican

English Baptist

French Catholic

English Presbyterian

English UnrtedChurch

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McGrand, Frederic Addison 1895.07,05

Molson, Hartjand deMonlarvI1907.0S.29

Pouliot, Je .. n.Frarl~oiS 1890.03.28

Power, Charles Gavan

Savoie,CahlrteF.

Smlth,Donald

1888.01.18

1895.08.23

1905.07.07

Hackett, John Thomas 1884.06.12

Wall, WIlliam Michael 1911.07.11

Boucher,WllliamA.lbert 1889.11.12

Smith. Sydney John 1892.09.23

Taylor, A.ustln Claude 1893.06.20

Bois,HenriCharies 1897.02.08

lefrantrol5, J.-Eugene 1896.08.09

Wh!te,GeorgeStanlev 1897.11.17

Droulf\,MarkRobert 1903.10.24

Methot,teon 1895.05.13

MonettE,Gustave 1887.03.01

Pearson, Arthur Maurice 1890.12.29

Sullivan, JOSEph A.lbert 1902.01.08

Brunt, Wilham Ralph 1902.10.24

Emerson,ClarenceVernon 1901.01.24

MacDonald,JohnJoseph 1891.09.27

Thorvaldson,GunllilrSolmulld1901.0,U8

Choquet1e, Lionel Henri 1906.03.06

Gladstone. James 1887.05.21

Buchanan, JohnA.lel!ander 1887.03.04

H'&8IIlS, John Gilbert 1891.05.07

Hnatyshyn, John 1907.01.20

Irvine, Olive lillian 1895.06.21

Slols, Frederick Murray 1893.03.30

Courtemallche, Henri 1916.08.07

Macdonald,JohllMichael 1906.06.03

Brooks, Alfred Johnson 1890.11.14

Liberal Party of

Independent

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Quart, JOS!E AliCE 1895.11.08

Hollett, Malcolm Mercer 1891.12.09

Ha+g, James Campbell 1909.06.02

Willis, Harry Albert 1904.07.11

McCutcheon, Malcolm Wallac, 1906.05.18

Fournier, EdgarE 1908.06.01

Grosart,Allister, H.G. 1906.12.13

O'leary, M. Grattan 1888.02.19

O'leary, Clement Augustine 1916.06.26

Welch, Frallk Corbett 1900.07.14

Flynn, Jacques 1915.08.22

Robertson, John Aie,.-ander 1913.10.06

Belisle, Rheal 1919.01.03

Walker, David James 1905.05.10

Vu~k,Paul 1913.06.24

Phillips,OrvoileH. 1924.04.05

Bourget, Maurice 1907.10.20

MacTavish, Duncan Kenneth 1899.06.03

GellllaS, Louls·Phllippe 1902.04.05

Bourque, Romuald 1889.12.06

Denis,Aze\!us 1907.03.26

lang, Dalliel Aiken 1919.06.13

Cook, Eric 1909.07.26

Rattenbury, Nelson 1901.10.27

Aird,JohnBlack 1923.05.05

Benidickson, Wilham Moore 1911.04.08

McDonald. Alexander Hamllto 1919.03.16

Argue, Hazen Robert 1921.01.06

Davey, Kellh Douglas 1926.04.21

Deschate!ets, Jean-Paul

HaSlings,EariA.dams

Hays, HarryWllilam

1912.10.09

1924.01.07

1909.12.25

MacKEnzie,Norman A.rchlbald1894.01.0S

McElman, Charles Robert 1920,06.18

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60 N.B.

48 Quebec

65 Quebec

67 Quebec

59 N.B.

SHaurent, Lou 1955.07.28 1988.01.22

St.taurellt, Lou 19S5.07.28 1993.0S.31

St·Laure!llt, lou 19S5.01.28 1968.06.28

St.Laurent, Lou 1955.07.28 1968.05.30

St-laurent, Lou 1955.07.28 1970.08.23

St.Laurent, Lou 1955.07.28 1980.07.07

11 Quebec St.laurent, Lou 1955.07.28 1956.09.15

44 Manitoba St-Laurent, tou 1955.07.28 1962.07.07

67 Sask. St-Laurent, Lou 1957.01.03 1976.06.23

64 B.C. St-laurellt, lou 1957.01.03 1968.12.31

63 N.B. 5t_Laurent, Lou 1957.01.03 1965.01.17

59 Quebec St-laurellt, Lou 1957.01.03 1962.07.18

60 Quebec St-Laurent, lou 1957.04.25 1976.11,05

59 Ontario Dlefenbaker,Jc1957.09.20 1972.11.17

53 Quebec DlefEnbaker, Jc1951.10.04 1963.10.12

62 QUEbec Diefenbaker,)c1957.10.12 1972.08.06

70 Quebec Diefenbaker,Jc1957.10.12 1969.12.23

665ask DiefEnbaker,Jc1957.10,12 1971.03.31

S50lltano Diefenbaker,Jc1951.10.12 1985.02.18

540ntano Dlefenbaker,Jc1951.1O.12 1962.07.07

56 N.B. Diefenbaker,Jc1957,10.12 1963.09.25

66 P.E.1. Dlefenbaker, Jcl958.01.21 1971.04.20

56 Manitoba Diefellbaker, Jc 1958.01.29 1969.08.02

51 OntariO Dlefenbaker, Jcl958.01.31 1981.03,06

70 A.lbErta Dlefenbaker,Jc1958.01.31 1971.03.31

11 A.lberta D+efenbaker,Jc1959.01.15 1965.10.02

67 NflD&Lab. Dlefellbaker, Jcl9S9.D1.15 1963.01.01

515ask Dlefenbaker, Jc 19S9.01,15 1967.05.02

64 Manitoba Dlefenbaker,Jc1960.01.14 1969.11.01

66 N.S. Dlefenbaker, Jc1960.01.14 1976.10.12

43 Quebec Dlefenbaker,Jc1960.01,20 1961.12.22

54 N.S. Diefellbaker, Jcl960.06.24 1997.06.20

59 N.B. DlefEnbaker,Jc1960.09.12 1967.11.07

57 Quebec Diefenbaker,Jc1960.11.16 1985.03.28

65 Quebec Dlefenbaker,Jc1960.11.16 1980.04.17

69 NFLO&lab. Diefellbaker, JcI961.10.06 1971.03.31

53 Manitoba DiEfenbaker,Jc1962.06.15 1977.12.29

57 Ontario Diefenbaker,Jc1962.06.15 1972.03.23

S6 Ontario Dlefenbaker, Jc 1962.08,09 1968.05,13

54 N.B. Diefenbaker,Jc1962.09.24 1983.02,11

5S Ontario Oiefenbaker, )1)1962.09.24 1981.12.13

74 Ontario Diefellbaker, Jc 1962.09.24 1976.04.07

46 N.S. Diefenbaker,Jc1962.09,25 1969.06.12

62 N.S. Dlefenbaker, Jc1962.09.25 1975.07.14

47 Quebec Diefenbaker, Jc 1962.11.09 1990.08.22

49 Ontario Dlefenbaker,Jc1962.11.29 1965.02.19

43 Ontario Diefenbaker, 1c 1963.02.04 1992.11.03

570ntano Diefenbaker, Jc1963.02.04 1989.09.30

49 Manitoba Dlefenbaker,Jc1963.02.04 1986.07.09

38 P.E.I. Diefenbaker, Jc1963.02,OS 1999.03.24

55 Quebec Pearson, LesteI1963.04.27 1919.03.29

640nta(10 Pearson,lesteI1963.06.11 1963.11.15

61 Quebec Pearson,tester1963.06.11 1975.12.10

73 Quebec Pearson,LEster1963.07.06 1974.08.14

56 Quebec Pearson, Lester 1964.02.03 1991.09.04

440ntano Pearson,lester1964.02.14 1994.06.13

S4 NFtD&lab. Pearson, lester1964.02.14 1984.07.26

56 N.B. Pearson, tester 1964.02.14 1973.05.27

410lltarlo Pearson,Lester1964.11.10 1974.11.28

540ntarco Pearson,lesteI1965.07.07 1985.01.04

46 Sask Pearson, testeI1965.OS.13 1980.03.31

455ask Pearson, tester 1966.02.24 1991.10.02

39 OntariO Pearson, lester 1966.02.24 1996.07,01

53 Quebec Pearson, lester 1966.02.24 1986.01.10

42 Alberta Pearson,lesteI1966.02.24 1996.05.05

56 Alberta Pearson, lester 1966.02.24 1982.05.04

72 B.C. Pearson,lEsteI1966.02.24 1969.01.05

45 N.B. Pearson, Lester1966.02,24 1990.04.01

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1924.01.07

1913.07.02

1921.02.22

1902.07.29

1905.05.01

1903.09.18

1913.10.02

Macnaughton, Alan Ayleswort 1903.07.30

KI(:kham, Thomas Joseph 1901.03.11

EVerett, Douglas Donald 1927.08.12

lamonto1gne,Maurice 1917.09.07

Thompson, Andrew 1924.12.14

Kinnear,MarvEli13beth 1898.04.03

Laird,JohnKeithMcBroom 1907.01.12

PhUlips,lalarus 1895.10.10

Sparrow, Herbert O. 1930.01.04

Stanbury, RichardJ, 1923.0502

Mclean, Donald Allan 1907.01.27

Michaud, Herve I. 1912.12.28

Eudes,Ravmond Pienl! 1912.10.10

Pelten,WllliamJ. 1923.01.28

Martm,PaulJosephJames 1903.06.23

Therlault,EdwardJo$eph 1901.05.10

Roblchaud,Hedard-J. 1911.11.02

Giguere, lOUIS de Gonlague 1911.12.18

Bell (Heath), Ann Elllabeth Ha 1924.05.26

lafond, Paule. 1919.07.12

Lawson, Edward M. 1929.09.24

Manning, EmestChar!es 1908.09.20

McNamara, William Craig 1904.08,08

Moigat, Gilda$L. 1927.01.25

Casgrain, Th,areseForget 1896.0710

Forsey, eugene Alfred 1904.05.29

Bonnell, M.lome 1923.01.04

Van Roggen, George Clifford 1921,07.22

Buckwold,Sidneylabe 1916.11.03

Goldenberg, Carl H. 1907.10.20

lapolflte, Louise Marguerite R 1912.01.03

Fournier, Joseph Michel 1905.09.29

Rowe,FrederickWiliiam

Wlliiams,GuyR.

Graham,B.Alasdair

Hicks, Henry Davies

1912.09.28

1907.10.07

1929.05.21

1915,OJ.05

Mcllra,th, George James 1908.07.29

Nome, Margaret Rosamond F:190S.10.16

Asselin, Martial 1924.02.03

Cote, Joseph Julien Jean·Plem 1926.01.09

Greene, John James 1920.06.24

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lamg,Arthur

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Riley, Damel Aloysius

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1920.09.09

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1934.06.22

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4S N.S. Pearson, Lester1966.02.24 1971.08.17

63 NFlD&Lab. Pearson, Lester 1966.07.08 1977.07.28

61 Quebec Pearson, lester 1966.07.08 1980,05.01

62 NFlD&Lab. Pearson, lester 1966.07.08 1978.02.28

52 Quebe<: Pearson, lester 1966.07.08 1988.10.02

62 Quebec Pearson, lester 1966.07.08 1978.07.30

65 P.E,I, Pearson, Lester 1966.07.08 1974.12.01

39 Manitoba Pearson,lester1966.11.08 1994,01.20

49 Quebec Pearson, Lester 1967.04.06 1983.06.12

42 Ol'ltario Pearson, lester 1967.04.06 1998.03.23

69 Ontario Pearson, lester 1967.04,06 1973.04,03

60 Ontario Pearson, lester 1967.04,06 1982.01.12

72 Quebec Pearson, lester 1968.02.09 1970.10.10

38 Sask Pearson,lester1968.02.09 2005.01.04

44 Ontario Pearson,lester1968.02,13 1998.05.02

61 N.B. Pearson, Lester1968.03.1S 1973.11.05

55 N.B Pearson, lester 1968.03.15 1978,06.05

55 Quebec Pearson,lester1968.04.08 1980.10.25

45 NFLD&Lab. Pearson, lester 1968.04.08 1998.01.28

64 Ontario TrudeaU,Pterre1968.04.20 1974.10.30

66 N.S. Trudeau, Pierre 1968.04.20 1968.12.20

56 N.B. Trudeau, Plerre1968.06,28 1971.10.08

56 Quebec Trudeau,Plerre1968.09,10 1986.12,18

46 B.C. Trudeau,Pierre1970.1O,07 1989.11.29

51 Quebec Trudeau, Plerrd970.1O,07 1988,05.27

41 B.C. Trudeau, Pierre 1970.10.07 2004,09.24

62 Alberta Trudeau, Pierr~1970.10.07 1983.09.20

66 Manitoba Trudeau, PierrE 1970,10.07 1979.08.08

43 Manitoba TrlJdeau, Pierre 1970,10.07 2001.02.2B

74 Quebec TrudeaU,P!erreI970.10.07 1971.07.10

66 Ontario Trudeau, Pierre 1970.10.07 1979.05.29

48 P.E,I, Trudeau,PlerreI971.11.04 1998.01.04

SO B.e. Trudeau, PierrE1971.11.04 1992.06.08

55 Sask Trudeau, PleITEI971.11.04 1991.11.03

64 Quebec Trudeau, Pierre1971.11.04 1982.10.20

59 Quebec Trudeau, Pierre1971.11.10 1987.01.03

66 N.B. Trudeau, Pierre1971.12.09 1980.09.29

S9 NFlD&lab. Trudeau, Piem1971.12.09 1987.09.28

64 B.C. Trudeau, PierrE1971.12.09 1982.10.07

42 N.5. Trudeau, PierrE 1972,04.27 2004.05.21

57 N.S. Trudeau, Pierre 1972.04.27 1990.03.05

63 Ontario Trudaau, PierrE 1972.04.27 1983.01.29

66 N.S. Trudeau, Pierre 1972.04.27 1980.10.16

48 Quebec Trudeau, P,err&1972.09.01 1990.08.07

46 Quebe<: Trudeau, PlerreI972.09,01 1978.04.20

52 Ontario Trudeau, PierrE 1912.09.01 1978.10.23

51 OntariO Trudeau, Pierre 1972.09.01 1995.09.09

67 B.C. Trudeau,PlerreI912.09.01 1975,02.13

61 Ontario Trudeau, PlerrE1973.10.05 1987.06,28

47 B,C, Trudeau, PlerreI973.10.05 2001.02.06

51 Quebec Trudeau, Pierre 1973.10.05 1997.04.03

57 N.B. Trudeau, Pierre 1973.12.21 1984.09.13

48 N.B.

61 N.S.

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66 N.S.

43 B.C.

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57 Quebec

60 Sask

54 Quebec

42 Quebec

42 Ontario

49 Alberta

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Trudeau, Pierre 19n.12.21 2000.10.21

Trudeau, PierrE 1974.0S.08 1988.02,15

TrudeaU,PlerreI974.05.0& 1989.01,28

Trudeau, PierrE 1975.08.07 1982.12.19

Trudeau, Pierre197S.08.19 2007.03.02

Trudeall,Plerre1975.10.23 1999.07,23

Trudeau, PierrE 1976.12.09 1983.12.15

Trudeau, Pierre1976.12.09 1991.01.26

Trudeau,PierrE1976.12.17 1978.03.26

Trudeau,P!erreI976.12B 1997.08.03

Trudeau,Piem1977.04,OS 1998.12.10

Trudeau, Pierre 1977.04 OS 1996.03.01

Trudeau, P!errE1977.04.05 2009.06,22

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Barrister and solicitor

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lawyer

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lawyer MP

Barrister and solicitor, lawyer Speaker-House of Commons

Farmer, trader MP

Automobile dealer, lawyer

EconomIst, professor of economics MP

Businessman, social worker Ontario

Clerk,shipper

Author, barrister and solicitor

lawyer

Businessman, farmer, rancher

Lawyer,lecturer

Corporatee>eecutive

Farmer, salesman

lawyer

Broker

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Alderman

MP

Minister-Fed

lawyer Mayor

Director of fisheries, executive, fishel MP

Administrator

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lawyer

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Newfoundland

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Broadcaster, corporate executive, Journalist, teacher

lawyer Premier· Nova Scotia

Barrister, lawyer Minister· Fed

Farmer, professor (assistant). biology

lawyer Minister-Fed

Dental technician MP

lawyer Minister· Fed

lawyer

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lawyer

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lawyer Premier - New Brunswick

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Barrister and solic!1or Premler-Nova5cotia

lawyer

businessman Alderman

Umonlst Minister-Fed

Businessman Saskatchewan

lawyer

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Businessman, insurance executive Alderman

Farmer, merchant, rancher Minister - Fed

BUsinessman, electrician MLA- NWT

Diplomat, lawyer

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English

English Presbyterian

English Anglican

French Catholic

English Catholic

French Catholic

English Anglican

English Catholic

English Anglican

French Catholic

English

English Anglican

English United Church

English JeWISh

English United Church

English Presbyterian

English Presbyterian

French Catholic

Fren~h Cathohc

English Anglican

English Catholic

French

French Cathollc

French

English Christian

French Catholic

English

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English Protestant

French Catnolic

French Catholic

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English Presbyterian

English

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English jewish

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French Catholic

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English United Church

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English

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English

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French

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Engll5¥1 UmtedChlJrch

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Enghsh Catholic

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French Catholic

English Catholit

Engli5h Greek Catholic

20,61

32,22

bomlnltalFrench Catholic

21,69

17,40 Inuit

18,93

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English lutheran

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Enghsh Presbyterian

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Guay,Joseph.Phllhppe 1915,10.04 Liberal Party of

Haidan, Stanley 1923.03.04 tiberalPartyof

Lewis, Philip Derek 1924.11.28 UberalPartyof

Marshall,Jack 1919.11.26 Progressive Con

Roblin, Dufferln{Ouff) 1917.06.17 ProgressIVe Can

Bird, Florence8ayard 1908.01.15 Liberal Party of

Anderson, Margaret Jean 1915.08.07 liberal Party of Wagner, Claude 1925.04,24 Progressive Con

Therlault,l.Norbert 1921.02.16 Liberal Partv of

Muir,Robert 1919.11,10 Progressive Con

Wood,Dalia 1924.08.21 lIberalPartvof

leblanc, Fernand-E. 1917,07.01 liberal Party of

Rousseau, Yvette Boucher 1917.02.18 liberal Party of

de Cotret, Robert Rene 194402.20 Progre$siveCon

Balfour,James 1928.05.22

Donahoe, Richard Alphonsus 1909.09.27

Murray,lowell 1936.09.26

8ielish, Mar1haPalamarek 1915.10.20

Charbonneau,Guy 1922.06.21

Progressive Con

Progressive Con

Progres$iveCon

Progressive Con

ProgresslVeCon

Tremblay,ArthurJuhen 1917.06.18 Progressive Con

Doody,C.Wiliiam 1931.02.26 Progressive Con

Macquarrie, Heath Nelson 1919.09.18 Progressive Con

Sherwood, Cyril Beverly 1915.07.01 Progressive Con

Nurgln, Nathan 1934.06.22 Progressive Con

Stollery,PeterA. 1935.11.29 Uberal Party of

Pltfleld,P.Michael

Kellv,WilliamM.

leMoyne,Jl;'an

Hebert,Jacques

Kolber. Ernest Leo

Smdair, 1an DavId

Grafstein, Jerahmlel S.

Klrby,M!chaeIJ.l.

1937.06,18 Independent

192$,07.21 Progressive COM

1913.02.17 UberalPartyof

1923.06.21 lIberal Party of

1929.01.18 liberal Party of

1913.12.27 Uberal Party of

1935.01.02 liberal Party of

1941.08.05 UberalPartyof

Stewart,JohnB. 1924.11.19

Cools,AnneC. 1943,08.12

Gigantes, Philippe D. 1923.08.16

Watt,Charlie 1944.06.29

Marsden,Lorna 1942.03.06

Fairbairn, Joyce 1939.11.06

Hays, Daniel 1939.04.24

LeBlanc,Romeo 1927.12.18

MacEachen, Allan Joseph 1921.07.06

Marchand, Len 1933.11.16

De Bane, Pierre 1938.08.02

Kenny,Colin 1943.12.10

Corbin, Eymard G. 1934.08.02

lefebvre, Thomas 1927.05.23

Turner, Charles Robert 1916.03.24

MacDonald, Finlay 1923.01.04

Robertson, Brenda 1929.05.23

Barootes. EfstathlosWiliiam (!1918.1l.1S

Doyle,RlchardJ. 1923.03.10

David, Paul 1919.12.25

Simard. Jean-Maurice 1931.06.21

Cogger, Michel 1939.03.21

Atkins, Norman K. 1934.06.27

Rosslter,Elleen 1929.07.14

Cochrane, EthelM. 1937.09.23

5plvak, Mira 1934.07.12

Balin, Jean 1940.01.31

Ollenheimer,Gerald R. 1934.06.04

Bolduc, Roch 1928.09.10

Poitras, Jeal'l-Mafle 1918.09.05

Beaudoin, GeraldA. 1929.04.15

Chaput_Rolland,Solange 191905.14

Waters,Star.leyCharles 1920.06.14

Beaulieu, Marla 1930.02.01

Carney, Pat 1935.05.26

LIberal Party of

Liberal Party of

UberalPartyof

Liberal Party of

liberal Party of

Liberal Party of

Uberal Party of

liberal Party of

lIberal Party of

Liberal Party of

Liberal Party of

liberal Party of

liberal Party of

Uberal Party of

LIberal Party of

Progressive Con

ProgreSSlVeCon

Progressive Cor.

Progressive Con

Progressive Con

Progressive Con

Progressive Con

Progressive Con

Progressive Con

PmgresslveCon

ProgreSSIve Con

Progressive Con

Progressive (on

Progressive Con

Progressive Con

PmgressiveCon

Progressive Con

Reform Party

Progressive Con

Progressive Con

62 Manitoba Trudeau, Piem1978.03.23 1990.10.04

55 Ontario Trudeau,Plerre1978.03.23 1998.03.04

53 NFLD&Lab. Trudeau, PierrE 1978.03.23 1999.11,j.8

S8 NFLO&Lab. Trudeau, PierrE 1978.03.23 1994.11.26

60 Manitoba Trudeau,Plern1978.03.23 1992.06,17

62 Ontario Trudeau, PierrE 1978.03.23 1983.01.15

70 N.B. Trudeau, Plerrd978.03.23 1990.08.07

52 Quebec

58 N.B.

S9 N.5.

54 Quebec

61 Quebec

62 Quebec

35 Ontario

51Sask

69 N.S.

42 Ontario

63 Alberta

S7Quebec

Trudeau, Pierre 1978.04.21 1979.07.11

Trudeau, Pierre 1979.03.26 1996.02.16

Trudeau,PierrE1979.03.26 1994.11,10

Trudeau, PierrE 1979.03.26 1999.01.31

Tflideau. PlerreI979.03.27 1992.07.01

Trudeau,Plerre1979.03.27 1988.03.17

Clark,CharlesJ,1979.06.05 1980.01.14

Clark,CharlesJ,1919.09.13 1999.12.12

Clark,CharlesJ,1979.09.13 1984.09.27

Clark, CharlesJ,1979.09.13 2011.09,26

Clark, CharlesJ,1979.09.27 1990.09.26

Clark, Charles J, 1979.09.27 1997.06.21

62 Quebec Clark.ChariesJ,1979.09.27 1992.06.18

48 NFLD&lab. Clark,CharlesJ,1979.1O.03 2005.12.27

60 P.E.I Clark, CharlesJ,1979.10,03 1994.09.18

64 N.B. Clark, Charles J,1979.1O.03 1990.07.01

45 Manitoba Clark, CharlesJ,1979.10.03 1993.02.09

45 Ontario Trudeau,Piern1981.07.02 2010.11.29

4S Ontario Trl.ldeau.Plerre1982.12.22 2010.06.01

570ntano Trudeau,PierrE1982.12.;l3 2000.07.21

69 Quebec Trudeau,Plem1982.12.23 1988.02.17

59 Quebec Trudeau, Piem 1983.04.20 1998.06.21

54 Quebec Trudeau, PierrE 1983.12.23 2004.01.18

69 Ontario Trudeau, Pierre 1983.12.23 1988.09.27

49 Ontano Trudeau, PierrE 1984.01.13 2010.01.02

42 N.S. Trudeau, Plerrd984.01.13 2006.10.31

59 N.S. Trudeau,PlerrE1984.01.13 1999.11.19

40 OntarIo Trudeau,PierrE1984.01.13

50 Quebec Trudeau,Plerre1984.01.13 1998.08.16

39 Quebec Trudeau,PierrE1984.01.16

410r.tarlo Trudeau, Pierre 1984.01.24 1992.08.31

44 Alberta Trudeau. Plerrd984.06.29 2013.01.18

45 Alberta Trudeau, Pierre 1984.06.29 2007.06.30

56 N.B. Trudeau, Pierre 1984.06.29 1994.11.21

62 N.S. Trudeau,Plem1984.06.29 1996.07.06

SO B.C. Trudeau, Pierre 1984.06.29 1998.03.01

45 Quebec Trudeau, Pierre 1984.05.29

40 Ontano Trudeau, PierrE 1984.06.29

49 N.B. Turner,John N(1984.07.09 2009.08.02

57 Quebec Turner, John NI 1984.07.09 1992.11.20

68 Ontario Turner,JohnN(1984.07.09 1991.03.24

61 N.S. Mulroney, Mar1984.12.21 1998.01.04

55 N.B. Mulroney,Mar1984.12.21 2004.05,23

66Sask Mulroney, Mar1984.12.21 1993.0S.25

62 OntarIo Mulroney. Mar1985.03.19 1998.03.10

65 Quebec Mulroney, Mar1985.04.15 1994.12,25

54 N.B. Mulroney, Mar 1985.06.26 2001.06.16

47 Quebec Mulroney, Mar1986.05.02 2000.09.01

52 Ontario Mulroney, MarI9S6.06.30 2009.06.21

49 P.E.1. Mulroney, Mar1986.11.17 2004.07.14

52 NFLD&Lab. Mulroney, Mar 1986.11.17 2012.09.23

57 Manitoba Mulroney, Mar 1986.11.17 2009.07,12

46 Qllebec Mulroney, Mar1986.12.29 1989.12.08

53 NFlD&Lab. Mulroney,MarI987.12.30 1998.01.18

60 Quebec Mulroney. Mar 1988.09.26 2003.09.10

70 Quebec Mulroney, Mar 1988,09.26 1993.05.25

S9 Qllebec Mulroney, Mar 1988.09.26 2004.0415

69 Quebec Mulroney, Mar1988.09.26 1994.05.14

69 Alberta Mulrol'ley,Mar1990.06.11 1991.09.25

60 Quebec Mulroney, Mar 1990.08.30 1994.06.22

SS 8.C. Mulroney,Mar1990.0830 2008.01.31

Retired

Retired

Retired

Retired

Retired

Retired

Retired

Died

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Retired

Died

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Died

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Retired

Died

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Resigned

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Retired

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current

Resigned

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Resigned

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Resigned

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Retired

Died

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Oied

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Oied

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15 M Businessman, merchant MP Minister-Fed 7SM Physician

75 M Barrister and solicitor, lawyer

75 M Businessman, military MP Premier-Manitoba 7SM Entrepreneur

75 F Author, broadcaster, joumallst

75F Businesswoman

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Crown Attorney, judge, lawyer. profe MP Merchant Minister- New Brunswick

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Businesswoman. real estate broker

Charteredaccollntant MP

Author, professor, union staff member

Economist, e)(ecutive

Barristerandsolkitor

Barmter

Senior public servant

Farmer, teacher

Insurance broker

Minister-Fed

MLA-NovaStotla

7S M Author, educator, professor Businessman Mmister - Newfoundland

75 M Author, political scientist, professor, IMP 75 M Farmer Leader of the Opposition-

58 M lawyer Alderman

75 M Author, businessman, joumal1st MP

72 M lawyer, senior public servant

75 M Business executive, civil engineer

75 M Journalist, researcher, script writer, writer

75 M Author, journalist, publisher

75 M Businessman, lawyer

75 M. Barrister, business executive

75M Lawyer 65 M Lecturer, operations analyst, professor, senior public servant

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Lawyer, rancher

Correspondent, journalist, lecturer, t!Mlnlster· Fed

Economist, professor Deputy Prime Minister

Agricultural scientist Minister-Fed

Lawyer MP

Busmesse)(ecutlve Journalist, teacher Deputy Speaker· House of

Garage owner/operator MP

locomotive engineer MP

Broadcastlnge)(ecutlve

Businesswoman, home economist MLA - New Brunswick

Physician

Journalist

Physlclan, professor (associate) • medicine

Charteredaccountanl MLA-NewBrunswick

lawyer

Businessman

Realtor Professor. community college, reading specialist, school principa

Businesswoman, educator

Lawyer lawyer leader of the Opposition-

Administrator, professor, senior public seNan1

Administrator, insurance e)(ecutive

EdUcator, lawyer Commentator, journalist, writer MNA - Quebec

Businessman, soldier

Lawyer, notary Minister· Quebec

Economic consultant, economist, jou Minister· Fed

" 19

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13 7288 19,95 Enghsh Catholic

7922 21,69 English Anglican

30 6118 16.75 EngUsh Jewlsn

28 5202 14,24 Engll$h Anglican

17 4522 12,38 English Protestant

26 1761 4,82 English United Church

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20,25

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32,04

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17,74

23 4650 12,73

26 9583 26,24

18 5466 14,97

29 3925 10,75

10 4880 13,36

30 10744 29,42

10 10024 27,44

30 6422 17,58

27 1884 5,16

5543 15,17

27 7332 20.07

French Jewish

French Catholic

English Presbyteflan

Enghsh Catholic

French Catholic

French Catholic

French

English Protestant

English Catholic

English Catholle

EngUsh United Church

French

French Catholic

English Catholic

English Presbyterian

Enghsh Baptist

English Jewish

English

English

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French Catholic

French (atholic

English JeWIsh

1742 4,77 English Presbyterian

22 9488 25,98 Enghsh Jewish

19 8328 22,80 English

31

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8.61

28,56

16.19

10,40

12,02

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First black English

First of Gre English

Inuit English

Enghsh

English

English

French

English

13,67 First Nations English

28,79 Of lebanes french

28,79 English

25,07 French

8,37 French

6.71 English

13,04 English

19,42 English

8,43 of Gree~ 01 English

12,98 English

9,70 French

1S,98 French

14,34 French

23,00 English

25,86 English

22,65 EngUsh

17,66 born In PolEnghsh

2,95 French

10,05 English

14,96 French

4,66 French

15,55 French

5,63 French

1,29 Enghsh

3,82 French

17,42 English

Baptist

Anglican

Anglican

AnglIcan

Anghcan

UnitedChugh

Catholic

Catholic

Catholic

Catholic

United (hufch

Catholic

United Church

Anglican

United Church

Catholic

Catholic

Catholic

Catholic

(atholic

Catholic

Catholic

Anglican

I1"l I1"l ~ .Q co E .E .s: ~ :c: 0. !:! Ol o :0 ... 'Qi £i £i '?i ~ o

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DiNino,Consiglio

Comeau,Gerald).

Teed,NantVElllabeth

Hatf!eld,RkhardSennett

OUver, D<tnald H.

1938.0l.24

1946.02.01

1949.02.26

1931.04.09

1938.11.16

1924.06.07

1931.04.22

1939.11.28

1929.05.08

1934.07.12

1930.10.02

1930.06.19

1926.08.09

1932.09.23

1925.06.16

1935.05.11

1928.03.12

1939.03.25

1934,03.29

1946.04.27

1938.09.06

Progressive Con

Progres~l\Ie Con

ProgreuiveCon

Progressive Con

Progressive Con

ProgreulveCon

ProgreSSive Con

Progressive Con

Progressive Con

ProgressIVe Con

Progressive Con

Progressive Con

Progressive Con

Progressive Con

Progressive Con

Progressive Con

Progressive Con

Progressive Con

Progressive Con

Progressive Con

Progressive Con

Progressive Con

Sylvain, John

Buchanan,JohnM.

Kinsena,NoelA.

CastonguaV,Claude

Eyton,JohnTrevor

Ketieher, James Francls

Lvnch-Stauntoll,John

OeWare,MabeIM.

Bernts!?n. EricA

Forrestall,J.Mlchael

Grimard,Normand

Keon,WilbertJoseph

Lavole-RolJ~, Therese

Meighen, MichaelA.

Twinn,Walter

Johnson,JanisG.

Ross,JamesW.

Andrevd'luk,Raynell

Rivest,Jeall-Claude

Ghltter, RonaldO.

Stratton, Terry

Jessiman, Duncan James

Gustafson, Leonard).

Prud'hamme,Marcel

Roberge,Femand

Cohen,ErminleJ,

Desmarais, Jean Noel

Tkachuk, David

1944.08.14 Progressive Con

1943.01.27 Progressive Con

1935.0S.22 Progressive Con

1938.03.16 Progressive Can

1923.0605 Progressive Con

1933.11.10 Progressive Con

1934.11.30 Independent

1940.07.19 Progressive Con

1926.07.23 Progressive Con

1924.04.11 Progressive Con

1945.02.18 Progressive Con

Angus,W.Davld 1937.07.21

LeBreton,MarJory 1940.07.04

Nolin, Pierre Claude 1950.10.30

St.Germain,Gerry 1937.11.06

Rou~,Jean-LoUiS 1923.05.18

Bacon, Lise 1934.08.25

Carstalrs,Sharon 1942.04.26

Pearson, Landon 1930.11.16

Bryden,JohnG. 1937.08.25

Gauthler,Jean-Robert 1929.10.22

Hervleu~-Payette, Celine 1941.04.22

Losier-Cool, Rose-Marie 1931.06.18

Milne, Lorna 1934.12.13

RompkeY,Bili 1936.05.13

Anderson, Dons Margaret 1922.07.05

Charette-Poulin, Marle·P. 1922_07.05

Maheu, Shirley 1931.10.07

Landry, Joseph Gerard LaunP.1922.06.19

Taylor, NicholasW. 1927.11.17

Forest,Jean B. 1926.07.24

Mercier, Leonce

Whelan, Eugene

Moore,WllfredP

Pepin,Lucie

Butts,Peggy

Calibeck,CathenneS.

Ferretti Barth, Mansi!

Robichaud,Fernand

Chalifou~, Thelma

1926.08.11

1924.07.11

1942.01.04

1936.09.07

1924.08.15

1939.07.25

1931.04.28

1939.12.G2

Joyal,Serge 1945.0201

Cook,Joan 1934.10.06

Fitzpatrick, D.Ross 193302.04

Johnstone, Archibald Hynd 1924.06.12

Kroft,Richardl-!. 1938.0S.n

Mailovlich,frankW 193801.10

Progressive Con

Progressive Con

Progressive Con

Progressive Con

liberal Party of

Liberal Party of

L!betalPartyof

liberal Party of

tlberalPartyof

Liberal Party of

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41 N.B. Mulroney, Mar 1990.08.30 1993.01.29

59 N.B. Mulroney, MarI990.09.07 1991.04.26

51 N.S. Mulroney, Mar 1990.09.07

66 Quebec Mulroney, Mar 1990.09.07 1996.02.01

59 N.S. Mulroney, Mar 1990.09.12 2006.04.n

SO N,B. Mulroney, Mar1990.0S.12

61 Quebec Mulroney, Mar 1990.09.23 1992.12.09

560ntano Mulroney, Mar 1990.09.23 2009.07.12

59 Ontario Mulroney, Mar 1990.09.23 2005.10.02

60 Quebec Mulroney, Mar1990.09.23 2005.06.19

64 N.B. Mulronev, Mar 1990.09.23 2001.08.09

49 Western Mulroney, Mar 1990.0S.27 2001.02.27

58 MaritImes Mulroney, Mari990.09.27 2006.06.08

65 Quebec Mulroney, Mar 1990.09.27 2000.06.16

550ntano Mulroney, Mar 1990.09.27 2010.05.17

62 Quebec Mulroney, Mar 1990.09.21 2001.03.12

51 Ontario Mulroney, Mar 1990.09.27 2012.02.06

56 Alberta Mulroney, Mar 1990.09.27 1997.10.30

44 Westem Mulroney, Mar 1990.09.27

52 Maritimes Mulroney, Mar 1990.09.27 1993.05.25

48Sask Mulroney, Mar 1993.03.11

50 Quebec Mulroney, MarI993.03.11

57 Alberta Mulronev, Mar 1993.03.25 2000.03.31

55 Manitoba Mulroney, Mar 1993.03.25 2013.03.16

69 Manltoba Mulroney, Mar 1993.05.26 1998.06.05

59Sask Mulroney, Mar 1993.05.26 200S.11.10

58 Quebec Mulroney, Mar 1993.05.26 2009.11.30

52 Quebec Mulroney, Mar1993.05.26 2000.07.19

66 N.B. Mulroney, Mar1993.06.04 2001.01.23

690ntano Mulroney, Mar 1993.06.04 1995.01.25

48 Sask Mulroney, Mar 1993.06.08

55 Quebec Mulroney, Mar1993.06.10 2012.0721

520nlario Mulroney,Mar1993,06.18

42 Quebec MulroneV, Mar 1993.06.18

55 B.C, Mulroney, Mar 1993.06.23 2012.11.06

71 Quebec Chri!tlen,Josep1994.08.31 1996.08.08

60 Quebec Chretien, Josep1994.09.15 2009.08,25

52 Manitoba Chretien, Josep1994.09.15 2011.10.17

630ntano Chretien, Josep 1994.09.15 2005.11.16

51 N.B. Chretien, Josep1994.11.23 2009.10.31

65 Ontario Chri!tlen, Josep1994.1l.23 2004,10.22

53 Quebec Chri:tien, JosepI995.03.21

57 N.B. Chretien,Josep1995.03.21 2012.06.18

60 Ontario chrelien, Josep1995.09.21 2009.12.13

59 NFlD&Lab. chretien, Josep 1995.09 21 2011.05.13

50 P.E.I. Cilri!tien, JosepI995.09.21 1997,07.05

13 Ontario Chretlen,Josep1995.09 21

64 Quebec Chretlan, Josep 1996.02.01 2006,02.01

73 N.B. Chretien, Josep 1996.02.26 1997.06.19

68 Alberta Chretien, Josep 1996.03.07 1996.03.07

69 Alberta Chretien, Josep1996.05.16 1998.08.28

69 Quebec Chnitlen, Josep1996.08.09 2001.08.11

12 Ontano Chretien, Josep 1996.08.09 1999.07.11

54 N.5. Chretlen, JosepI996.09.26

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73 N.S. Chretien,Josep1997.09.22 1999.08.15

58 P.E I Chretien, Josep1997.09.22

66 Quebec Chretlen,Josep1997.09.22 2006.04.28

57 N.B. Chretien, Josep1997.09.22

6S Alberta chretlerl, Josep1997.11.26

52 Quebec Chretien, Josep 1997.11.26

63 NFtD&Lab. Chretien, Josep 1998.03.06 2009.10.06

65 S.c. Chretien, JOsep 1998.03.06 2008.02.04

73 P.E I. Chretien, Josep 1995.03.06 1999.06.12

60 Manitoba Chretlen,Josep1998.06.U 2004.09.24

60 Ontario Chretlen,losepI998.06.11 2013.01.10

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59 NFlD&lab. Chretien, Josep 2002.03.26

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60 Manitoba Chretien,Josep2002.12.12

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53 Alberta Martin, Paul Ed 2005.03.24

63 Ontario Martin, Paul Ed 2005.03.24

67 Sask Martin, Paul Ed 2005.03.24 2012.10.19

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63 N.S. Martin, Paul Ed200S.03.24

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57 N.S Martin,PauIEd2005.09,21

44 Quebec Harper,Stephe2006.0227 2008.09,07

69 Alberta Harper.Stephe2007.0710 2013.03.22

71 N.S. Harper, Stephe 2009.01.02 2012.02.09

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8,05 English

8,05 English

8,05 English

8,05 English

7,58 French

8,05 Enghsh

8,05 French

8,05 English

7,70 French

7,70 French

7,70 English

7,70 English

7,70 French

6,26 English

3,70 First NatiolMallseet Eflglish

7,56 French

2,53 English

5,70 English

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4,28

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Manning, Fabian

Martin, Yona!'!

Mockler, Percy

Neufeld, Richard

1964.05.21 Conservative Pa

1965.04.11 Conservative Pa

1949.04.14 Conservative Pa

1944.11.06 Conservative Pa

Raine, Nancy Greene 1943.05.11 Conservative Pa

Rivard, Michel 1941.08.07 Conservative Pa

Wallace, John D. 1949.03.26 Conservative Pa

Wallin, Pamela 1953.04.10 Conservative Pa

Duffy, Michael 1946.05.27 Conservative Pa

Eaton, Nicole 1945.01.21 ConseNative Pa

8razeau, Patrick 1974,11,11 Conservative Pa

Housakos, Leo 1968.01.10 Conservative Pa

Fortin-Duplessis, Suzanne 1940.06.30 Conservative Pa

Flnlev. Doug 1946,07.25 Conservative Pa

Frum, Linda

Ogilvie, Kelvin Kenneth

Patterson, Dennis Glen

Plett, Donald Neil

Seldman,Judith

Stewart Olsen, Carolyn

Carignan, Claude

Demers, Jacques

Kochhar, Vim

Runciman, Bob

Boisvenu, Pierre-Hugues

Marshall,E!izabeth

Poirier, Rose-May

Bra!ey, David

AtauliahJan,Salma

1963,01.13 Conservative Pa

1942.11.06 Conservative Pa

1948.12.30 Conservative Pa

1950.05.14 Conservative Pa

1950.09.01 Conservative Pa

1946.07.27 Conservative Pa

1964.12.04 Conservative Pa

1944.08.25 Conservative Pa

1936.09,21 Conservative Pa

1942.08.10 Conservative Pa

1949.02.12 Conservative Pa

1951.09.07 Conservative Pa

1954.03.02 Conservative Pa

1941.05.31 Conservative Pa

1952.04.29 Conservative Pa

Meredith, Don 1964.07.13 Conservative Pa

Smith, larry 1951.04.28 Conservative Pa

Manning, Fabian 1964.05.21 Conservative Pa

Smith, Larry 1951.04.28 Conservative Pa

Verner, Josee 1959,12.30 Conservative Pa

Maltais, Ghlslaln 1944.04.22 Conservative Pa

Seth, Asha 1939.12.15 Conservative Pa

Unger, Betty E, 1943.08,21 Conservative Pa

Buth, JoAnne L. 1954,05.23 Conservative Pa

Doyle, Norman E. 1945,11.11 Conservative Pa

Dagenais, Jean-Guy 1950.02.02 Conservative Pa

White. Vernon 1959.02.21 COl"IServative Pa

Mcinnis, Thomas Johnson 1945.04.09 Conservative Pa

Mcintyre, Paul E. 1947.05.06 Conservative Pa

Ngo. Thanh Hai 1947.01.03 Conservative Pa

Bellemare, Diane 1949.10.13 Conservative Pa

Enverga. Jr" Tobias C. 1955.12.02 Conservative Pa

Batters, Denise 1970.06.18 Conservative Pa

Sevak, lvnn 1949.02.18 Conservative Pa

Black, Douglas 1952.05.10 Conservative Pa

Oh, Victor 1949.06.10 Conservative Pa

Wells, David M. 1962.02.28 Conservative Pa

Tannas, Scott 1962.02.25 Conservative Pa

44 NFlD&Lab. Harper, stephe 2009.01.02 2011.03.28

44 B.C. Harper, Stephe 2009.01.02

59 N.S. Harper, Stephe 2009.01.02

64 B.C.

65 B.C.

67 Quebec

59 N.B.

55Sask

62 P.E.l.

630ntarlo

34 Quebec

32 Quebec

68 Quebec

63 Ontario

46 Ontario

66 N.S.

Harper, Stephe 2009.01.02

Harper, stephe 2009.01.02

Harper, stephe 2009.01.02

Harper, Stephe 2009.01.02

Harper, Stephe 2009.01.02

Harper, Stephe 2009.01.02

Harper, Stephe 2009.01.02

Harper, Stephe 2009.01.08

Harper, Stephe 2009.01.08

Harper, Stephe 2009.01.14

Harper, Stephe 2009.08.27

Harper, Stephe 2009.08.27

Harper, Stephe 2009.08.27

60 Nunavut Harper, Stephe 2009.08.27

59 Manitoba Harper, Stephe 2009.08.27

58 Quebec Harper, Stephe 2009.08.27

63 N,B. Harper, Stephe 2009,08.27

44 Quebec Harper, Stephe 2009.08.27

65 Quebec Harper, Stephe 2009.08.27

73 Ontario Harper, stephe 201,.0.01.29 2011.09.21

67 Ontario Harper, Stephe 2010.01.29

60 Quebec Harper, Stephe 2010.01.29

58 NFlD&Lab. Harper, Stephe 2010.01.29

55 N.B. Harper, Stephe 2010.02.28

68 Ontario Harper, Stephe 2010,05.20

58 Ontario Harper, Stephe 2010.07,09

46 Ontario Harper, stephe 2010.12.18

59 Quebec Harper, Stephe 2010.12.18 2011.03.25

47 NFlD&lab. Harper, Stephe 2011.05.25

60 Quebec Harper, Stephe 2011.05.25

51 Quebec Harper, Stephe 2011.06.13

67 Quebec Harper, Stephe 2012.01.06

72 Ontario Harper, Stephe 2012.01.06

68 Alberta Harper, stephe 2012.01.06

57 Manitoba Harper, Stephe 2012.01.06

66 NFLD&Lab. Harper, Stephe 2012.01.06

61 Quebec Harper, Stephe 2012,01.17

52 Ontario Harper, Stephe 2012.02.20

67 N.S. Harper, stephe 2012.09.06

67 N.B. Harper, Stephe 2012.09.06

65 Ontario Harper, Stephe 2012.09.06

62 Quebec Harper, Stephe 2012.09.06

57 Ontario Harper, Stephe 2012.09,06

42 Sask Harper, Stephe 2013.01.25

63 Ontario Harper, Stephe 2013,01.26

60 Alberta Harper, Stephe 2013.01.27

63 Ontario Harper, Stephe 2013.01.28

50 NFlD&lab. Harper, Stephe 2013.01.29

51 Alberta Harper,Stephe 2013.03.25

57,2

Resigned

current

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current

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MLA - New Brunswick

MLA· BriUsh Columbia

Administrator, businessman, director Municipal Government

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Chancellor emeritus, corporate director, entrepreneur

Broadcast Journalist, political commentator, reporter

Columnist, director, trustee

Aboriginal leader

Business manager, director

teacher Alderman

Administrator-manager, business manager, director

Author, columnist, journalist

Professor, researcher, scientist, university president

Consultant, lawyer Premier - NWT

Businessman, president' manager

Consultant, educator, epidemiologist, researcher, social worker

Communications director, registered nurse

LalNYer, professor of law Mavor

Coach, radio & t.v. commentator

Business manager, engineer, president I manager

Manager, newspaper owner leader of the Opposition -

Activist, director, senior public servant

Auditor, chartered accountant, seniolMLA· Newfoundland

Businesswoman, insurance agent, SIMLA - New Brunswick

Businessman

Activist, artist, realtor

Businessman, clergyperson, community activist, entrepreneur, pa

Business executive, business executive, Canadian Football Leagl

Business manager, development corMP

Business executive, Canadian Football League Commissioner, co

Executive assistant, political adviser MP

Consultant, insurance broker

Gynaecologist, obstetrician

Businesswoman, registered nurse

PresIdent I manager

Businessman

Police officer

Police chief, RCMP oHlcer

Lawver

lawyer

MNA-Quebec

Minister - Newfoundland

MLA· Nova Scotia

Citizenship judge, diplomat, educalor, human rights activist

Economist, executive manager, professor

Project manager

lawyer

Business owner

Lawyer

BUSinessman

Business executive. public servant

School Trustee

Chief executive officer, president I manager

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158

Annex 2: Table of women and First Nation peoples in Senate and House of Commons

ANNEXE2

159

Annex 2: Table of women and First Nation peoples in Senate and House of Commons

Senators Page 1 of 3

Parliament of Canada

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SENATORS

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92 Senators

Name

Anderson, D~ri~ Margaret

Anderson, Margaret Jean

Andreychuk, Raynell

Ataullahjan, Salma

Bacon. lise

Batters, Denise

8ell (Heath). Ann E'iz_th Haddon

Bellemare, Diane

Beyak, Lynn

Bielish. Martha Palamarek

Bird, Florence Bayard

Buth. JoAnne L.

Butts, Peggy

Callbeck, Catherine S.

Carney, Pat

Carstairs, Sharon

Casgrain, Therese Forget

Chalifoux, Thelma

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Chaput, Maria

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Charette-Poulin, Marie-P.

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Political Affiliation at Appointed on the advice ~Ap;,,;;;p:;a;,in;,t~mc,;e.;;n~t ~~=~=.Province I Territory of Term (yyyy.mm.dd)

Liberal PartY-of Canada P~i~~'eEdw-~~"lsland Chretien, jo~~ph "Jacques 1995j)92"i - 19fi7 .07 .05

Liberal Party of Canada

Progressive ConselVative Party

Jean (Retirement)

New Brunswick Trudeau, Pierre Eiliott 1978.0323 - 1990.06.07 (Retirement)

Saskatchewan Mulroney, Martin Brian 1993.03.11 -

Conservative Party of Canada Ontario

Liberal Party of Canada Quebec

Harper, Stephen 2010.07.09-

Chretien, Joseph Jacques 1994.09.15 - 2009.08.25 Jean (Retirement)

Conservative Party of Canada Saskatchewan Harper, Stephen 2013.01.25-

Liberal Party of Canada British Columbia Trudeau, Pierre Elliott 1970.10.07 -1989.11.29 (Death)

ConselVative Party of Canada Quebec

Conservative Party of Canada Ontario

Harper. Stephen

Harper, Stephen

Clark, Charles Joseph

2012.09.06 -2013.01.25 -

Progressive Conservative Party

Liberal Party of Canada

Alberta

Ontario

1979.09.27 - 1990.09.26 (ReSignation)

1978.03.23 - 1983.01.15 (Retirement)

Conservative Party of Canada Manitoba Harper. Stephen 2012.01.06-

liberal Party of Canada

liberal Party of Canada

Progressive Conservative Party Liberaf Party of Canada~

Independent

Liberal Party of Canada

Nova Scotia Chretien, Joseph Jacques 1997.09.22 -1999.08.15 Jean (Retirement)

Prince Edward Island Chretien, Joseph Jacques 1997.09.22-Jean

British Columbia ~Mulioney, Martin Br~n 1990.08.30 - 2008.01'.31 (ReSignation)

Manitoba Chreti~n, Joseph Jacques ~1994.09.1~5'~ 2011.10.17 Jean (Resignation)

Quebec Trudeau, Pierre Elliott 1970.10.07 -1971.07.10 (Retirement)

Alberta Chretien, Joseph Jacques 1997.11.26 - 2004.02.08 Jean (Retirement)

Conservative Party of Canada Quebec Martin, Paul Edgar 2005.08.02 -

Liberal Party of Canada

Progressive Conservative Party

Liberal Party of Canada

Manitoba

Quebec

Ontario

Philippe

Chretien, Joseph Jacques 2002.12.12-Jean

Mulroney, Martin Brian 1988.09.26 - 1994.05.14 (Retirement)

Chretien, Joseph Jacques 1995.0921-Jean

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160

Annex 2: Table of women and First Nation peoples in Senate and House of Commons

Senators Page 2 of 3

Christensen, lone

Cochrane, Ethel M.

Cohen, Erminie J.

Cook, Joan

Cools, Anne C.

Cordy, Jane

DeWare. Mabel M.

Oyck, Lillian Eva

Eaton, Nicole

Fairbairn, Joyce

Fallis, Iva Campbell

Fergusson, Muriel McQueen

Ferretti Barth. Marisa

Finestone, Sheila

Finnerty,lsobel

Forest, Jean 8.

Fortin-Duplessis, Suzanne

Fraser, Joan

Frum, Linda

Hervieux-Payette, Celina

Hodges, Nancy

Liberal Party of Canada Yukon

Progressive Conservative Newfoundland and Party Labrador

Progressive Conservative New Brunswick Party

liberal Party of Canada Newfoundland and labrador

Liberal Party of Canada Ontario

Liberal Party of Canada Nova Scotia

Progressive Conservative New Brunswick Party

New Democratic Party Saskatchewan

Conservative Party of Canada Ontario

Liberal Party of Canada Alberta

Conservative (1867-1942) Ontario

Liberal Party of Canada New Brunswick

Liberal Party of Canada Quebec

Liberal Party of Canada Quebec

Liberal Party of Canada Ontario

Liberal Party of Canada Alberta

Conservative Party of Canada Quebec

Liberal Party of Canada Quebec

ConselVative Party of Canada Ontario

Liberal Party of Canada Quebec

Liberal Party of Canada British Columbia

ChflWen, Joseph Jacques 1999.09.02 - 2006.12.31 Jean (Resignation)

Mulroney, Martin Brian 1986.11.17·2012.09.23 (Retirement)

Mulroney, Martin Brian 1993.06.04 - 2001.07.23 (Retirement)

Chretien, Joseph Jacques 1998.03.06 - 2009.10.06 Jean (Retirement)

Trudeau, Pierre Elliott 1984.01.13-Chretien, Joseph Jacques 2000.06.09 ~ Jean Mulroney, Martin Brian

Martin, Paul Edgar Philippe

Harper, Stephen

Trudeau, Pierre Elliott

Bennett, Richard Bedford

1990.0923·2001.08.09 (Retirement)

2005.03.24 •

2009.01.02 .

1984.06.29·2013.01.18 (Resignation)

1935.0720·1956.03.07 (Death)

St-Laurent, Louis Stephen 1953.05.19 -1975.05.23 (Resignation)

Chretien, Joseph Jacques 1997.09.22 - 2006.0428 Jean (Retirement)

Chretien, Joseph Jacques 1999.08.11 - 2002.0128 Jean (Retirement)

Chretien, Joseph Jacques 1999.09.02 ~ 2005.07.15 Jean (Retirement)

Chretien, Joseph Jacques 1996.05.16 - 1998.08.28 Jean (Resignation)

Harper, Stephen 2009.01.14-Chretien, Joseph Jacques' 1998.09.17 ~ Jean

Harper, Stephen 2009.08.27 ~

Chretien, Joseph Jacques 1995.03.21-Jean

St-Laurent, Louis Stephen 1953.11.05·1965.06.12 (Resignation)

Hubley, Elizabeth Liberal Party of Canada Prince Edward Island Chretien, Joseph Jacques 2001.03.08· Jean

Inman, Florence Elsie Liberal Party of Canada Prince Edward Island SI-Laurent, Louis Stephen 1955.07.28 -1986.05.31 (Death)

Irvine, Olive lillian Progressive Conservative Party

Manitoba Oiefenbaker, John "George 1960.01.14 -1969.11.01

Jaffer, Mobina S.B. Liberal Party of Canada

Jodoin, Marianna Beauchamp Liberal Party of Canada

Johnson, Janis G. Progressive Conservative Party

Kennedy, Betty Liberal Party of Canada

Kinnear, Mary Elizabeth Liberal Party of Canada

Lapointe, Louise Marguerite Liberal Party of Canada Renaude

Lavoie-Roux, Therese Progressive Conservative Party

LeBreton, Marjory Progressive Conservative Party

Leger, Viola Liberal Party of Canada

Losier-Gool, Rose-Marie Liberal Party of Canada

Lovelace Nicholas, Sandra Liberal Party of Canada

Maheu, Shirley Liber~1 Party of Canada

Maloney, Marian L. Liberal Party of Canada

Marsden, Lorna Liberal Party of Canada

British Columbia

Quebec

Western Provinces (Division)

Ontario

Ontario

Quebec

Quebec (Division)

Ontario

New Brunswick

New Brunswick

New Brunswick

Quebec

Ontario

Ontario

Marshall, Elizabeth Conservative Party of Canada Newfoundland and

Martin, Yonah

McCoy, Elaine

Merchant, Pana

Labrador

Conservative Party of Canada British Columbia

Progressive Conservative Alberta Party

Liberal Party of Canada Saskatchewan

(Death) Chretien, Joseph Jacques 2001.06.13-Jean

St-Laurent, Louis Stephen 1953.05.19 -1966.06.01 (Resignation)

Mulroney, Martin Brian 1990.09.27-

Chretien, Joseph Jacques 2000.06.20·2001.01.04 Jean (Retirement)

Pearson, Lester Bowles 1967.04.06 -1973.04.03 (Retirement)

Trudeau, Pierre Elliott 1971.11.10 ·1987.01.03 (Retirement)

Mulroney, Martin Brian 1990.0927 - 2001.03.12 (Resignation)

Mulroney. Martin Brian 1993.06.18-

ChreHien, Joseph Jacques 2001.06.13 - 2005.06.29 Jean (Retirement)

Chretien, Joseph Jacques 1995.03.21 - 2012.06.18 Jean (Retirement)

Martin, Paul Edgar 2005.09.21 -Philippe

Chretien, Joseph Jacques 1996.02.01 - 2006.02.01 Jean (Death)

Chretien, Joseph Jacques 1998.06.11 -1999.08.16 Jean (Retirement)

Trudeau, Pierre Elliott 1984.0124 -1992.08.31 (Resignation)

Harper, Stephen 2010.0129-

Harper, Stephen 2009.01.02-

Martin, Paul Edgar 2005.03.24 -Ph~ippe

Chretien, Joseph Jacques 2002.12.12-Jean

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161

Annex 2: Table of women and First Nation peoples in Senate and House of Commons

Senators Page 3 of 3

Milne. Lorna Liberal Party of Canada

Nancy Ruth Progressive Conservative Party

Neiman, Joan Bissett Liberal Party of Canada

Norrie, Margaret Rosamond Liberal Party of Canada Fawcett

Pearson, Landon Liberal Party of Canada

Pepin, Lucie liberal Party of Canada

Plamondon, Madeleine Independent

Poirier, Rose-May Conservative Party of Canada

Poy, Vivienne Liberal Party of Canada

Quart, Josie Alice Progressive Conservative Party

Raine, Nancy Greene Conservative Party of Canada

Ringuette, Pierrette Liberal Party of Canada

Robertson, Brenda Progressive Conservative Party

Rossiter, Eileen Progressive Conservative Party

Rousseau, Yvette Boucher Liberal Party of Canada

Seidman, Judith Conservative Party of Canada

Seth. Asha Conservative Party of Canada

Spivak. Mira Progressive Conservative Party

Stewart Olsen, Carolyn Conservative Party of Canada

Tardif, Claudette Liberal Party of Canada

Teed. Nancy Elizabeth Progressive Conservative Party

Trenholme Counsell, Marilyn Liberal Party of Canada

Unger, B~tty 'E. Conservative Party of Canada

Verner, Josee Conservative Party of Canada

Wailin, Pamela Conservative Party of Canada

Wilson, Cairine Aeay Liberal Party of Canada

Wilson, Lois Independent

Wood, Dalia Liberal Party of Canada

Ontario

Ontario

Ontario

Nova Scotia

Ontario

Quebec

Quebec

New Brunswick

Ontario

Quebec

British Columbia

New Brunswick

New Brunswick

Prince Edward Island

Quebec

Quebec

Ontario

Manitoba

New Brunswick

Alberta

New Brunswick

New Brunswick

Alberta

Quebec

Saskatchewan

Ontario

Ontario

Quebec

Chretien, Joseph Jacques 1995.09.21 - 2009.12.13 Jean (Retirement)

Martin, Paul Edgar 2005.03.24-Philippe

Trudeau, Pierre Elliott

Trudeau, Pierre Elliott

1972.09.01 -1995.09.09 (Retirement)

1972.04.27 -1980.10.16 (Retirement)

Chretien, Joseph Jacques 1994.09.15 - 2005.11.16 Jean (Retirement)

Chretien, Joseph Jacques 1997.04.08 - 2011.09.07 Jean (Retirement)

Chretien, Joseph Jacques 2003.09.09 - 2006.09.21 Jean (Retirement)

Harper, Stephen 2010.0228-

Chretien, Joseph Jacques 1998.09.17 - 2012.09.17 Jean (Resignation)

Diefenbaker, John George 1960.11.16 - 1980.04.17 (Death)

Harper, Stephen 2009.01.02-

Chretien, Joseph Jacques 2002.12.12-Jean

Mulroney, Martin Brian

Mulroney, Martin Brian

Trudeau, Pierre Elliott

Harper. Stephen

Harper, Stephen

Mulroney, Martin Brian

Harper, Stephen

Martin, Paul Edgar Philippe Mulroney. Martin Brian

1984.1221- 2004.05.23 (Retirement)

1986.11.17 - 2004.07.14 (Retirement)

1979.0327 -1988.03.17 (Death) 2009.08.27 -2012.01.06-

1986.11.17 - 2009.07.12 (Retirement)

2009.0827 -2005.0324-

1990.08.30 -1993.01.29 (Death)

Chretien, Joseph Jacques 2003.09.09 - 2008.1022 Jean (Retirement)

Harper, Stephen 2012.01.06-

Harper, Stephen 2011.06.13-

Harper. Stephen 2009.01.02-King, William Lyon C 1930.02.15 -1962.03~03 Mackenzie (D.ea~h)

Chretien, Joseph Jacques 1998.06.11 - 2002.04.08 Jean (Retirement)

Trudeau, Pierre Elliott 1979.03.26 - 1999.01.31 (Resignation)

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162

Annex 2: Table of women and First Nation peoples in Senate and House of Commons

Members of The House Of Commons

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Women

255 Members of the House of Commons

Name

Macphail. Agnes Campbell

Black, Martha louise

Nielsen, Dorise Winifred

Casselman, Cora Taylor

Strum. Gladys Grace Mae

Fairclough, Ellen louks

Aitken, Margaret

Bennett. Sybil

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Jewett, Pauline

Konant:z. Margaret McTavish

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Rideout. Margaret Isabel

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MacD.onald, Flora Isabel

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Grey Southeast. 0ntario

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Ahuntsic, Quebec

York South, Ontario

Skeena, British Columbia

South Western Nova, Nova Scotia

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Trinity, Ontario

Ottawa-Carleton, Ontario

Mercier, Quebec

Saint-Michel, Quebec

Vancouver East, British Columbia

Scarborough Centre, Ontario

Roberval, Quebec

Page lof5

Date of First Election

1921.12.06 1935.10.14

1940.03.26 1941.06.02 (By-Election)

1945.06.11 1950.05.15

(By-Election)

1953.06.10 1953.08.10

1953.08.10 1958.09.29

(By·Election)

1960.10.31 (By·Election)

1961.05.29 (By-Election)

1962.08.18

1963.04.06 1963.04.08

1964.06.22 (By-Election)

1964.11.09 (By-Election)

1965.11.06 1972.10.30

1972.10.30 1972.10.30 1972.10.30

1974.07.08 1974.07.08

1974.07.08 1974.07.08 1974.07.08

1976.10.18 (By-Election)

1979.05.22 1979.05.22

1979.05.22

1979.05.22

1980.02.18

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163

Annex 2: Table of women and First Nation peoples in Senate and House of Commons

Members of The House Of Commons Page 2 of 5

Carney, Pat Progressive Conservative Vancouver Centre, British Columbia 1980.02.18

Cote, Eva Lachance Liberal Rimouski, Quebec 1980.02.18

Erala, Judith A. Liberal Nickel Belt, Ontario 1980.02.18

Cossitt. Jennifer Progressive ConS8IVative Leeds--Grenville. Ontario 1982.10.12 (By-Election)

McDonald, Lynn New Democratic Party Broadview--Greenwood, Ontario 1982.10.12 (By-Election)

~~~rtrand, Gabrielle Progressive Conservative Brome-Missisquoi, Quebec 1984.09.04

Blais-Grenier, Suzanne Progressive Conservative Rosemont, Quebec 1984.09.04

Blouin, Anne Progressive Conservative Montmorency-Orleans, Quebec 1984.09.04

Bourgault, Lise Progressive Conservative Argenleuil--Papineau, Quebec 1984.09.04

Browes, Pauline Progressive Conservative Scarborough Centre, Ontario 1984.09.04

Champagne, Andree Progressive Conservative Sainl-Hyacinthe--Bagot, Quebec 1984.09.04

Collins, Mary Progressive Conservative Capilano, British Columbia 1984.09.04

Copps, Sheila Maureen Liberal Hamilton East, Ontario 1984.09.04

Finestone, Sheila Liberal Mount Royal, Quebec 1984.09.04

Fortin-Duplessis, Suzanne Progressive Conservative Louis-Hebert, Quebec 1984.09.04

Jacques, Carole Progressive Conservative Montreal--Mercier, Quebec 1984.09.04

Landry, Monique Progressive Conservative Blainville-Deux-Montagnes, Quebec 1984.09.04

Mailly. Claudy Progressive Conservative Gatineau, Quebec 1984.09.04

Martin, Shir1ey Progressive Conservative Lincoln, Ontario 1984.09.04

McDougatl. Barbara Jean Progressive Conservative St. Paul's, Ontario 1984.09.04

Pepin, Lucie Liberal Dutremont, Quebec 1984.09.04

Sparrow, Barbara Jane (Bobbie) Progressive Conservative Calgary South, Alberta 1984.09.04

Tardif, .Monique Bematchez Progressive Conservative Charlesbourg, Quebec 1984.09.04

Vezina, Monique Progressive Conservative Rimouski-T emiscouata, Quebec 1984.09.04

Dewar, Marion New Democratic Party Hamilton Mountain, Ontario 1987.07.20 (~y~E~~ion)

McLaughlin, Audrey Mar1ene New Democratic Party Yukon, Yukon 1987.07.20 (By-Election)

Anderson, Edna Progressive Conservative Simcoe Centre, Ontario 1988.11.21

Black, Dawn New Democratic Party New Westminster--Bumaby, British Columbia 1988.11.21

Blondin-Andrew, Ethel Dorothy Liberal Western Arctic, Northwest Territories 1988.11.21

Callbeck, Catherine S. Liberal Malpeque, Prince Edward Island 1988.11.21

Campbell, A. Kim Progressive Conservative Vancouver Centre, British Columbia 1988.11.21

Catterall, Marlene liberal Ottawa West, Ontario 1988.11.21

Clancy, Mary Catherine Liberal Halifax, Nova Scotia 1988.11.21

D~i.~, Dorothy I. Progressive Conservative Winnipeg South, Manitoba 1988.11.21

Feltham, Louise Progressive Conservative Wild Rose, Alberta 1988.11.21

Gaffney. Beryl Liberal Nepean, Ontario 1988.11.21

Gibeau, Marie Progressive Conservative Bourassa, Quebec 1988.11.21

Greene, Barbara Progressive Conservative Don Valley North, Ontario 1988.11.21

Guarnieri, Albina Liberal Mississauga East, Ontario 1988.11.21

Hunter, Lynn New Democratic Party Saanich--Gulf Islands, British Columbia 1988.11.21

Langan, Joy New Democratic Party Mission-Coquitlam, British Columbia 1988.11.21

Maheu, Shirley Liberal Saint-Laurent, Quebec 1988.11.21

Marleau, Diane Liberal Sudbury,~Ontario 1988.11.21

Phinney, Elizabeth (8eth) Liberal Hamilton Mountain, Ontario 1988.11.21

Roy-Arcelln, Nicole Progressive Conservative Ahuntsic, Quebec 1988.11.21

Stewart, Christine Susan Liberal Northumber1and, Ontario 1988.11.21

Venne, Pierrette Progressive Conservative Saint-Hubert, Quebec 1988.11.21

Grey, Deborah C. Reform Beaver River, Alberta 1989.03:;3 (By-Election)

Ablonc~, Diane Reform ~~g~I.fY Nort~, A.lberta 1993.10.25

Augustine, Jean Liberal Etobicoke--Lakeshore, Ontario i993:10.25

Bakopanos, Eleni Liberal Saint-Denis, Quebec 1993.10.25

B~nes~ Susan (Sue) Liberal London West, Ontario 1993.10.25

Beaumier, Colleen Liberal Srampton, Ontario Hi93.1o.25

Bethel. Judith Claire (Judy) Liberal Edmonton East, Alberta 1993.10.25

Bridgma,:\~arg.aret Reform Surrey North, British Columbia 1993.10.25

Brown, Sonnie Liberal Oakville-Milton, Ontario 1993.10.25

Brown, Jan Reform Calgary Southeast, Alberta 1993.10.25

Brushett, Dianne Liberal Cumber1and-Golchester, Nova Scotia 1993.10.25

Chamberlain, Brenda Liberal Guelph-Wellington, Ontario 1993.Hl.25

Cohen, Elizabeth Shaughnessy Liberal Windsor--St. Clair, Ontario 1993.10.25

Cowling, Marlene Liberal Oauphin--Swan River, Manitoba 1993.10.25

Dalphond-Guiral, Madeleine Bloc QuebeCOIS Laval Centre, Quebec 1993.10.25

Debien, Maud Bloc Quebecois Laval East, Quebec 1993.10.25

FlY, Hedy Liberal Vancouver Centre, British Columbia 1993.10.25

Ga~non, C:hristiane Bloc Quebecois Quebec, Quebec 1993.10.25

Guay, Monique sioc Quebecois Laurentides, Quebec 1993.;0.25

Hayes, Sharon Ruth Reform Port Moody--Goquitlam, British Columbia 1993.10.25

Hickey, Patricia (Bonnie) Liberal St. John's East, Newfoundland and Labrador 1993.10.25

Jennings, Daphne G. Reform Mission-Coquitlam, British Columbia 1993.10.25

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164

Annex 2: Table of women and First Nation peoples in Senate and House of Commons

Members of The House Of Commons

Kraft Sloan, Karen

Lalonde, Francine

McLenan, A. Anne

Meredith, Valerie (Val)

Minna, Maria

Parrish, Carolyn

Payne, Jean

Picard, Pauline

Ringuette, Pierrette

Sheridan, Georgette

Skoke, Roseanne

Stewart, Jane Terrana, Anna Marina

Torsney, Paddy

Tremblay, Suzanne

Ur, Rose-Marie Margaret

Wayne, Elsie Eleanore

Whelan, Susan

Robillard, Lucienne

Alarie, Helene

Bennett. Carolyn

Bradshaw. Claudette

Bulte, Sarmite D.

Caplan, Elinor

Carroll, M. Aileen

Davies, Libby

Desjarlais, Bev

Oockrill, Michelle Folco, Raymonde

Girard-Bujold, Jocelyne

Hardy, Louise

Jennings, Marlene

Karetak-lindell, Nancy Leung, M. Sophia

lill, Wendy

Longfield, Judi

McDonough. Alexa

Redman, Karen

St+-lilaire, Caroline

St-Jacques, Diane

Thibeault, Yolande

Vautour, Angela

Wasylycia~Leis, Judy

Sgro, Judy

Allard, Carole~Marie

Bourgeois, Diane

Gallant, Cheryl

Hinton, Betty

Neville, Anita

Scherrer, Heifme C.

Skelton, Carol

Yelich, Lynne

Frulla, Liza

Ambrose, Rona

Boivin .. , F~.~nYOise Bonsant, France

Brunelle, Paule

Crowder. Jean

Demers, Nicole

Deschamps, Johanne

Dhalla, Ruby

Faille, Meili

Finley, Diane

Grewal, Nina

Guergis, Helena

Kadis, Susan

Lavallee, Carole

Oda, Bev

Poirier~Rivard, Denise

Ratansi, Yasmin

Liberal

Bloc Queb(kois

Liberal

Reform

Liberal

Liberal

Liberal

Bloc Quebecois

Liberal

Liberal

Liberal

Liberal

Liberal

Liberal

Bloc Quebecois

Liberal

Progressive Conservative

Liberal

Liberal

Bloc Quebecois

Liberal

Liberal

Liberal

Liberal

Liberal

New Democratic Party

New Democratic Party

New Democratic Party

Liberal

Bloc Quebecois

New Democratic Party

liberal

Liberal

Liberal

New Democratic Party

Liberal

New Democratic Party

Liberal

Bloc Quebecois

Progressive Conservative

Liberal

New Democratic Party

New Democratic Party

Liberal

Liberal

Bloc Quebecois

Canadian Alliance

Canadian Alliance

Liberal

Liberal

Canadian Alliance

Canadian Alliance

Liberal

Conservative

liberal

Bloc Quebecois

Bloc Quebecois

New Democratic Party

Bloc Quebecois

Bloc Quebecois

Liberal

Bloc Quebtkois

Conservative

Conservative

Conservative

Liberal

Bloc Quebecois

Conservative

Bloc Quebecois

Liberal

York-Simcoe, Ontario

Mercier, Quebec

Edmonton Northwest, Alberta

Surrey-White Rock*~South Langley, British Columbia

Beaches*-Woodbine, Ontario

Mississauga West, Ontario

SI. John's West, Newfoundland and Labrador

Drummond, Quebec

Madawaska-Victoria, New Brunswick

Saskatoon-Humboldt, Saskatchewan

Central Nova, Nova Scotia

Brant, Ontario

Vancouver East, British Columbia

Burlington, Ontario

Rimouski-Temiscouata, Quebec

Lambton~-Middlesex, Ontario

Saint John, New Brunswick

Essex--Windsor, Ontario

Saint-Henri-Westmount, Quebec

Louis~Hebert, Quebec

SI. Paul's, Ontario

Moncton, New Brunswick

Parkdale-High Park, Ontario

Thornhill, Ontario Barrie~-Simcoe~~Bradford, Ontario

Vancouver East, British Columbia

Churchill, Manitoba

Bras d'Or, Nova Scotia

'Laval West: Quebec

Jonquiere, Quebec

Yukon, Yukon Notre~Dame-de--Grace-~Lachine, Quebec

Nunavut, Northwest Territories

Vancouver Kingsway, British Columbia

Da'rtmouth, No~a Scotia

Whitby-Ajax, Ontario

Halifax, Nova Scotia

Kitchener Centre, Ontario

Longueuil, Quebec

Shefford, Quebec

Saint-Lambert, Quebec

Beausejour-Petitcodiac, New Brunswick

Winnipeg North Centre, Manitoba

York West, Ontario

Laval East, Quebec

Terrebonne--8lainville, Quebec

Renfrew-Nipissing~~Pembroke, Ontario

Kamloops, Thompson and Highland Valleys, British Columbia

Winnipeg South Centre, Manitoba

Louis~Hebert, Quebec

Saskaloon-Rosetown*-Biggar, Saskatchewan

Blackstrap, Saskatchewan

Verdun-Saint-Henri-Saint-Paul~~Pointe Saint-Char1es, Quebec

Edmonton-Spruce Grove, Alberta

Gatineau, Quebec

Compton-Stanstead, Quebec

Trois-Rivieres, Quebec

Nanaimo-Cowichan, British Columbia

Laval, Quebec

Laurentides-Labelle, Quebec

Brampton~-Springda!~, ,?ntario

V~.udreuil~~Soulanges, Quebec Haldimand-Norfolk, Ontario

Fleetwood--Port Kells, British Columbia

Simcoe-Grey, Ontario

Thornhill. Ontario

Saint~Bruno~~Saint-Hubert. Quebec

Clarington-Scugog~~Uxbri~ge, Ontario

Chateauguay~~Saint-Constant, Quebec

Don Valley East, Ontario

Page 3 of5

1993.10.25

1993.10.25

1993.10.25 1993.10.25

1993.10.25 1993.10.25 1993.10.25

1993.10.25 1993.10.25 1993.10.25 1993.10.25

1993.10.25 1993.10.25 1993.10.25

1993.10.25 1993.1025 1993.10.25

1993.10.25 1995.02.13 (By-Election)

1997:06.02 1997.06.02

1997.06.02 1997.06.02

1997.06.02 1997.06.02 1997.06.02

1997.06.02 1997.06.02 1997.06.02 1997.06.02

1997.06.02 1997.06.02

1997.06.02 1997.06.02 1997.06.02

1997.06.02 1997.06.02

1997.06.02 1997.06.02

1997.06.02 1997.06.02

1997.06.02 1997.06.02

1999.11.15 (By~E1ection)

2000,11.27

2000.11.27 2000.11.27

2000.11.27 2000.11.27

2000.11.27 2000.11.27

2000.11.27 2002.05.13 (By~E1ection)

2004.06.28 2004.06.28

2004.06.28 2004.06.28

2004.06.28 2004.06.28

2004.06.28 2004.06.28

2004.06.28 2004.06.28 2004.06.28 2004.06.28

2004.06.28

2004.06.28 2004.06.28

2004.06.28 2004.06.28

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165

Annex 2: Table of women and First Nation peoples in Senate and House of Commons

Members of The House Of Commons Page 4 of5

Smith, Joy Conservative Kildonan--St. Paul, Manitoba 2004.0628

Stronach, Belinda Conservative Newmarket--Aurora, Ontario 2004.06.28

Thibault, Louise Bloc Quebecois Rimouski--T emiscQuata, Quebec 2004.0628

Barbot, Vivian Bloc Quebecois Papineau, Quebec 2006.01.23

Bell, Catherine New Democratic Party Vancouver Island North, British Columbia 2006.01.23

Boucher. Sylvie Conservative Beauport--Umoilou. Quebec 2006.01.23

Chariton, Chris New Democratic Party Hamilton Mountain, Ontario 2006.01.23

Chow, Olivia New Democratic Party Trinity--Spadina, Ontario 2006.01.23

Davidson. Patricia Conservative Samia-Lambton. Ontario 2006.0123

DeBeliefeuille, Claude Bloc Quebecois Beauharnois--Salaberry. Quebec 2006.01.23

Freeman, Carole Bloc Quebecois Chateauguay--Saint-Constant, Quebec 2006.01.23

Keeper, Tina liberal Churchill, Manitoba 2006.01.23

Mathyssen, Irene New Democratic Party London--Fanshawe, Ontario 2006.01.23

Mourani, Maria Bloc Quebecois Ahuntsic, Quebec 2006.0123

Nash, Peggy New Democratic Party Parkdale-High Park, Ontario 2006.01.23

Priddy, Penny New Democratic Party Surrey North, British Columbia 2006.01.23

Savoie, Denise New Democratic Party Victoria, British Columbia 2006.0123

Verner, Josee Conservative Louis-Saint-Laurent, Quebec 2006.01.23

Thi Lac, Eve-Mary Thai Bloc Quebecois Saint-Hyacinthe--Bagot, Quebec 2007.09.17 (By-Election)

Hall Findlay, Martha liberal Willowdale, Ontario 2008.03.17 (By-Election)

Murray, Joyce Liberal Vancouver Quadra, British Columbia 2008.03.17 (By-Election)

Aglukkaq, Leona ConselVative Nunavut, Nunavut 2008.10.14

Ashton, Niki New Democratic Party Churchill, Manitoba 2008.10.14

Beaudin, Josee Bloc Quebecois Saint-Lambert, Quebec 2008.10.14

Bergen, Candice ConselVative Portage-Usgar, Manitoba 2008.10.14

Block, Kelly Conservative SaskatoOn":R~setown-Biggar, Saskatchewan 2008.10.14

Brown. Lois ConselVative Newmarket-Aurora, Ontario 2008.10.14

Cadman, Dona Conservative Surrey North, British Columbia 2008.10.14

Coady, Siobhan liberal St. John's South--Mount Pearl, Newfoundland and Labrador 2008.10.14

Crombie, Bonnie Liberal Mississauga-Streetsville, Ontario 2008.10.14

Duncan, Kirsty Liberal Etobicoke North, Ontario 2oo8.10~14

Duncan, Linda Francis New Democratic Party Edmonton--Strathcona, Alberta 2008.10.14

Foote, Judy Liberal Random-Burin-Sl George's, Newfoundland and Labrador 2008.10.14

Glover, Shelly Conservative Saint Boniface, Manitoba 2008.10.14

Hughes, Carol New Democratic Party Algoma--Manitoulin-Kapuskasing, Ontario 2008.10.14

Leslie, Megan New Democratic Party Halifax, Nova Scotia 2008.10.14

McLeod, Cathy Conservative Kamloops-Thompson--Cariboo, British Columbia 2008.10.14

Mendes, Alexandra UberaJ Brossard-La Prairie, Quebec 2008.10.14

O'Neill Gordon, Tilly Conservative Miramichi, New Brunswick 2008.10.14

Raitt, Lisa Conservative Halton, Ontario 2008.10.14

Shea,Gaii Conservative Egmont, Prince Edward Island 2008.10.14

Simson, Michelle Liberat Scarborough Southwest, Ontario 2008.10.14

Wong, Alice Conservative Richmond, British Columbia 2008.10.14

Zarac, Lise Liberal LaSalle-E~ard, Quebec 2008.10.14

Adams, Eve Conservative Mississauga-Brampton South, Ontario 2011.05.02

Ambler, Stella Cons9IVative Mississauga South, Ontario 2011.05.02

Ayala, Paulina New Democratic Party Honore-Mercier, Quebec 2011.05.02

Bateman, Joyce Conservative Winni~eg South C~~t~e, Manitoba 2011.05.02

Blanchette-Lamothe, Lysane New Democratic Party Pierrefonds--Dollard, Quebec 2011.05.02

Borg, Charmaine New Democratic Party Terrebonne-Blainville, Quebec 2011.05.02

Boutin-Sweet, Marjolaine New Democratic Party Hochelaga, Quebec 2011.05.02

Brosseau, Ruth Ellen New Democratic Party Berthier--Maskinonge, Quebec 2011.05.02

Day, Anne-Marie New De!!locratic Party Ch;l1~sbourg-Haute-Saint-Charles, Quebec 2011.05.02

Dare Lefebvre, Rosane New Democratic Party Alfred:Penan, Quebec 2011.05.02

Findlay, Kerry-Lynne 0_ ConselVative Delta-Richmond East, British Columbia 2011.05.02

Freeman, Mylene New D~mocratic Party Argenteuil-Papineau-Mirabel, Quebec 2011.05.02

Groguhe, Sadia New Democratic Party Saint-Lambert, Quebec 2011.05.02

Hassainia, Sana New Democratic Party Vercheres-Les Patriotes, Quebec 2011.05.02

James, Roxanne ConselVative Scarborough Centre, Ontario 2011.05.02

Latendresse, Alexandrine Ne.w Democrati? Party Louis-Saint-Laurent, Quebec 2011.05.02

Laverdiere, Helene New Democratic Party Laurier--Sainte-Marie, Quebec 2011.05.02

LeBlanc, Helene New Democratic Party LaSalle--Emard, Quebec 2011.05.02

Leitch, Kellie Conservative Simcoe--Grey,Ontano 2011.05.02

Liu. Laurin New Democratic Party Riviere-des-Mille-iles, Quebec 2011.05.02

May, El1zabeth Green Party Saanich--Gulf Islands, British Columbia 2011.05.02

Michaud, Elaine New Democratic Party Portneuf--Jacques-Cartier, Quebec 2011.05.02

Moore, Christine New Democratic Party Abitibi--Temiscamingue, Quebec 2011.05.02

Morin, Isabelle New Democratic Party Notre-Dame-de-Grace-Lachine, Quebec 2011.05.02

Morin, Marie..claude New Democratic Party Saint-Hyacinthe-Bagot, Quebec 2011.05.02

Papillon, Annick New Democratic Party Quebec, Quebec 2011.05.02

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166

Annex 2: Table of women and First Nation peoples in Senate and House of Commons

Members of The House Of Commons Page 5 of 5

Peelet, Eve New Democratic Party La Pointe-de-I'ile, Quebec 2011.05.02

Perreault, Manon New Democratic Party Montcalm, Quebec 2011.05.02

Quach, Anne Minh-Thu New Democratic Party Beauharnois-Salaberry. Quebec 2011.05.02

Aayn;';ult, Francine New Democratic Party Joliette, Quebec 2011.05.02

Rempel. Michelle Conservative Calgary Centre-North, Alberta 2011.05.02

SeUah. Ojaouida New Democratic Party Saint-Bruno-Saint-Hubert, Quebec 2011.05.02

Sims, Jinny Jogindera New Democratic Party Newton--North Delta, British Columbia 2011.05.02

Sitsabaiesan, Rathika New Democratic Party Scarborough-Rouge River. Ontario 2011.05.02

St-Denis. Lise New Democratic Party Saint-Maurice--Champlain, Quebec 2011.05.02

Truppe, Susan Conservative London North Centre, Ontario 2011.05.02

T urmel. Nycole New Democratic Party Hull-Aylmer, Quebec 2011.05.02

Young, Wai Conservative Vancouver South, British Columbia 2011.05.02

Crockatt, Joan Conservative Calgary Centre, Alberta 2012.11.26 (Bv·Election)

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167

Annex 2: Table of women and First Nation peoples in Senate and House of Commons

Inuit, Metis or First Nation Origin

Parliament of Canada

PARliAMENT of CANADA Site Map I A 10 Z Index I Contact Us I Franliais

Home Parliamentary Business Senators and Members About Parliament Visitor Information Employment

PARLINFO

INUIT, METIS OR FIRST NATION ORIGIN

SEARCH CRITERIA

Parliamentary Function:

Current Parliamentarians Only

Native Origin:

Name

M~KaY;-·Angus--·-·-·-·-

Delorme, Pierre

Riel, Louis

Boucher, William Albert

Teillet, Aoger-Joseph

Rheaume, Eugene (Gene)

Marchand, Len

Firth, Walter (Wally)

Ittinuar, Peter

Keeper, Cyril

8t. Germain, Gerry

Suluk, Thomas

~n~~~k,. Jack Iyerak Blondin-Andrew, Ethel Dorothy

Littlechild, Wilton (Willie)

DeViliers, Paul

Harper, Elijah

O'Brien, Lawrence D.

Karetak-Lindell, Nancy

Laliberte, Rick

Cleary, Bernard

Smith, David

Russell, Todd Norman

Bruinooge, Rod

Keeper, Tina

Merasty, Gary

Clarke, Rob

Aglukkaq, Leona

Glover, Shelly

,~~nest-Jourdajn. Jonathan Penashue, Peter

Sagan ash, Romeo

Members of the House of Commons

-- ALL--

Political Affiliation

Conservative (1867~942) Conservative (1867-1942) Independent

Libe~al Party of Canada

Liberal Party of Canada

Constituency

Marquette, Manitoba

Provencher, Manitoba

Provencher, Manitoba

Rosthern, Saskatchewan

8t. Boniface, Manitoba

Date Elected (vyyy.mm.ddl

_O~ __ • __ •• __ •••• __ •••••••••••

1871.03,02

Progressive Conservative Party Northwest Territories, Northwest Territories

1871.03.03 1873,10,13

1948,10,25 1962,06.18 1963,04,08

Liberal Party of Canada Kamloops--Cariboo, British Columbia 1968.06.25 1972,10.30 New Democratic Party

New Democratic Party

New Democratic Party

Northwest Territories, Northwest Territories

Nunatsiaq, Northwest Territories

Winnipeg-St. James, Manitoba

Progressive Conservative Party Mission-Port Moody, British Columbia

Progressive Conservative Party Nunatsiaq, Northwest Territories

1979,05,22

1980,02,18

1983,08.29 1984,09,04

1988,11,21 1988,11.21

1988,11.21 1993,10.25

1993,10,25

1996,03.25 1997,06,02 1997,06,02

2004,06,28

2004.06.28

Liberal Party of Canada Nunatsiaq, Northwest Territories

Liberal Party of Canada Western Arctic, Northwest Territories

Progressive Conservative Party Wetaskiwin, Alberta

Liberal Party of Canada Simcoe North, Ontario

Liberal Party of Canada

Liberal Party of Canada

Liberal Party of Canada

New Democratic Party

Bloc Quebecois

Liberal Party of Canada

Liberal Party of ~~nada

Conservative Party of Canada

Liberal Party of Canada

Liberal Party of Canada

Conservative Party of Canada

Conservative Party of Canada

Conservative Party of Canada

New Democratic Party

Conservative Party of Canada

New Democratic Party

Churchill, Manitoba

Labrador, Newfoundland and Labrador

Nunavut, Northwest Territories

Churchill River, Saskatchewan

Louis-Saint-laurent, Quebec

Pontiac, Quebec Labrador, Newfoundland and Labrador 2005.0524

Winnipeg South. Manitoba 2006.0123

Churchill, Manitoba 2006.0123 Desnethe--Missinippi-Ghurchill River, 2006.0123 Saskatchewan Desnethe-Missinippi-Ghurchill River, 2008.03.17 Saskatchewan

Nunavut, Nunavut 2008.10.14

Saint Boniface, Manitoba 2008.10.14

Manicouagan, Quebec 2011.05.02 Labrador, Newfoundland and Labrador 2011.05.02

Abitibi-Baie-James--Nunavik--Eeyou, 2011.05.02 Quebec

Page 1 of 1

Native Origin

Metis

Metis

Metis

Metis

Metis

Metis

First Nations

Metis

Inuit

Metis

Metis

Inuit

Inuit

First Nations

First Nations

Metis

First Nations

Metis

Inuit

Metis

First Nations

Metis

Metis

Metis

First Nations

First Nations

First Nations

Inuit

Metis

First Nations

First Nations

First Nations

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168

Annex 2: Table of women and First Nation peoples in Senate and House of Commons

Inuit, Metis or First Nation Origin

Parliament of Canada

PARLIAMENT of CANADA Site Map I A to Z Index I Contact Us I Fran9ais

Home Parliamentary Business Senators and Members About Parliament Visitor Information Employment

PARLINFO

INUIT, METIS OR FIRST NATION ORIGIN

SEARCH CRITERIA

Parliamentary Function:

r Current Parliamentarians Only

Native Origin:

Name

Hardisty, Richard Charles

Boucher. William Albert

Gladstone, James

Williams, Guy R.

Adams, Willie

Watt, Charlie

March~nd. Len Twinn, Walter SI. Germain, Gerry

Chalifoux, ~ Thelma

Gill, Aurelian Sibbeston, Nick G.

Oyck, Lillian Eva

Lovelace Nicholas, Sandra

Brazeau, Patrick

Senators

--ALL-

Political Affiliation

°Consewative (1867-1942)

Liberal Party of Canada

Independent Conservative

Liberal Party of Canada

Liberal Party of Canada

Province I Territory

Northwest Territories

Saskatchewan

Alberta

British Columbia

Northwest Territories

Liberal Party of Canada Quebec

Liberal Party of Canada British Columbia

Progressive Conservative Party Alberta

Progressive Conservative Party British Columbia

Liberal Party of Canada Alberta

liberal Party of Canada Quebec

Liberal Party of Canada Northwest Territories

New Democratic Party Saskatchewan

Li~eral Party of Canada New Brunswick

Conservative Party of Canada Quebec

Page 1 of 1

Date Appointed Native Origin (yyyy.mm.dd)

1-S88.02:23 Metis

1957.01.03 Metis

1958.01.31 First Nations

i971.12.()9 First Nations

1977.04.05 Inuit 1984.01.16 Inuit 1984.06.29 First Nations

1990.09.27 First Nations

1993.06.23 Metis

1997.1126 Metis

1998.09.17 First Nations

1999.09.02 First Nations

2005.03.24 First Nations

2005.09.21 First Nations

2009.01.08 First Nations

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169

Annex 3: Table of . current and recently retired senators and outside employment declared on Senate Ethics Officer website

ANNEXE3

Senator Outside Employment, Outside Positions (non voluntary)

Profession, or Business

Andreychuk, - None - None -Raynell

Ataullahjan, - Business as part - Vice-President of Sascom -Salma owner of Sascom Computer System Inc., a private

Computer System corporation with activities in

Inc., a private custom software, programming,

corporation with maintenance of programs and

activities in custom computer systems.

software, programming, maintenance of programs and computer systems; and

- Non practicing real estate agent

Baker, - Business in mineral - Director of Baker Prospecting and -George prospecting under a Exploration Inc., a private

corporate structure corporation which prospects for minerals and holds mineral rights -to lands for the purpose of prospecting, exploration and mining

Bellemare, - None - None -Diane

-

Disposable Income

None -

--

Business income from -Sascom Computer System Inc.

Pension from the Canada -Pension Plan

-

Revenu suite a un contrat -complete avec Ralimpex International Inc. Rente de retraite du Regime de retraite des employes du gouvernement et des organismes publics du Quebec

Assets

10 shared units in an apartment block from Hampton House Limited RRSPs with TD Asset Management Fund Pension from the Saskatchewan Provincial Judges Superannuation

Shares of Sascom Computer System Inc.

Wilderness vehicles, boats, trailers and engines used in mineral exploration; and Shares of Baker Prospecting and Exploration Inc.

Regime enregistre d'epargne-retraite et divers placements aupres de RBC Dominion Securities et Ie Fonds de solidarite FTQ, composes de valeurs cotees en bourse de societes et d'autres valeurs mobilieres.

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Senator Outside Employment, Outside Positions (non voluntary)

Profession, or Business

Boisvenu, - None - None

Pierre-Hugues

Braley, - Business as owner of - President and Member of the

David Orlick Industries Board of Directors of Orlick

Limited; Industries Limited, an auto parts

- Business as owner of manufacturing company

Alexander Tools - President and Member of the

Limited; Board of Directors of Alexander

- Business as owner of Tools Limited, a distribution and

the BC Lions holding company for ownership

Football Club Inc.; in various real estate investments

- Business as owner of in Southern Ontario;

the Toronto - President and Chairman of the

Argonauts Football Board of Directors of the BC

Club Inc.; Lions Football Club Inc., a

- Business as owner of Canadian Professional Football

1463851 Ontario Team;

Limited; and - President and Chairman of the

- Business as Partner Board of Directors of the Toronto

in Innisfil Land Argonauts Football Club Inc., a

Holdings LP. Canadian Professional Football Team;

- President and Member of the Board of Directors of 1463851 Ontario Limited, a real estate investment company in the Hamilton area;

- Partner in Innisfil Land Holdings LP, a real estate investment partnership in Ontario; and

- Member of the Board of Directors of Swisher Hygiene Inc., a public commercial hygiene services.

Brazeau, - None - None

Patrick

Disposable Income

- Revenus de conferences -publiques

- Pension du Fonds de pension du Gouvemement du Quebec

- Employment and -shareholder loan interest from Orlick Industires -Limited

- Canada Pension Plan -- Interest from Scotiabank

- Director's fees from -Swisher Hygiene Inc.

-

--

-

-

- None -

Assets

None

Shares of Bellatrix Exploration Ltd.; Shares of Swisher Hygiene Inc.; Shares of Terra Energy Corp.; Shares of Orlick Industries Limited; Shares of Alexander Tools Limited; Shares of the BC Lions Football Club Inc.; Shares of the Toronto Argonauts Football Club Inc.; Shares of 1463851 Ontario Limited; Interest in a partnership with Innisfil Land Holdings LP.

None

2

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Senator Outside Employment, Outside Positions (non voluntary) Profession, or Business

Brown, Bert - Information missing - President of Bert Brown Land -Consultants Ltd., a company that provides services to individuals and companies concerning re-

. zoning, subdivision and planning of developments in and around Calgary, Alberta.

Buth, - None - None -JoAnne

Callbeck, - Business in real - Director and Officer of Lidstone -Catherine estate under a Realties Ltd., a real estate holding

corporate structure. company; - Director and President of -

Belmoral Investments Inc., a private investment holding -company.

--- ----- ---_ .. _-

Disposable Income Assets

Canada Pension Plan - Investment portfolio with Wealth Strategists in Calgary, Alberta

None - A Registered Retirement Savings Plan with Wellington West Financial Services, composed of units of mutual funds

- A Locked-in Retirement Account with Wellington West Financial Services, composed of units of mutual funds.

Business income from - Investment portfolio of Lidstone Realties Ltd. and publicly traded securities of Belmoral Investments Inc. corporations and units of Pension from the Canada mutual funds Pension Plan - Shares of Belmoral Pension from the Pension Investments Inc. and Plan for Members of the Lidstone Realties Ltd. Legislative Assembly of the Province of Prince Edward

--_ .. -

3

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Campbell, - Business as owner of - President of Mortis Consulting -LarryW. Mortis Consulting Ltd., a private company doing

Ltd., a private contract work in the area of -company doing forensic and investigation;

contract work in the - Member of the Board of Directors -area of forensic and of the Great Canadian Gaming

investigation. Corporation, a multi-jurisdictional gaming and entertainment operator;

- Member of the Board of Directors of Asantae, a producer and marketer of innovative nutritional products through direct and network marketing channels.

Carignan, A vocat exer«ant la pratique - Administrateur et president de Me -Claude du droit. Claude Carignan Avocat Inc., une

societe privee pour l'exercice de -la profession d'avocat;

- Administrateur et dirigeant de la -Fiducie Binette Carignan.

-

-

-

Champagne, - None - None -Andree

-

Disposable Income

Business income as owner -of Mortis Consulting Ltd. Pension from the British Columbia Pension Plan Directors' fees from the Great Canada Gaming Corporation and from Asantae

Revenu de Binette -Carignan Inc. Revenu de Me Claude -Carignan Avocat Inc. Dividendes de placements -prives aupres de CIBC Wood Gundy -Revenu de la firme d'avocats Dufresne Hebert Comeau Inc. Pour services a titre d 'avocat-conseil Dividendes de la Fiducie Binette Carignan Revenue locatif pour la location d'immeubles Droits de suite de Radio- -canada et prevoit recevoir des droits d'auteur des Editions La Semaine Regime des rentes du -Quebec

Assets

Shares of Mortis Consulting Ltd.

Des actions de Me Claude Carignan Avocat Inc.; Des actions de Binette Carignan Inc.; Un interet dans des immeubles a revenu locatif; Placements prives et divers regimes enregistres detenus par CIBC Wood Gundy et par Fiducie Binette Carignan, composes de valeurs cotees en bourse de societes

FEER aupres de la Financiere Banque Nationale compose de fonds mutuels FEER aupres de la Banque canadienne imperiale de commerce compose de fonds mutuels

4

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Chaput, - None - None -Maria

Charrette- - Avocate-conseil chez - None -Poulin, Heenan Blailde LLP Marie-P

-

--

Comeau, - None - None -Gerald

Cools, Anne - None - Officer and member, Board of -Directors, Roann Rentals, a private family owned company holding investments in mutual funds; and

- Officer and member, Board of Directors, Dakota Investments, a private family owned company holding investments.

Cordy, Jane - None - None -

Disposable Income

None -

Honoraires en tant -qU'avocate-conseil chez Heenan Blaikie LLP Honoraires en tant qu'administrateur et mernre du conseil consultatif de Actra Fraternal Benefit Society Deux revenus de retraite de CBC/SRC Revenue de retraite de la fonction publique du Canada Regime de pension -universitaire

Directorship fees, Dakota -Investments

Teachers' Pension Plan of -the Governrnent of Nova Scotia -

Assets

None

None

Regime enregistre d'epargne-retraite compose de fonds mutuel.

Shares of Roann Rentals, an RRSP with RBC composed of mutual funds, and an RRSP with TD Canada Trust composed of mutual funds and publicly traded securities.

Interest Free Savings Plan with RBC Investment savings account with RBC composed of publicly traded securities

5

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Senator Outside Employment, Outside Positions (non voluntary) Profession, or Business

Cowan, - None - Partner of the Atlantic Canada -James law firm of Stewart McKelvey,

Halifax, Nova Scotia - Corporate Secretary to the -

Halifax International Airport Authority'S Board of Directors

-

-

-

Dagenais, - None - None -Jean-Guy

-

Dallaire, - Exploitation d'une - Administrateur et president de -Romeo entreprise sous une Romeo A. Dallaire LGen (Ret)

stmcture corporative Inc., une societe privee qui eeuvre

eeuvrant dans les dans les domaines de la redaction -domaines de la de livres, de films et la

redaction de livres, presentation de conferences.

de films et la -presentation de conferences. -

-

Disposable Income

A fixed annual stipend in equal monthly instalments with Stewart McKelvey An honorarium as Secretary to the Board of the Halifax International Airport Authority Tmstee's fees from the Estate of Margaret St. George Expected executor's fees from the Estate of Joan Power and fromt eh Estate ofHSD Bauld An investment income from a portfolio of publicly traded investments maintained by the royal Bank of Canada Rente du regime de retraite des membres de la Surete du Quebec; et, revenu de loyer d'un condominium a I'll e des Seeurs, Montreal, QC. Revenu du National Speakers Bureau pour des allocutions; Royautes de Westwood Creative Artists et de White Pines; Rente du regime de rentes du Quebec; Pension des forces canadiennes; Pension d'invalidite des anciens combattants

Assets

- A Registered Retirement Savings Plan (RRSP) with Royal Bank

- Condominium a l'lIe des Sreurs, Montreal, QC

I

- Des actions de la societe Romeo A. Dallaire LGen (Ret) Inc.

6

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Senator Outside Employment, Outside Positions (non voluntary) Disposable Income Profession, or Business

Dawson, - None - None - None

Dennis

Day, Joseph - None . None - Pension from the Canada

A. Pension Plan - Rental income from an

investment property

De Banee, - None - None - Pension du Regime de

Pierre pensions du Canada

Demers, - 'Conferencier aupres - None - Revenu it titre de

Jacques du Bureau des conferencier

conferenciers Orizon.

Assets

- Un Regime enregistre d'epargne-retraite aupres de la Banque Nationale, compose d'unites de fonds communs de placement et de valeurs cotees en bourse de societes;

- Un Regime enregistre d'epargne-retraite aupres de la Banque Royale du Canada, compose d'unites de fonds communs de placement et de valeurs cotees en bourse de societes.

- Investment account, registered retirement savings plan and tax free savings account with CIBC Wood Gundy, composed of publicly traded securities of corporations; and

- Investment property.

- Regime enregistre d'epargne-retraite ainsi qu'un compte d'investissement aupres de TD Waterhouse, composes de valeurs cotees en bourse de societes.

- Un Regime enregistre d'epargne-retraite aupres de la Banque Royale du Canada, compose d'unites de fonds communs de placement.

7

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Senator Outside Employment, Outside Positions (non voluntary) Profession, or Business

Downe, - None - None

Percy E.

Doyle, - None - None

NormanE.

Duffy, - Media consulting - Director and President of Mike

Michael and public speaking. Duffy Media Services Inc., a corporation involved in media consulting and public appearances.

Dyck, Lillian - None - None

E.

Eaton, Nicole - None - None

Eggleton, Art - None - None

Enverga Jr., - None - None

Tobias C.

-- ----- --- --- ------_._ .. - -----

Disposable Income

- A government pension -

- A pension from the -Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly Pension Plan.

- A business income from -Mike Duffy Media Services Inc.

-

Dividends, interest and capital -gains from an investment account with Wood Gundy

-

- Pension from the Canada -Pension Plan

- Pension from OMERS for -services with the City of Toronto

- Income from past -employment with the Bank of Montreal and the Toronto Catholic District School Board.

---- --- ---

Assets

None

None

A Registered Retirement Savings Plan with TD Canada Trust, composed of publicly traded securities of corporations and term deposits; and Shares of Mike Duffy

Media Services Inc.

Registered Retirement Savings Plans, investment account and Tax Free Savings Account with Wood Gundy, composed of publicly traded securities of corporations, units of mutual funds and bonds; and Registered Pension Plan with the University of Saskatchewan.

None

None

Registered Retirement Savings Plan with the Bank of Montreal, composed of publicly traded securities of corporations.

8

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Senator Outside Employment, Outside Positions (non voluntary) Profession, or Business

Finley, Doug - None - None

Fortin- - None - Administratrice et vice-presidente

Duplessis, de Tourbiere Fortin Inc., une

Suzanne compagnie privee inactive.

Fraser, Joan - None - None

Frum, Linda - Business as owner of - Director and Officer of Linda

Linda Frum Frum Holdings Ltd., a private

Holdings Limited, its holding company with the

subsidiary subsidiary corporations of:

corporations and a - Frumcor Investments

portfolio of publicly Limited, a family investment

traded securities; and corporation;

- Employment from - Frumcor Holdings ULC, a

Howard Holdings family investment

Corporation. corporation; and - LFuture Investments Inc., a

corporation with interests in various real estate limited partnerships and a loan receivable from:

- Sunrise Entertainment LLLP, who owns the Florida Panthers Hockey Team.

- Director and Officer of 1513026 Ontario Ltd., a general partner of a real estate limited partnership called Trib-L limited Partnership;

- Director of the Frum Family Foundation;

- Trustee of the Estate of Barbara Frum;

Disposable Income

- None -

- Une prestation de retraite -versee par la Commission administrative des regimes de retraite et d'assurance.

- Dividends from common -shares of corporations and financial institutions;

- Interest from bonds of -Manulife.

- Salary from Howard -Holdings Corporation; and

- Expect receiving dividends from Linda Frum Holdings Ltd. -

--

-

--

Assets

RRSP with BMO composed of a GIC

Un interet conjoint dans Tourbiere Fortin Inc.

Bonds and publicly traded securities of corporations and financial institutions; Units of mutual funds with RBC Mutual Funds.

Shares of Linda Frum Holdings Ltd., its subsidiary corporations and assets; Shares ofFrumcor Investments Limited; Shares of Frumcor Holdings ULC; Shares of LFuture Investments Inc. and its limited partnership which has a loan receivable from Sunrise Entertainment LLLP, who are the owners of the Florida Panthers Hockey Team; Portfolio of publicly traded securities managed by Gluskin & Sheff & Assoc.; Advance receivable - Linda Frum Holdings Ltd.; Shares of 1513026 Ontario Ltd. who is a general partner of a real estate limited partnership called Trib-L limited partnership.

9

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Senator Outside Employment, Outside Positions (non voluntary) Profession, or Business

- Trustee of the Murray FrurnlNancy Lockhart Trust;

- Trustee of the Murray Frum Trust;

- Trustee of the Murray Frum (2007) Trust; and

- Director and Officer of The Linda Frum and Howard Sokolowski Charitable Foundation.

Furey, - None - Director of Canada Fluorspar -George J. Inc., a public corporation with

activities in the mining sector.

Gerstein, - None - Director of Medical Facilities -Irving Corporation, a Canadian public

corporation which has an interest in several specialty hospitals and centres in the United States;

- Chairperson of the Board of Directors of Atlantic Power Corporation, a Canadian public corporation which holds interests in a portfolio of power generation and transmission projects in the United States and Canada; and

- Corporate and Lead Director of Student Transportation Incorporated, a Canadian public corporation which provides school bus transportation services in the United States and Canada.

Greene, - None - None -Stephen

Disposable Income

Director's and Meeting -Fees from Canada Fluorspar Inc. - Director's fees from -Medical Facilities Corporation, Atlantic Power Corporation and Student Transportation Incorporated. -

-

A pension from the -Government of Nova Scotia Pension Plan

Assets

Share options in Canada Fluorspar Inc.

Registered Retirement Savings Plan with CIBC Wood Gundy, composed of puhlicly traded securities of corporations; A variety of corporate bonds; and A portfolio of publicly traded securities of corporations with C.A. Delaney Investment Advisor CIBC Wood Gundy.

A Registered Retirement Savings Plan with Scotia McLeod and the Bank of Nova Scotia

10

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Senator Outside Employment, Outside Positions (non voluntary) Disposable Income Profession, or Business

Harb, Mac - Independent - President, Telmount Ltd. - Consultancy with United

consultant advising Nations Development

in areas such as: Program (UNDP) and

business, capacity Transtec Project

building and Management;

investment. - Rental income from real estate properties;

- Dividends and profits from a stock portfolio.

- I will be receiving income and revenue from Telmount Ltd. effective Feb 1,2013:

- Rental income - Consultant fee

Hervieux- - None - None - Revenu de location d'un

Payette, condominium et d'un

CHine duplex; - Rente du regime de rentes

du Quebec.

Housakos, - None - None - None

Leo

Hubley, - Instructor at the - None - Instructor and Artistic

Elizabeth Stepping Out Studio Director at the Stepping Out Studio; and

- Income property of the dance studio and community library.

Assets

- 1470267 Ontario Ltd., for real estate properties:

- 1264205 Ontario Ltd., for real estate properties;

- RRSPs with RBC composed of publicly traded securities;

- Investment account with TD Bank composed of publicly traded securities;

- RESP with RBC;

- Real estate and land holdings in various properties in Ontario.

- Un condominium et un duplex;

- Un portefeuille d'actions, d'obligations et autres valeurs mobilieres dont les gestionnaires sont CIBC Wood Gundy et la Financiere Desjardins.

- RRSP with P.W.L. Capital Inc. composed of publicly traded securities.

- Property used for a Dance studio and community library; and

- 20 acres of woodland.

11

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~ :::J :::J

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Mobina S.B. Jaffer & Jeraj, a law of 548406 B.C. Ltd., a rental Dohm Jaffer & Jeraj; and rental properties

firm in Vancouver, property corporation; - Rental income from

B.C. - Member of the Board of Directors immovable properties. of 508721 RC. Ltd., a rental property corporation;

- Member of the Board of Directors of765922 B.C. Ltd., a real estate corporation; and

- Partner with Dohm Jaffer & Jeraj, a law firm in Vancouver, B.C.

Johnson, - None - None - Interest payments from an - RRSP with Royal

Janis G. Investment Income Trust. Dominion Securities composed of publicly traded securities.

Joyal, Serge - Expert conseil aupres - Administrateur et dirigeant de - Un revenu de Power - Des actions de la societe

de Power 3029026 Canada Inc., une societe Corporation du Canada, en 3029026 Canada Inc.;

Corporation du de gestion et de vente de biens vertu d'un contrat de - Un immeuble a Montreal;

Canada, en vertu mobiliers et immobiliers. service de gestion et de - Un inventaire d'a:uvres

d'un contrat de consultation pour sa d'art canadien et

service de gestion et collection d'a:uvres d'art; international.

de consultation pour - Un revenu de location d'un

sa collection immeuble situe a Montreal;

d'a:uvres d'art. - Un revenu d'entreprise de 3029026 Canada Inc.

Kenny, Colin - None - None - Income from an investment - An investment portfolio portfolio with the Bank of with the Bank of Montreal; ; Montreal; and and

I - A pension from the - A Registered Retirement Government of Canada. Savings Plan with the Bank i

of Montreal.

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Kinsella, - None - None - Pension as a professor at - Investments in London

Noel St. Thomas University Life Investments, Bank of Montreal, Toronto

0..

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0.: (J)

12

Senator Outside Employment, Outside Positions (non voluntary) Profession, or Business

Lang, Daniel - None - Director of Hector Lang Construction 2001 Ltd., a corporation which rents warehouses.

Lebreton, - None - None

Marjory

Lovelace - None - None

Nicholas, SandraM.

MacDonald, - Business in - President and Chief Executive

Michael accommodation Officer of Fleur de Lis Motel

under a corporate Ltd., a corporation which operates

structure. a motel, a restaurant and a lounge complex in Louisbourg, Nova Scotia;

- Member of the Board of Directors of Eastern Antimony Ltd., a corporation involved in mining in Newfoundland; and

- Member of the Board of Directors of Canada Coal Ltd., a corporation engaged in the acquisition, exploration and development of coal properties in Nunavut.

Disposable Income Assets

- A business income from - Shares of Hector Lang Hector Lang Construction Construction 2001 Ltd. 2001 Ltd.; and

- A pension from the Yukon Legislative Assembly Retirement Pension Plan.

- None - A Registered Retirement Savings Plan with the Bank of Nova Scotia

- None - None

- None - Shares of Fleur de Lis Ltd.; - Shares of Canada Coal

Ltd.; and - Publicly traded securities

of corporations, bonds and units of mutual funds with Desjardins Financial Security and Independent Network Investments Inc.

13

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Senator Outside Employment, Outside Positions (non voluntary) Disposable Income Assets Profession, or Business »

::l

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Frank W. through Big "M" Ltd., involved in promotional World Hockey

Promotions Ltd work with regards to hockey Association,

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career. - Pension from the National Hockey League,

- Investments with CLARICA (Sun Life Financial) and Manufacturers Life

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Insurance Co., composed ofpublic1y traded securities.

Maltais, - None - Administrateur et president de G. - Un revenu du Regime de - Un Regime enregistre

Ghislain M. Consultants et Associes Inc., pension des Membres de l' d'epargne-retraite aupres de une societe dont les activites se Assemblee nationale du la Banque Royale du rapportent it la prestation de Quebec; Canada, compose de services de conseils aux - Un revenu du Regime des . certificats de depots it entreprises mais qui n' est pas rentes du Quebec. terrne. operationnelle presentement.

Manning, - None - None - None - None

Fabian

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Marshall, - None - None - Pension from the - Shares of Fortis Inc.,

Elizabeth Government of - Shares of Toromont Newfoundland and Industries, Labrador; - Shares of Enerflex,

- Dividends from Fortis Inc., - Approximately 2 acres of Toromont Industries, land at Tranquil Place; and Enerflex; and - Approximately 15 acres of

- Pension from the land at Topsail Pond Road. Newfoundland and

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Martin, - None - None - Income from an overseas - None

Yonah contract as facilitator on leadership development;

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- Income from the sale of an Ci investment property. CD

---- ------- -- -------- --- -_. __ .. _--

14

Senator Outside Employment, Outside Positions (non voluntary) Disposable Income Assets Profession, or Business

» ::J

Massicotte, - Gestion 1 1) Les Equites Massicotte Inc. et ses - profits sur placements et - actifs et autres placements PauiJ. Developpement filiales : activites de la societe Les prives de Les Equites

immobilier (temps - President et Secretaire de Les Equites Massicotte Inc. et Massicotte Inc. (et filiales); partiel). Equites Massicotte Inc., une ses filiales; - investissements dans des

societe privee detenant des - placements et compagnies publiques;

placements et des investissements dans des incluant principalement compagnies publiques, dans les indices boursiers investissements. incluant principalement detenu personnellement dans les indices boursiers (CIBC Wood Gundy), et

2) Groupe Attractions Hippiques: detenus via CIBC Wood via Mont-St-- Fiduciaire de la Fiducie Fer a Gundy; - Hilaire Trust etlou Les

Cheval d'Or (inactive); - investissements d'actifs Equites Massicotte Inc. (et - Fiduciaire de la Fiducie Fer a passifs de 7211406 Canada ses filiales) etlou Massicap

Cheval Argente (inactive); Inc.; Inc.; - President, Secretaire et Tresorier - placements et - investissement d'actifs

d' A. H. Royale Inc., une societe investissements de passifs de 7211406 Canada privee avec interets dans les 4 Massicap Inc.; et Inc.; hippodromes du Quebec (faillite - developpement immobilier - placements, 27/01/10); de Carre Notre-Dame investissements et

- President, Secretaire et Tresorier Phase 1 Inc. developpement immobilier d' Attractions Hippiques Quebec - de Massicap Inc.; (Gestion) Inc., une societe prive - developpement immobilier avec interets dans l'achat et Ie de Carre Notre-Dame developpement des hippodromes Phase 1 Inc.; du Quebec (faillite 27/01110); - investissements avec

- President, Secretaire et Tresorier conjointe pour financer ses d' Attractions Hippiques (Mtl) activites comme detaillant Inc., commandite d' Attractions de vetements pour dames; Hippiques (Montreal) S.E.C. et (faillite 27/01110); - organisation pour

- President, Secretaire et Tresorier investissement regional de d' Attractions Hippiques (Que) FIERLaval. Inc., commandite d' Attractions

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.-+-

- President, Secretaire et Tresorier d' Attractions Hippiques (T.R.)

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Inc., commandite d' Attractions

15

Senator Outside Employment, Outside Positions (non voluntary) Profession, or Business

Hippiques (Trois-Rivieres) S.E.C. (faillite 27/01110);

- President, Secretaire et Tresorier d' Attractions Hippiques (Ayl) Inc., commandite d' Attractions Hippiques (Aylmer) S.E.C (faillite 27/01110);

- President et Secretaire de 9166-2700 Quebec Inc., une compagnie utili see pour fin d'achat de terrain (inactive);

- President et Secretaire de 9166-2759 Quebec Inc., une compagnie utilisee pour fin d'achat de terrain (inactive);

- President et Secretaire de 9176-3755 Quebec Inc., une compagnie utilisee pour fin d'achat de terrain (inactive);

- President et secretaire de 9166-4084 Quebec Inc., une compagnie utili see pour fin d'achat de terrain (inactive);

- President et Secretaire de Les immeubles A. H. (Couronne Nord) Inc., une compagnie utilisee pour fin d'achat de terrain (inactive);

- President et Secretaire de Les immeubles A. H. (Trois-Rivieres) Inc., une compagnie utili see pour fin d'achat de terrain de Trois-Rivieres (faillite);

- President et Secretaire de Les immeubles A. H. (Aylmer) Inc., une compagnie utilisee pour fin d'achat de terrain d' Aylmer (faillite);

Disposable Income Assets

i

---_._---

16

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Senator Outside Employment, Outside Positions (non voluntary) Profession, or Business

- President et Secretaire de Les immeubles A. H. (St-Basile) Inc., une compagnie utili see pour fin d'achat de terrain (inactive).

3) Attractions MASI ULC (societes inactives):

- President du conseil d' Attractions MASI ULC, operateur de restaurant et President et Secretaire de 6796699 Canada Inc., une associee d' Attractions MASIULC.

4) Propriete Sommet Prestige:

- President, Secretaire et Tresorier de Propriete Sommet Prestige Inc., une societe privee dans les developpements immobiliers.

5) 7211406 Canada Inc. :

- President et Secretaire de 7211406 Canada Inc., une societe privee d'investissements d' actifs passifs.

6) Groupe Alexis Nihon (societes inactives):

President d' A. N. Canada Inc., une societe privee de portefeuille j President d' A. N. Commerce Inc., une societe privee dans l'immobilier commercial j President de 054936 N.B. Inc., une societe privee dans l'exploitation immobiliere et dans

Disposable Income Assets

17

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Senator Outside Employment, Outside Positions (non voluntary) Profession, or Business

l'investissement j President d' A. N. (J. Dubreuil) Inc., une societe privee de portefeuille President de 513524 N.B. Inc., une societe privee dans Ie domaine immobilier j President de Societe de Capital Alexis Nihon Inc., une societe privee de portefeuille j

- President et non membre du conseil d'administration de Place A. N. Inc., une societe privee d'In vestissements; President de 513273 N.B. Inc., une societe privee d'investissements j

Membre du conseil d'administration de la Societe de Portefeuille Alexis Nihon Inc. j

Membre du conseil d'administration d' Alexis Nihon Corporation, une societe privee dans Ie domaine immobilier

- Membre du conseil d'administration de Services Professionnels de Gestion Alexis Nihon Inc., une societe privee de services immobilier j

- Membre du conseil d'administration d' Alexis Nihon National Inc., une societe privee de portefeuille, une societe privee de portefeuille j

- Membre du conseil d'administration de Gestion Alexis Nihon Inc., une societe privee de portefeuille j

~- ~- --

Disposable Income Assets

18

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Senator Outside Employment, Outside Positions (non voluntary) Profession, or Business

Membre du conseil d'administration d' Alexis Nihon International Inc., une societe privee de portefeuille j Membre du conseil d'administration d' Alexis Nihon Inc., une societe privee de portefeuille j

- President de Services Financiers Alexis Nihon Inc., une societe privee d'Investissements;

- Membre du conseil d'administration de Construction Alexis Nihon Inc., societe privee dans Ie domaine de la construction immobiliere j et

- Membre du conseil d'administration de Les Developpements Alexis Nihon Limitee,

- societe privee dans la promotion immobiliere.

7) Massicap Inc. :

- President, Secretaire et Tresorier de Massicap Inc., une societe de portefeuille et d'investissements.

8) Carre Notre-Dame Phase 1 Inc. (et son S.B.C.):

- President et Secretaire de Carre Notre-Dame Phase 1 Inc., une compagnie de developpements immobiliers.

9) Fonds de Placement MC S.B.C. (inactif):

Disposable Income Assets

19

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Senator Outside Employment, Outside Positions (non voluntary) Profession, or Business

- President Secretaire de Fonds de Placement MC S.E.C., une societe de portefeuille et d'investissements, incluant 6675816 Canada Inc.

10) 2717018 Canada (societe inactive):

- President, Secretaire et Tresorier de 2717018 Canada Inc., une societe de portefeuille et d'investissement.

11) 6951520 Canada (societe inactive) :

- President, Secretaire et Tresorier de 6951520 Canada Inc., une societe pour achat de terrains.

12) 6860826 Canada (societe inactive) :

- President et Secretaire de 6860826 Canada Inc., une societe pour achat de terrains.

McCoy, - Business as owner of - Director and President of the -Elaine Macleod Institute Macleod Institute Inc., a private

Inc., a private corporation with activities in

corporation with program evaluations, -activities in program environmental management and

evaluations, performance benchmarking. -environmental management and -performance benchmarking.

------

Disposable Income Assets

i

,

Pension from the Pension - Registered Retirement Plan of the Alberta Savings Plans with Scotia Legislative Assembly; iTrade, composed of Director's fees from publicly traded securities of Climate Change Central; corporations; and Salary from the Macleod - Shares of Macleod Institute Inc.; and Institute Inc. Pension from the Canada Pension Plan.

20

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(j)-, CD CD :::l (') OJ CD .-+:::l CD ~

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Senator Outside Employment, Outside Positions (non voluntary) Disposable Income Assets Profession, or Business

» ::J ::J

Mclntrye, - None - None - Pension du Regime de - - Regime enregistre

Paul E. pensions du Canada d'epargne-retraite aupres de

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la Banque Royale du Canada, compose d'unites de fonds communs de placement.

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Mercer, - None - None - None - None

Terry M.

Merchant, - None - Officer and Member of the Board - Various investments and - Shares of 101129950

Pana of Directors of 101129950 loans, Canada Pension Saskatchewan Ltd., 606215 I

Saskatchewan Ltd., a private Plan and shares of Saskatchewan Ltd., company that owns a 101129950 Saskatchewan Merchant Law Professional condominium proj ect. Ltd. Corporation, Canada Rent-

a-Heater (Regina), 34 Kleisinger Cres. (Regina), Merchant W orId Services Inc., Heart Force Medical and various other shares on the stock market.

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'< m Meredith, - Landscaping services - President of Donscape Landscape - A business income from - A Registered Retirement

Don through Donscape Services Inc., a corporation which Donscape Landscape Savings Plan with

Landscape Services provides landscaping services. Services Inc. Investors Group composed

Inc. of units of mutual funds; - A Registered Retirement

Savings Plan with TD Canada Trust composed of units of mutual funds; and

- Shares of Donscape ,

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Mitchell, - None - None - Alberta Legislature - RRSP and non RRSP

Grant pension; and investment accounts with

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- Proceeds from the sale of CIBC Wood Gundy, 0 investment business with composed of publicly C ....... CIBC Wood Gundy. traded securities, and a

limited partnership fund.

(J)

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21

Senator Outside Employment, Outside Positions (non voluntary) Profession, or Business

Mockler, - None - None -Percy

Moore, - None - Director and Officer of -Wilfred P. Freebooter Trading Ltd., an

investment corporation; - Director and Officer of

McLaughlin Holdings Ltd., an investment corporation;

- Director and Officer of Tiller Holdings Ltd., an investment corporation;

- Officer ofHe1m Holdings Ltd., an investment corporation;

- Officer of Adams and Knickle Ltd., a corporation with activities in the fishing sector;

- Director and Officer of Gusto Resources Ltd., an inactive corporation;

- Partner with Giant Meguma Holdings, an inactive partnership;

- Director and Officer of Seabed Resources Ltd., an inactive corporation; and

- Director and Officer of Emocean Spa Inc., a corporation that is a wellness living centre.

Munson, Jim - None - None -

Nancy Ruth - None - Director and President of 443472 -Ontario Ltd., a personal holding corporation. -

Neufeld, - None - None -Richard

-

Disposable Income

None -

Pension from the Canada -Pension Plan

---

-

Pension from the Canada -Pension Plan An income from the HRJ -Trust Fund number 3; and A pension from the Canada Pension Plan. Pension from the -Government of British Columbia; and Pension from the Government of Canada.

Assets

None

Shares of Freebooter Trading Ltd.; Shares of Gusto Resources Ltd., Interest in partnership with Giant Meguma Holdings; Shares of Seabed Resources Ltd.; and Registered Retirement Savings Plans with several financial institutions and an investment account with CIBC Wood Gundy, composed of units of various mutual funds and publicly traded securities of corporations.

None

Shares of 443472 Ontario Ltd.

None

22

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CD ~ 0 ....... c Cl..--, CD CD o ~ P.> ....... --, CD P.> Cl..:::l

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Senator Outside Employment, Outside Positions (non voluntary) Disposable Income Assets Profession, or Business »

::J

Ngo, Thanh - None - None - A pension from the - A Registered Retirement

Hai Ontario Teacher's Savings Plan with the Bank Federation of Nova Scotia

::J CD X (.V

Nolin, Pierre - A vocat-conseil it - None - Honoraires en tant - None

Claude moncompte qu'avocat-conseil it mon compte.

Ogilvie, - None - None - Pension managed by - Investment accounts with

Kelvin, larislowski Fraser and RBC composed of publicly

Kenneth investments with the RBC; traded securities. - Pension from the Canada - Shares ofTerragon

Pension Plan. Environmental Technologies Inc.

- Land, Scotts Bay Road, Kings County, Nova Scotia

Oliver, - Businesses under a - President and Board Member of - Dividends and interest - Shares of Dolin Fisheries

Donald H. corporate structure, Glen Moir Holdings Limited, a from a portfolio of Limited;

involving exporting corporation with activities in real investments with BMO - Shares of Pleasant River

Christmas trees and estate; Nesbitt Burns; Farms Limited;

sea products, as well - President and Board Member of - Dividends and interest - Shares of Mersey Point

as real estate Dolin Fisheries Limited, a from a portfolio of Fish Products Inc.; I

developments and corporation with activities in investments with CIBC - Shares of Premiere Shelf

storage systems. fisheries; Wood Gundy; Storage;

I - President and Board Member of - Dividends and interest - Shares of Crane Vista

Pleasant River Farms Limited, a from a portfolio of Investments; I

corporation with activities in investments with TD - Shares ofVeridien farming; Waterhouse; Corporation Inc.;

- Director of Mersey Point Fish - Dividends and interest - Shares of Silica Products Inc., a corporation with from a portfolio of Investments Inc.; activities in fisheries; investments with the Bank - Real estate holdings;

- Director of Premiere Self Storage, of Nova Scotia Securities; - An interest in Bridgewater a corporation with activities in - Income from various real Farmers Co-op; storage systems; estate holdings; - A portfolio of investments

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- Member of the Advisory Board - Dividends and interest with BMO Nesbitt Burns, of Atlantic Signature and Loan from various whole life composed of publicly Co., a corporation specializing in insurance policies with traded securities of

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mortgages for residential and London Life and Sun Life; corporations, bonds and 0.: commercial real estate - Business income/dividends debentures; CD

- Chairman of the Board and a from Pleasant River Farms - A portfolio of investments

23

Senator Outside Employment, Outside Positions (non voluntary) Disposable Income Profession, or Business

Director, Shareholder & Limited; Debenture - Business income/dividends

- Holder of Silica Investments Inc., from Dolin Fisheries Edmonton, Alberta Limited;

- Director's fees from Atlantic Signature -Mortgage and Loan Co.;

- Pension from the Canada Pension Plan.

-

-

-

Assets

with crnc Wood Gundy, composed of publicly traded securities of corporations, bonds and debentures; A portfolio of investments with TD Waterhouse, composed of publicly traded securities of corporations, bonds and debentures; A portfolio of investments with the Bank of Nova Scotia Securities, composed of publicly traded securities of corporations, bonds and debentures; and - Whole Life insurance policies with London Life and Sun Life;

24

» ::s ::s CD >< W

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Senator Outside Employment, Outside Positions (non voluntary) Disposable Income Assets Profession, or Business »

~

Patterson, - None - Member of the Board of Directors - Director's fees from - Two immovable properties;

Dennis Glen of Northern Property Real Estate Northern Property Real - Publicly traded securities Investment Trust, a publicly Estate Investment Trust; of corporations;

~ CD X W

traded Canadian Income Trust; - Director's fees from - Shares of Northern and Nunatta Environmental Property Real Estate

- Member of the Board of Services Inc.; Investment Trust; Directors ofNunatta - Dividends from publicly - Shares ofNunatta Environmental Services Inc., a traded securities of Environmental Services private environmental corporations; Inc. remediation company in Iqaluit, - Pension from the Nunavut. Northwest Territories

Legislative Assembly; - Pension from the Canada

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Pension Plan; - A widower's

superannuation; and

...., CD Ol o.~ 0 0. f-' ~

- Rental income from immovable properties.

Plett, Don - Business in real - Director of Landmark Holdings - None - Shares of Landmark

estate and land Ltd., a land and building private Holdings Ltd.

development under holding corporation; and

corporate structure. - Director of Bald Enterprises Ltd., a land development private company which is presently inoperative.

Poirier, - None - None - None - None

Rose-Marie -- ---

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25

Senator Outside Employment, Outside Positions (non voluntary) Profession, or Business

Raine, Nancy - Endorsements and - President and Member of the -Greene promotional Board of Directors ofNGR -

contracts through Resort Consultants Inc. and NGR -NGRResort Promotions Inc., private

Consultants Ltd. and corporations managing the

NGR Promotions interests of "Nancy Greene", -Inc., including public including endorsements of Sun

speaking Peaks Mountain Resort, B.C.; and

engagements - President and Member of the -Board of Directors of Cahilty Food and Beverage Ltd., a company that rents space to the restaurant owner at Sun Peaks Resort, BC.

Ringuette, - None - None -Pierrette

Rivard, - None - None -Michel

Rivest, Jean- - None - None -Claude

Robichaud, - None - None -Fernand

Disposable Income

Old Age Security; -Canadian Pension Plan; Interest and investment income from NGR Resort -Consultants Inc.; Rental income from -Cahilty Food & Beverage Company Ltd.; and -Business income from NGR Promotions Inc.

Un revenu pour la location -d'un appartement dans la residence familiale. Un revenu de retraite verse -par la Commission administrative des regimes de retraite et d'assurances.

Un revenu provenant du -Regime de pension des membres de l' Assemblee nationale du Quebec. Un revenu provenant du -Regime de pension du Canada

Assets

RRSP composed of publicly traded securities with RBC Direct; Shares ofNGR Resort Consultants Inc.; Shares ofCahilty Food & Beverage Company Ltd.; Shares ofNGR Promotions Inc.

None

Un compte de placement aupres de la Banque Royale du Canada, Eterna et Placements Toronto Dominion, composes de valeurs cotees en bourse de societes.

Un Regime enregistre d'epargne-retraite.

None

-------------

26

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Senator Outside Employment, Outside Positions (non voluntary) Profession, or Business

Runciman, - None - None -Robert

Segal, Hugh - Senior Advisor, Aird - Member of the Board of Directors -& Berlis L.L.P. (Law of Just Energy, a publicly traded

Firm in Toronto); Canadian Company, mid-market -- Senior Fellow, marketer of gas and electricity,

Queen's School of based in Toronto, operating in 6

Policy Studies; Canadian provinces and various

- Adjunct Professor, US States, TSX and NYSE listed; -Queen's School of - Member of the Board of Directors

Business of Hudson Energy U.K., a publicly traded Canadian -Company, a specialized commercial supply division of -Just Energy Group (NYSE:JE, TSX:JE), a leading energy retailer -and supplier of green energy in North' America;

- Member of the Board of Directors of HOLCIM (Canada) Inc., a manufacturer of cement and related products based in Ontario;

- Member of the Board of Directors of Sunlife Financial, an insurance and investment management firm operating in Canada, US, Indonesia, UK, China, India and Japan;

- Chair and Member of the Board of Directors of 1766021 Ontario Ltd., a company operating as Limestone Human Capital which consolidates prior inactive family holding companies and receives

Disposable Income Assets

A pension from the Canada - A self-directed Registered Pension Plan Retirement Savings Plan

with RBC Dominion Securities, composed of publicly traded securities of corporations

Contract fees from Queen's - Publicly traded securities in University; Berkshire Hathaway B, Directors' fees from Gluskin Sheff & Holcim Canada, Just Associates, Holcim LTD -Energy and Sunlife Reg SHS CHE Z, I SHRS Financial. EQ WGT Banc RTE, Income in excess of$2,000 PotashCorp of from SNC Lavalin Group Saskatchewan, SNC Inc. Lavalin Corp., Sunlife Contract fees from Aird & Financial, Top 20 Dividend Berlis L.L.P.; TN, Top 20 US Dividend -Director's fees from ATV, and MIT Invest Hudson Energy UK; and TRSINH FRAC. Dividends from Ontario l76602l.

I

27

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Senator Outside Employment, Outside Positions (non voluntary) Profession, or Business

itinerant income from guest lectures and other income sources from above mentioned organizations;

- Advisory Board Member (pro-bono) of Wellington Financial LP, a privately held bridge financing and venture debt fund, based in Toronto.

Seidman, - None - President and Secretary of -Judith G. Consultants Miettinen and

Seidman Inc., a consulting company in health applied research.

Seth, Asha - Self-employed - None -medical practitioner.

----

Sibbeston, - Business in real - Director and Officer of Ehmbee -NickG. estate under a Ltd., a private corporation with

corporate structure. activities in real estate. -

-

Smith, David - Chairman Emeritus - None -P. and Counsel to the -

firm of Fraser Milner Casgrain LLP, Toronto, ON. -

Disposable Income

Dividends and interest of -an investment portfolio with Scotia MacLeod -

Income from the practice -of medicine; Rental income; Dividends; -Interest; and -Pension from the Canada -Pension Plan

Business income from -Ehmbee Ltd.; -Pension from the Canada Pension Plan; and Pension from the Northwest Territories Legislative Assembly Retirement Pension Plan. Canada Pension Plan; -Pension and consulting fees from Fraser Milner Cas grain LLP; and Income, dividends and interest of several publicly traded securities.

Assets

Land located in Saint-Raphael, QC Investment portfolio composed of publicly traded securities managed by Scotia MacLeod.

Registered Retirement Income Fund with the Bank of Nova Scotia; Immovable properties; Bonds; and Publicly traded securities of corporations.

Shares of Ehmbee Ltd.; Immovable properties in

Fort Simpson and Yellow knife.

RRSP and non RRSP investment accounts with Nesbitt Bums composed of publicly traded securities of corporations, bonds, notes, mutual funds, share.

28

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Smith, Larry - Public speaking and - President and Member ofthe - Public speaking and - Retirement portfolios with

w. consulting, P. M. P. Board of Directors ofP.M.P. consulting activities, CIBC World Markets and

Performance Performance Consulting Group P.M.P. Performance with Manulife;

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Consulting Group Inc., a corporation with activities Consulting Group Inc., and - Shares of West mount

Inc.; and in public speaking and consulting; - Dividends from Moving and Warehousing

- Co-owner, and Westmount Moving and Canada Inc. and shares of

Westmount Moving - Member of the Board of Directors Warehousing Canada Inc. P.M.P. Performance

& Warehousing ofWestmount Moving and Consulting Group Inc.

Canada Inc. Warehousing Canada Inc., a local, long distance, international and commercial mover.

Stewart - None - None - A pension under the Public - TFSA and RRSP

Olsen, Service Superannuation comprised of bonds,

Carolyn Plan mutual funds and stocks with Dundee Securities,

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Stratton, - None - None - Investments in the stock - Assets in the stock market

Terry market and real estate (commercial)

co (j)..., CD CD :::J () 0> ([) ...... :::J CD ~

Tardif, - None - None - Une prestation de retraite - Un Regime enregistre

Claudette du Regime de retraite de d'epargne-retraite aupres l'Universite de l'Alberta. d'Investors Group,

compose d'unites - de fonds communs de

placement.

Tkachuk, - None - Member ofthe Board of Directors - Directors' fees from Calian - RRSP, RRIF and TFSA

David of Calian Technology Ltd., a Technology Ltd. and Cline with BMO Nesbit Bums, company which provides Mining Corporation. all composed of publicly technical and engineering services traded securities, and stock specializing in defence and options of Cline Mining aerospace. Corporation and Calian

Technology Inc.

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Unger, Betty - None - None - An income from a -Registered Retirement Income Fund with RBC Dominion Securities;

- Dividends and interest -from a portfolio of investments with RBC Dominion Securities;

- A pension from the Canada Pension Plan; -

- A pension from the Old Age Security Program.

-

-

-

Verner, Josee - None - None - None -

Assets

A diversified Registered Retirement Income Fund with RBC Dominion Securities; A Registered Retirement Savings Plan with Great West, composed of units of segregated funds and real estate; A Registered Education Savings Plan with RBC Dominion Securities; A Tax Free Savings Account with RBC Dominion Securities; Gold certificates and physical gold with the Royal Bank of Canada; and A diversified portfolio of investments with RBC Dominion Securities composed of stocks and fixed term assets.

None

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Wallace, - None - Director and Officer of Glen Park - Dividends from Glen Park

John Douglas Limited, an inactive company. Limited.

Wallin, - None - Member of the Board of Directors - DireCtors' fees from Porter

Pamela of Porter Airlines Inc., a Airlines Inc. and Gluskin Canadian airline company; and Sheff & Associates Inc.;

- Member of the Board of Directors and of Gluskin Sheff & Associates - Honorarium from Ideas

__ Inc., a wealth managemell!fil1ll' Council. -----------

Assets

- Shares of Glen Park Limited;

- Publicly traded securities of Toronto-Dominion Bank and Apple Inc.;

- A Registered Retirement Savings Plan with RBC Dominion Securities Inc., composed of publicly traded securities of corporations, units of mutual funds and corporate

- bonds; - A Locked-in Retirement

Account with RBC Dominion Securities Inc., composed of publicly traded securities of corporations, units of mutual funds and corporate bonds;

- An investment account with RBC Dominion Securities Inc., composed of publicly traded securities of corporations;

- A whole life insurance policy with London Life Assurance Company; and

- A whole life insurance policy with Manulife Canada Ltd.

- Publicly traded securities inside investment portfolios managed by LDIC.

31

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Senator Outside Employment, Outside Positions (non voluntary) Profession, or Business

Watt, - None - None

Charlie

White, - Part-time professor - Director of S.S.M. White

Vernon at the Charles Stuart Consulting, a private corporation

University; and which provides consulting

- Business under a services on policing, criminology

corporate structure, and criminal justice matters, as

providing strategic well as teaching and lecturing on

advice to companies leadership in policing; and

engaged in policing - Member of the Board of

and security practice, Directors ofnTerop, a private

including teaching corporation which designs and

and lecturing on develops software for the law

crime, criminology, enforcement sector.

law, justice, policing and leadership.

Zimmer, Rod - None - President of Gatehouse

A.A. Corporation, an inactive corporation;

- President of Gatehouse Development Company Ltd., an inactive corporation.

Disposable Income Assets

- None - None

- Income from the Charles - Shares of S.S.M. White Stuart University as a part- Consulting time professor;

- Pension from the Pension Plan of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police;

- Pension from the Ontario Municipal Employees Retirement System; and

- Business income from S.S.M. White Consulting.

- None - None

i

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202

Curriculum Vitae of Christopher P. Manfredi

Personal Information

Home Address:

Telephone:

E-Mail: Languages:

Education

Curriculum Vitae

Christopher P. Manfredi Faculty of Arts

McGill University 853 Sherbrooke St. W.

Montreal, QC, H3A 2T6

52 Bruce Avenue Westmount, P.Q. H3Z2E2 514-398-4968 (Office) 514-398-8226 (Office Fax) Christopher.Manfredi@mcgill.ca English, French, Spanish

Ph.D. M.A. M.A. B.A.

1987, Claremont Graduate University 1986, Claremont Graduate University 1983, University of Calgary 1981, University of Calgary

Certificate of Proficiency in Spanish, 1995, McGill University.

Areas of Academic Specialization

Comparative constitutionalism and judicial politics Canadian politics American public law

Current Position

Dean, Faculty of Arts, McGill University. Professor, Department of Political Science, McGill University.

Professional Experience

Chair, Department of Political Science, McGill University, 2000-2003, 2004-06.

Co-Editor, Canadian Journal of Political Science, 1996-99.

Associate Professor, Department of Political Science, McGill University, 1993-97 (Promoted to Full Professor, November, 1997).

Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, McGill University, 1991-93 (Promoted and granted tenure, June, 1993).

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Curriculum Vitae of Christopher P. Manfredi

Canada Research Fellow/Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, McGill University, 1988-91.

Visiting Assistant Professor, Department of Government, Claremont McKenna College, 1987-88.

Research Associate, Salvatori Center, Claremont McKenna College, 1987-88.

Director of Research, Juvenile Justice Reform Project, Rose Institute of State and Local Government, Claremont McKenna College, 1985-87 (Project funded by Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, U.S. Department of Justice).

Publications

2009 (co-editor with James Kelly) Contested Constitutionalism: Reflections on the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 318 pp ..

2008 (with Mark E. Rush) Judging Democracy. Peterborough: Broadview Press, 152 pp.

• Highly Recommended by Choice Magazine .

2004 Feminist Activism in the Supreme Court: Legal Mobilization and the Women's Legal Education and Action Fund. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 247 pp.

• Paperback edition issued January, 2005. • Winner, Canadian Law and Society Association Book Prize. • Shortlisted, Donner Book Prize (Best book on Canadian public

policy).

2003 (co-editor with J. Magnet, G-A. Beaudoin, and G. Gall) The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms: Reflections on the Charter After Twenty Years. Toronto: Butterworths (LexisNexis), 483 pp.

• Also published as The Supreme Court Law Review, 2d Series, Vol. 19.

2001 Judicial Power and the Charter: Canada and the Paradox of Liberal Constitutionalism, 2d edition. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 276 pp.

1997 The Supreme Court and Juvenile Justice. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 256 pp.

• Designated an "Outstanding Academic Book" by Choice Magazine.

• Paperback edition issued February, 2000.

1993 Judicial Power and the Charter: Canada and the Paradox of Liberal Constitutionalism. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 292 pp. Simultaneous publication in·the United States by University of Oklahoma Press.

• Cited by the Supreme Court of Canada in Doucet-Boudreau v. Nova Scotia (Minister of Education), [2003] 3 S.C.R. 3.

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Curriculum Vitae of Christopher P. Manfredi

Refereed Articles and Chapters

2009 (with James Kelly) "Should We Cheer? Contested Constitutionalism and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms," in James Kelly and Christopher Manfredi, eds. Contested Constitutionalism: Reflections on the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press: 3-29.

2009 (with Antonia Maioni) "Judicializing Health Policy: Unexpected Lessons and an Inconvenient Truth," in James Kelly and Christopher Manfredi, eds. Contested Constitutionalism: Reflections on the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press: 129-44.

2009 "In Defense of Prisoner Disenfranchisement," in Alec Ewald and Brandon Rottinghaus, eds. Democracy and Punishment: International Perspectives on Criminal Disenfranchisement Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 259-280.

2008 (with Antonia Maioni) "L'arret Chaoulli et la judiciarisation des politiques de sante," dans Franyois Beland, Le prive dans la sante: Les discours et lesfaits (Montreal: Les Presses de l'Universite de Montreal): 264-280.

2007 (with Mark Rush) "Electoral Jurisprudence in the Canadian and US Supreme Courts: Evolution and Convergence," McGill Law Journal 52 (3): 457-493.

2007 "The Day The Dialogue Died: A Comment on Sauve v. Canada," Osgoode Hall Law Journal 45 (1): 105-123.

2006 (with Antonia Maioni) "The Last Line of Defence for Citizens": Litigating Private Health Insurance III Chaoulli v. Quebec," Osgoode Hall Law Journal 44 (2): 249-271.

2006 "The Unfulfilled Promise of Dialogic Constitutionalism: Judicial­Legislative Relationships Under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms," in Tom Campbell, Jeffrey Goldsworthy, and Adrienne Stone, eds., Protecting Rights Without a Bill of Rights: Institutional Performance and Reform in Australia. Aldershot, UK/Burlington, VT : Ashgate: 239-59.

2006 (with Antonia Maioni) "Les litiges fondes sur les droits et l'emergence du role des tribunaux dans l'elaboration des politiques en matiere de sante", Ruptures: Revue transdisciplinarie en sante 11(1) : 32-55.

2005 "Deja Vu All Over Again: Chaoulli and the Limits of Judicial Policymaking," in Colleen Flood, Lome Sossin, and Kent Roach, eds., Access to Care, Access to Justice: The Legal Debate Over Private Health Insurance in Canada. Toronto: University of Toronto Press: 139-57.

2004 "Judicial Power and the Charter: Reflections on the Activism Debate," UNB Law Journal 53: 185-97.

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Curriculum Vitae of Christopher P. Manfredi

2004 "Fear, Hope and Misunderstanding: Unintended Consequences and the Marshall Decision," in Kerry Wilkins, ed., Advancing Aboriginal Claims: Visions/Strategies/Directions. Saskatoon: Purich Publishing: 190-201.

2004 "Judges as Rational Actors: Strategic Behavior and the Emergence of Judicial Supremacy in Canada, in Axel van den Berg and Hudson Meadwell, eds. The Social Sciences and Rationality: Promise, Limits and Promise. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers: 169-188.

2004 (with James Kelly) "Misrepresenting the Supreme Court's Record? A Comment on Sujit Choudhry and Claire E. Hunter, 'Measuring Judicial Activism on the Supreme Court of Canada'," McGill Law Journal 49(3): 741-64.

2004 (with Antonia Maioni) "Rights and Public Health in the Balance: Tobacco Control in Canada," in Ronald Bayer and Eric Feldman, eds. Unfiltered: International Conflict over Tobacco Policy and Public Health. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press: 68-88.

2002 "Strategic Judicial Behaviour and The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms," in Patrick James, Donald Abelson and Michael Lusztig, eds. The Myth of the Sacred: The Charter, the Courts and the Politics of the Constitution in Canada. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press: 147-67.

2002 "Courts, Culture and Community: Rescuing Constitutional Supremacy from Judicial Supremacy," in Bradley C.S. Watson, ed. Courts and the Culture Wars. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books: 153-65.

2002 "Expressive Freedom and Tobacco Advertising: A Canadian Perspective," American Journal of Public Health 92(3): 360-62.

2002 (with Antonia Maioni) "Courts and Health Policy: Judicial Policy Making and Publicly Funded Health Care in Canada" Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law 27(2): 211-38.

2001 (with James Kelly) "Dialogue, Deference and Restraint: Judicial Independence and Trial Procedures," Saskatchewan Law Review 64(2): 323-346.

1999 (with James Kelly) "Six Degrees of Dialogue: A Response to Hogg and Bushell," Os goode Hall Law Journal 37: 513-527.

1999 (with Scott Lemieux) "Judicial Discretion and Fundamental Justice: Sexual Assault in the Supreme Court of Canada," American Journal of Comparative Law 47: 489-514.

1998 (with Michael Lusztig) "Why Do Formal Amendments Fail?: An Institutional Design Analysis," World Politics 50: 377-400.

1998 "Judicial Review and Criminal Disenfranchisement in the United States and Canada," The Review of Politics 60: 277-305.

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Curriculum Vitae of Christopher P. Manfredi

1997 "Institutional Design and the Politics of Constitutional Modification: Understanding Formal Amendment Failure in the United States and Canada," Law & Society Review 31: 111-136.

1997 "The Judicialization of Politics: Rights and Public Policy in Canada and the United States," in Keith Banting, George Hoberg and Richard Simeon, eds. Degrees of Freedom: Canada and the United States in a Changing Global Context. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press: 310-340.

1996 "On the Virtues of a Limited Constitution: Why Canadians Were Correct to Reject the Charlottetown Accord," in Anthony Peacock, ed. Rethinking the Constitution: Perspectives on Canadian Constitutional Reform, Interpretation and Theory. Toronto: Oxford University Press: 40-59.

1994 '''Appropriate and Just in the Circumstances': Public Policy and the Enforcement of Rights Under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms," Canadian Journal of Political Science 27: 435-63.

1993 "Constitutional Rights and Interest Advocacy: Litigating Educational Reform in Canada and the United States," in F. Leslie Seidle ed. Equity and Community: The Charter, Interest Advocacy and Representation. Montreal: Institute For Research On Public Policy: 91-117.

Reprinted in F.L. Morton, ed. Law Politics and the Judicial Process in Canada, 3d ed. (Calgary: University of Calgary Press, 2002), 329-43.

1992 "The Canadian Supreme Court and American Judicial Review: United States Constitutional Jurisprudence and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms," American Journal of Comparative Law 40:401-23.

1991 "The Young Offenders Act and Juvenile Justice in the United States: Perspectives on Recent Reform Proposals," Canadian Journal of Law and Society 6:46-63.

1991 "Re Lavigne and Ontario Public Service Employees Union: Public Administration and Remedial Decree Litigation Under the Charter of Rights and Freedoms," Canadian Public Administration 34:395-416.

1990 "Fundamental Justice in the Supreme Court of Canada: Decisions Under S.7 of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms," American Journal of Comparative Law 38:653-682.

1990 "The Use of United States Decisions By The Supreme Court of Canada Under the Charter of Rights and Freedoms," Canadian Journal of Political Science 23:499-518.

Reprinted in Ron Saunders, ed., Introduction to Legal Processes 2d ed. (North York, ON: Captus Press, 1995).

1989 "Adjudication, Policymaking and the Supreme Court of Canada: Lessons From The Experience of the United States," Canadian Journal of Political Science 22:313-335.

207

Curriculum Vitae of Christopher P. Manfredi

1986 "Human Dignity and the Psychology of Interrogation in Miranda v. Arizona," Canadian Journal of Law and Society 1: 109-124.

Other Articles and Chapters

2010 (with James Kelly) "Courts," in John C. Courtney and David E. Smith, The Oxford Handbook of Canadian Politics. New York: Oxford University Press: 39-54.

2009 (with Mark Rush) "From Deference and Democracy to Dialogue and Distrust: The Evolution of the Court's View of the Franchise and Its Impact on the Judicial Activism Debate," Supreme Court Law Review (2d) 45: 19-36.

Also published in Joseph Eliot Magnet and Bernard Adell, eds., The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms After Twenty-Five Years. Toronto: LexisNexis: 19-36.

2008 (with Mark Rush) "Unexpected Convergences: Judging Democracy in the Canadian and US Supreme Courts," in David Thomas and Barbara Boyle Torrey, eds. Canada and the United States: Differences that Count, 3d ed. Peterborough: Broadview Press: 237-252.

2005 (with Antonia Maioni) "Reversal of Fortune: Litigating Health Care Reform in Auton v. British Columbia," Supreme Court Law Review (2d) 29: 111-36.

2005 (with Antonia Maioni) "When the Charter Trumps Health Care-A Collision of Canadian Icons," Policy Options 26 (7): 52-56.

2004 "The Life of a Metaphor: Dialogue in the Supreme Court, 1998-2003," Supreme Court Law Review (2d) 23: 105-l31.

2003 "Same Sex Marriage and the Notwithstanding Clause," Policy Options 24 (9): 21-24.

2001 "Liberal Morality and the Myths of Drug Criminalization," Policy Options Politigues 22 (8): 14-17.

2001 "Judicial Power and the Charter: Three Myths and a Political Analysis," Supreme Court Law Review (2d) 14: 331-40.

2001 Judicial Power and the Modem Nation-State (Claremont, CA: Salvatori Center Monograph Series, No.2): 29 pp.

2000 "The Chretien Court," Policy Options Politigues 21(9): 23-24.

2000 "La Charte et Ie caractere distinctif du Quebec, » Cite Libre 28(4) : 78-82.

2000 "Overstepping Its Bounds: The Supreme Court's Political Role," Canadian Issues/Themes Canadiens (Spring): 20-21.

208

Curriculum Vitae of Christopher P. Manfredi

2000 "Rights and the Judicialization of Politics in Canada and the United States," in David Thomas, ed. Canada and the United States: Differences That Count, 2d ed. Toronto: Broadview Press: 301-18.

1997 "The Charter and Federalism: A Response to Professor Balthazar," in Quebec and the Ideal of Federalism, McGill Institute for the Study of Canada, Working Papers, 25 September.

1993 "Inalienable Rights and Reasonable Limits: The US Bill of Rights and the Charter of Rights and Freedoms," in David Thomas, ed., Canada and the United States: Differences that Count. Toronto: Broadview Press: 234-5l.

1992 "Constitutional Adjudication and the Crisis of Modem Liberalism," in Y. Umar ed. George Grant and the Future of Canada. Calgary: University of Calgary Press, 1992: 103 -2l.

1992 "Commentary on Roach and Williams," in John Courtney et at, eds. Drawing Boundaries: Legislatures, Courts and Electoral Values. Saskatoon: Fifth House: 234-37.

1987 "The Emergence of Offense-Oriented Juvenile Courts," Beverly Hills Bar Association Journal 21:137-142.

Reports

2000 The Canadian Feminist Movement, Constitutional Politics, and the Strategic Use of Legal Resources (Vancouver: SFU-UBC Centre for the Study of Govemment and Business), 61 pp.

1992 "Extrinsic Evidence, Social Science and Constitutional Adjudication in the United States: Implications for Litigation Under the Charter of Rights and Freedoms," (Department of Justice, Corporate Policy and Programs Sector, Research Section): 26 pp.

1987 (with Ralph A. Rossum and Benedict J. Koller) Juvenile Justice Reform: A Model For The States, Claremont, CA: Rose Institute of State and Local Government and The American Legislative Exchange Council, pp. iii, 20l.

Book Reviews

2010 "A Race for the Ages," review of D. Plouffe, The Audacity to Win (Viking 2009) and J. Heileman & M. Halperin, Game Change (HarperCollins 2010) in Policy Options 31(7): 79-8l.

2003 Review of Janet Hiebert, Charter Conflicts: What is Parliament's Role? (Montreal/Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2002) in Review of Constitutional Studies 8(1): 117-19.

2002 Review of Paul Howe and Peter H. Russell, eds. Judicial Power and Canadian Democracy (Montreal/Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2001) in Canadian Journal of Law and Society 17 (1): 179-81.

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Curriculum Vitae of Christopher P. Manfredi

2001 Review of Hugh Mellon and Martin Westmacott, eds. Political Dispute and Judicial Review (Scarborough: Nelson Thomson Learning, 2000) in Canadian Journal of Political Science 34(2): 406-407.

2000 Review of Alexandra Dobrowolsky, The Politics of Pragmatism: Women, Representation, and Constitutionalism in Canada (Toronto: Oxford University Press, 2000) in Political Studies 48(5): 1075-76.

1998 Review of Paul M. Sniderman, Joseph F. Fletcher, Peter H. Russell, and Philip E. Tetlock, The Clash of Rights: Liberty, Equality and Legitimacy in Pluralist Democracy (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1996), in Review of Constitutional Studies IV:2 (1998), 383-85.

1998 Review of Ian Bushnell, The Federal Court of Canada: A History, 1875-1992 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1997), in The Law and Politics Book Review 8: 216-17.

1996 Review of Allan C. Hutchinson, Waiting For Coraf: A Critique of Law and Rights (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1995), in Canadian Journal of Political Science 29: 164.

1994 Review of William Kaplan and Donald McRae, eds., Law, Policy, and International Justice: Essays in Honour of Maxwell Cohen (Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1993), in Canadian Journal of Political Science 27: 629-30.

1991 Review of Andrew Heard, Canadian Constitutional Conventions: The Marriage of Law and Politics (Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1991), in Canadian Journal of Political Science 24:631-32.

1990 Review of William E. Conklin, Images of a Constitution (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1989) in Canadian Journal of Law and Society 5:142-44.

Invited Lectures and Conference Papers

2012 "Conservatives in Court: Legal Countermobilization and the Charter," Annual Meeting, Canadian Political Science Association, Edmonton, AB, 14 June.

2012 "Citizenship and Patriation: Reflections on Quebec's Self-Exclusion," 30 Years After Patriation: Taking Stock, Colloquium organized by the Association international des etudes quebebcoises, Montreal, QC, Canada, April 12-14.

2010 (with E. Richez) "Citizenship and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms," Migration-Regionalization-Citizenship: Canada and Europe in Comparative Perspective, Interdisciplinary Conference on the Occasion of the 25 th Anniversary of the Institute for Canadian Studies, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany, December 8-11.

2010 "Chaoulli, the Charter and the Canada Health Act," International Symposium on Health Care Renewal, Sponsored by the CIHR Institute of

210

Curriculum Vitae of Christopher P. Manfredi

Health Services and Policy Research and the Nova Scotia Health Research Foundation, Halifax, October 13.

2008 "Religion and Education in a Multicultural Society," Conference on Multiculturalism in Religion, Democracy, and Modernization, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, 4 December.

2007 (with Mark Rush) "The Evolution of Canadian Electoral Jurisprudence and the Canadian Conception of Representative Democracy: A Look to the Future," Association for Canadian Studies: 25th Anniversary of the Charter Conference, Ottawa, 17 April.

2007 "The Charter and Health Care Policy," Association for Canadian Studies: 25th Anniversary of the Charter Conference, Ottawa, 16 April.

2007 Invited Participant, Panel on "Charter Dialogue Between the Courts and Parliament Revisited," Osgoode Hall Law School/Law Society of Upper CanadalThe Advocates' Society: 25 th Anniversary of the Charter, Toronto, 12 April.

2007 "Judicial Power and the Charter: Reflections on 25 Years of Rights-Based Judicial Review in Canada," Faculty Colloquium in Public Law, Princeton University, 1 March.

2006 Panelist, "Implementing Chaoulli v. Quebec: Opening the door to private health care?," Health Law Students' Association, McGill University, 22 March.

2005 "Litigating Innovation: A Rights-Based Approach to Policy Reform," Symposium on "Canada and the Culture of Innovation," University of Bonn, Germany, 9 December.

2005 (with Mark Rush) "Missing the Forest for the Trees? Campaign Spending Law and Incumbent protection in Canada and the United States," Biennial Meeting, Association of Canadian Studies in the United States, St. Louis, 18 November.

2005 Invited Participant, National Summit on Chaoulli, Osgoode Hall Law School, Toronto, 26 October.

2005 "Deja Vu All Over Again: Chaoulli and the Limits of Judicial Policymaking," Access to Care, Acess to Justice: The Legal Debate Over Private Health Insurance in Canada, Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 16 September.

2005 (with Antonia Maioni) "Litigating Innovation: Health Care Policy and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms," Annual Meeting, Canadian Political Science Association, 4 June.

2005 (with Mark Rush) "Missing the Forest for the Trees? Campaign Spending Law and Incumbent Protection in Canada and the United States," Annual Meeting, Canadian Political Science Association, 3 June.

211

Curriculum Vitae of Christopher P. Manfredi

2005 "Reversal of Fortune: Litigating Health Care Reform in Auton v. British Columbia," 8th Annual Constitutional Cases Conference, Osgoode Hall Law School, Toronto, 15 April.

2005 "Legal Mobilization and Health Care Policy," Workshop on Appealing for More Care, University of Toronto, 8 March.

2005 "Dialogue and Disenfranchisement: Reflections on Sauve v. Canada," Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA, 24 January.

2005 (with Antonia Maioni) "Health Care Reform and the Charter: Looking at Auton and Chaoulli," Health Canada, Ottawa, 19 January.

2004 (with Antonia Maioni) "Litigating Innovation: Health Care Policy and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms," Annual Meeting, American Political Science Association, Chicago, 2-5 September.

2004 "Does Legal Mobilization Matter? Feminist Activism and the Charter," McGill Institute for the Study of Canada, Montreal, 28 January.

2003 "The Unfulfilled Promise of Dialogic Constitutionalism: Judicial­Legislative Relationships under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms," Workshop on Protecting Human Rights in Australia: Past, Present and Future, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia, 10-12 December.

2003 "Multicultural Citizenship and the Charter: National and Polyethnic Minority Claims Under Section 15," Biennial Meeting, Association of Canadian Studies in the United States, Portland, 19-23 November.

2002 "Tobacco Control and the Liberal State: The Case of Canada" (with Antonia Maioni), Regulation of Healthcare Industries and Patient Care, IPSA Research Committee on Comparative Health Policy, Paris, June 20-22.

2002 "Citizenship and the Charter," Charter at Twenty Conference, York University and Osgoode Hall Law School, Toronto, 13 April.

2001 "Federalism and Fundamental Rights," VIII European Multidisciplinary Seminar on Canadian Studies, Milazzo (Italy), 19 October.

2001 "Courts, Culture and Community," Courts and the Culture Wars Conference, st. Vincent College, 21 April.

2001 "Judicial Power and the Charter: Three Myths and a Political Analysis," 2000 Constitutional Cases Conference, Professional Development Program, Osgoode Hall Law School, 6 April.

2001 "Sexual Assault and the Supreme Court: The Dialogue of Strategic Interaction,"

Department of Political Science, University of Calgary, 2 February. Faculty of Law, McGill University, 24 January.

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2000 "Judicial Review and Federalism: A Research Agenda," IPSA World Congress, Quebec City, 5 August.

2000 (with James Kelly) "Dialogue, Deference and Restraint: Judicial Independence and Trial Procedures," Annual Meeting, Canadian Political Science Association, Quebec City, 31 July.

2000 "Judicial Power and the Charter," Eighth Annual Jerusalem Conference in Canadian Studies, The Hebrew University, 25-29 June.

2000 "Judicial Power and the Modem Nation-State," Salvatori Center Lecture Series, Claremont McKenna College, Claremont, CA.

1999 "Hubris, Humility and the Supreme Court of Canada: Judicial Power and the Charter," The Richard F. Salisbury Memorial Lecture, Faculty of Arts, McGill University.

1999 "Strategic Judicial Behaviour and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms," Biannual Meeting, American Association of Canadian Studies in the United States, Pittsburgh PA.

1999 "Designed to Fail: The Institutional Politics of Constitutional Reform in Canada," Canada Seminar, Weatherhead Center for International Affairs, Harvard University.

1998 (with Antonia Maoini) "Courts and Health Policy: Judicial Decisionmaking and Publicly Funded Health Care," Paper presented to the Annual Meeting, American Political Science Association, Boston, MA.

1998 (with Antonia Maioni) "Cure or Complication: Judicial Management of Provincial Health Care Policy," Paper presented to the Annual Meeting, Canadian Political Science Association, Ottawa, ON.

1998 (with Scott Lemieux) "Judicial Discretion as a Principle of Fundamental Justice: Understanding the Supreme Court's Sexual Assault Jurisprudence," Paper presented to the Annual Meeting, Canadian Political Science Association, Ottawa, ON.

1998 Distinguished Lecturer on Canadian Constitutional Politics, Department of Political Science and Faculty of Law, West Virginia University, delivered two seminars and one public lecture.

1996 (with Richard Schultz) "Self-Regulation: Objectives, Design and Implementation," Paper prepared for Office of Consumer Affairs, Industry Canada.

1996 "Liberal Citizenship and Prisoners' Voting Rights: Reflections on the Canadian Case, " Paper presented to the Annual Meeting, American Political Science Association, San Francisco, CA.

1996 (with M. Lusztig) "Amendment Overload: The Politics of Constitutional Pluralism," Paper presented to the Annual Meeting, Canadian Political Science Association, St. Catharine's, ON.

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1996 "Popular Sovereignty and Political Freedom: Reflections From Quebec," Paper, Salvatori Center 25th Anniversary Conference on Modem Freedom, Claremont McKenna College, Claremont, CA.

1995 "Citizenship, Participation and Punishment: Liberal Democracy and the Disenfranchisement of Convicted Criminals," Paper, Bi-Annual Meeting, Association for Canadian Studies in the United States, Seattle, W A.

1995 "Constitutional Modification, Institutional Design and the Politics of Gender Equality," Paper, Annual Meeting, Canadian Political Science Association, Montreal, QC.

1995 "Formal Amendment, Judicial Interpretation, and the Politics of Constitutional Interpretation: Lessons From the Canadian Case," Paper, Departmental Colloquium, Department of Political Science, Iowa State University.

1993 "Judicial Power in Canada," Lecture, Universidad Belgrano, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

1993 "Litigation and Institutional Design: The Charter of Rights and Freedoms and Micro-Constitutional Politics," Paper, Canadian Political Science Association, Annual Meeting, Ottawa.

1992 "Extrinsic Evidence, Social Science and the Enforcement of Minority Language Educational Rights," Paper, Department of Justice, Fourth Annual Conference on Human Rights and the Charter, Ottawa.

1992 "'Appropriate and Just in the Circumstances': Public Policy and the Enforcement of Rights Under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms," American Political Science Association, Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL.

1992 "The Burden of Unity: Canada's Constitutional Crisis," Invited Lecture, Claremont McKenna College, Claremont, CA.

1992 "The Young Offenders Act and the Death of the Rehabilitative Ideal in Juvenile Justice," Joint Session of the Canadian Sociology and Anthropology Association and the Canadian Law and Society Association, Charlottetown, PEL

1990 "Constitutional Adjudication and the Crisis of Modem Liberalism, Conference on George Grant and the Future of Canada, Mount Royal College, Calgary, AB.

1989 "Fundamental Justice in the Supreme Court of Canada," Invited Lecture, Claremont McKenna College, Claremont, CA.

1987 "Individual Responsibility, System Accountability, and Juvenile Justice Policy," Paper, Annual Meeting, Law & Society Association, Washington, D.C ..

1986 "Approaches to Juvenile Justice Reform," Paper, Annual Meeting, American Probation and Parole Association, Baltimore, MD.

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1986 "Professional Attitudes Towards Juvenile Justice Reform," Paper, Annual Juvenile Justice Conference of the National District Attorneys Association and the National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges, New Orleans, LA.

Other Scholarly Activities

2004 Discussant, Panel on Interpreting and Assessing the "Correct" Role for Canada's Judiciary, Annual Meeting, Canadian Political Science Association, Winnipeg, 4 June.

2002 Chair, Panel on Democracy and the Charter, Annual Meeting, Canadian Political Science Association, Toronto, 31 May.

2002 Discussant, Panel on Judicial Review, Annual Meeting, Canadian Political Science Association, Toronto, 31 May.

2002 Plenary Chair, Workshop Chair, and Panel Participant, Canadian Rights and Freedoms: 20 Years Under the Charter, Association for Canadian Studies, Ottawa, 17-20 April.

2001 Participant, Tobacco Control and the Liberal State: The Legal, Ethical and Policy Debates, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Substance Abuse Policy Research Program, Paris, 2-4 November.

2001 Chair, Panel on "The American Judiciary versus the Rule of Law," Annual Meeting, American Political Science Association, San Francisco, 31 August.

2001 Discussant, Panel on "A Retrospective on Progressive Uses of the Charter," Annual Meeting, Canadian Political Science Association, 28 May.

2001 Participant, Roundtable on "The Supreme Court and Its Critics," Annual Meeting, Canadian Political Science Association, 27 May.

2000 Discussant, Panel on Minorities, Courts and Policy, Annual Meeting, Canadian Political Science Association, Quebec City, 1 August.

2000 Discussant and Chair, Panel on Constitutional Courts: A Comparative Perspective, IPSA World Congress, Quebec City, 1 August.

1997 Discussant, Panel on Political Philosophy and Punishment, Annual Meeting, American Political Science Association.

1994 Discussant, Panel on the Supreme Court and the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Canadian Political Science Association, Annual Meeting, Calgary, AB.

1994 Participant, Roundtable on Reapportionment and Gerrymandering Under the Charter, Canadian Political Science Association, Annual Meeting, Calgary, AB.

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1993 Discussant, Panel on the Impact of the Charter, Canadian Political Science Association, Annual Meeting, Ottawa.

1989 Discussant, Panel on the Supreme Court and its Critics, Canadian Political Science Association, Annual Meeting, Quebec City.

Teaching and Administrative Experience

McGill University

Undergraduate Courses Honour's Seminar: Canadian Politics The Canadian Judicial Process The Canadian Constitution: Rights and Liberties Canadian Public Administration Crime and Politics in Comparative Perspective Law and Politics in Canada Government and Politics of the United States Seminar in Canadian Studies: Issues in Canadian Justice First Year Seminar: Inside Political Campaigns

Graduate Courses Judicial Politics and the Constitution Comparative Federalism

Graduate and Undergraduate Independent Reading Courses Constitutional Law and Canadian Federalism The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms American Theories of Judicial Review and Constitutional Interpretation Civil Rights and Liberties in the United States Congress, The President, and Foreign Policy

Administration Trustee, McGill Institute for the Study of Canada. Chair, Department of Political Science. Member, Tenure Committee, Faculty of Law . Member, Academic Advisory Committee and Curriculum Committee, McGill

Institute for the Study of Canada. Member, Directorship Search Committee, McGill Institute for the Study of

Canada. Director of Graduate Studies, Department of Political Science. Chair, Constitutional Review Committee, Faculty of Arts. Speaker, Faculty of Arts, McGill University. Member, Faculty Review Board, Faculty of Arts. Co-Ordinator, Canadian Studies Programme, Faculty of Arts. Chair, Committee on Teaching, Faculty of Arts. Editor, Working Papers Series, Department of Political Science. Co-Director, Majors Programme, Department of Political Science.

Students Supervised

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Ph.D.

Erin Crandall (In progress) Kate Puddister (In progress) Megan Cudmore (In progress)

Emmanuel Richez (2012) Matthew Hennigar (2003) Troy Riddell (2002) James Kelly (1999, co-supervisor)

Natalie Amar Paul Armitage Frederic Berard Eric Block Diva Bortolussi Michael Colson Louise Edmonds Christopher Forrest Bruce Hicks Scott Lemieux Nancy MacDonald Gayle Noble David Outerbridge Christopher Rodgers Jody Shugar Cindy-Anne Turner Julien Paupert de Rohnay

Research Grants

Research Grant, "Conservatives in Court; Legal Countermobilization and the Charter," Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, 2009-2012 ($67,426).

Research Grant, "Innovation and Implementation in Public Policy," Max Bell Foundation, 2005-2008 (with A. Maioni, N. Cooke, R. Schultz, S. Soroka, w. Straw, $300,000).

Research Grant, "Rights Litigation and Health Care Policy," Canadian Institutes for Health Research, 2003-2006 (with Antonia Maioni, $158,390).

Research Grant, "Citizenship and the Charter," Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, 2002-2005 ($75,000).

Research Grant, "Federalism and Judicial Review," Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (Strategic Programs and Joint Inititiatives), 2000-2002 ($31,970).

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Research Grant, "Feminism in Court: The Canadian Women's Movement and the Strategic Use of Legal Resources," Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, 1997-2000 ($32,900).

Research Grant, Donner Canadian Foundation, Project on Interest Group Behaviour in the Information Age, 1995 ($10,000).

Research Grant, "Constitutional Litigation, Institutional Design, and the Politics of Rights," Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, 1994-1997 ($28,000).

Social Sciences Research Grant, Faculty of Graduate Studies, McGill University, 1992 ($2,500).

Law and Social Issues in Canada, Pilot program jointly funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, the Department of the Solicitor General and the Department of Justice, 1991 ($8,755 grant to study remedial decree litigation under the Charter of Rights and Freedoms).

Canada Research Fellowship, Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, 1988 (three year term [total value $57, 500], fourth year renewal declined in favour of tenure track position).

Other Awards

Doctoral Fellowship, Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, 1985-1987 ($12,000 per year).

Phi Beta Kappa Scholarship, 1985 ($1,500).

Claremont Graduate School University Fellowship, 1983-1985 (Full tuition).

Province of Alberta Graduate Scholarship, 1982-1983 ($7,200).

Ralph Steinhauer Award of Distinction, Alberta Heritage Scholarships, 1981-1982 ($10,000).

Honours

David L. Johnston Award, McGill Alumni Association, for exemplary work on behalf of the McGill Annual Fund, 2010.

Best Book Award, Canadian Law and Society Association, for Feminist Activism in the Supreme Court, 2005.

Donner Book Prize, shortlisted for Feminist Activism in the Supreme Court, 2005.

Professional Service

Member, Governor General Expert Advisory Committee, (Special committee to advise the Prime Minister on the appointment of the Governor General), 2010.

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Member, Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (Order-in­Council appointment), 2008-

Guest Member, Editorial Committee, Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 2005.

College of Reviewers, Canada Research Chairs Programme, 2005-.

Board of Directors/Treasurer, Association for Canadian Studies, 2003-2007.

Program Committee Chair, Charter at Twenty Conference, Association for Canadian Studies, 2002.

Nominating Committee, APSA Organized Section on Law and Courts, American Political Science Association.

Member, Standard Research Grants Selection Committee (Committee 11), Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Canadian Scholarship Selection Committee, International Council for Canadian Studies.

Member, Advisory Committee, Innovations: A Journal of Politics; Editorial Advisory Board, Citizens and Statesmen: An Annual Review of Political Theory and Public Life

Manuscript Reviewer, Oxford University Press; Nelson Canada; McClelland and Stewart; Broadview Press; Canadian Journal of Political Science; Canadian Journal of Law and Society; Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice; American Review of Canadian Studies; Policy Studies Journal; Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis; Politique et Societes; Polity; Cambridge University Press; Canadian Public Administration; Social Science & Medicine; Review of Politics; McGill-Queen's University Press; UBC Press, Journal of Politics; Political Research Quarterly; Law & Society Review; American Journal of Political Science; McGill Journal of Law and Health.

External Ph.D.Examiner, Department of Political Science, University of Toronto; Department of Politics, Queen's University.

External Tenure and Promotion Reviewer, Simon Fraser University; University of Pittsburgh; University of the Pacific; University of Ottawa; Queen's University; University at Buffalo (State University of New York).

Other, Reviewer, Connaught Research Fellowship, University of Toronto.

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Professional Affiliations

American Political Science Association. Canadian Political Science Association.

References

A vailable on request.