3. sustainable development
TRANSCRIPT
AR 443A: PLANNING 3: Introduction to Urban and Regional PlanningFinals Handouts
3. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
You are probable aware that in some way, something is wrong with the way development is going. You may have heard about “Sustainable Development or the Philippine Agenda 21.
But chances are many things are not clear to you But, don’t worry, we shall be guiding you to a journey towards understanding what “Sustainable Development is all about.
Here’s the guideline
• You must be willing the leave things behind like travelers.• To be immersed in new ideas.• Use what you will be learning to change things for better.
Historical Timeline:
• WW II• Post Late 1960’s.• 1972 UN Conference on Human Environment culture production in the gulf.• Two decades after• 1987, Our Common Future (WCED)• 1992, UNCED• The Philippines and Philippine Council for Sustainable Development
The Philippine Agenda 21?
• National Agenda for Sustainable Development• A milestone document done with exhaustive consultation and people’s participation.• A development policy that reflects international commitments.• Integrates Social Reform Agenda, Conference on Human Ecological Security, Anti-poverty Summit and the Manila
International conference for the Operationalization of the Economics of Sustainable Development.• Contains 3 major sections: (1) The Principles of Unity; (2) The Action Agenda; and (3) The Implementing
Mechanism.
What is happening around?
Current development trends in the country today:
• Demographic trends• Cultural trends• S & T• Economic trends• Urbanization• Human development• Environmental trends• Institutional trends• Political trends
So, all these have been happening, does it mean development is bad? Or perhaps what we need is a better development model.
And this is “Sustainable Development. A development that meets the needs of today without compromising the ability of the future generation to meet their own needs”. (Our Common Future)
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AR 443A: PLANNING 3: Introduction to Urban and Regional PlanningFinals Handouts
Sustainable development advocates that Society as the Center of Development
• The Key Actors in SD
Roles in the process
• Government is the key factor in Polity, concerned mainly with participatory, democratic governance and in making rules to secure, equity and human rights for all citizens.
• Business is the key factor in Economy mainly concerned with the mutually beneficial production and distribution of goods and services to meet the physical needs of the people.
• Civil Society is the key factor in Culture mainly concerned with developing the social and spiritual capacities of the people in order to expand knowledge, have clearer values and to advocate public interest.
The essence of Sustainable Development is the harmonious integration of a sound and viable economy, responsible governance, social cohesion/harmony and ecological integrity to ensure that development is a life-enhancing process.
So how should Eco-Industrial Development done?
It should always consider:1. Economic 2. Political3. Cultural4. Science and Technology5. Ecology6. Social7. Institutional
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Civil Society Government
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Business
AR 443A: PLANNING 3: Introduction to Urban and Regional PlanningFinals Handouts
Some of the pertinent laws, issuances and administrative orders relevant to eco-industrial development:• Constitution Art. ll, Sec 16. • Constitution Art. Xll, Sec 2. (The Regalian Doctrine)• Constitution Art. Xll, Sec 2. • Constitution Art. Xll, Sec 5.• RA 6969 and DENR AO No. 29• RA 6975 (Dec. 13 , 1990)• RA 7076• RA 7160, Sec. 131, 138, 149• RA 7161• RA 7586 NIPAS Act• RA 7942 Philippine Mining Act of 1995• RA 8435 AFMA Law• RA 8550 The Philippine Fisheries Code of 1998
Some of the pertinent laws, issuances and administrative orders relevant to eco-industrial development:• Commonwealth Act 141 Public Land Act of 1936• PD 424 Creates the National Water Resources Council• PD 564 (as amending PD 19s 1973) The Philippine Tourism Authority Charter• PD 705 The Forestry Code of 1975• PD 825 • PD 856 Sanitation Code, Chap 7, Industrial Hygiene• PD 979 and 984 Marine Pollution Decree• PD 1067 The Water Resources code of the Philippines• PD 1151 Philippine Environmental Policy• PD 1152 Philippine Environmental Code• PD 1586 Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) System
Reference:
Sustainable Development:A Guiding Principle Towards Eco-Industrial Development
Plutomeo M. Nieves, DeanBicol University Tabaco CampusTabaco City
Arch. Dennis C. de VillaNovember 5, 2013
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AR 443A: PLANNING 3: Introduction to Urban and Regional PlanningFinals Handouts
3.a THE PHILIPPINE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT STATUS
A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
Philippine response to the call of Earth Summit of 1992:
1. Executive Order No. 15 (September 1, 1992)PCSD to provide mechanism for attaining principles of SD and ensure integration in the Philippine National Policies, Plans and Programs that will involve all sectors of society.
2. Memorandum Order No. 288 (July 5, 1995)- Directing the formulation of PA 21
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OUTLINE
I. Historical Perspective of Sustainable Development (SD)
II. Definition of SD
III. Strengthening Philippine Agenda 21 Implementation
IV. Philippine Progress in SD
V. Challenges and Proposed Measures
VI. Rio+20 Outcomes & PHL Proposed Way Forward
AR 443A: PLANNING 3: Introduction to Urban and Regional PlanningFinals Handouts
Philippine Agenda 21
The national translation of Agenda 21 and the country’s blueprint for sustainable development. Envisions a better life for all Filipinos and laid down the principles for the action agenda across ecosystems. Formulated through a consultative and consensus building process between the government and civil society and
business sector. Stands as a collective expression of the nation’s agenda for sustainable development t
SD DEFINITIONS
Brundtland Report/ Our Common Future, 1987UN Commission n Environment and Development, 1999 (Rio Summit)
“development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own need”.
Philippine Agenda“SD is the harmonious integration of a sound and viable economy, responsible governance, social
cohesion/ harmony and ecological integrity to ensure that development is a life-enhancing process. The ultimate aim of development is human development now and future generations”.
STRENGTHENING PA 21 IMPELEMENTATIONS
1. Memorandum Order No. 399 (s.1996)Directing the operationalization of the Philippine Agenda 21 and monitoring its implementation.
2. Memorandum Order No. 47 (s.1999)Strengthening the operationalization and localization of Philippine Agenda 21 and monitoring its implementation.
3. Operationalizing SD Principlesa. Integration of SD Principles in the Medium-Term Philippine Development Plan (2011 to 2016 & 2000 to 2004),b. Alignment of PA 21/SD Strategies in local land use and development plans,c. Environmental Impact Assessment of the National Development Plan, 1999 to 2004,d. Strengthening of the Environmental Impact System (Executive Order No. 291),e. Establishment of the PEENRA System (Executive Order No. 406), f. Identification of Sustainable Development Indicators (SDIs) in the Philippines.
4. SD Localizationa. Governance for Philippine Agenda 21 (GOPA 21): sub-program on localization
Establishment of local councils for SD in 9 project sites in the 2 major islands (i.e., Visayas and Mindanao) Consensus based formulation and institutionalization of Local Agenda 21 into the governance processes of 9
LGU’s.b. Mainstreaming SD and PA 21 into National, Regional, and Local levels of governance.
Establishment of LCSDs in Luzon to build local government capacities in integrating SD principles into development plans and programs.
Project Sites: 3 Provinces (Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Aurora) and 3 Local Government Units (Boac, Marinduque; Tanya, Rizal; La Trinida, Benguet).
5. Multilateral Environmental Agreements UN Framework Convention on Biological Diversity UN Convention to Combat Desertification (2000) UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (2003) Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (2006)
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PHILIPPINE PROGRESS IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
PA Limitations Absence of analytical baseline condition All strategies and action agenda and targets do not necessarily provide the possible intervention activities The strategies do not have OVIs and risks were not assumed and identified Cannot be monitored and assessed, nor provide feedback for adjustments.
Adjusted Methodologies1. Interventions were culled and log frame format was adopted (interventions became the first critical entries, PPPP)2. Linked the interventions to sustainability criterion and define desirable criterion state:
a. Natural resource and environmental stock and quality,b. Efficiency of economic activity,c. Access to natural and environmental resources and the distribution of benefits, andd. Poverty eradication.
3. Determine the level of implementation and adequacy of intervention (presence of intervention gaps/omissions).4. Assess the impact of interventions (movement from an undesired baseline to an improved state).5. Determine Ecosystem criterion scores.6. Validate assessment with experts.
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DESIRED GOALS/ POSSIBILITIES FOR EACH CRITERION
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All ecosystems have not reached even half f the desired sustainability level. Forest, biodiversity, mining and freshwater - most unsustainable Lowland agriculture and coastal and marine - least unsustainable Need to go back on track towards SD - address constraints in implementation.
CHALLENGES
1. Presence of intervention omissions and gaps Slow implementation of the action agenda Lack of local awareness Local leadership Cooperation and convergence of NGA’s
2. Unfunded or limited funding.3. Governance or Political Will
PROPOSED MEASURES
1. Restock, rebuild and restore the depleted natural capital.2. Implement a moratorium to decouple production and consumption from the resource base.3. Develop green technology and promote green industries.4. Establish and improve the governance framework
Mechanisms for Good Governancea. Effective partnershipb. Participatory decision making (up to bottom)c. Accountabilityd. Resolution of Conflicts
5. Leadership Requirements National leadership with a passion for SD and inclusive growth Capacity to go beyond policy formulation Find solutions to policy/ implementation gaps and concrete problems Enforce much needed policies in collaboration with different partners
RIO +20 OUTCOMES
1. Outcome document Global reaffirmation to SD SD Goals Guidelines on applying green economy policies as one of the tools in advancing SD and addressing poverty Strengthen the environmental pillar - upgrade UNEP High - level political forum Strategy for mobilizing financial resources for SD Options for accelerating technology transfer to developing countries
2. Global Green Growth Institute Philippines one of the founding members
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AR 443A: PLANNING 3: Introduction to Urban and Regional PlanningFinals Handouts
PROPOSED WAY FORWARD
1. SDGs should build on competent MDGs SDGs should include increasing resilience of vulnerable groups from impacts of negative externalities Human Development Evidences-based and Quantitative Include participation of stake holders
2. IFSD Integration in national-local development planning Capacity building for policy makers and leaders
3. Technology Cooperation Broad access by strong cooperation and linkages of countries Assistance in developing indigenous and economically viable technologies
4. Transition to GE GE as important rallying point for better integration of 3 pillars of SD Transition to consider common but differentiated responsibilities and respect national development objectives
and capacities.
R. Tungpalan5 July 2012Legend Hotel, Puerto Princesa CityPalawan
Arch. Dennis C. de VillaNovember 5, 2013
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