306A: Special editionFirst-language acquisitionGuest lecturer

Radial networkEnglish -er

Radial networkEnglish -er-er, West Germanic -ri; Old Teutonic -rjo-z; Old High German -ri; Gothic -areis, brazier, clothier, glazier, hatter, slater, tinner, singer,

-ar, Latinbursar, scholar, vicar,

-or, Latinactor, author, captor, censor, confessor, doctor,

Multiple choice #8Japanime

8.Semasiologically, the word anime (a style of animation developed in Japan), exemplifies

a.folk etymology.b.clipping.c.metonymy.d.blending.e.abbreviation.

Multiple choice #8Japanime

8.Semasiologically, the word anime (a style of animation developed in Japan), exemplifies

a.folk etymology.b.clipping.c.metonymy.d.blending.e.abbreviation.

Multiple choice #8Nipponime xJapanime x

8.Semasiologically, the word anime (a style of animation developed in Japan), exemplifies

a.folk etymology.b.clipping.c.metonymy.d.blending.e.abbreviation.

Multiple choice #8animation

8.Semasiologically, the word anime (a style of animation developed in Japan), exemplifies

a.folk etymology.b.clipping.c.metonymy.d.blending.e.abbreviation.

Multiple choice #8animetion

8.Semasiologically, the word anime (a style of animation developed in Japan), exemplifies

a.folk etymology.b.clipping.c.metonymy.d.blending.e.abbreviation.

Multiple-choice: #18-20dis|en|tangle|menten-enlarge, ennoble, ensure, enslave, endanger, encrust, entrap, enseal, entangle,

18.The English word disentanglement contains

a.one morpheme.b.two morphemes.c.three morphemes.d.four morphemes.e.five morphemes.

19.The English word disentanglement contains

a.one bound morpheme.b.two bound morphemes.c.three bound morphemes.d.four bound morphemes.e.five bound morphemes.

20.The English word disentanglement contains

a.one derivational morpheme.b.two derivational morphemes.c.three derivational morphemes.d.four derivational morphemes.e.five derivational morphemes.

Multiple-choice: #18-20dis|en|tangle|menten-enlarge, ennoble, ensure, enslave, endanger, encrust, entrap, enseal, entangle,

to entangle vs. to tangle

18.The English word disentanglement contains

a.one morpheme.b.two morphemes.c.three morphemes.d.four morphemes.e.five morphemes.

19.The English word disentanglement contains

a.one bound morpheme.b.two bound morphemes.c.three bound morphemes.d.four bound morphemes.e.five bound morphemes.

20.The English word disentanglement contains

a.one derivational morpheme.b.two derivational morphemes.c.three derivational morphemes.d.four derivational morphemes.e.five derivational morphemes.

1st language acquisition

Do we need to know this?

Yes

What I mean is, ah, will it be on the exam?

Yes

StagesPre-natalIntonation acquisition and personal discrimination begins0 - 2 moreflexive, vegetative2 - 5 moresponsive cooing, laughing4 - 7 mobabbling6 - 12 moreduplicative babbling9 - 18 monon-reduplicative babbling18 - 72 moall hell breaks loose

All Hell Breaks Loose+ 72 moSyntax, phonology setLexical acquisition continuesMinor morphological development Pragmatic developmentStylistic development(L2 acquisition)

Pre-natal to 7 mo (roughly)Pre-natalpersonal and native language discrimination0 - 5 momigration from expressive (indexical) noises to communicative noises to vocal play4 - 7 moa wide range of noises narrows down toward community speech sounds (phones).

6 to 12 mo (roughly) Reduplicative babbling

mama, gaga, babaphonological practice, rather than communicationincreased control over articulators

9 to 18 mo (roughly) Non-reduplicative babbling expressive jargonintonation and stress patterns of language sounds like Language X (X = Swedish, Hindi, Basque, ), but just more sophisticated practicingoverlaps with word development and the beginnings of clear communicative intent

bij hQpij hQpij hQpij hQpij...gkij gkij gkij gkij gkij ...Ajno Ajno Ajno Ajno Ajno...

Phoneme acquisitionBabblingThe cardinal stopsp b mt d nk gThe cardinal vowels i uOther soundss z h w jRare and/or late f v T D S Z tS dZ l r N

Consonant progression

stops < fricatives < glides < liquids < affricates

Consonant cluster aversionDropping fricativesliquidsnasalswhen they cluster with stops

Consonant cluster aversionDropping fricatives [stAp] [tAp]liquids [trAjt] [tAj]nasals [kAjt] [tAjt]when they cluster with stops

Substitutions stopxstopy[kAjt] [tAjt]fricativexfricativey[fIS] [fIs]sonorants vowels [wejl] [wej]fricativesstops [sij] [tij]liquidsglides [lAjt] [wAjt]nasalsstops[tN] [tg]

14mo +Proto-words and words commingleNoun-heavyThe dedication and joy of acquisition

Proto-words (Galen, 15 mo)

meaningsoundusageblow [fff]Said when food needed coolingwhoosh[wus]Said of toilets and sneezesoh?[?o]Parent-humouring noisetasty![nmnm]Said in appreciation of foodyay![doij]Said in joyous appreciation of favoured objects and totems

Proto-words (Oriana, 16 mo)

meaningsoundusagenegatives[nej] [now] [nowej]Said when decliningaffirmative[mmm]Said when acceptingGetyourassingear[???]Said to urge on parentssmack[nnntj]air kiss

wu m wAp wApIs that right?mm hmm

dudawa dej t dudijdijPardon me?dudawa dej t dudijdij

Words (Galen, 15 mo)

wordsoundaccompany/subcat[tQt][mrAuw]cow[kAw][muw]lamb[lQm][bA?A?A?]monkey[mntij][E?E?E?]duck[dQt]A trilled, lateral-tongue-against-cheek flapping noise that actually sounded a bit like a duckwhale[wej]Non-totemiclion[lAjn]

Words (Galen, 15-17 mo)chair, man, truck, hat, horn, vegetables, night-time, baby, medicine,shampoo, belt, watch, mail, sleep, button, train, pizza, fan, light, bath, diaper, hospital, paper, submarine,

Mostly nouns, some verbs, two prepositions, a few adjectives, some greetings.

Words (Oriana, 16 mo)

wardsoundcontextsow[Aw]when hurt, tickled, inconvenienced in any waymore[mow]said mostly of food and drink, but also of activities (being carried), sometimes before she has had anyhiya[hAj]said in greeting

Conversing with Oriana (14 mo)Oriana:bApA! bApA!IR:Yes, Oriana? Oriana:wu baktijn matsa mowIR:Juice? Oriana:gij (affirmative intonation, nod)

Conversing with Oriana (16 mo)Oriana:bApA! bApA! IR:Yes, Oriana? Oriana:hQmij wu tA wuIR:Juice? Oriana:wu (affirmative intonation, nod)

Re-babbling (Galen, 19 - 21 mo)baby-bAby, baby-bAby, baby-bAby, baby-bAby ... (coming from the chorus of a song his mother also reduplicated endlessly)woodsy, woodsy, woodsy, woodsy, ... (repeating the name of a toy squirrel)dzuaaha, dzuaaha, dzuaaha, dzuaaha, ... budgia, budgia, budgia, budgia (I think they just sounded good)dibbadibbadibba Whats Galen saying? (19 mo)

Galen @ 28 mo

Galen @ 127 mo

Galen @ 28 moAcquisition strategiesRepetitions, echoesPlayfulness: noises and elaborate pronunciationsImmediate environmental interaction: naming, questioning

Galen @ 28 moPAPAPAPAPAPA! WHAT did you BRING!? You brought GROCERIES! You brought CANS OF SOUP! (picking them out of the bag and running off with them; he had no particular fondness for soup; it was just something to shout about). (Returning) And you brought GARBAGE BAGS! GREEN ONES! These are BIG GREEN GARBAGE BAGS! And LIGHTBULBS!

General vocal behavioursnoises, hoots, and squealswide range of voices (slow, fast, creaky, redrum, Louis-Armstrongish plaint)demented chanting (deedeedeedee deedeedeetABLE)special pronuciations (Bhhhr-e-e-a-a-duh, t.a.b.le.s.a.n.d.ch.ai.r.s)(walks: groucho, flying nun, stiff-legged side-step, and wiggle-butt)

Suprasegmental phonology (Galen)Hes b-a-a-A-A-A-a-a-d, papa. That beetles b-a-a-A-A-A-a-a-a-d! (23 mo)I want to go outs-i-i-i-i-I-I-I-I-i-i-i-i-de! (22 - 25 mo)I want Strawbe-e-e-e-E-E-E-E-e-e-e-e-ries! (24 mo)No-o-o-O-O-O-o-o-o! (a lot, c20 - 26 mo)DeedeedeedeedeedeedeedeedeedeetABLE! (22 mo)L-l-l-l-ets go outside! (24 mo)

Syntax (Galen)Hellooo Papa! Hellooo cat! Hellooo pitzy truck! (c17 mo; said to everybody and everything, with devout conviction that an answer would come back) More X! (More books! More banana! More sticks! ...; c17 mo) Want some juice now, for Galen. (19 mo) Go! Go! Go! (c18 mo; said while running full tilt in no specific direction)Lets go! (c18 mo; said just before running full titlt in no specific direction)Run! Run! Run! (c18 mo; see Go! Go! Go!)Ill take it! (c19 mo, of anything which took his fancy)Must take it! (c20 mo; this one often had a noun in place of the pronoun, as in Must take tractor!)Go this way! (Lets go this way!;18 - 22 mo; said, usually in the car but sometimes when being carried, while pointing in any direction youre not going)Maybe X! (Maybe sit down! Maybe read a book! Maybe sit down right here!; 19 mo)

Galens First passive constituent-questionG:What are they doing there? (He had seen some potato chips in a store)IR:Waiting to be bought and eaten, I guess.G:What are they going to be eaten for ... with ... what are they going to be eaten for ... by ... Who are they going to be eaten by? (27 mo)

Im a bit sore today.I dont want you to be sore. I want you to be clean. I want you to be clean in your diaphragm.

Youve got a freckle.Whats a freckle called?Its called a freckle.No. What are freckles called?

Maybe means no!I know it means yes or no but it really means no.I know what it really means, but Just forget about it!It means no!

[To a stuffed pig:] You miss your parents? Thats OK. I have a memory of them. They were pink. Just a minute, I have a memory of them. [Goes off and returns with a long pink snake.] Here it is. Its a memory of your mom and dad.

Morphology (Galen)Those are ambulances , Papa: ambulancES! (21 mo)Im digestING my penne, mommy. DigestING. (28 mo)WolFS, papa, wolFS. Not wolVES, wolFS (28 mo)Im up-pleased (c 27-29 mo)I need a ball to tennis (26 mo; upon picking up a tennis racket)Whats it for tanking? (27 mo; of a tanker truck)I get it! One octopi is an octopus, but two octopusses is an octopi!

Morphology (Oriana)need to keep our hands undry. (38 mo)It was still unwet (38 mo)

[on finding a newspaper in our driveway] Somebody slobbed us!

Galens the most unlistener!

Well, Linda and Auntie Dolly are bestest mommies in the world. But youre the most bester mommy in the world, mommy!Same day

Well, papa. I dont want you to do no more jokeness. You did jokeness. Why did you do that? That jokeness.

Lookit! Thats a school, a school of fish.Which ones the teacher?Mmm-hmm

Thumbelinas warmness saved the swallow. Her warmth revived the swallow.

Lexical innovationThat will feel me better! (also, That will feel me up)Fish! Dragon! Ill call it a funny-fish dragon. Is that a good deal?

The good-er you are, the far-er you have to go back. Im really yumming it. I ick it.

Na means Im going to be your sister again. Okay? Okay, Galen?Whatever.. Na! . Na! . Na! Na, Galen!

Philosophy of language Hello cat. Im fine. Im fine. Youre fine. (Oriana, 19 mo)Dont be noisy, wind! Im talking, wind! Dont be noisy! Thats rude! Dont be rude, wind! (Galen, 27 mo)Dont blow! Wind! Dont blow! (Oriana, 32 mo)No! Dont say that! Dont say it, Papa! (Oriana, 26 mo)Im pretending you didnt tell me that. You pretend too, Papa! (Galen, 28 mo)

G:I want some salt, please, Mommie. M:Just a minute, Darlo. G:Some salt please, Mommie. M: no response ...G:Some of that white stuff there. (Galen, 27 mo)

StagesPre-natal0 - 2 moreflexive, vegetative2 - 5 moresponsive cooing, laughing4 - 7 mobabbling6 - 12 moreduplicative babbling9 - 18 monon-reduplicative babbling18 - 72 moall hell breaks loosePhoneme acquisitionSyntactic acquisitionLexical acquisition Morphological acquisition

L1 AcquisitionStagesPrenatal learning - syntactic acquisitionPhonologyCardinal consonants & vowelsConsonant progressionSubstitutionsLexical acquisitionResponsive cooing - noun gatheringMorphological, syntactic acquisitionRule acquisitionKids philosophy of languagePower and omnipresence of language