3. a note on secondary data in pakistan - healthcare indicators
TRANSCRIPT
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This revised technical note was written by Teaching Fellow Moeen Naseer Butt at the Lahore University of
Management Sciences to serve as basis for class discussion rather than to illustrate either effective or ineffective
handling of an administrative situation. This material may not be quoted, photocopied or reproduced in anyform without the prior written consent of the Lahore University of Management Sciences. This research was
made possible through support provided by the United States Agency for International Development. The
opinions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the US Agency
for International Development or the US Government. This note was originally published as A Note on
Secondary Data in Pakistan: Education and Healthcare Indicators. The author has split the note into two parts. A
Note on Secondary Data in Pakistan: Education Indicators (16-288-2012-2) and A Note on Secondary Data in
Pakistan: Healthcare Indicators (16-289-2013-2).
© 2013 Lahore University of Management Sciences
A NOTE ON SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA IN PAKISTAN:
HEALTHCARE INDICATORS
Secondary data carries a distinct importance in the research process. It can reduce or even
eliminate the need of primary data, which is relatively costly and time consuming to collect
and analyse. However, compiling relevant and useful secondary data can be a daunting task.
The purpose of this note is to compile a list of key secondary data sources of healthcare
indicators in Pakistan.
According to the Oxford Dictionary, “An Indicator is a thing that indicates the state and level
of something”. There could be many indicators for showing the progress of a particular
event. For example, in the healthcare sector, „Average Life Expectancy‟ could be an indicator
to show the overall health and wellbeing of a country, as better health services can lead to
greater efficiency, and longer life-spans. The healthcare sector plays a pivotal role in theeconomic development of a nation and the level of healthcare services in Pakistan are much
lower than the standard in developed nations. For example, the average life expectancy for
Pakistan is 66.35 years as compared to 78.49 years for the United States (U.S.)1.
1 World Bank (2011 estimate)
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The objective of this note is, to be used as supplementary training material for the Monitoring
& Evaluation (M&E) training programs of ASP2-LUMS, SEDC
3, and other clients in
conjunction with Logical Framework Analysis (LFA)/Results Based Monitoring (RBM)
framework development. It can be used in the topics of developing indicators and research
methods in the same training programs. It may also be used as a basis of class-room
discussion on secondary data sources and their importance. Furthermore this note would be
helpful for project managers, practitioners, and students who are undertaking their research
projects on healthcare topics.
Effort has been made to include all major government and non-government sources of
information related to healthcare indicators that are available in Pakistan. In the report, the
sources have been taken from non-government to government levels for each category of the
indicators mentioned. The web-links mentioned along-with the sources provide a key todirectly go to those sources and get the relevant information. A description of the sources has
been provided in Appendix A.
IMPORTANCE OF SECONDARY DATA
The data for research purposes is classified as either „Primary‟ or „Secondary‟ depending
upon the purpose of collecting it. „Primary Data‟ is collected for the first time for a specific
research purpose. On the other hand, „Secondary Data‟ is data that is already available and
has been collected for some other purpose. While obtaining primary data is expensive and
time consuming, secondary data can be located quickly and inexpensively; therefore,
secondary data should be collected and analysed before proceeding to primary data
collection. In some cases, secondary data may be sufficient to solve the research problem;
thereby eliminating the need for collecting primary data4.
The advantages of secondary data include its easy accessibility, low cost, and quick
availability. Some of the disadvantages of secondary data include its limited relevance and
usefulness to the research problem at hand. It may also be outdated and lack accuracy.
Malhotra& Dash (2010) suggest that secondary data should be evaluated on its
2 Assessment and Strengthening Program
3Social Enterprise Development Centre4Kotler, P., & Keller, K. (2006). Marketing management . (12 ed.). New Delhi: Pearson.
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specifications/methodology, error/accuracy, currency, objective, nature, and dependability.
Secondary data includes, information made available by government sources, non-
government sources, academic sources, businesses, commercial marketing research firms,
and computerised databases5.
In this research note, the focus will be on secondary data sources in Pakistan related to only
healthcare indicators.
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA IN PAKISTAN
There are some very rich sources of secondary data for the healthcare sector in Pakistan.
Various non-governmental agencies like World Health Organisation (WHO) and World Bank
have acquired a reputation for providing high quality and unbiased information on thehealthcare sector of Pakistan. A number of government sector institutions also provide
similar data.
A major problem when considering data for Pakistan is the issue of reliability because a
number of projects or institutions that are shown in the data may not actually exist. Keeping
these issues in mind, all such information should be vetted from multiple sources and the
credibility and collection techniques of the data provider should also be considered.
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA FOR HEALTHCARE INDICATORS
INPAKISTAN
Secondary data for health care indicators in Pakistan can be accessed from various sources.
Due to a lack of evidence-based healthcare in Pakistani hospitals, the major chunk of this
data comes from international organisations, however both local (Government and Non-
Government) and international sources have been included in this note. The five categories of
healthcare indicators followed in this note have been shown in Figure 1 below:
5Malhotra, N. (2010). Marketing Research: An Applied Orientation. (6th ed.). New Delhi: Pearson.
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Figure 1
Categories of Healthcare Indicators
CATEGORIES OF HEALTHCARE INDICATORS
Diseases/Mortality Rate
The data included in this text includes the number of patients with certain major diseases and
the mortality rate (number of deaths), in general, and due to some of those diseases.
1. Non-Government Sources
1a. MEASURE Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS)
http://www.measuredhs.com/Publications/Publication-
Search.cfm?c=Pakistan&Country=Pakistan
The DHS‟s webpage for publications on Pakistan has the documents
mentioned below, that have data related to diseases/mortality rate. The reports
were published with data for the years 1990-91 and 2006-07.
1ai. Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS): This document has data on
malaria, HIV/AIDS and adult and maternal mortality. DHS is a detailed
Healthcare Indicators
Disease/
Mortality
Related
Fertility/
Maternity
Related
HealthcareFacilities
Related
HIV/Aids
Related
Nutrition
Related
http://www.measuredhs.com/Publications/Publication-Search.cfm?c=Pakistan&Country=Pakistanhttp://www.measuredhs.com/Publications/Publication-Search.cfm?c=Pakistan&Country=Pakistanhttp://www.measuredhs.com/Publications/Publication-Search.cfm?c=Pakistan&Country=Pakistanhttp://www.measuredhs.com/Publications/Publication-Search.cfm?c=Pakistan&Country=Pakistan
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document. Measure-DHS also has concise documents with data targeted for
specific groups. Details about these documents are given below.
1aii. Policy Briefs: Policy Briefs are short one to two-page documents that
highlight key findings from the survey and their implications for national policies. Geared towards decision makers, policy briefs have data on child and
infant mortality and adult mortality. They are usually jointly developed by
MEASURE DHS project staff and local content specialists.
1aiii. Key Findings: This provides a colourful synopsis of the more
comprehensive DHS final report and highlight key findings from each
country's survey. In most cases, they are published in the language of the
country, and are designed for use by policy makers and program planners in
the surveyed countries.
1aiv. Key Indicators Survey (KIS): This has data for population and health
activities at the micro level i.e. districts and catchment areas, etc. that may
have been targeted by an individual project, although they can be used in
nationally representative surveys as well.
1b. World Bank
http://databank.worldbank.org/ddp/editReport?REQUEST_SOURCE=search&CNO=2&country=PAK&series=&period=
The World Bank‟s data-bank section for Pakistan has data dating back from 1960 till
2011. Related to mortality rates, it has data on adult mortality by gender and mortality
rate by age. It also has data for the prevalence of major diseases like tuberculosis, low
birth weight and smoking. This data is available in formats compatible with Microsoft
Excel and Stata.
1c. World Health Organisation (WHO)
http://www.who.int/gho/countries/pak.pdf
The link given above is for the WHO document titled: „Pakistan Health Profile‟. It
has data on life-expectancy at birth, under-5 mortality, adult mortality rate, maternal
mortality ratio, prevalence of TB, distribution of causes of death, which is available
http://databank.worldbank.org/ddp/editReport?REQUEST_SOURCE=search&CNO=2&country=PAK&series=&periodhttp://databank.worldbank.org/ddp/editReport?REQUEST_SOURCE=search&CNO=2&country=PAK&series=&periodhttp://www.who.int/gho/countries/pak.pdfhttp://www.who.int/gho/countries/pak.pdfhttp://databank.worldbank.org/ddp/editReport?REQUEST_SOURCE=search&CNO=2&country=PAK&series=&periodhttp://databank.worldbank.org/ddp/editReport?REQUEST_SOURCE=search&CNO=2&country=PAK&series=&period
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till 2010.Data for under-five mortality i.e. differences by rural, urban, poorest and
wealthiest 20 percent is available till 2005 and data on adult risk factors for males and
females(raised blood glucose, raised blood pressure, obesity, tobacco use) is available
till 2008.
http://www.who.int/chp/chronic disease_report/media/pakistan.pdf
The link given above is for the WHO document titled: „The impact of chronic disease
in Pakistan‟. It has data on deaths by chronic diseases, data on causes of deaths
(cardiovascular, injury, cancer, diabetes, respiratory, maternal and nutritional
deficiencies etc.) in 2005 and also contains percentage increases for forecasting
purposes. Forecasted obesity percentages by gender for 2015 are also available in the
document.
http://gamapserver.who.int/gareports/Default.aspx?ReportNo=1&CountryCode=PK
The webpage given above from the WHO website gives weekly data for the year
2011 & 2012 on the number of positive influenza specimen by subtype. This data has
been updated till June 2012.
http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/publications/global_alcohol_report/profiles/pak.
pdf
The document link given above by WHO, gives data on alcohol consumption and
alcohol policy in Pakistan. The data for per capita consumption is available from
1961-2005. There is also data available for percentage of lifetime abstainers, drinkers
and excessive drinkers for the year 2005 only.
http://www.who.int/malaria/publications/country-profiles/profile_pak_en.pdf
The WHO document on malaria in Pakistan has data on the yearly amount of funding
given by different sources for 2004-2010, WHO-recommended strategies and years
they were adopted in, positive malaria tests, admissions and deaths for 2001-2010.
http://www.who.int/chp/chronic%20disease_report/media/pakistan.pdfhttp://gamapserver.who.int/gareports/Default.aspx?ReportNo=1&CountryCode=PKhttp://www.who.int/substance_abuse/publications/global_alcohol_report/profiles/pak.pdfhttp://www.who.int/substance_abuse/publications/global_alcohol_report/profiles/pak.pdfhttp://www.who.int/malaria/publications/country-profiles/profile_pak_en.pdfhttp://www.who.int/malaria/publications/country-profiles/profile_pak_en.pdfhttp://www.who.int/substance_abuse/publications/global_alcohol_report/profiles/pak.pdfhttp://www.who.int/substance_abuse/publications/global_alcohol_report/profiles/pak.pdfhttp://gamapserver.who.int/gareports/Default.aspx?ReportNo=1&CountryCode=PKhttp://www.who.int/chp/chronic%20disease_report/media/pakistan.pdf
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2. Government Sources
2a. Ministry of Finance
http://www.finance.gov.pk/survey_1112.html
The ministry of f inance publishes an annual document titled „Pakistan
Economic Survey‟. This survey is published at the end of the fiscal year. The
report is a compilation of data from various sources. Pertaining to
diseases/mortality rates, data is available for: mortality rate, TB case
detection, life expectancy and data on expanded program of immunisation‟s
vaccination performance.
2b. Ministry of Finance-Planning & Development Divisionhttp://www.pc.gov.pk/index.htm
The Planning & Development Division has the following data available:
expanded program of immunisation, national T.B. control program, roll back
malaria control program, national program for prevention and control of
blindness, NIH, Islamabad, prime minister‟s program for prevention & control
of hepatitis, NIH, Islamabad, national program for prevention and control of
avian pandemic influenza, NIH, Islamabad.
2c. Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (PBS)
http://www.pbs.gov.pk/content/pakistan-social-and-living-standards-
measurement
Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (PBS) has data related to the following program;
The Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement (PSLM) Project:
Percentage distribution of population fallen sick or injured during last
two weeks of the interview and by health consultation
Percentage distribution of population under 5 years fallen sick or
injured during last two weeks of the interview and by health
consultation
http://www.finance.gov.pk/survey_1112.htmlhttp://www.pc.gov.pk/index.htmhttp://www.pbs.gov.pk/content/pakistan-social-and-living-standards-measurementhttp://www.pbs.gov.pk/content/pakistan-social-and-living-standards-measurementhttp://www.pbs.gov.pk/content/pakistan-social-and-living-standards-measurementhttp://www.pbs.gov.pk/content/pakistan-social-and-living-standards-measurementhttp://www.pc.gov.pk/index.htmhttp://www.finance.gov.pk/survey_1112.html
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Percent distribution of health consultations in past 2 weeks by type of
health provider consulted
Percentage of children aged 12-23 months that have been immunised
A: Based on Recall -At Least One Immunisation.
Percentage of children aged 12-23 months that have been immunised
B: Based on Record-Fully Immunised
Percentage of children aged 12-23 months that have been immunised
C: Based On Recall and Record - Fully Immunised
Percentage of children 12-23 months that have been immunised by
type of antigen-based on record and recall.
Children under 5 suffering from Diarrhea in past 30 days-By province
and district
Treatment of diarrhoea in children under 5 years
Treatment of diarrhoea in children under 5 years
Type of practitioner consulted for diarrhea treatment
Pregnant women that have received Tetanus Toxoid injection
Fertility/Maternity
The information included in this section includes fertility (i.e. the natural capacity to produce
offspring) and data on issues related to maternity e.g. deaths of child and mother at birth,
causes of infant mortality and overall health profile of young children.
1. Non-Government Sources
1a. MEASURE Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS)
http://www.measuredhs.com/Publications/Publication-
Search.cfm?c=Pakistan&Country=Pakistan
DHS contains the data mentioned below in its highlighted publications. The
publications are for the years 1990-91 and 2006-07.
1ai. Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS):Household population by age,
fertility, family planning, other determinants of fertility, fertility preference,
http://www.measuredhs.com/Publications/Publication-Search.cfm?c=Pakistan&Country=Pakistanhttp://www.measuredhs.com/Publications/Publication-Search.cfm?c=Pakistan&Country=Pakistanhttp://www.measuredhs.com/Publications/Publication-Search.cfm?c=Pakistan&Country=Pakistanhttp://www.measuredhs.com/Publications/Publication-Search.cfm?c=Pakistan&Country=Pakistan
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infant and child mortality, reproductive health, child health, and maternal
mortality.
1aii. Policy Briefs: Fertility and family planning, child and infant mortality,
adult mortality, child health, and maternal health.
1b. UNESCO Institute of Statistics (UIS)
http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/document.aspx?ReportId=121
&IF_Language=eng&BR_Country=5860&BR_Region=40535
The link given above has data on total fertility rate, infant mortality rate, and
life expectancy at birth.
1c. United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)
http://www.unicef.org/pakistan/UNICEF_Pakistan_2010_Annual_Report_-
low_res.pdf
UNICEF‟s latest annual report is for 2010. This is an annual publication and
has data on 1-2 year old children. The report highlights the main issues
affecting children in Pakistan during the year in question. The statistics
available are related to:
Maternal and child healthcare
Child protection
Apart from these statistics there is information on funds allocated and actions
taken to alleviate these problems e.g. the amount of polio vaccination
dispensed.
A number of data tables are available in the „state of world‟s children‟ section
of UNICEFs website. The tables have data for 1990 and 2010 and in some
cases yearly for 1990-2000. The data available is given country-wise for the
whole world.
http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/document.aspx?ReportId=121&IF_Language=eng&BR_Country=5860&BR_Region=40535http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/document.aspx?ReportId=121&IF_Language=eng&BR_Country=5860&BR_Region=40535http://www.unicef.org/pakistan/UNICEF_Pakistan_2010_Annual_Report_-low_res.pdfhttp://www.unicef.org/pakistan/UNICEF_Pakistan_2010_Annual_Report_-low_res.pdfhttp://www.unicef.org/pakistan/UNICEF_Pakistan_2010_Annual_Report_-low_res.pdfhttp://www.unicef.org/pakistan/UNICEF_Pakistan_2010_Annual_Report_-low_res.pdfhttp://www.unicef.org/pakistan/UNICEF_Pakistan_2010_Annual_Report_-low_res.pdfhttp://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/document.aspx?ReportId=121&IF_Language=eng&BR_Country=5860&BR_Region=40535http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/document.aspx?ReportId=121&IF_Language=eng&BR_Country=5860&BR_Region=40535
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The statistics available are related to:
Basic indicators for children, nutrition and health
HIV/AIDS
Demographics
Women
Child protection
Rate of progress
Adolescents
Equity-residence
Equity-household wealth
Under-five mortality
1d. World Bank
http://databank.worldbank.org/ddp/editReport?REQUEST_SOURCE=search
&CNO=2&country=PAK&series=&period=
The World Bank‟s databank section for Pakistan has data dating back to 1960
till 2011. Related to fertility/maternal and child health; it has data on low-birth
weight babies (percentage of births), adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000
women ages 15-19), births attended by skilled health staff (percentage oftotal), fertility rate, total (births per woman), lifetime risk of maternal death
(percentage), maternal mortality ratio (national estimate, per 100,000 live
births), number of maternal deaths, pregnant women receiving prenatal care
(percentage),teenage mothers (percentage of women ages 15-19 who have had
children or are currently pregnant), wanted fertility rate (births per woman)
and children (0-14) living with HIV.
1e. World Health Organisation (WHO)http://www.who.int/gho/countries/pak.pdf
The data available in the” Pakistan Health Profile” document of the WHO is
on, life-expectancy at birth, under-5 mortality, adult mortality rate and
maternal mortality ratio. This data is available till 2010.
http://databank.worldbank.org/ddp/editReport?REQUEST_SOURCE=search&CNO=2&country=PAK&series=&periodhttp://databank.worldbank.org/ddp/editReport?REQUEST_SOURCE=search&CNO=2&country=PAK&series=&periodhttp://www.who.int/gho/countries/pak.pdfhttp://www.who.int/gho/countries/pak.pdfhttp://databank.worldbank.org/ddp/editReport?REQUEST_SOURCE=search&CNO=2&country=PAK&series=&periodhttp://databank.worldbank.org/ddp/editReport?REQUEST_SOURCE=search&CNO=2&country=PAK&series=&period
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Government Sources
1. Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (PBS)
http://www.pbs.gov.pk/node/356
The Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (PBS) website has the following relevant
data:
The Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement (PSLM) Project:
Percentage distribution of population under 5 years fallen sick or injured
during last two weeks of the interview and by health consultation
Percentage of children aged 12-23 Months that have been immunisedA:Based on Recall -At Least One Immunisation.
Percentage of children aged 12-23 months that have been immunised B:
Based on Record-Fully Immunised
Percentage of children aged 12-23 months that have been immunised C:
Based On Recall and Record - Fully Immunised
Percentage of children 12-23 months that have been immunised by type of
antigen-based on record and recall.
Children under 5 suffering from Diarrhea in past 30 days-By province anddistrict
Treatment of Diarrhoea in Children Under 5 Years
Treatment of Diarrhoea in Children Under 5 Years
Pre-Natal Consultation-By Province And Person/Facility
Pregnant Women that have received Tetanus Toxoid Injection
Child Delivery-Location and Type of Assistance
Post-Natal Consultations-By Province and District
http://www.pbs.gov.pk/node/356http://www.pbs.gov.pk/node/356http://www.pbs.gov.pk/node/356
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2. Department of Health-Government of Punjab
http://health.punjab.gov.pk/?q=Punjab_Health_Profile
The Department of Health‟s website has a number of publications on its
website. The data available is given below with the name of the publication in
bold.
2a. Punjab Health Profile: This section has the following current available
data; infant mortality rate, maternal mortality ratio/100,000,under-five
mortality/1000, percentage age of under nutrition (
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1aii. Estimates for the Use of Improved Sanitation Facilities (Joint
Monitoring Program for Water Supply and Sanitation by
WHO/UNICEF)
http://www.wssinfo.org/
It has detailed data (five-yearly) on sanitation starting 1990, with new data
updated every five years. The data includes sanitation coverage estimates,
improvement trends for rural and urban areas, improved, shared and
unimproved sanitation facilities and open defecation percentages.
1aiii. Estimates for the Use of Improved Drinking-Water Sources (Joint
Monitoring Program for Water supply and Sanitation byWHO/UNICEF)
http://www.wssinfo.org/
It has detailed data (five-yearly) on improved drinking water sources starting
form 1990 till2010.It was last updated in March, 2012 with the next available
data on the topic being for 2015. The data includes drinking water coverage
by type, for example whether water was piped onto premises or whether
surface water was used.
1aiv. Official Development Assistance (ODA) for Health to Pakistan
http://www.who.int/gho/governance_aid_effectiveness/countries/pak.pdf
This document lists the yearly dollar figures for official development
assistance given to Pakistan for years 2002-2009 and also their respective
allocation i.e. monies spent on HIV or family planning etc. The document also
has information on the amount provided by each country and institution. Data
collection by NGO‟s is mainly tied to aid and initiatives taken by those
NGO‟s depending on the security situation and other factors.
http://www.wssinfo.org/http://www.wssinfo.org/http://beta.hec.gov.pk/InsideHEC/Divisions/QALI/Others/Statistics/Pages/YearWiseSummary2.aspxhttp://beta.hec.gov.pk/InsideHEC/Divisions/QALI/Others/Statistics/Pages/YearWiseSummary2.aspxhttp://beta.hec.gov.pk/InsideHEC/Divisions/QALI/Others/Statistics/Pages/YearWiseSummary2.aspxhttp://www.wssinfo.org/http://www.wssinfo.org/http://www.who.int/gho/governance_aid_effectiveness/countries/pak.pdfhttp://www.who.int/gho/governance_aid_effectiveness/countries/pak.pdfhttp://www.wssinfo.org/http://beta.hec.gov.pk/InsideHEC/Divisions/QALI/Others/Statistics/Pages/YearWiseSummary2.aspxhttp://beta.hec.gov.pk/InsideHEC/Divisions/QALI/Others/Statistics/Pages/YearWiseSummary2.aspxhttp://beta.hec.gov.pk/InsideHEC/Divisions/QALI/Others/Statistics/Pages/YearWiseSummary2.aspxhttp://www.wssinfo.org/
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Government Sources
1. Ministry of Finance
http://www.finance.gov.pk/survey_1112.html
The Ministry of Finance publishes an annual document titled „Pakistan
Economic Survey‟. The Economic Survey is produced yearly in July for the
previous fiscal year and has the following relevant data:
Health and nutrition expenditure
Health manpower i.e. doctors and nurses etc.
Number of hospital beds
Number of drug seizures by type of drug
Food availability per capita by food type
Number of national medical and health establishments i.e. hospital
dispensaries etc.
Number of registered health professionals and paramedics
Data on expanded program of immunisation vaccination performance
Doctor consulting fees in various major cities
2. Department of Health-Government of Balochistan
http://www.balochistan.gov.pk/
The Department of Health works under the Government of Balochistan and
has the following current data:
Development and non-development budget for health in Balochistan
Facilities and other information (number of beds and departments etc.) aboutgovernment hospitals in Balochistan
http://www.finance.gov.pk/survey_1112.htmlhttp://www.balochistan.gov.pk/http://www.balochistan.gov.pk/http://www.balochistan.gov.pk/http://www.finance.gov.pk/survey_1112.html
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3. Department of Health-Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhawa
http://www.healthkp.gov.pk/healthstatistics.asp
The Department of Health website has the following health statistics available
on its website:
Number of medical facilities by type. For example: number of hospitals,
dispensaries and health centers etc.
Number of medical training institutions by type. For example: number of
medical & dental colleges, nursing schools and public health schools etc.
Number of health care personnel. For example: number of medical officers,
dental surgeons, dispensers and lady health workers etc.
4. Department of Health-Government of Punjab
The Department of Health website has a number of publications on its
website. The data available is given below by type of publication:
4a. Punjab Health Profile
http://health.punjab.gov.pk/?q=Punjab_Health_Profile
This section has the following data available.
Number of Hospitals
Number of Dispensaries
Number of Beds
4b. Health Infrastructure (Division and District Wise)http://health.punjab.gov.pk/?q=system/files/Division_and_district_wise_facilit
ies.pdf
This document is available in pdf format and has the following data:
Number of Hospitals by Type
http://www.healthkp.gov.pk/healthstatistics.asphttp://health.punjab.gov.pk/?q=Punjab_Health_Profilehttp://health.punjab.gov.pk/?q=system/files/Division_and_district_wise_facilities.pdfhttp://health.punjab.gov.pk/?q=system/files/Division_and_district_wise_facilities.pdfhttp://health.punjab.gov.pk/?q=system/files/Division_and_district_wise_facilities.pdfhttp://health.punjab.gov.pk/?q=system/files/Division_and_district_wise_facilities.pdfhttp://health.punjab.gov.pk/?q=Punjab_Health_Profilehttp://www.healthkp.gov.pk/healthstatistics.asp
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District-wise Number of Teaching Hospitals, District Head-Quarters
Hospitals, Tehsil Head-Quarters Hospitals and Rural Health Centers in all the
divisions of Punjab.
4c. Performance Review of District Hospitals:
http://health.punjab.gov.pk/?q=system/files/Performance_Review_Dist_Teh_
Hosp.pdf
This document is available in pdf format and has the following data:
Outpatient (OPD)6Attendance
Outpatients Visits versus Total District Population
Outpatients Attendance by Age, Specialty and Gender.
Utilisation of In-Door Services by Specialty.
Bed Occupancy Rate by Specialty and District.
Percentage of Hospital Deaths
Number of Deaths versus Admissions by Specialty
OPD and Indoor Utilisation by Month.
The document also has data on trends in top diseases and appraisal of performance of
laboratory facilities.
Number of Medical Facilities by Type e.g. number of hospitals, dispensaries
and health centers etc.
Number of Medical Training Institutions by Type e.g. number of medical,
dental colleges, nursing schools and public health schools etc.
Number of Health Care Personnel e.g. number of medical officers, dental
surgeons, dispensers and lady health workers etc.
6 OPD: Out Patient Department
http://health.punjab.gov.pk/?q=system/files/Performance_Review_Dist_Teh_Hosp.pdfhttp://health.punjab.gov.pk/?q=system/files/Performance_Review_Dist_Teh_Hosp.pdfhttp://health.punjab.gov.pk/?q=system/files/Performance_Review_Dist_Teh_Hosp.pdfhttp://health.punjab.gov.pk/?q=system/files/Performance_Review_Dist_Teh_Hosp.pdf
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4d. Provincial Report Quarterly/Annual Report
http://health.punjab.gov.pk/index.php?q=Reports
This is the most comprehensive report published by the Department of Health,
Punjab and is issued at the end of every quarter and year. The latest document
available is for the first quarter of 2012 and has the following data:
Number of Health Facilities by District / Type
Reporting Compliance
OPD Attendance
District and Facility wise Average Number of OPD Visits (Per Day)
New and Follow-up Visits
Patients Distribution by Gender (New Visits)
Frequency of Referred-in Cases
Disease Pattern
Facilities wise Average Number of Deliveries Conducted (Per Month)
Obstetric Complications Attending Indoor
Caesarean Section Performed
Family Planning Visits
Couple-Years of Protection
District-wise Number of Commodities Distributed
Percentage of Pregnant Women Newly Registered by the LHW7
Delivery by Skilled Birth Attendants reported through LHW
Immunisation Coverage
Tetanus Toxoid (TT-II) Coverage
Drug Stock out Status
Proportion of Healthcare Staff Position Filled
7 LHW: Lady Health Worker
http://health.punjab.gov.pk/index.php?q=Reportshttp://health.punjab.gov.pk/index.php?q=Reports
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4e.Department of Health-Government of Sindh
http://www.sindhhealth.gov.pk/n/minister.htm
Department of Health, Sindh website has the total number and names of
hospitals in Sindh.
HIV/Aids
The information included in this section includes data about the patients suffering from HIV,
facilities and the precautionary measures being taken to alleviate and stop spreading of the
HIV virus.
1. Non-Government Sources
1a. UNAIDS
http://www.unaids.org/globalreport/documents/20101123_GlobalReport_full_
en.pdf
The UNAIDS Global Report 2010,contains data for the number of people
infected with AIDS, major causes, number of sex workers, and number of sex
workers using protection
1b. United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)
http://www.unicef.org/sowc2012/statistics.php
A number of data tables are available in the „state of world‟s children‟ section
of UNICEF website. The tables have data for 1990 and 2010 and in some
cases yearly for 1990-2000. The data available is given country-wise for the
whole world. This section has data related to HIV prevalence in children.
http://www.sindhhealth.gov.pk/n/minister.htmhttp://www.unaids.org/globalreport/documents/20101123_GlobalReport_full_en.pdfhttp://www.unaids.org/globalreport/documents/20101123_GlobalReport_full_en.pdfhttp://www.unaids.org/globalreport/documents/20101123_GlobalReport_full_en.pdfhttp://www.unicef.org/sowc2012/statistics.phphttp://www.unicef.org/sowc2012/statistics.phphttp://www.unicef.org/sowc2012/statistics.phphttp://www.unaids.org/globalreport/documents/20101123_GlobalReport_full_en.pdfhttp://www.unaids.org/globalreport/documents/20101123_GlobalReport_full_en.pdfhttp://www.sindhhealth.gov.pk/n/minister.htm
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1c. World Bank
http://databank.worldbank.org/ddp/editReport?REQUEST_SOURCE=search
&CNO=2&country=PAK&series=&period=
The World Bank‟s databank section for Pakistan has HIV related data on total
prevalence of HIV and HIV prevalence by age.
1d. World Health Organisation (WHO)
http://www.who.int/gho/countries/pak.pdf
The link given above is for the WHO document titled: „Pakistan Health
Profile‟ and has data on the prevalence of HIV which is available till 2010.
Nutrition
The data included in this section includes information about diet, deficiencies in diet and the
resultant problems. The impact and importance of this section can be judged by the fact that
the UN report titled „The Impact of Chronic Diseases in Pakistan‟ estimates that in 2005, 50
percent of deaths were due to communicable, maternal and prenatal nutritional deficiencies.
1. Non-Government Sources
1a. United Nations Children’s Fund(UNICEF)
http://www.unicef.org/sowc2012/statistics.php
The tables have data for 1990 and 2010 and in some cases yearly for 1990-
2000. The data available is given country-wise for the whole world. This
section has data on basic indicators for children, nutrition and health.
1b. World Bank
http://databank.worldbank.org/ddp/editReport?REQUEST_SOURCE=search
&CNO=2&country=PAK&series=&period=
The World Bank‟s databank section for Pakistan has nutrition related data on
malnutrition by age and weight for children under-5, prevalence of overweight
http://databank.worldbank.org/ddp/editReport?REQUEST_SOURCE=search&CNO=2&country=PAK&series=&periodhttp://databank.worldbank.org/ddp/editReport?REQUEST_SOURCE=search&CNO=2&country=PAK&series=&periodhttp://www.who.int/gho/countries/pak.pdfhttp://www.unicef.org/sowc2012/statistics.phphttp://databank.worldbank.org/ddp/editReport?REQUEST_SOURCE=search&CNO=2&country=PAK&series=&periodhttp://databank.worldbank.org/ddp/editReport?REQUEST_SOURCE=search&CNO=2&country=PAK&series=&periodhttp://databank.worldbank.org/ddp/editReport?REQUEST_SOURCE=search&CNO=2&country=PAK&series=&periodhttp://databank.worldbank.org/ddp/editReport?REQUEST_SOURCE=search&CNO=2&country=PAK&series=&periodhttp://www.unicef.org/sowc2012/statistics.phphttp://www.who.int/gho/countries/pak.pdfhttp://databank.worldbank.org/ddp/editReport?REQUEST_SOURCE=search&CNO=2&country=PAK&series=&periodhttp://databank.worldbank.org/ddp/editReport?REQUEST_SOURCE=search&CNO=2&country=PAK&series=&period
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and underweight for children under-5 and Vitamin A supplementation
coverage rate (Percentage of children ages 6-59 months).
CONCLUSION
The healthcare sector takes up a significant proportion of the national budget as well as
foreign aid. Discounting the financial importance, there is also a huge significance of this
sector in the economic development of a country. This note will serve as an aid to training
geared towards monitoring and evaluation and research related to the healthcare sector of
Pakistan.
This note would be helpful both as a supplementary teaching material and as a useful guide
of sources for practitioners, project managers and students undertaking projects related to thehealthcare sector of Pakistan. Even though this is not an exhaustive list of all available
secondary data sources of healthcare indicators in Pakistan, effort has been made to include
all key indicators related to this sector. As a supplementary teaching material, this note may
be used in several courses and training programs like Monitoring & Evaluation (M&E) and
Research Methods along with case studies and related chapters. The project managers and
students intending to undertake healthcare related projects may also get benefit from this
handy guide of secondary data sources of health indicators. The web-links provided with
each source would be useful in directly accessing the desired data and information. Further
related data and information may also be explored through those web-links.
The Appendix includes brief notes about the sources provided and the frequency of data
available. These brief notes will help in judging the quality, relevance, and usefulness of the
data available in the identified sources.
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Appendix A
A NOTE ON SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA IN PAKISTAN:
HEALTHCARE INDICATORS
Brief Description of Sources of Healthcare Indicators
Non-Government Sources
i) MEASURE Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS)
http://www.measuredhs.com/
The MEASURE Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) Project is responsible for
collecting and disseminating data on health and population in developing countries.The project is implemented by Macro International, Inc. (now ICF International) and
is funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) with
contributions from other donors such as UNICEF, UNFPA, WHO, and UNAIDS.
DHS has earned a reputation for collecting accurate data. It has partnered with
institutions like „Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health/Center for
Communication Programs‟ to expand access to its data. The latest edition of the most
detailed report on Pakistan; titled „Demographic and Health Survey 2006-2007‟ was
published in 2008. Most of the data is for the 5-year period 1991-96 but some of the
data goes back as far as 1984.
ii) UNAIDS (The Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS)
http://www.unaids.org/
UNAIDS is the joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS. Its mission is to lead
and inspire the world in achieving universal access to HIV prevention, treatment, care
and support. As the objective of this organisation is to solely tackle AIDS, the data on
AIDS by this institution is considered more reliable and detailed than found in other
documents, for example by WHO or UNICEF etc.
http://www.measuredhs.com/http://www.unaids.org/http://www.unaids.org/http://www.unaids.org/http://www.measuredhs.com/
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Appendix A (p2 of 4)
A NOTE ON SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA IN PAKISTAN:
HEALTHCARE INDICATORS
iii) United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)
http://www.unicef.org/
UNICEF is a United Nations Program headquartered in New York City that provides
long-term humanitarian and developmental assistance to children and mothers in
developing countries. It was created in 1946 and in 1954 became a permanent
member of the UN. Due to the nature of the work it carries, it has very detailed data
on children health. UNICEF‟s latest annual report is for 2010. This is an annual
publication and has data about 1-2 year old children.
iv) World Bank
http://www.worldbank.org/
The World Bank Group (WBG) is a family of five international organisations that
makes leveraged loans, generally to poor countries. It came into formal existence in
1945 and currently has 193 members. The „Data Bank ‟ section of the institution‟s
website is one of the richest sources of data available online with some of the data on
Pakistan available for as far back as 1960. The data can be freely accessed on the
website and can be downloaded as a Microsoft Excel sheet.
v) World Health Organisation (WHO)
http://www.who.int/
The World Health Organisation (WHO) is the directing and coordinating authority for
health within the United Nations system. Formed in 1948; it currently has 193 nations
as full and 2 as associate members. WHO maintains a rich database of all its member
countries, including Pakistan. As WHO is a large international organisation with
positive repute, its data is quite reliable because it has maintained its impartiality and
hence produces unbiased data.
http://www.unicef.org/http://www.worldbank.org/http://www.who.int/http://www.who.int/http://www.who.int/http://www.worldbank.org/http://www.unicef.org/
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Appendix A (p3 of 4)
A NOTE ON SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA IN PAKISTAN:
HEALTHCARE INDICATORS
Federal Government Sources
i) Ministry of Finance-Planning & Development Division
http://www.pc.gov.pk/
The Planning & Development Division is a part of the Ministry of Finance and is
tasked with rethinking the country‟s growth strategy with a view to developing policy
and reform ideas for achieving sustainable growth acceleration.
ii) Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (PBS)
http://www.pbs.gov.pk/
The Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (PBS) is Pakistan's official statistical organisation.
It assists and encourages informed decision-making, research and discussion within
governments and the community, by providing a high quality, objective and
responsive national statistical service. PBS compiles statistics from many sources and
produces global updates; including the Statistical Yearbook, Pakistan Statistics
Handbook and yearbooks in specialised fields of statistics.
Provincial Government Sources
i) Department of Health-Government of Balochistan
http://www.balochistan.gov.pk/
The Department of Health works under the Government of Balochistan. The 'Minister
Health‟ is the one in-charge. „Secretary Health‟ is the Head of the Department while
„Director General Health Services‟ is the Head of the department. The Health
Secretariat is the apex management unit for the entire health department.
http://www.pc.gov.pk/http://www.finance.gov.pk/surveyhttp://www.finance.gov.pk/surveyhttp://www.balochistan.gov.pk/http://www.balochistan.gov.pk/http://www.balochistan.gov.pk/http://www.finance.gov.pk/surveyhttp://www.pc.gov.pk/
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Appendix A (p4 of 4)
A NOTE ON SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA IN PAKISTAN:
HEALTHCARE INDICATORS
ii) Department of Health-Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhawa
http://www.healthkp.gov.pk/
The „Department of Health‟ is part of the Provincial Government of Khyber
Pkhtunkhwa. Its mission is to protect the health of all citizens in the Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa Province.
iii) Department of Health-Government of Punjab
http://health.punjab.gov.pk/
The „Department of Health‟ is part of the Government of Punjab. Punjab being the
biggest province of Pakistan in terms of population, its Department of Health website
is the richest in terms of data availability.
iv) Department of Health-Government of Sindh
http://www.sindhhealth.gov.pk/portal/
„The Provincial Health Ministry‟ is a standard body for providing Medical Education
Training & Employment. Its overall vision is based on „Health for All‟. The new
Health Policy aims to implement this strategy of protecting people against hazardous
diseases, promoting public health, upgrading curative health facilities, enhancing
equity, efficiency, and effectiveness in the health sector in Sindh.
http://www.finance.gov.pk/surveyhttp://www.finance.gov.pk/surveyhttp://health.punjab.gov.pk/http://www.sindhhealth.gov.pk/portal/http://www.sindhhealth.gov.pk/portal/http://health.punjab.gov.pk/http://www.finance.gov.pk/survey