3-1

The Work Breakdown Structure is a Productof the Systems Engineering Process

The program work breakdown structure (WBS) establishes the essential

framework for program and technical planning, cost estimating, resource

allocations, performance measurements, and status reporting. The WBS

shall define the total system to be developed or produced, display the total

system as a product-oriented family tree composed of hardware, software,

services, and data, and relate the elements of work to each other and to the

end product.

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WBS Definitions

Program WBS - A program WBS shall be developed to define initially the

top three levels of a WBS for the entire acquisition cycle of the system

being acquired. A final program WBS shall be prepared by compiling the

elements of the contract WBSs with the initial program WBS.

Contract WBS - From the initial program WBS, preliminary contract

WBSs for individual contracts shall be developed to be negotiated with

the contractors involved. The contract WBS shall be extended to lower

levels by the contractor using as guidance MIL-HDBK-881.

3-3JSF Requirements Alloc Process.ppt

Sample Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) Tiers for an Air System*

* Mil-Hdbk-881 will be used as a guideline for major acquisition programs (Ref. DoD 5000.2-R)

Air SystemAir Vehicle

AirframePropulsionAir Vehicle Applications SoftwareAir Vehicle System SoftwareCommunications/IdentificationNavigation/GuidanceCentral ComputerFire ControlEtc.

Systems Engineering/Program ManagementSystems EngineeringProgram Management

System Test & EvaluationDevelopment Test & EvaluationOperational Test & EvaluationEtc.

TrainingEquipment

Classroom EquipmentComputer Based Instruction SystemAircrew Training DeviceEtc.

ServicesFacilities

Peculiar Support EquipmentTest and Measurement EquipmentSupport and Handling Equipment

Common Support EquipmentOperational/Site ActivationInitial Spares and Repair Parts

1 2 3 4

Prime Mission System

Fire Control Subsystem

Aircrew Training Device

Fire ControlRadar

Electronic Subsystems 1...nRadar Applications Software

Build 1...nComputer S/W Conf. Item 1...nIntegration & Checkout

Integration, Assembly, Test & CheckoutRadar System Software

Build 1...nComputer S/W Conf. Item 1...nIntegration & Checkout

Integration, Assembly, Test & CheckoutIntegration, Assembly, Test & Checkout

Platform IntegrationSystems Engineering/Program ManagementSystem Test & EvaluationTrainingDataPeculiar Support EquipmentCommon Support EquipmentInitial Spares and Repair Parts

1(3) 2(4) 3(5) 4(6) 5(7)

Aircrew Training Device (ATD)ATD Equipment

Student StationInstructor Operator StationComputer SystemVisual SystemMotion SystemEtc.

Sys. Eng./Prog. Man.System Test & EvaluationTrainingDataPeculiar Support EquipmentCommon Support EquipmentOperational/Site ActivationInitial Spares & Repair Parts

1(4) 2(5) 3(6)

Data

3-4

Specifications shall Conform to the WBS

1. WBS elements may contain both nonrecurring and recurring effort.

2. Integrated logistics support and software shall be accommodated in theappropriate levels of the WBS in accordance with MIL-HDBK-881.

3. Functional cost elements such as engineering, tooling, quality control, andmanufacturing are not WBS elements and shall not be represented as such in the WBS.

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Example System Configuration

System

SS-1 SS-2 SS-3

SS-11 HW

SS-12PROC

SS-13HW

SS-21 SS-22 SS-31HW

SS-32 SW

SS-121 HW

SS-122 HW

SS-211 HW

SS-212 FW

SS-213 SW

SS-221 HW

SS-222 FW

SS-2121 HW

SS-2122 SW

SS-2221 HW

SS-2222 SW

LegendSS SubsystemPROC ProcessHW HardwareSW SoftwareFW Firmware

3-6

EXERCISE #1

Background: You have recently been assigned to the IPD Team for the Peace Whey program. Peace Whey is a recently approved FMS program which will provide 20 F-16Cs to the Kurdish Air Force (KAF). The specifications for the Kurdish F-16s call for them to be equipped with the Airborne Jamming System (AJS), an electronic warfare system. Your position will be as AJS team leader responsible for the oversight of design and testing of the AJS system, for its integration into the Peace Whey aircraft, and for the AJS lab and flight testing verification. In addition, you must act as the interface between the AJS team and the other teams making up the IPD Team for the Peace Whey program, making certain that the program office is supported in its overall coordination and management tasks.

Exercise: Referring to the Statement of Customer Requirements for AJS (Part 1) which you have been provided, develop a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) for the AJS development and production

task as a part of the overall air vehicle development task.

3-7

AJS Statement of Customer Requirements

Customer: Kurdish Fighter Program (Peace Whey)

Operational Need: Fighter aircraft operating in a hostile environment require extensive electronic countermeasures (ECM) to defeat air-launched and ground-launched threats to the survivability of the aircraft. These ECM systems must be capable of generating and broadcasting radio frequency (RF) energy at sufficient power levels and in appropriate patterns to defeat any threat encountered by the aircraft.

3-8

AJS Statement of Customer Requirements(Cont.)

Description: The AJS shall be capable of installation on a lightweight, high-speed, multi-role fighter and shall be supportable in primitive forward operating bases. The system shall be capable of transmitting radio frequency signal in the microwave frequency range at sufficient power levels and in patterns capable of successfully jamming all identified threats at the required operational range. The AJS system shall consist of the following major components:

1. Core Avionics: Shall consist of the jammer, the radar warning receiver, and the OFP software. Shall be capable of generating the required RF signal in the microwave band at required power levels and of detecting radar emissions from the threat set at the required ranges. 2. RF Switch H/I/J Band: Shall control selection of broadcast frequency bands as required.3. Fire Control Radar Notch Filter: Shall prevent interference of the Fire Control Radar (FCR) by the AJS system.4. Forward Transmit Antenna5. Aft Transmit Antenna and Raydome6. WRD-650D24 Waveguide7. Coaxial Cable

3-9

Schedule:

1. Flight Test: The Safety of Flight(SOF) unit for flight test shall be available for installation 26 months after program go-ahead.2. First Production Delivery: The first production assembly shall be delivered 36 months after program go-ahead.3. Delivery Rate: Delivery of AJS units shall be at the rate of 2 units per month.4. Total Quantity: The total quantity of AJS units shall be 20.

AJS Statement of Customer Requirements(Cont.)

Customer Priorities:1. Power Transmitted.2. Weight3. First production delivery.4. Cost not to exceed $125,000/unit (for 20 units).

3-10

See MIL-HDBK-881

3-11

Cost, Schedule, and Performance RiskManagement

The program manager shall establish a risk management program for each

acquisition program to identify and control performance, cost, and schedule

risks. The risk management program shall identify and track risk drivers,

define risk abatement plans, and provide for continuous risk assessment

throughout each acquisition phase to determine how risks have changed.

Risk reduction measures shall be included in cost-performance tradeoffs,

where applicable. The risk management program shall plan for back-ups

in high risk areas and identify design requirements where performance

increase is small relative to cost, schedule, and performance risk.

3-12

Cost as an Independent Variable (CAIV)

The acquisition strategy shall address methodologies to acquire and

operate affordable DoD Systems by setting aggressive but achievable cost

objectives and managing achievement of these objectives. Cost objectives

shall be set to balance mission needs with projected out-year resources,

taking into account anticipated process improvements in both DoD and

defense industries. This concept has become known as “cost as an

independent variable,” meaning that cost shall be more of an input, and

less of an output, in the process of acquiring DoD systems.

3-13

Cost/Performance Tradeoffs

Life-cycle cost-performance tradeoffs shall be considered in each phase

by a life-cycle cost-performance integrated product team (CPIPT). The

organization and activities of the CPIPT is based on the principle that the

best time to reduce life-cycle cost is early in the acquisition process and

that cost performance tradeoffs analyses shall be conducted before an

acquisition approach is finalized.

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SEMS Interrelationships

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