3 rd generation drivers

1U101 UMTS Network Systems Overview

3rd Generation Drivers and Standards

3rd Generation Drivers and Standards3rd Generation Drivers and Standards



Introduction and Session AimsIntroduction and Session Aims• This session is focussed at looking

at how and why the 3rd Generation standards have evolved

• Firstly we will look at the goals and the focus of the ITU in IMT-2000

• We will then examine what drivers from the regions and the various industry bodies who have an interest in 3rd Generation

• Finally we will round up by looking at the IMT-2000 cellular standards

•IMT-2000•IMT-2000 spectrum

•Drivers from Europe, America and Asia•Regulatory bodies•Standardisation bodies•Industry associations

•3rd Generation Cellular Standards


IMTIMT--20002000• IMT-2000 (International Mobile Telecommunications 2000) is a

program focussed at providing a single global standard for mobile communications

• Development started in 1985 as FPLMTS ! Future Public Land Mobile Telecommunications System

• Proposed by the ITU (International Telecommunications Union)



Who does IMTWho does IMT--2000 serve?2000 serve?• Integrating all the following users

! fixed! cellular! cordless! professional mobile radio! paging! satellite! specialised (aeroplane, etc)


IMT-2000 terminal and services


Aspects of IMTAspects of IMT--2000 Networks2000 Networks3rd Generation Drivers and Standards

Different aspects of IMT-2000 access networks


What are the IMTWhat are the IMT--2000 goals?2000 goals?• Data Rates

! Local area - 2 Mbps" In office, stationary

! Limited mobility - 384 kbps" Urban pedestrian

! Full mobility - 144 kbps" Rural in car

• High spectrum efficiency compared to existing systems• High flexibility to introduce new services



IMTIMT--2000 Spectrum2000 Spectrum

1800 20501900 1950 20001850 2100 2150 2200

ITU(WARC-92)

Europe

Japan

Korea

USA

1885 1980 2010 2025 2110 2170 2200

1920 1980 2010 2025 2110 2170 2200

1920 1980 2110 2170

2110 21701920 1980

1850 1910 1930 1990 2110 2200

MSS MSSIMT-2000

Land Mobile

IMT-2000

Land Mobile UL

IMT-2000

Land Mobile UL

IMT-2000

Land Mobile

IMT-2000

Land Mobile DL

IMT-2000

Land Mobile DL

UMTS

Paired UL

UMTS

Paired DLUMTS

SATUMTS

SAT

UMTS

UnpairedUMTS

Unpaired

IMT-2000

Land Mobile

PCS

ULPCS

DLReserved

1900

DECTGSM 18001880



IMTIMT--2000 Future Spectrum2000 Future SpectrumITU

(WRC-2000)

Europe

Japan

Korea

USA

2200 3000600 1000 1400 1800 2400

806 960 1710

1880

2500 2690

890 960 1710

GSM 1800GSM 900

New IMT-2000 New IMT-2000 New IMT-2000

Cellular PCS



IMTIMT--2000 Candidate Technology Evaluation2000 Candidate Technology Evaluation• The ITU issued a request for proposals for the Radio

Transmission Technology (RTT) for IMT-2000 to be submitted in June 1998

• Following this a self evaluation of the RTT submitted was required by September 1998

• Candidate technologies were then evaluated according to their compliance with the goals for IMT-2000



IMTIMT--2000 Candidate 2000 Candidate HarmonisationHarmonisation• A number of technologies were submitted many of which had

distinct similarities• Of course operators were generally keen on a single standard

to allow global roaming and economies of scale! Operators Harmonisation Group (OHG)

• This led to two partnership projects being set up:! 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)

" Dealing with UMTS FDD/TDD and related candidate technologies a

! 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2)" Dealing with cdma2000 and related candidate technologies



3G Standardization Environment3G Standardization Environment3rd Generation Drivers and Standards

Key Players and their relationships in the IMT-2000 standardisation environment


• Five candidate technologies were eventually selected:

! IMT-DS (Direct Spread)"UMTS FDD

! IMT-MC (Multi Carrier)"cdma2000

! IMT-TC (Time Code)"UMTS TDD

! IMT-SC (Single Carrier)"EDGE/UWC-136

! IMT-FT (Frequency Time)"DECT

IMTIMT--2000 Selected Air Interface Standards2000 Selected Air Interface Standards3rd Generation Drivers and Standards


• Three candidate technologies will be used:

! GSM MAP Evolved! ANSI-41 Evolved! IP Based

"Driven forward by 3GIP

IMTIMT--2000 Selected Core Network Standards2000 Selected Core Network Standards3rd Generation Drivers and Standards


IMTIMT--2000 Standards2000 Standards3rd Generation Drivers and Standards

The IMT-2000 family of standards


• North America and US influenced countries! Dominated by 2G TDMA/cdmaOne! USA has slower growth because recipient party pays! Mess of digital systems at 800 and 1900 MHz! US manufacturers have pushed forward growing cdmaOne standard! PCS spectrum overlaps IMT-2000 band! Major Drivers

" Spectrum sharing and compatibility with 2G standard" National/International roaming

cdma2000 (cdmaOne operators)cdma2000 (cdmaOne operators)EDGE (TDMA operators)EDGE (TDMA operators)

North America DriversNorth America Drivers3rd Generation Drivers and Standards


• Europe and European Influenced Countries! GSM provided 2nd generation roaming across Europe! Plenty of Capacity at 1800MHz! IMT2000 band compatible with current spectrum usage leads to no

spectrum sharing issues! EU enforced standardisation means UMTS for ‘at least 1 operator’ per

country! Major Drivers

" Higher Data Rates" Continued global dominance of European based standard

UMTSUMTS

European DriversEuropean Drivers3rd Generation Drivers and Standards


Japan/Korean DriversJapan/Korean Drivers• Japan and Korea

! PHS and PDC left Japanese manufacturers isolated! IMT2000 band compatible with current spectrum usage leads to no

spectrum sharing issues! Political US relationships...! Major Drivers

" Capacity for Voice" Global market for cellular infrastructure

UMTSUMTS



Cordless DriversCordless Drivers• You can’t get 2Mbps out of the cellular standards• Hence a requirement for cordless style standards

! UMTS TDD Mode! DECT



Industry Bodies Industry Bodies -- Radio RegulatoryRadio Regulatory• ITU (International)

! http://www.itu.int/

• ERO (EU) ! European Radio Office! http://www.ero.dk/

• RA (UK)! Radiocommunications Agency! http://www.radio.gov.uk/

• FCC (USA) ! Federal Communications

Commission! http://www.fcc.gov/



Industry Bodies Industry Bodies -- Trade AssociationsTrade Associations• UMTS Forum

! http://www.umts-forum.org/

• GSM Association! http://www.gsmworld.com/index1.html

• CDMA Development Group! http://www.cdg.org/

• GSM Suppliers Association! http://www.gsacom.com/home.html

• Universal Wireless Communications Consortium! http://www.uwcc.org/



Industry Bodies Industry Bodies -- Standards GroupsStandards Groups• 3GPP

! UMTS FDD and TDD! Standards Development! http://www.3gpp.org/

• 3GPP2! cdma2000! Standards Development! http://www.3gpp2.org/

• 3GIP! IP Core Network! http://www.3gip.org/



Partnership Projects and Standards Partnership Projects and Standards OrganisationsOrganisations


Relationships between the standards organisations


3GPP Member 3GPP Member OrganisationsOrganisations• ETSI (EU)

! http://www.etsi.org/

• ARIB (Japan)! http://www.arib.or.jp/arib/english/

• T1 (USA)! http://www.t1.org/

• TTC (Japan)! http://www.ttc.or.jp/e/

• TTA (Korea)! http://www.tta.or.kr/

• CWTS (China)! http://www.cwts.org/cwts/index_eng.html



3GPP2 Member 3GPP2 Member OrganisationsOrganisations• TIA (USA)

! http://www.tiaonline.org/

• TTA (Korea)! http://www.tta.or.kr/

• TTC (Japan)! http://www.ttc.or.jp/e/

• ARIB (Japan)! http://www.arib.or.jp/arib/english/

• CWTS (China)! http://www.cwts.org/cwts/index_eng.html



The Road to 3GThe Road to 3G3rd Generation Drivers and Standards

Possible Evolution Paths to 3G

HSCSD


3rd Generation Cellular3rd Generation Cellular• 2002+• Digital modulation• Voice and high rate data• Multi technology roaming• Secure air interface• Standards

! UMTS FDD (CDMA based)! UMTS TDD (CDMA based)! cdma2000 (CDMA based)! EDGE (TDMA based)



UMTS FDDUMTS FDD• Universal Mobile Telecommunications System Frequency

Division Duplexing Mode• Built onto enhanced GSM core network• Utilises:

! QPSK modulation! Multiple channel coding and bearer rates! Variable spreading factors and multi-code transmission! CDMA! FDD! Asynchronous operation

• Data up to rates of 2Mbps (typically less)



UMTS Compared to GSMUMTS Compared to GSMUMTS GSM

Carrier Spacing 5MHz 200kHz

Frequency ReuseFactor

1 1-18

Power ControlFrequency

1500Hz 2Hz or lower

Quality Control Radio ResourceManagement

algorithms

Frequency Planningand NetworkOptimisation

Frequency Diversity 5MHz bandwidth givesmultipath diversity with

rake reciever

Frequency Hopping

Packet Data Load Based PacketScheduling

Time Slot basedScheduling with GPRS

Transmit Diversity Supported to improvedownlink capacity

Not supported bystandard but may be

applied



UMTS Compared to IS95UMTS Compared to IS95UMTS IS-95

Carrier Spacing 5MHz 1.25MHz

Chip Rate 3.84Mcps 1.2288McpsPower ControlFrequency

1500Hz Uplink 800Hz,Downlink slow

Base StationSynchronisation

No Yes via GPS

Frequency InterFrequencyHandovers

Yes, slotted modemeasurements

Possible butmeasurements not

specified

Packet Data Load Based PacketScheduling

Packets as short CScalls

Radio ResourceManagement

Efficient algorithms toprovide QoS

Not required forspeech only

Transmit Diversity Supported to improvedownlink capacity

Not supported bystandard



UMTS TDDUMTS TDD• Universal Mobile Telecommunications System Frequency

Division Duplexing Mode• Built onto enhanced GSM core network• Utilises:

! QPSK modulation! Multiple channel coding and bearer rates! CDMA! TDD! Asynchronous operation




cdma2000cdma2000• Built onto ANSI-41 core network• Utilises:

! QPSK modulation! Multiple channel coding and bearer rates! CDMA! FDD! Multiple carriers on the downlink to allow compatibility with cdmaOne! Synchronous operation




EDGEEDGE• Enhanced Data for GSM Evolution

! Sometimes called E-GPRS (Enhanced GPRS)

• Enhancement to the GSM and TDMA standards• Utlilises:

! 8PSK Modulation! Possible 1.6MHz carrier under IS-136! 8 Channel Coding Schemes! Multiple Timeslots! TDMA

• Data up to rates of 384kbps (typically less)



3rd Generation Standards Compared3rd Generation Standards ComparedUMTS FDD UMTS TDD cdma2000 EDGE

MultipleAccess

CDMA CDMA CDMA TDMA

Modulation QPSK QPSK QPSK 8-PSK

CarrierSpacing

5MHz (200kHzraster)

5MHz (200kHzraster)

3.75MHzUL/1.25MHz DL

200kHz/1.6MHz

Frame Length 10ms 10ms 20ms 4.615ms

Slots perFrame

15 15 16 8/16/64

MultipleRates

Multi-code,Variable

Spreading Factor

Multi-code, multi-slot

SupplementalChannels, Multiplespreading Factors

Multiple channelcode, multi-slot

Chip Rate 3.84Mcps 3.84Mcps 3.6868Mcps

Max DataRate

2Mbps 2Mbps 2Mbps 521/4750kbps

Synchronous No No Yes Yes

Handover Soft Hard Soft Hard



4th Generation...4th Generation...• Probably 2005-2007• Broadband data rates in excess of

1Mbps• Probably 10MHz+ carriers• ...



QuestionsQuestions• What is IMT-2000 and why is it related to UMTS?• Why do the American operators want cdma2000 and EDGE?• What is the major difference between UMTS and cdma2000?



Session SummarySession Summary• In this session we have discussed:

! The key goals of IMT-2000! The drivers for 3rd generation from the regions! The key industry bodies and their relationships! The four cellular air interfaces for IMT-2000 are:

" UMTS FDD" UMTS TDD" cdma2000" EDGE


3 rd generation drivers

Documents

etc3rd generation drivers

new imt

generation standards

land mobile ulimt

land mobile dlimt

land mobileimt

professional mobile

cellular standardsimt